VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Belagavi-590018

A Report on

“PHYSICAL EDUCATION (SPORTS AND ATHLETICS) – II (BPEK459)”

Submitted in partial fulfilment as per VTU curriculum for 4th semester for the award of
degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BY

PAVAN KS
1EP22EC064
IV-B

Under the guidance of

Mrs. SAVITHA
Assistant Professor
Department of ECE, EPCET

Jnana Prabha, East Point Campus, Virgonagar Post, Avalahalli, Bangalore-560049

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

2023-2024
 Jnana Prabha, East Point Campus, Virgonagar Post, Avalahalli, Bangalore-560049

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “PHYSICAL EDUCATION (SPORTS AND ATHLETICS)” is a
Bonafede work being carrying out by Mrs. SAVITHA bearing USN: 1EP22EC076, in partial fulfilment for
the requirement of the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication
Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the academic year 2023-2024. It
is certified that all the corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in
this report. This report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements prescribed by the
university

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principle

Mrs. Savitha Dr .Yogesh G S Dr .Mrityunjay V Latte
Assistsnt Professor Vice Principle & HOD Principle, EPCET
Dept. of ECE, EPCET Dept. of ECE, EPCET
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Behind every achievement lies an unfathomable sea of gratitude to those who actuated it, without whom
it would never have come to existence. To them our praise the word of gratitude imprinted not just on
this paper but deep in our heart

We express our profound gratitude towards Late Dr. S M Venkatpathi, Founder Chairman, East Point
College of Engineering and Technology, for providing necessary infrastructure and also honour to

Dr. Mrityunjaya V Latte, Principal, EPCET, for creating good environment for carrying out our
project

We extend our earnest gratitude to Dr. Yogesh G S, HOD of ECE Dept for his motivation and constant
support. Our sincere thanks to our guide Mrs. Savitha, Assiatant Professor, Dept. of ECE,

EPCET for his guidance and encouragement throughout the course of report preparation. His
timely assistance and valuable suggestion were the motivation factor for the completion of the
project successfully

Co-ordinators, who have helped us in several ways to learn and explore things by guiding us and
providing us with all the required support. We also thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff of ECE
Department, EPCET, Bangalore, for their valuable guidance.

Last but not the least, we would like to utilize this opportunity to express a sense of gratitude and love to
our beloved family and to my dearest friends for their support and strength.
 DECLARATION

I, PAVAN KS, USN: 1EP22EC076 , Here by declare that the Report on PHYSICAL EDUCATION
(SPORTS AND ATHLETICS) is carried out at EAST POINT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, under the guidance of Mrs SAVITHA, Assistant professor, department of ECE, East
Point College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore for partial fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor
of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering under Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi.

Date:
Place: Bangalore
 CONTENTS

Chapter Description Page No.

No.
1 Sports Ethics 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 What Is Sports Ethics? 2

3
Participated Games 3

3.1 Kabaddi 3

4 Role of Organization and Administration 4

4.1 Introduction 5
4.2 Sports Organisation and Governance 6

7
5 Conclusion
 1

CHAPTER 1
SPORTS ETHICS

1.1 INTRODUCTION
It is now being increasingly realized that sports contribute to the physical, psychological and emotional
well-being of an individual. Sports play a significant role in healthy social development and interaction.
It helps people learn how to set and achieve goals through discipline and hard work. It nurtures the
development of decision-making and leadership abilities, while teaching people to manage both success
and failure. Today, it has become one of the most popular activities being organized at regular intervals.
In its true sense, sports mean much more than just to compete in a few events organized at certain
intervals for the highest honour of one’s state/country. Sports is a human activity that contributes to the
holistic development of individuals. It is recognised as an individual activity which offers the
opportunity for self knowledge, self-expression and fulfilment of personal achievement; skill acquisition
and demonstration of ability; enjoyment, good health and well-being. Sports also engages us in a
collective effort to pursue human excellence.
It provides us an opportunity for social interaction. It is a source of pleasure, but more than that, sports
inspire, bring cultures together, and can bridge social divides. Sports can enrich society and foster
friendships between nations. Sports is also responsible for the application of rules and for adherence to
values such as mutual respect, solidarity and fair play. Sports today, faces the pressures of modern
society and new challenges. When sports events like Olympic games, Common-Wealth Games, Asian
Games or those related to Cricket, Football, Volleyball, Tennis, Hockey or Badminton take place,
millions of spectators, viewers on television, internet or listeners on radio become intensely engaged
even though a selected few participate.
Sports is primarily a competitive activity where winning is the be all and end all. Do you agree with this
statement? Perhaps that is why, in this highly competitive sports environment, we quite often hear about
unethical behaviour which includes cheating, bending the rules, doping, abuse of food additives,
physical and verbal violence, harassment, sexual abuse and trafficking of young sportspersons,
discrimination, exploitation, unequal opportunities, unethical sports practices, unfair means, excessive
commercialisation, use of drugs in sports and corruption. These are just a few examples of what may go
wrong with sports. There is not just one reason for these, part of the problem is that people ignore ethics
 while making decisions. It is in this context that ethics occupy a critical place. In the present chapter we
shall discuss various dimensions of sports ethics.

1.2WHAT IS SPORTS ETHICS?

Ethics is much more than playing within the rules, as it covers notions such as friendship, respect for others
and the sporting spirit. Institutions and adults must be the guarantors of the right to play sport and games.
Before discussing various dimensions of sports ethics, it is important to understand the meaning of ethics.
Ethics, morals and values are used interchangeably in everyday language, though these terms are not
synonyms. The concept of ethics is technically understood as a branch of philosophy that defines what is
good for the individual and society and establishes the nature of obligations, or duties, that people owe
themselves and to one another. But without going into the complexities of this concept, it is relevant to
understand ethics as the practice of making principled choices between right and wrong: a code of conduct
that guides human behaviour, a set of standards that guides our conduct.

It is generally viewed as the system or set of rules, norms or laws by which attitudes and actions are
determined to be either “right or wrong”. The fundamental problem of ethics is determining what constitutes
proper conduct. It defines how individuals, professionals in different fields, organisations, associations,
federation and corporations choose to interact with one another. In view of the above, sports ethics is a
positive concept that guides human action in sports. It is defined as the code of conduct for promoting and
ensuring healthy sporting practices. Sports ethics signifies not just a certain form of behaviour but also a
particular way of thinking. It promotes fair play among children and young persons via educational and
preventive measures and encourages the dissemination of good practices to promote diversity in sport and
combat all forms of discrimination.

Every child and young person has the right to play sport and games to gain satisfaction from the experience.
The code of sports ethics applies to all levels of skills and commitment, recreational activities as well as
competitive sport. It involves the elimination of all types of negative behaviour on and off the field. More
importantly, it promotes equity and sporting excellence. Sports ethics is also focused on equity in sport
which should be an expression of human excellence. It has two dimensions:

Institutional: Discrimination based on criteria other than performance must be rejected, rules must be
applied uniformly and without resorting to arbitrary decisions;

Personal: There is a moral obligation to abide by the rules, in accordance with the principles of fair play. It
tries to ensure that sporting excellence must be an expression of human excellence and performance and
results should emerge from the deserved and meritorious development of individual talent. The codes of
sports ethics documented by the Olympic Committee and other international and national sports bodies,
governments, sports federations and associations, sports sponsoring concerns and specialised research
institutions provide a comprehensive view of sports ethics. These clearly suggest that sports ethics is a set of
standards that guide the conduct of all concerned with sports — the sports persons, trainers, referees,
managers, administrators, parents, teachers, journalists, doctors and pharmacists, nutritional expert, sports
sponsoring concerns, top level

CHAPTER 2
MORAL VALUES IN SPORTS AND GAMES

We all have dreams. But in order to make dreams come into reality, it takes an awful lot of determination,
dedication, self-discipline, and effort - Jesse Owens Morality is a human effort to define what is right and
what is wrong about our actions and thoughts. It is the sum total of those norms and principles which are
universal and make human life better on our planet with an aim to exclude those which are inhuman and
barbarous. These standard norms which an individual is supposed to follow to lead a good life are the best
thoughts of our best persons.

Morality as it relates to our behaviour works on three levels. In the opinion of renowned thinker, scholar
and writer C.S. Lewis, it -(1) ensures fair play and harmony between individuals; (2) helps to make us
good people in order to have a good society; and (3) keeps us in a good relationship with the power that
created us (qtd. in. “Morality”). Religion, sociology, philosophy, anthropology and more than these one’s
own conscience are some of the areas from which we receive such standard norms of morality. Hence, it
is a symbol of goodness. Morality is reflected through moral values which make us civilized and cultured
and guide us to lead an excellent life without harming others. These moral values can be very practically
imbued in the minds of the sportspersons through their games. Since the development of multiple modern
civilizations throughout the world, sports and games play a vital role to curb the behaviour of the young
generations. They learn in the fields of sports what they cannot learn in schools, at religious places or at
their homes. Players learn moral lessons through practical ways with live examples in sports arena. They
imbibe moral lessons in the fields of sports and games by way of both imitation and initiation. They learn
to play the games by imitating those exemplary excellent players who were/are good in their games and
display outstanding game spirit in and out of the field. They learn to play their games as it ought to be
played instead of playing it in immoral ways.

The first chapter a player learns in the field of sports is this that winning is not everything, but the
necessary element of sports is to participate with sport spirit which is above any medal. It develops a
 sense of fair competition in the players. Unfair competition yields unfair result which in one way or the
other makes the players feel that they are not real winners. So, this idea of fair competition teaches the
players to be unbiased and fair in their private and social life in order to be a good person. Sports and
Games do not only make the players physically strong but they also sharpen their mental capacity. The
popular ancient Greek proverb that a healthy mind resides in a healthy body that seems very relevant. A
healthy mind always thinks about the welfare of the society. A sick and feeble body hardly develops a
brilliant mind in it. Patients with deadly aliments are recovered by the power of various yogic asanas and
practices. Multiple Sports activities help the sick to cope with their diseases and come back with flying
colours in the mainstream of our society.

CHAPTER 3
PARTICIPATED GAMES
3.1 Kabaddi
Kabaddi is a traditional team sport that originated in ancient India and is popular across South Asia. The
game is played between two teams of seven players each, on opposite halves of a field or court. The
objective is for a player, known as the “raider,” to run into the opposing team’s half, tag as many defenders
as possible, and return to their own half without being tackled, all while holding their breath and chanting
"kabaddi".
Points are scored for each defender tagged, while the opposing team earns points for stopping the raider. The
game requires a combination of strength, strategy, and agility2. Kabaddi is known by various names in
different regions, such as “chedugudu” in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, “ha-du-du” in West Bengal and
Bangladesh, and “hu-tu-tu” in Western India1.
Kabaddi has a rich history and cultural significance, with references to the game found in ancient Indian
texts. It was formalized as a competitive sport in the early 20th century and has since gained international
recognition, being included in events like the Asian Games12.
Team photos:
 5

CHAPTER 4
ROLE OF ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

Introduction
Sports activities have always been remained dynamical and have made relations between nations who were
once fighting against each other at war(s). Earlier, hunting and fighting were commonly used as recreational
activities or for leisure. 1 Sports activities get countries together for a common goal and purpose. Sports
demonstrate how the society has been transformed from Vedic times to present. Chess, polo, wrestling, bow
& arrow are some of the games that began in India during the Vedic times. Sports evolved through times,
and now it is an integral part of our society. As we know that sports activities now do not only confine to
leisure but more than that, it is a profession now for sportsperson and other people involved in it. Society’s
development led to the development of sports also, which made it more complex and organized in nature.
Sports were considered and played as a reputation of a nation and during a sports event nation’s pride was at
stake. Olympics development changed the dynamics of whole sports activities, it led to overall growth and
development of sports culture at the global level.2 Different sports were represented at international level, as
teams represented their country under various different activities in Olympic Games. Similarly, India has
seen development in sports and Indian team’s represents the nation in various sports events been played at
an international level like Asian Games, World Tournaments etc. In India, sports are regulated and governed
by governing bodies. These bodies organise, conduct and promote sports events. Like hosting and
organizing Asian games, Commonwealth games, world cup for cricket, hockey etc.

in India. Along with changing dynamics of sports India has also seen the poor administration and regulation
in sporting activities recently, due to which the desired and objectives could not be achieved as targeted by
the country, like poor performance by sportspersons. Loopholes in administration, with no minimum
facilities for athletes, infrastructural problems, financial scams etc. 4.2. Sports Organization and Governance
Sports have not only been considered as a recreational activity but it is a pride of a nation. It is a way
forward to education, development; promote health etc. which has been also mentioned in the United
Nations resolution adopted in the year 2003, by the General Assembly.

This increased in the number of overall participations by countries and players. This would demand more
support from administration to be more active and provide facilities for the sports activities and participants.
With the changing times, there has been professionalization of sports globally, which includes international
viewers, customers, and it has also created a big market for commodities to be traded. Professionalization of
sports has different advantages like awareness of education, performance standards to be followed, wages
(minimum), and investments in sports activities. With the new and developing sports industry more finance
is required which the problem is often of nations. There is also the question regarding 6

the present model of governance with the changing scenario. Should the government’s role in governance
model be more active and direct?
Now dealing with the present model of governance in India, which includes the governing bodies like:
 Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MYAS)
 National Sports Federation (NSF)
 Indian Olympic Association (IOA)
 State Olympic Association (SOA)
 Sports Authority of India (SAI)
Governing bodies guides the sport's governance in the country. These are government and autonomous
bodies with their specific objectives of overall growth and development of sports activities. The
responsibility of MYAS and SAI is to assist financially and also provide infrastructure, while, IOA and
SOA are autonomous bodies and their function is to provide assistance to represent the nation at global
events and tournaments, this also includes sports promotion and organisation of games events at national
level. Along with these governing bodies
Some other governing bodies specially established to promote and conduct non- Olympic games, like
cricket, that is controlled and regulated by the BCCI, Athletics Federation of India, All India Football
Federation, Hockey India etc5. these autonomous bodies are affiliated to the international bodies for the
same, Generally, there is no government intervention as it is restricted by these international federations as
per their charters, which is also protection to these federations. All these bodies and federations are
registered under the Societies Registration Act of XXI, 1860 as societies.
MYAS is under the Political Responsibility, headed by the cabinet minister and same is managed by the
National Sports Federations (NSFs). BCCI is neither regulated nor controlled by NSF. At present, there are
70 NSFs in the country.
Sports Authority of India (SAI) is behind all kinds of support to the ministry. It provides infrastructure, all
required equipment for training purpose, and coaching, training facilities to the youth who see future in
sports activities, which makes them competition ready.
Now, Indian Olympic Association (IOA) which was established by the Dorabji Tata in the year 1927, the
association is mainly responsible for Indian teams’ participation in Olympics, Asian, South- Asian and
Commonwealth Games. National Federations and State Olympic Associations are affiliated and recognized
by IOA6. Selections into national team are done by the respective National Federations and then
recommendation goes to the IOA for the official sponsorship for the participation in the games under the
International

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
Engaging in regular physical activity may produce improvements in an individual’s physical health,
cognitive performance, and psychological well-being. Physical benefits include, but are not limited to,
reduced risk for diseases, and improvements in physical functioning, fitness, and overall quality of life.
Literature supports a link between exercise and cognitive benefits related to academic performance, brain
function, and aging. Psychological benefits incurred from physical activity pertain to improvements in mood
and self-esteem, and potential reductions in stress, anxiety, and depression. Strong scientific evidence
indicates that adopting a physical activity regimen may positively impact health. However, individuals react
differently to exercise and may face unique challenges and barriers when beginning and maintaining an
exercise program. One may engage in behavioural modification strategies to enhance physical activity.
Useful strategies include: identifying personally perceived barriers to physical activity, increasing self-
efficacy, effectively setting goals, planning for setbacks, and self-monitoring progress. Physical fitness,
exercise frequency, and physical injury are key factors affecting physical fitness and have a serious impact
on public health. The decline in physical fitness quality among students is attributed to the emphasis on
academic results rather than physical education, and physical education teaching should focus more on the
training of physical quality