Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Chandigarh Region

Pre-Board examination 2024-25

Class X Science (086)
Marking Scheme
Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed 3 hrs

S. No. SECTION - A M.M.

1. (b) Sublimation of dry ice 1
2. (a) cotyledons 1
3. (a) 46 1
4. (c) Al2O3 1
5. (c) are genetically similar 1
6. (c) Zinc 1
7. (c) Cytokinin 1
8. (a) Nitric acid and Hydrochloric acid 1
9. (c) Ketone 1
10. (c) Vein 1
11. (d) population of tiger decrease and grass increases 1
12. (b) I & II 1
13. (c) 1

14. (d) 10 A 1

15. (a) Difference in density 1

16. (b) Blue 1
17. (a) 1

18. (c) 1

19. (a) 1
20. (a) 1
Section - B
21. (a) (i) Starch (ii) ATP 1+1

22. (i) The precipitate formed is the compound Lead iodide of yellow colour. 1½ +
½
Pb(NO3 )2 (aq) + 2KI(aq) → PbI2 (s) ↓ + 2KNO3 (aq)
Leadnitrate Potassiumiodide Leadiodide(precipitated) Potssiumnitrate
(Yellowcolour)

(ii) Double displacement, No.

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 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Chandigarh Region
Pre-Board examination 2024-25
Class X Science (086)
Marking Scheme
Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed 3 hrs

23. The fizzing will occur strongly in test tube A, that contains hydrochloric acid HCl. 2
This is because HCl is a stronger acid than CH3COOH, hence the reaction with
magnesium would occur vigorously and hydrogen gas would be released at a faster
speed (due to which fizzing occurs).
OR
Formic acid (or methanoic acid) is present in the ant sting. The chemical formula is
HCOOH. By applying some wet baking soda on the affected area, it gives relief.
24. Mendel explained this phenomenon with the help of monohybrid cross. In a 2
monohybrid cross performed by Mendel, tall plant was crossed with a dwarf plant
which produced all tall plants in F1, progeny.
However, when these F1, tall plants were crossed with each other, both tall and dwarf
pea plants were obtained in F2 generation. Reappearance of the dwarf pea plants
in F2 generation proves that the dwarf trait was inherited but not expressed in F1,
generation.
Parent Tall(TT) × Dwarf (tt)
↓
F1 generation Tt Tt
Selfing
F2generation TT Tt Tt tt
So, dwarfness traits of plants (pea plant) were not lost but are suppressed in the F1,
generation and thus reappears in F2 generation.
25. (i) The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and 1+1
anterior chamber.
(ii) The iris is the coloured circle surrounding the pupil. It changes the size of the
pupil and allows different amounts of light to enter the eye.
(iii) The pupil is a hole located in the centre of the iris of the eye that allows light to
strike the retina.
Or as per NCERT.
26. ½*4

SECTION-C
27. (i) The compound P is calcium phosphate. 1+1+1
(ii) It undergoes damage when the bacteria present in the mouth work on the leftover
food particles and produce acid.
(iii) To prevent tooth decay toothpaste basic is used which neutralises the excess acid.

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 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Chandigarh Region
Pre-Board examination 2024-25
Class X Science (086)
Marking Scheme
Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed 3 hrs

28. (i) This condition is called presbyopia. 1+1+1

(ii) This defect occurs in old age due to the gradual weakening of the ciliary muscle
and the eye lens becoming inflexible (or rigid).
(iii) A bifocal lens is often required by persons suffering from this defect.

Or as per NCERT.
29. (a) The most advantageous food chain to human beings in terms of energy will 1+1+1
be cereal plant → human being.
(b) Possible disadvantage of cereal growing in pesticide rich soil is that it will
accumulate chemicals in the successive trophic levels.
(c) The food chain including the above-mentioned organisms will be:
Cereal plant → goat → human being → rat → snake → hawk.
Or as per NCERT.
30. (i) Green is the dominant trait and in the F1 progeny, only the dominant trait has 1+1+1
expressed The colour of the stem in the F1 progeny will be green.

(ii) If F1 plants are self-pollinated, the ratio of brown stemmed plants to green
stemmed plants in the F2 progeny is 1:3. So the ratio of brown stemmed plants in F2
progeny is 25%.

(iii) 1:2:1
Or as per NCERT.

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 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Chandigarh Region
Pre-Board examination 2024-25
Class X Science (086)
Marking Scheme
Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed 3 hrs

31. (1) Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms in diamond. A 1+1+1
lot of energy is needed to separate the atoms. This is because covalent bonds are
strong. This is the reason why diamond has a high melting point.
(2) In a graphite molecule, one valence electron of each carbon atom remains free,
thus making graphite a good conductor of electricity. Whereas in diamond, they
have no free mobile electron. Hence there won't be flow of electrons That is
the reason behind diamond are bad conductor electricity.
(3) Ethyne (acetylene) burn with a sooty flame because ethyne is an unsaturated
hydrocarbon and the percentage of carbon in these hydrocarbons is comparatively
higher which does not get oxidised completely in oxygen of air.
OR
(i) Preparation of 5% Potassium permanganate: 5%solution of KMnO4 is prepared by
dissolving 5 grams of KMnO4 in 100ml of water.
(ii) Role of alkaline potassium permanganate
Alkaline potassium permanganate is adding oxygen to alcohol and converts it to
acid.
Hence, it acts as an oxidizing agent.
alkKMnO4 +heat
(iii) C2 H5 OH → CH3 COOH
Ethanol Ethanoicacid

Or as per NCERT.
32. (a) It is defined as the space surrounding the magnet in which magnetic force can be 2+1
experienced.
Necessary parameters are:
• Magnitude of magnetic field.
• Direction of field lines
(b) If field lines of a magnetic field are crossed at a point, it indicates that there are
two direction of magnetic field at a point which is not possible.

33. Vegetative propagation advantages are: (Any three) 3

-Produces the same output as the parent. It helps maintain the next generation of
useful parent characters.
-Produced flowers are of superior quality.
-It is possible to preserve the desirable characteristics of the fruit.
-Plants which do not have viable seeds can replicate themselves.
-The process allows seedless varieties such as banana, orange, rose, jasmine, etc. to be
produced.
OR
Along the path of vas deferens, glands such as prostate and seminal vesicles add their
secretions so that sperms are now in a fluid that makes their transport easy and this
fluid provides nutrition also to sperms.

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 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Chandigarh Region
Pre-Board examination 2024-25
Class X Science (086)
Marking Scheme
Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed 3 hrs

SECTION – D
34. The balanced chemical reactions are- 1+1+1

(a) (i) Al2O3 + 6HCl(l) → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

(ii) K2O + H2O(l) → 2KOH

(iii) 3Fe + 4H2O(l) → Fe3O4 + 4H2

(b) As X replaces iron from its salt solution, X is more reactive than iron. It will also
replace copper from copper sulphate solution and silver from silver nitrate as both are 2
less reactive than iron. As zinc is more reactive than iron, X can be more or less
reactive than zinc. Then the order of their reactivities can be

Ag < Cu < Fe < Zn < X or Ag < Cu < Fe < X < Zn.

OR
(a) (i) The malleability, ductility and low reactivity properties of gold make it suitable
for ornaments.
1+1+1
(ii) Silver and gold.
(iii) Gallium and caesium have so low melting points that they melt even on
keeping them on palm.
2

35. Given, 2
The focal length of the concave mirror f = - 20 cm
The distance of the image from the mirror v = - 30 cm
The height of the object is h = 4 cm
We have to find the distance between the mirror and the object u
Solution
1/f = 1/v + 1/u
1/u = 1/f - 1/v
1/u = - 1/20 +1/30
u = -60

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 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Chandigarh Region
Pre-Board examination 2024-25
Class X Science (086)
Marking Scheme
Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed 3 hrs

Hence, the object is 60 m from the mirror.

Now
We know that the magnification by the mirror
(−v)u=h′/h ( h' = magnified image)
30−60=h′/4
h′=−2cm
Hence, The size of the formed image is 2 cm and the image is inverted

1+1+1

(b)
OR
(a) The diverging lights become concentrated and directed after getting reflected on
the surface. That is why we use concave mirrors in headlights. (ii) Convex mirror in 1+1
the rearview mirror: The convex mirror always produces an erect, diminished and
virtual image.
3
(b) Given that u=−15cm f=20cm
Now, By lens formula
1f =1v−1u
1v =110−120
⇒v =20 cm
The image gets formed at 20 cm to the right of the lens and it will be diminished,
inverted and real in nature.
36. (I) Chemical substances which help the plant to coordinate its growth and 1+1
development. 1
(i) Auxins/ Gibberellins
(ii) Cytokinin 1
(iii) Abscisic Acid / ABA 1
(iv) Auxins/ Gibberellins
OR

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 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Chandigarh Region
Pre-Board examination 2024-25
Class X Science (086)
Marking Scheme
Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed 3 hrs

1
1

(II) (a) 1
(b) Forebrain which includes cerebrum, olfactory lobes and diencephalon, is the main
thinking part of the brain.
(ii) Cerebellum, part of hindbrain is responsible for maintaining the posture and
balance of the body
(iii) Reflex action is an automatic and spontaneous response to a stimulus. The
pathway taken by nerve impulses and responses in a reflex action is called a reflex
arc. It consists of receptor, sensory nerve (afferent), spinal cord, motor nerve
(efferent) and effector (muscles or glands). Reflex arc is evolved in animals because
the thinking process of the brain is not fast enough. Reflex arc enables the body to
give quick responses to harmful stimuli so that chances of damage to body are
decreased. It also prevents overloading of brain, so prevents its fatigue.
Or as per NCERT.
SECTION – E
37. (i) R1=3Ω
R2=4Ω 1
R3=6Ω
Potential difference across each resistor V=6V
Total resistance, 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
1/Req = 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/6
= 4+3+2/12
=9/12
4/3 Ω
(ii) I1 = V/R1 1
=6/3 = 2A
I2 = V/R2
=6/4 = 1.5A
I3 = V/R3
= 6/6 =1A
(iii) Step 1: Given data 1
Power of the bulb, P=750W

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 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Chandigarh Region
Pre-Board examination 2024-25
Class X Science (086)
Marking Scheme
Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed 3 hrs

Potential difference, VP=220V

Current flowing through the electric iron, I=?
Resistance of the electric iron, R=?
Step 2: Formula used
P=I×VP ………………………..(a)
P=I2×R ……………………….(b)
Step 3: Calculation of the current flowing through the electric iron
Substituting the given values in equation (a), we get
750W=I×220V
I=750/220A
I=3.41A
Step 4: Calculation of the resistance of the electric iron
Substituting the value of current obtained above and the given value of power in the 1
equation (b), we get
750W=(3.41A)2×R
R=750 / 3.41×3.41Ω
R=64.5Ω
Hence, the resistance of the electric iron is equal to 64.5Ω.

OR
Energy consumed =VIt=P×t
E=2.5×4×3600J
E=36000J
E=36 kJ
38. i) Oxides of these metals are reduced to metal by simply heating. 1
ii) The sulphide ores are converted into oxides by heating strongly in the presence of 1
excess air. This is called as Roasting. 1
iii) 2Cu2O + 3O2 + heat → 2Cu2O(s) + 2SO2(g) 1
On further heating: 2Cu2O + Cu2S + heat →6 Cu(s) + SO2(g)
iv) Cinnabar.
OR
v) They occur in a free state. Example- Gold
39. (a) Renal artery carriers more impurities which get filtered out in each kidney 1
through nephrons. 1
(b) It expels it out by opening of the sphincter. It is under neural regulation.

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 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Chandigarh Region
Pre-Board examination 2024-25
Class X Science (086)
Marking Scheme
Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed 3 hrs

(c) The urine is formed continuously as the blood is continuously being purified in 1
the kidneys and hence is being sent to the bladder continuously.
(d) Inside our body, the molecules are filtered out based on their solubility and size. 1
Hence, much water is also filtered. However, most nutrients and 90% of water
is reabsorbed back into the blood so that only the impurities and wastes,
dissolved in water are exerted out from the body.
However in dialysis it is only the impurities and wastes that are removed into
the dialysing fluid. There is no reabsorption.

End of Paper