Relations-and-Functions

1
Objectives:
 Determine Functions and Relations
 Evaluate Functions and Piece-wise
Functions
 Represent real-life situations using
functions, including piece-wise
functions.
2
Some Definitions-
 A relation between two variables x and y
is a set of ordered pairs
 An ordered pair consists of an x and y-

coordinate
 A relation may be viewed as ordered pairs,
mapping design, table, equation, or written in
sentences
 x-values are input, independent variable,

domain.
 y-values are output, dependent variable,

range
3
Example 1:
What makes this a relation?
{(0, 5),(1, 4),(2, 3),(3, 2),(4, 1),(5, 0)}
•What is the domain?

{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
4
Example 2 –
Is this a relation?
Input 4 –5 0 9 –1
Output –2 7
•What is the domain?

{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
•What is the range?
{-2, 7}
5
Is a relation a function?
What is a function?
According to a textbook, “a
function is…a relation in which
every input has exactly one
output”
6
Is a relation a function?
•Focus on the x-coordinates, when given a relation
If the set of ordered pairs has different x-coordinates,

it IS A function
same x-coordinates,
If the set of ordered pairs has
it is NOT a function
•Y-coordinates have no bearing in

determining functions
7
Example 3
{(0, 5),(1, 4),(2, 3),(3, 2),(4, 1),(5, 0)}
•Is this a relation?

YES
•Is this a function?
•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
YES
8
Example 4
{(–1, 7),(1, 0),(2, 3),(0, 8),(0, 5),(–2, 1)}
•Is this a function?

•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
NO
•Is this still a relation?
YES
9
Example 5
Which relation mapping represents a
function?
Choice One Choice Two
3 –1 2 2
1 2 –1 3
0 3 3 –2
0
Choice 1
10
Vertical Line Test
•Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function
if a vertical line drawn through its graph,
passes through only one point.
AKA: “The Pencil Test”

Take a pencil and move it from left to right
(–x to x); if it crosses more than one point,
it is not a function
11
Vertical Line Test
Would this
graph be a
function?
YES
12
Vertical Line Test
Would this
graph be a
function?
NO
13
REPRESENTATION OF
FUNCTIONS IN REAL-LIFE
SITUATIONS
14
Example 7
Which situation represents a function?
a. The items in a store to their prices on a

certain date
b. Types of fruits to their colors
There is only one price for each A fruit, such as an apple, from the
different item on a certain date. The domain would be associated with
relation from items to price makes it a more than one color, such as red and
function. green. The relation from types of fruits
to their colors is not a function.
15
Domain and Range in Real Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be
expressed by the equation y = 2x.
What is the independent variable?

The # of pairs of shoes.
What is the dependent variable?
The total # of shoes.
16
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four hours to
get there. The distance he travels at any time, t, is
represented by the function d = 55t (his average speed is
55mph.

The time that he drives.

The total distance traveled.
17
Johnny bought at most 10 tickets to a concert for him and
his friends. The cost of each ticket was $12.50.
Complete the table below to list the possible domain and
range.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12.50 25.00 37.50 50 62.50 75 87.50 100 112.50 125

The number of tickets bought.
The total cost of the tickets.
18
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
9/7/2023 7:03 AM 1-6 Relations and Functions 19

9/7/2023 7:03 AM 1-6 Relations and Functions 20
Definition:
Piecewise Function –a function

defined by two or more functions
over a specified domain.
What do they look like?
x2 + 1 , x  0
f(x) = x–1, x0
You can EVALUATE piecewise

functions.
You can GRAPH piecewise functions.
Evaluating Piecewise Functions:
Evaluating piecewise functions is just

like evaluating functions that you are
already familiar with.
Let’s calculate f(2).
x2 + 1 , x  0
f(x) = x–1, x0
You are being asked to find y when
x = 2. Since 2 is  0, you will only
substitute into the second part of the
function.
f(2) = 2 – 1 = 1
Let’s calculate f(-2).
x2 + 1 , x  0
f(x) = x–1, x0
You are being asked to find y when
x = -2. Since -2 is  0, you will only
substitute into the first part of the
function.
f(-2) = (-2)2 + 1 = 5
Your turn:
2x + 1, x  0
f(x) = 2x + 2, x  0
Evaluate the following:

?
f(-2) = -3 f(5) = 12
?
f(0) = 2? f(1) = 4?
One more:
3x - 2, x  -2
f(x) = -x , -2  x  1
x2 – 7x, x  1
Evaluate the following:
f(-2) = 2? ?
f(3) = -12
?
f(-4) = -14 f(1) = -6?
Graphing Piecewise Functions:
x2 + 1 , x  0
f(x) = x–1 , x0
Determine the shapes of the graphs.

Parabola and Line
Determine the boundaries of each graph.
 
Graph the
parabola where x 
  
is less than zero.
Graph the line

 


where x is greater 
than or equal to

zero.
Graphing Piecewise Functions:
3x + 2, x  -2
f(x) = -x , -2  x  1
x2 – 2, x  1
Determine the shapes of the graphs.
Line, Line, Parabola
Determine the boundaries of each graph.



  


 




Graphing Piecewise Functions
x  4 x  4

g  x   2x  5 4  x  1
 x  3 x 1

Domain -  ,  
Range -  , 7 
3 7  x  4
1
 x2 4  x  0
gx  2
 x  4 0x5

1 5x7
Domain - (-7, 7]
Range - (-4, -2), [-1, 4]

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1

 An ordered pair consists of an x and y-

 x-values are input, independent variable,

 y-values are output, dependent variable,

{(0, 5),(1, 4),(2, 3),(3, 2),(4, 1),(5, 0)}

•What is the domain?

•What is the domain?

If the set of ordered pairs has different x-coordinates,

•Y-coordinates have no bearing in

•Is this a relation?

•Is this a function?

AKA: “The Pencil Test”

a. The items in a store to their prices on a

What is the independent variable?

What is the dependent variable?

The total # of shoes.

What is the independent variable?

What is the dependent variable?

What is the independent variable?

9/7/2023 7:03 AM 1-6 Relations and Functions 19

Piecewise Function –a function

You can EVALUATE piecewise

Evaluating piecewise functions is just

Evaluate the following:

Determine the shapes of the graphs.

Range - (-4, -2), [-1, 4]

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