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NDC

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Vilas
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What exactly is the NDC in

MSA?
Aktualisiert: 18. Juni 2021
What exactly is the NDC in MSA? We’ve been asked this question a few
times lately so thought it would be a pertinent point to post!
When conducting statistical data analysis you need more than just the data
generated by the manufacturing process [the Part Variation (PV)], you also
need to be sure of the trustworthiness of the measurement process. A
Measurement System Analysis (MSA) calculation explores how much
variation in results comes from the measurement equipment (e.g. scales,
calipers, micrometers, etc) and other factors (such as the people doing the
measuring). The purpose of MSA is to use the results obtained to refine a
production process and eliminate errors, as it relates to quality control.

The ndc is one of the criterion used by the MSA to determine the sensitivity
of the measuring equipment. It indicates the “Number of Distinct Categories”
that can be clearly distinguished by the measurement system being used.

The formula for calculation is NDC = 1.41*(PV/GR&R)


Where:
 PV = Part Variation – the real variation of the parts manufactured
 GR&R = Gauge Variation – the variation of the measurement
process
Gauge Repeatability refers to the ability of a single operator (often a person)
to get the same result repeatedly; Gauge Reproducibility refers to the
measurements of multiple operators falling within a tight range.
Note that the GR&R measures only the variability in measurements – it does
not reveal anything about their accuracy, which can only be assured through
calibration, so if inaccurate (junk!) measurement data goes into the
calculation in the first place, you’ll get useless results to work off of.
Statistically-speaking the ndc is the number of non-overlapping 97%
confidence intervals that will span the expected PV or in other words it
represents the number of groups within your product or process data that
your measurement system can discern. In layman’s terms, using this
graphical representation, the ndc tells you how many times the GR&R curves
fit within the PV curve – the more times the better i.e. the more sensitive
your measurement equipment is.

How to interpret the results of the ndc calculation:


The resulting value tells you if the measurement equipment is sensitive
enough. The higher this number, the better chance the tool has in discerning
one part from another and the guidelines for interpretation are listed below:
 ndc ≥ 5 – acceptable measurement equipment

 ndc < 5 – rejected measurement equipment - more sensitive


equipment needs to be used
 ndc < 2 is considered too low to interpret because there is
nothing to make comparisons between
 ndc = 2 – this is a suboptimal result as the data can only be
divided into two groups (high level and low-level data)
 ndc = 3 – this is also a suboptimal result as the data can only
be divided into 3 groups, say low, middle and high

What actions should be taken for ndc scores of < 5?


 To increase ndc you need to increase your part variation (PV) or
decrease the measurement variation (GR&R), or both.
 Switching from a caliper to a micrometer does decrease GR&R,
but it may not have much of an effect if the PV is small.
 If you used very similar parts in your study you may need to re-
conduct the study using a true representation of PV, not simply
ideal parts. You need to ensure that the parts selected for
measurement represent the full spectrum of variation.

 Increase the precision of your measurement tools.


ENCONA provides training and consulting services to the manufacturing
industry, via our global network of experienced industry professionals and
subject matter experts.

For questions please contact enquiries@encona.org

Article contributed by our Subject Matter Expert: Vitor Ferreira

REFERENCES: AIAG Measurement System Analysis Reference Manual


– 4th edition

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