CHEMISTRY PAPER 233/1 K.C.S.

E 1997
MARKING SCHEME
1. - Iron wool turns or rusts due to formation of hydrated iron (III) oxide
- Level of water inside the tube rises to occupy the space left by oxygen
- Level of water in the beaker will fall

2. - Kerosene floats on water therefore it continues to burn

- Carbon dioxide blanket covers the flame OR cuts off the supply of oxygen
3
. Name of polymer Name of monomer One use of the polymer
Polystyrene Styrene ( Phenylethene) Insulation, plastic pipes, Biros, Artificial
rubber, care tyres manufacture of plastics
Polymhyl chloride Vinyl chloride Insulation of electric cables, plastics, plates,
Polychloethane (chloroethane) cups, pipes, making plastic tiles, plastic
polychoeroethane shoes, water tanks

4. - K+, / Na+ / (Lit) and CO32-

5. - B
Give a reason
- B does not form scum / A forms scum
- B is soapless detergent

6. (a) - White solid/ white ring/ white substance

(b) - Nearer to HCI than to NH3
NB. Not to touch the cotton wool

7. (a) - Time taken for a given mass of radioactive isotope to reduce to

Half
(b) No. of t ½ = 100 = 4
25
1 4
5 = ( /2) = M = 80g
M

8. (a) C2H3 = 27
27n = 54
n = 2
MF = (C2H3)2= C4H6
H H

I I
H- C - = - C - C -H
I I
H H
(c) Alkyne/ Alkene
 Depending on the structure
9. (a) - Barium Sulphate (BaSO3)
(b) - BaSO3(s) + 2HCI (aq) →BaCI2(aq) + SO2(aq)
(c) - Changes from orange to green

10. (a) - Pb+ (aq) + SO42-(aq) → PbSO4(s)

(b) RFM of PbSO4 = 207 + 32 ( 16 x 4) = 303
0.63g pf Pb are in 303 x 0.63
207
= 0.92g
11. - Aluminum chloride is covalent while magnesium chloride is ionic

12. - Tetrachlomethane/ carbon tetrachloride

Cl
I
Cl - C - Cl
I
Cl
13. (a) ∆H1 – Bond breaking/ activation Energy
∆ H3 – Energy evolved during reaction
(b) - ∆H3 = ∆H1 + ∆ H2

14. (a) - Yellow solid formed/ yellow substance/ sulphur deposited

(b) - 2S(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g) + S(s)
(c) - In a fume cupboard/ in open air
- Both H2S(g) and Cl2 (g) are poisonous gases (They have irritating/
pungent smell)

15.

16. - 0.5 x 100 = 4000 x 1 T2 = 50 x 500 = 62.5K

T2 500 400

P1V1 = P2V2
T1 T2

1 x 400 = 0.5 x 100

500 T2
T2 = 0.5 x 100x 500
400
 T2 = 62.5 K

17. - H2O(l) – It accepts a proton (H+) forward r x n

- or HO2 – it accepts a proton (H+) Backward r x n

18. (a) - Fe3+

(b) - Oxidizing/ oxidation property
(c) - 2Fe(OH)3(s) →Fe2O3(s) + 3H2O(g) or (l)

19. (a)- Ca(OH)2(aq) + Ca(HCO3)2(aq) →2CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l)

(b) Moles = Volume x Morality
1000
2+
Moles of CO = 90 x 0.01
1000
= 0.009 moles

(c) - It forms scum initially then produces lather

- All the Ca2+ had not been precipitated.
- Water was still hhard

20. ∆H = 500 x 9 x 4.2

∆H = 18900J
18900J produced by 0.6 x 38000
18900
= 12.06
21. - (a) To generate stream which pushes out air
(b) The air would oxidize zinc oxide no gas would be obtained
(c) It is less than air

22. (a) - Thermometer should not be dipped in the mixture thermometer be

at outlet point of condenser
- The direction of water flow is wrong/ condenser wrongly fixed
- Named flask used/ No water bath is used
(b) - Boiling point/ Freezing point
- Density / refractive index
23. a) - period 3 / Third period
- Y3- / p3
-
Ionic radius is large – Atomic radius smaller
- Incoming electron repelled by electron in shell / energy level.
24. a) Cathode - Hydrogen
Anode - Oxygen
b) - It increases
c) - There would be an explosion potassium is very reactive.
- It would react with the solvent.
25. TQRL / LRQT AND LRQT
26. a) -pbO, ZnO, pbO2, SnO,Sno2,Al2O3
b) pb (OH02-4, Zn(OH)2-4, Zn(OH)2-4, Na2pbO2,NaZnO2,
NaAlO2, NaSnO2
27. a) CO2 • • • •

X X •
•
X X
•• • •

b) H3O+ • • +

•
H • H
•
X x

10
28. - No. of moles of hydrogen H2 = /2 = 5 Moles
No. of moles of Nitrogen dioxide NO2 = 46
Relative molecular mass of NO2 = 46
1 Mole of No2 = 5 x 46
5 Moles = 30g
 CHEMISTRY PAPER 233/2 K.C.S.E 1997
MARKING SCHEME.

1. i) C / C2 Hydrogen is used as the reference electrode/ Eθ value is 0.000 / standard

electrode potential.
ii) -2.90
iii)

iv) 2.38 + 0.34 = 2.72

OR
0.34 – ( - 2.38 ) = 2.72
b) i) CU (S) CU2+ (aq) + 2e
OR
CU (S) + e CU2+ (aq)
ii) 0.2 x 5 x 60 x 60 ½ 0.2 x 5 x 60 x 60 x 63.5
= 3600 coulombs.
63.5g Cu requires 2x96500 2 x 96500
3600 C produce 63.5 x 3600 = 1.18gm
2 x 96500
2. a) i) Buta – 1 – ol
ii) Propanoic acid
iii) Ethylethanoate.
b) i) CnH2n n = No. of carbon atoms
ii) 70(not 70g if g = ½ mk)
iii) C5H10; Ch3CH = CHCH2 CH CH3CH = C – Ch3
c) i) Step I……………Hydrogen
Step II ………….. Hydrogen chloride gas. / HCl (g)
Step III ………….. NaOH / soda lime / sodium hydroxide
ii) 2CH (g) + 5O2 (g) 4 CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)

iii) Environmental pollutant

It is not biodegradable / decomposed by bacteria.
3. i) G, H, L (1/2 Mk if 2)
Reason = Have a 1, 2,2 e’d respectively in outer orbit / their
Chlorides have a high M.P easily looses e,s / outer orbital have less than 4 e’s.
ii) HK or Mgs (not KH or smg)
iii) J has strong covalent bonds / has a giant covalent / atomic structure / weak van
der waals between molecules.
iv) +4 /4-
 v) I – M.p of fluoride of G is higher because fluorine is more reactive than chlorine /
forms stronger ionic bonds G than chlorine/Flourone is more electronegative
II – reactivity of L is higher. Reactivity within metallic group increases down the
group and L is below H. L looses e’s easily // L is more electropositive.
4. a) (i) - To lower M.P of NaCl from 800-6000C hence reducing the cost of
production of Na.
(ii) - Steel would react chlorine while graphite will not.
(ii) - M.P lower than that of the electrolyte
- Less dense than that of the eleactrolyte
(iv) - To prevent the chlorine and sodium from mixing / coming into conduct/
prevent products from mixing.
(v) I Cathode Na+ (i) +e- Na (l)
II Anode 2Cl- (l) Cl2 (g) +2e-
(i) Manufacture of Na2O2, NaCN / alloy of Na + Pb to make T.E.L / Liquid
Na – coolant in nuclear reactors / Na vapour used in extraction of titanium.
(b) To prevent from reacting with air and water.

5 a)

(b) (i) 5.3x103 moldm3 (units not necessary/do not penalise)

Change in conc. = (9.6 -4) x 103 = 5.6 x 103
Change in time = 3.7-0 =3.7 min
Rate of reaction 5.6 = 1.51 x 103
3.7
(C) At high concentration the rate of reaction is high because the more particles in
solution collide at high frequency.
 (d) At lower temps; the particles have les K.e / frequency of collision is reduced/ few
particles/ less activation energy.
6. (a) (i) Anhydrous /fused CaCl /CaO /quick lime
(ii) To remove CO2 2Fe O3 (s)
(iii)4Fe(s) + 3O2 (g)
3Fe(s) + 2O2 (g) Fe3 O4 (s)

(iii) Argon // Helium// Krypton // Neon

(iv) Provide low temperature so that semen does not decompose// destroyed (low
temp. tied with storage// decompose/destroyed.
b) (i) Conc. Sulphuric acid.
(ii) NaNO3(s) + H2SO4(l) NaHSO4(s) + HNO3(g) //
NaNO3(s) + H2SO4(l) Na2SO4(s) + 2HNO3
(iii) I To avoid decomposition of nitric acid by sunlight/light
II Copper react with 50% Nitric acid to form colourless NO2 then NO react
with O2 to form brown fumes of NO2.
a) 1 mole NHa4NO3 is formed from 1 M of NH3
80Kg of Nh4NO3 is formed from 17Kg NH3
4800 Kg of NH4NO3 requires 17x4800 kg
80
= 1020Kg (penalise ½ mk if units are missing or wrong.
7. a) (i) To remove excess / unreacted HCL gas.
(ii) S
2HCl(g) + Zn(s) ZnCl2(s) + H2(g)
PbO(s) + H2(g) Pb(s) + H2O (g)
(i) Mass will be lower at the end of the experiment because the combined O2 in PbO is
removed/reduced.
b) (i) I To produce HCl gas /HCl(g)
II To oxidize HCl (g) to chlorine gas/produce chlorine gas.
(ii) Sodium hypochlorite/ NaOCl / Sodium chlorate
(iii) Kill germs /disinfectant/antiseptic
c) MgCl2 requires 2 mol of Ag.NO3
Moles of MgCl2 = 1.9 =0.02
95
Moles of AgNO3 = 1.9 x 2 = 0.04
95
R.F.M of AgNO3 = 170
Mass of AgNO3 = 1.9x2x170 = 0.04x170
95
= 6.8 gm