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11 views3 pages

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Uploaded by

Haseeb Ahmad
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ASSIGNMENT

Subject/Course
History of Art & Culture

Submitted by
Rukhsar Israr

Submitted to
Ms. Zuniya Asim

Date of Submission
24th November, 2023

Department/Faculty
Fashion Designing & Merchandising
PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD
Prehistory is made up of every point in time since the beginning of the universe, though for world history
it is usually used to refer to the span of time between the evolution of the first Humans to the development
of writing. In Egypt, prehistory is thought to have ended around 3200 BC.

Division and Introduction

Historians use a three-age system to divide up the ages of Human progress in Eurasia. These are:

• The Stone Age


• The Bronze Age
• The Iron Age

STONE AGE

The Stone Age lasted for 3.4 million years and ended between 8,700
BC and 2,000 BC. During this age, Humans used stone tools such as
axes as shown in figure 1.
Figure 1: Stone age living standards
The Stone Age is divided into three periods:

➢ The Palaeolithic or 'Old Stone' period - Five Essential Facts


1.
Humans originated in Africa
2.
Humans were nomadic and lived in temporary huts or caves.
3.
Small tribes of Humans would travel to look for food, usually berries, deer or bison.
4.
Humans would paint depictions of hunts on cave walls, some of these cave paintings can
still be seen today
5. Fire was discovered in this era
➢ The Mesolithic or 'Middle Stone' period - Five Essential Facts
1. This period lasted from the end of the Ice Age until the discovery of farming
2. Humans developed hunting techniques by carving small pointed stones for arrows and
spears
3. Humans began to domesticate animals in this period
4. Though Humans were still hunter-gatherers, they began to settle in more permanent
structures
5. In some places, the invention of pottery happened in the Mesolithic era

➢ The Neolithic or 'New Stone' period - Five Essential Facts


1. In this period Humans began to cultivate land and grow crops, this is called agriculture
2. The wheel was invention, making it easier to transport things across long distances
3. The sail was invented, allowing Humans to cross oceans and improve fishing techniques
4. The plough was invented which in turn led to increased food
5. The increase in food led to an increase in population
THE BRONZE AGE

The Bronze Age started at around 3300 BC and ended between 1200 BC and
600 BC. During this age, Humans discovered how to work metals with low
melting points such as copper and tin, and this led to the discovery of bronze.

Although Humans were still unable to use iron due to its high melting point,
working with bronze allowed them to refine their techniques and create more
effective tools and weapons as shown in figure 2. This led to further
improvements in hunting techniques and agriculture. Figure 2: Bronze age
living standards
THE IRON AGE

The Iron Age started in about 1200 BC and has different end points for different countries across the world,
with some moving out of the Iron Age as early as 700 BC.

When Humans discovered how to use iron to make tools, bronze was soon replaced as iron was cheaper
and more plentiful, meaning many more people had access to the tools they needed. Iron is a much stronger
metal than bronze and the ability to make tools and weapons from iron led to a period of significant
technological progress for humanity.

During the Iron Age Humans began to build forts, establish large religions, wage wars and develop their
society with advancements in language and medicine.

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