Grammar- Even Page

Copyright © 2016 by NEO Publishing House
All Rights Reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other
electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of
the author.
Preface
This book has been designed to make the students speak English without
fear and mistakes, and also to clarify the doubts in grammar topics which
may be useful for their academic studies.
The main purpose of this book is to help the students to learn the basics
deeply and give them the strong foundation. So they can construct the
sentences without mistakes while speaking or in writing. For any language
or game basics are very important.
The method of teaching in this book for speaking is by reading a lot of

simple phrases, sentences and conversations aloud and conversing with
yourself, this is also called as “talk to yourself”. This makes you smarter
and also you can speak without hesitation.
Most of the information given in this book is Real English. This means in
everyday life we use simple words, phrases, sentences and small talks.
So please keep practicing every day by reading the sentences

aloud and spontaneous speaking.
The author
CONTENTS
22 Degree of comparison with examples
23 Masculine & Feminine Gender
24 Singular & Plural nouns with Examples
25 Modal Verbs with 180+ Examples
26 Conditional Sentences with 50 examples
Active Voice - Passive Voice

27
(100+ examples with Questions & Answers)
28 Direct & Indirect Speech with Examples

29 Phrasal verbs with 80 examples
30 Conjunctions with 50 Examples
Grammar
31 Types of sentences
32 Gerunds and Infinitives
33 Capitalization (Rules)
34 Punctuation marks
Spoken English
35 Short Answers in all Tenses
36 Questions Tags in all Tenses
37 Interjections with Examples
38 Common Idioms (60) with meanings
39 Commonly used Proverbs (50)
40 Commonly used Expressions (50)
arrive tonight.
For an action that was
happening at a specific event
or time in the past. We use this Tense for For an action that will be
something is happening happening at a specific
now or at this very moment. event or time in the future.
7. Past Perfect 3. Present Perfect 11. Future Perfect
I had eaten an apple I have eaten an I will have eaten

before (by the time) apple. an apple before (by
you came yesterday. the time) you arrive
tonight.
For an action that occurred

Used to describe that an
before another action or time For an action that will
action happened at an
in the past. occur before another
unspecified time before
now. action or time in the
future.
8. Past Perfect 4. Present Perfect 12. Future Perfect

Continuous Continuous Continuous
I will have been eating
I had been eating I have been eating apples for over 2 hours
apples for 2 hours apples for 2 hours. when you arrive tonight.
when you came
yesterday.
Used to tell that an action For an action will continue
started in the past and has up until a particular event
continued up until now. or time in the future.
For an action started in the
past & continued up until
another event or time in the
past.
USE 1: For Habitual / Repeated Actions
We use Present Simple when the action is repeated or usual or general.

The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event.
Structure: Subject + Verb (base form / V1) + Object

Ex: I + drink + coffee.
Note: For third person singulars add s / es / ies to the verb

Ex: He + drinks + coffee.
Signal / clue words
Adverbs: Always, usually, frequently, often, sometimes, occasionally,

rarely / seldom and never. Note that the adverbs of frequency usually go
before the verb.
Time expressions made up of two or more words. Ex : One hour a day,

once a day, every morning, a night , every day, every Sunday, every
weekend, on Sundays, on weekdays, on weekends, once a week, once a
month etc.
Time expressions are placed either at the beginning or the end of a
sentence and usually at the end of questions.
1. Positive / Affirmative sentences

With subject “I”
1. I usually wake up at 6 o’clock.
2. I brush my teeth twice a day.
3. I always wash my hands before eating.
4. I eat chapati for dinner every day.
5. I never drink coffee at breakfast.
6. I go out with my friends on weekends.
7. I give him money whenever he needs.
7. She gives us money whenever we need.
8. She works as a teacher at a private school.
9. She does her housework every morning.
10. She sometimes has lunch at restaurants.
11. She plays tennis five days a week.
12. She rarely checks her Email on Hotmail.
It / The baby / The dog / Snoopy etc.

1. It usually wakes up at 6 o’clock.
2. It brushes its teeth twice a day.
3. It always washes its legs before eating.
4. It eats chapati for dinner every day.
5. It goes to the park every Sunday.
6. It comes back home by six o’clock.
We / My brother and I / John and I etc.

1. We usually wake up at 6 o’clock.
2. We brush our teeth twice a day.
3. We always wash our hands before eating.
4. We eat chapati for dinner every day.
5. We never drink coffee at breakfast.
6. We go out with our friends on weekends.
7. We give them money whenever they need.
8. We work as teachers at a private school.
9. We do our housework every morning.
10. We sometimes have lunch at restaurants.
11. We play tennis five days a week.
12. We rarely check our Email on Hotmail.
They / My friends / Your friends / John and Mary etc.

1. They usually wake up at 6 o’clock.
2. They brush their teeth twice a day.
3. They always wash their hands before eating.
4. They eat chapati for dinner every day.
2. He doesn’t brush his teeth twice a day.
3. He doesn’t always wash his hands before eating.
4. He doesn’t eat chapati for dinner every day.
5. He doesn’t drink coffee at breakfast.
6. He doesn’t go out with his friends on weekends.
7. He doesn’t give me money whenever I need.
8. He doesn’t work as a teacher at a private school.
9. He doesn’t do his housework every morning.
10. He doesn’t have lunch at restaurants very often.
11. He doesn’t play tennis five days a week.
12. He doesn’t check his Email on Hotmail regularly.
She / My sister / Your sister / Mary etc.

1. She doesn’t usually wake up at 6 o’clock.
2. She doesn’t brush her teeth twice a day.
3. She doesn’t always wash her hands before eating.
4. She doesn’t eat chapati for dinner every day.
5. She doesn’t drink coffee at breakfast.
6. She doesn’t go out with her friends on weekends.
7. She doesn’t give us money whenever we need.
8. She doesn’t work as a teacher at a private school.
9. She doesn’t do her housework every morning.
10. She doesn’t have lunch at restaurants very often.
11. She doesn’t play tennis five days a week.
12. She doesn’t check her Email on Hotmail regularly.

1. It doesn’t usually wake up at 6 o’clock.
2. It doesn’t brush its teeth twice a day.
3. It doesn’t always wash its legs before eating.
4. It doesn’t eat chapati for dinner every day.
5. It doesn’t go to the park on weekdays.
6. It doesn’t come back home by six o’clock.

You / Your brother and you / John and you etc.
1. Do you usually wake up at 6 o’clock?
2. Do you brush your teeth twice a day?
3. Do you always wash your hands before eating?
4. Do you eat chapati for dinner every day?
5. Do you ever drink coffee at breakfast?
6. Do you go out with your friends on weekends?
7. Do you give her money whenever she needs?
8. Do you work as a teacher at a private school?
9. Do you do your housework every morning?
10. Do you often have lunch at restaurants?
11. Do you play tennis five days a week?
12. Do you check your Email on Hotmail regularly?
He / Your brother / My brother / John etc.

1. Does he usually wake up at 6 o’clock?
2. Does he brush his teeth twice a day?
3. Does he always wash his hands before eating?
4. Does he eat chapati for dinner every day?
5. Does he ever drink coffee at breakfast?
6. Does he go out with his friends on weekends?
7. Does he give me money whenever I need?
8. Does he work as a teacher at a private school?
9. Does he do his housework every morning?
10. Does he often have lunch at restaurants?
11. Does he play tennis five days a week?
12. Does he check his Email on Hotmail regularly?
She / Your sister / My sister / Mary etc.

1. Does she usually wake up at 6 o’clock?
2. Does she brush her teeth twice a day?
3. Does she always wash her hands before eating?
4. Does she eat chapati for dinner every day?
5. Does she ever drink coffee at breakfast?
6. Does she go out with her friends on weekends?
12. Do they check their Email on Hotmail regularly?
4. Negative interrogative sentences / Questions

1. Don’t I wear nice clothes every day?
2. Don’t I brush my teeth twice a day?
3. Don’t I wash my hands before eating?
4. Don’t I work very hard every day?
5. Don’t I teach Spoken English well?
6. Don’t I play the piano very well?

1. Don’t you usually wake up at 6 o’clock?
2. Don’t you brush your teeth twice a day?
3. Don’t you always wash your hands before eating?
4. Don’t you eat chapati for dinner every day?
5. Don’t you ever drink coffee at breakfast?
6. Don’t you go out with your friends on weekends?
7. Don’t you give her money whenever she needs?
8. Don’t you work as a teacher at a private school?
9. Don’t you do your housework every morning?
10. Don’t you often have lunch at restaurants?
11. Don’t you play tennis five days a week?
12. Don’t you check your Email on Hotmail regularly?

1. Doesn’t he usually wake up at 6 o’clock?
2. Doesn’t he brush his teeth twice a day?
3. Doesn’t he always wash his hands before eating?
4. Doesn’t he eat chapati for dinner every day?
5. Doesn’t he ever drink coffee at breakfast?
6. Doesn’t he go out with his friends on weekends?
7. Doesn’t he give me money whenever I need?
8. Doesn’t he work as a teacher at a private school?
They / Your friends / John and Mary etc.
1. Don’t they usually wake up at 6 o’clock?
2. Don’t they brush their teeth twice a day?
3. Don’t they always wash their hands before eating?
4. Don’t they eat chapati for dinner every day?
5. Don’t they ever drink coffee at breakfast?
6. Don’t they go out with their friends on weekends?
7. Don’t they give you money whenever you need?
8. Don’t they work as teachers at a private school?
9. Don’t they do their housework every morning?
10. Don’t they often have lunch at restaurants?
11. Don’t they play tennis five days a week?
12. Don’t they check their Email on Hotmail regularly?
Yes / No questions
Yes / No question: A question whose expected answer is either “yes” or

“no”. We ask these questions for confirmation.
Sample Yes / No Question (Positive)
Yes, I drink coffee. (or)

1 Do you drink coffee? No, I don’t drink coffee,
but I drink tea.
Yes, my parents drink coffee. (or)

Do your parents drink
2 No, my parents don’t drink coffee,
coffee?
but they drink tea.
3rd Person Singular

4. I pick up Peter from college in the evening.
5. I meet my friends at a coffee shop.
6. I bring my laptop to college on Mondays.
7. I arrive at NEO by 5 PM every day.
8. I usually stay at home on Sundays.
9. I often help my mother do housework.
10. I make green tea at home every evening.
11. I write short stories in my leisure time.
12. I read an English newspaper every day.
13. I listen to English music on my mobile.
14. I talk to my parents on the phone at night.
15. I sometimes get a headache after eating.
16. I keep my windows open in the daytime.
17. I use the internet on my mobile phone.
18. I ride my bicycle to school every day.
19. I usually sing songs in the shower.
20. I get / have a haircut once a month.
21. I come back / get home by 6 o’clock.
22. I often come here to drink black coffee.
23. I change my Email passwords frequently.
24. I pay my electricity bill online every month.
25. I sell vegetables at the vegetable market.
26. I get a cold when I go out at night in winter.
27. I send greetings to my friends every day.
28. I keep my room clean and tidy all the time.
29. I close the windows all day every day.
30. I spend a lot of money on food every day.
31. I spend 2 hours reading books at home.
32. I teach English at a school in Chennai.
33. I do my homework in the evenings.
34. I give pocket money to my child every day.
65. I make flower garlands at a flower shop.
66. I usually go to Pacific Mall to buy clothes.
67. I sweep the kitchen floor every morning.
68. I braid my hair into two plaits to school.
69. I visit my parents once every 2 weeks.
70. I leave home for the office at 9 o’clock.
71. I usually get up at 6.30 in the morning.
72. I turn off my phone before going to bed.
73. I get on (get off) the bus at my office.
74. I fight with my older sister all the time.
75. I get cough when I eat spicy food.
76. I get sleepy when I eat too much.
77. I always fall asleep when I drive the car.
78. I fall asleep while reading my lessons.
79. I usually put honey in my green tea.
80. I take / have a bath before going to bed.
81. I iron my clothes myself every day.
82. I see you at the bus stop waiting for bus.
83. I practice English speaking at home.
84. I soak rice for 30 minutes before cooking.
85. I respect those who respect me.
86. I smoke a packet of cigarettes a day.
87. I eat out with my family once in a while.
88. I go to parks with my friends on Sundays.
89. I sometimes take the subway to work.
90. I lend money to my friends when they need.
91. I get stitched my clothes at LEO Tailors.
92. I draw funny cartoons in my free time.
93. I read novels when I don’t get sleepy.
94. I save some money in my bank account.
95. I wear shoes for walking and standing.
127. I do yoga for more than an hour day.
128. I sweat too much while sleeping.
129. I freshen up after coming home from school.
130. I send my parents some money every month.
131. I start my work at 9 o’clock and finish by 6.
132. I kill mosquitoes before going to bed every night.
He / She / It / My brother / The dog / John etc.
1. He cleans his room every morning.

2.
Note: 1. Practice above verbs with subjects “You, He, She, It, We, You, They”.
2. Practice above verbs with negative, Question and Negative questions
Miscellaneous Sentences
(Facts and Scheduled Events)
1. The Earth revolves / goes around the Sun.
2. The Sun always rises in the East.
3. The Moon goes around the Earth.
4. Water freezes at -4 degrees Celsius.
5. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
6. Dogs and cats hate each other.
7. Snakes don’t eat dead animals.
8. It snows (rains) a lot in London.
9. This road / bus goes to Hyderabad.
10. Dogs usually bark a lot at night.
11. The plane arrives at 5.30 this evening.
12. The train departs at 10 o’clock tonight.
13. Shatabdi express departs at 6 PM daily.
5. What / Which newspaper do you usually read?
6. Which newspaper do you read, The Hindu or Times Now?
Note: Generally we use “Which” if the choice is less or both the speaker
and listener know the choice. Or if you want to specify the choice you
have to use which.
1. When do you / they go to the vegetable market?

2. When does he / she / John go to the vegetable market?
3. When does your brother go to the vegetable market?
4. When do John and Mary go to the vegetable market?
1. What time do you / they wake up in the morning?

2. What time does he / she / John wake up in the morning?
3. What time does your brother wake up in the morning?
4. What time do your friends wake up in the morning?
1. What time do you watch TV until at night?

(Until what time do you watch TV at night?)
2. What time does he watch TV until at night?
(Until what time does he watch TV at night?)
1. How many times do you brush your teeth a day?

2. How many times does he / John brush his teeth a day?
3. How many times does your sister brush her teeth a day?
4. How many times do they brush their teeth a day?
5. How many times do your friends brush their teeth a day?
1. How much time do you spend with your family?

2. How much time does he / John spend watching TV?
3. How much time does she spend with her family?
4. How much time do they spend watching TV a day?
5. How much time do your friends spend watching TV?
1. How many hours do you / they sleep at night?

2. How many hours does he / she / John sleep at night?
3. How many hours does your brother sleep at night?
4. How many hours do your roommates sleep at night?
1. Who lives in the White House?
2. Who talks to you on the phone daily?
3. Who speaks English very well here?
4. Who makes green tea at your home?
5. Who usually drives your car?
6. Who plays cricket with you every day?
7. Who gives pocket money to John daily?
8. Who celebrates Valentine’s Day?
Who - Without Subject & Negative

1. Who doesn’t speak English well here?
2. Who doesn’t eat chicken in your home?
3. Who doesn’t come to school regularly?
Why - Positive
1. Why do you / they eat a lot of junk food?
2. Why does he / she / John eat a lot of junk food?
3. Why does your brother eat watch TV a lot?
4. Why do your friends eat a lot of junk food?
Why - Negative
1. Why don’t you / they go to school regularly?
2. Why doesn’t he / she / John go to school?
3. Why doesn’t your brother talk to you?
4. Why don’t your friends go to college regularly?
Miscellaneous Questions
1. How many flights land at Delhi airport daily?
2. How many passengers travel by train in India a day?
3. How many students stay in your room at the hostel?
4. Which bus / road goes to Hyderabad?
5. Which fan works well, this one or that one?
6. Which company mobiles work well?
7. Whose novels do you usually read?
3. I like / love watching movies.
(Watching is a gerund)
4. I adore (love + respect) my parents.

5. I adore playing football.
6. I enjoy spicy food.
7. I enjoy watching movies.
8. I dislike / hate politics / sweets.
9. I dislike / hate to eat sweets.
10. I dislike / hate washing up dishes.
11. I want some coffee now.
12. I want money to buy a mobile.
13. I want to eat biryani tonight.
14. I need some money now.
15. I need to pay the fee today.
16. I know him / your father well.
17. I know how to cook chicken.
18. I understand your feelings.
19. I remember your birthday.
20. I remember to lock the door.
21. I remember giving him the money.
22. I always forget my wallet.
23. I sometimes forget to lock the door.
24. I prefer tea to coffee.
25. I prefer to drink green tea.
26. I promise you I won’t smoke.
27. I think that he is honest.
28. I think he will come tomorrow.
29. I smell bad in summer.
30. I smell bad / gas in this room.
31. I smell something burning here.
1. What kind of music do you / they like?
2. What kind of music does he / she / John like?
3. What kind of music does your brother like?
1. Where do you / they like to live?

2. Where does he / she / John like to live?
3. Where does your brother like to live?
4. Where do your parents like to live?
1. When do you / they want to buy a new mobile?

2. When does he / she want to buy a new mobile?
3. When does your sister want to buy a new mobile?
4. When do your friends want to buy a new mobile?
1. Which color do you / they prefer, red or blue?

2. Which color does he / she prefer, red or blue?
3. Which color does your brother prefer, red or blue?
4. Which color do your friends prefer, red or blue?
Who / Whom - With subjects

1. Who do you like the most in your family?
2. Who does he / John like the most in his family?
3. Who does she / Mary like the most in her family?
4. Who do your parents like the most in your family?
Who - Without subject

1. Who wants coffee now?
2. Who wants to drink coffee?
3. Who needs money right now?
4. Who knows how to bake a cake?
5. Who remembers my birthday?
6. Who believes in god here?
Who - Without subject & Negative

1. Who doesn’t want coffee now?
1. That house belongs to my friend.
2. This bread contains egg.
3. It consists of wheat, milk, sugar and egg.
4. The black shirt fits me well.
5. This amount includes service tax.
6. This tastes delicious.
7. This tastes like biryani.
8. This smells bad.
9. This smells like perfume.
10. It costs $50 to stay here per day.
11. You look very happy. (happy - adjective)
12. You look like police. (police - noun)
13. He looks happy.
14. It looks broken.
15. He looks like his bother / a thief.
16. It looks like a jelly fish.
17. You seem very happy today.
18. He seems happy.
Miscellaneous Questions (Yes / No)

1. Does that house belong to your friend?
2. Does your class consist of 40 students?
3. Does this bread contain egg and milk?
4. Does the black shirt fit you well?
5. Does this amount include service tax?
6. Does this biryani taste delicious?
7. Does this food smell very bad?
8. Does it cost $50 to stay here per day?
Miscellaneous Questions (WH)

USE 2: For Longer Actions which are in Progress
Now
Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous for a longer action which is in

progress; however, it might not be happening at this exact second.
1. I am studying B. Tech now.

2. I am working in a bank now.
3. He is teaching at the university now.
USE 3: For Arranged Actions happen in the future
Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something

will or will not happen in the near future. Examples:
1. I am coming to Chennai tomorrow.

2. I am going to the party tonight.
3. He is buying a new mobile tomorrow.
USE 4: For Repetition and annoyed Actions with

"Always"
She is always shouting at me. .

He is constantly calling me.
He is always complaining on me.

1. She is just reading the newspaper.

2. She is having breakfast at the moment.
3. She is drinking coffee at a café right now.
4. She is writing a leave letter to her teacher.
5. She is learning Spoken English at present.
6. She is doing her homework / housework now.
7. She is leaving for Delhi tomorrow morning.
8. She is listening to Hindi songs online.
9. She is talking to her friend on the phone.
10. She is studying in class 10 at a school.
11. She is watching a movie on TV right now.
12. She is looking for a job in Chennai currently.
1. It is still eating breakfast.

2. It is drinking milk right now.
3. It is crying / laughing now.
4. It is playing with the ball now.
5. It is sleeping on the floor now.
1. We are just reading the newspaper.

2. We are having breakfast at the moment.
3. We are drinking coffee at a café right now.
4. We are writing leave letters to our teacher.
5. We are learning Spoken English at present.
6. We are doing our homework / housework now.
7. We are leaving for Delhi tomorrow morning.
8. We are listening to Hindi songs online.
9. We are talking to our friends on the phone.
10. We are studying in class 10 at a school.
11. We are watching a movie on TV right now.
12. We are looking for jobs in Chennai currently.
He / My brother / Your brother / John etc.
1. He isn’t reading the newspaper now.
2. He isn’t having breakfast at the moment.
3. He isn’t drinking coffee at a café right now.
4. He isn’t writing a leave letter to his teacher.
5. He isn’t learning Spoken English at present.
6. He isn’t doing his homework / housework now.
7. He isn’t leaving for Delhi tomorrow morning.
8. He isn’t listening to Hindi songs online.
9. He isn’t talking to his friend on the phone.
10. He isn’t studying in class 10 at a school.
11. He isn’t watching a movie on TV right now.
12. He isn’t looking for a job in Chennai currently.
1. She isn’t reading the newspaper now.

2. She isn’t having breakfast at the moment.
3. She isn’t drinking coffee at a café right now.
4. She isn’t writing a leave letter to her teacher.
5. She isn’t learning Spoken English at present.
6. She isn’t doing her homework / housework now.
7. She isn’t leaving for Delhi tomorrow morning.
8. She isn’t listening to Hindi songs online.
9. She isn’t talking to her friend on the phone.
10. She isn’t studying in class 10 at a school.
11. She isn’t watching a movie on TV right now.
12. She isn’t looking for a job in Chennai currently.
1. It isn’t eating breakfast now.

2. It isn’t drinking milk right now.
3. It isn’t crying / laughing a lot now.
4. It isn’t playing with the ball now.
5. It isn’t sleeping on the floor now.
1. Are you reading the newspaper now?
2. Are you having breakfast at the moment?
3. Are you drinking coffee at a café right now?
4. Are you writing a leave letter to your teacher?
5. Are you learning Spoken English at present?
6. Are you doing your homework / housework now?
7. Are you leaving for Delhi tomorrow morning?
8. Are you listening to Hindi songs online?
9. Are you talking to your friend on the phone?
10. Are you studying in class 10 at a school?
11. Are you watching a movie on TV right now?
12. Are you looking for a job in Chennai currently?

1. Is he reading the newspaper now?
2. Is he having breakfast at the moment?
3. Is he drinking coffee at a café right now?
4. Is he writing a leave letter to his class teacher?
5. Is he learning Spoken English at present?
6. Is he doing his homework / housework now?
7. Is he leaving for Delhi tomorrow morning?
8. Is he listening to Hindi songs online?
9. Is he talking to his friend on the phone?
10. Is he studying in class 10 at a school?
11. Is he watching a movie on TV right now?
12. Is he looking for a job in Chennai currently?

1. Is she reading the newspaper now?
2. Is she having breakfast at the moment?
3. Is she drinking coffee at a café right now?
4. Is she writing a leave letter to her class teacher?
5. Is she learning Spoken English at present?
6. Is she doing her homework / housework now?
4. Negative Questions

1. Aren’t I leaving for Delhi tomorrow morning?
2. Aren’t I talking to Mr. John on the phone?
3. Aren’t I watching a movie on TV right now?

1. Aren’t you reading the newspaper now?
2. Aren’t you having breakfast at the moment?
3. Aren’t you drinking coffee at a café right now?
4. Aren’t you writing a leave letter to your class teacher?
5. Aren’t you learning Spoken English at present?
6. Aren’t you doing your homework / housework now?
7. Aren’t you leaving for Delhi tomorrow morning?
8. Aren’t you listening to Hindi songs online?
9. Aren’t you talking to your friend on the phone?
10. Aren’t you studying in class 10 at a school?
11. Aren’t you watching a movie on TV right now?
12. Aren’t you looking for a job in Chennai currently?

1. Isn’t he reading the newspaper now?
2. Isn’t he having breakfast at the moment?
3. Isn’t he drinking coffee at a café right now?
4. Isn’t he writing a leave letter to his class teacher?
5. Isn’t he learning Spoken English at present?
6. Isn’t he doing his homework / housework now?
7. Isn’t he leaving for Delhi tomorrow morning?
8. Isn’t he listening to Hindi songs online?
9. Isn’t he talking to his friend on the phone?
10. Isn’t he studying in class 10 at a school?
11. Isn’t he watching a movie on TV right now?
12. Isn’t he looking for a job in Chennai currently?
10. Aren’t they studying in class 10 at a school?
11. Aren’t they watching a movie on TV right now?
12. Aren’t they looking for jobs in Chennai currently?
Commonly used sentences in daily life

1. I am eating a banana / an apple now.
2. I am cooking chicken biryani today.
3. I am getting ready for college now.
4. I am coming to see you tomorrow.
5. I am sleeping in the bed right now.
6. I am making green tea for us now.
7. I am doing shopping at Big bazaar.
8. I am teaching Spoken English at NEO.
9. I am searching for my wallet now.
10. I am going shopping with my friends.
11. I am driving to Chennai tomorrow.
12. I am working on the computer now.
13. I am playing cricket day after tomorrow.
14. I am standing under a tree right now.
15. I am cleaning my room at the moment.
16. I am staying at home all day today.
17. I am cutting vegetables right now.
18. I am closing my Facebook account.
19. I am downloading an old movie now.
20. I am facing some problems right now.
21. I am buying a new car next week.
22. I am calling to tell you about my day.
23. I am getting a new mobile soon.
24. I am just kidding / joking you.
55. I am getting painted my car now.
56. I am soaking the rice for biryani.
57. I am having / taking a shower now.
58. I am ironing my clothes for my vacation.
59. I am watering the plants in the garden.
60. I am improving my English day by day.
61. I am checking my bike’s engine oil level.
62. I am walking home with my parents.
63. I am plucking flowers at home now.
64. I am braiding my daughter’s hair now.
65. I am travelling on a bus to my hometown.
66. I am getting calls from unknown number.
67. I am wearing my new dress today.
68. I am sewing / stitching your dress now.
69. I am knitting a sweater and a cap for you.
70. I am arriving in New York City now.
71. I am combing my hair right now.
72. I am having my haircut at a salon now.
73. I am always getting sore throat.
74. I am learning car driving this month.
75. I am baking a cake for my son’s birthday.
76. I am washing the dishes in the kitchen.
77. I am squeezing some oranges now.
78. I am vacating my room next week.
79. I am moving to my new apartment soon.
80. I am planning to go to Goa for vacation.
81. I am taking my children to the park now.
82. I am trying to fix my computer now.
83. I am always losing my house keys.
84. I am going to the dentist tomorrow.
85. I am flying to the USA tomorrow morning.
117. I am using my old mobile for the time being.
Miscellaneous Sentences
1. It is raining heavily in Bengaluru now.
2. It is always snowing on Mount Everest.
3. It is getting dark outside right now.
4. He is being nice to everyone now.
5. My coffee is getting cold, turn off the fan.
6. The Sun / Moon is shining brightly.
7. The wind is blowing strongly here now.
8. The wind is blowing from the west.
9. It is thundering and lightning outside.
10. The dogs are barking outside now.
11. My cat / Kitten is meowing constantly.
12. My health is improving little by little.
13. My business is expanding rapidly at present.
14. My skin is getting darker day by day.
15. He is recovering from the illness.
16. My English is getting better and better.
17. He is getting stronger and stronger.
18. More and more people are getting fat.
19. The weather is becoming cooler by the day.
20. Someone is knocking at the door.
21. Road accidents are increasing day by day.
22. The train is leaving the station now.
23. The train is arriving at platform six.
24. The cows are grazing in the field now.
3. Where is your brother working at the moment?
4. Where are your friends working at the moment?
Who - With subject

1. Who are you / they talking to on the phone?
2. Who is he / she / John talking to on the phone?
3. Who is your brother talking to on the phone?
Who - Without subject

1. Who is driving your car now?
2. Who is waiting for you at the bus stop?
3. Who is sitting on the chair there?
4. Who is standing behind the wall?
5. Who is coming to dinner tonight?
6. Who is living in that house now?
7. Who is going to Mumbai with you?
Who - Without subject & Negative

1. Who isn’t coming to NEO tomorrow?
2. Who isn’t going to Mumbai tomorrow?
3. Who isn’t listening to class now?
Why – Positive
1. Why are you / they laughing at me?
2. Why is he / she / John laughing at me?
3. Why is your brother laughing at me?
4. Why are your friends laughing at me?
Why - Negative
1. Why aren’t you / they playing tennis now?
2. Why isn’t he / she / John playing tennis now?
Structure: Subject + have / has + Verb (Past Participle / V3) + Object
Ex: I + have + drunk + coffee
Ex: He + has + drunk + coffee
Signal / clue words: Just, already, recently, several times, lately, never,
for, since, yet (In negative & question), ever (In question)

1. I have read that book three times.
2. I have written a book recently.
3. I have eaten here several times.
4. I have just sent you an email.
5. I have already gone to the office.
6. I have been to Chennai in the last year.
7. I have met the principal once before.
8. I have given money to him lately.
9. I have never seen him before.
10. I have known him since 2010.
11. I have already had my dinner.
12. I have lived in this house for 10 years.

1. You have read that book three times.
2. You have eaten here several times.
3. You have been to Chennai in the last year.
4. You have met the principal once before.
5. You have given the money to him lately.
6. You have never seen him before.

1. He has read that book three times.
2. He has written a book recently.
5. We have already gone to the office.
6. We have been to Chennai in the last year.
7. We have met the principal once before.
8. We have given the money to him lately.
9. We have never seen him before.
10. We have known him since 2010.
11. We have already had our dinner.
12. We have lived in this house for 10 years.

1. They have read that book three times.
2. They have written a book recently.
3. They have eaten here several times.
4. They have just sent you an email.
5. They have already gone to the office.
6. They have been to Chennai in the last year.
7. They have met the principal once before.
8. They have given the money to him lately.
9. They have never seen him before.
10. They have known him since 2010.
11. They have already had their dinner.
12. They have lived in this house for 10 years.
2. Negative sentences

1. I haven’t read that book three times.
2. I haven’t written a book recently.
3. I haven’t eaten here several times.
4. I haven’t sent you an email yet.
5. I haven’t gone to the office yet.
6. I haven’t been to Chennai in the last year.
7. I haven’t met the principal before.
8. I haven’t given money to him since 2010.
9. I haven’t seen him since Monday.
10. I haven’t known him since 2010.
8. She hasn’t given money to him since 2010.
9. She hasn’t seen him since Monday.
10. She hasn’t known him since 2010.
11. She hasn’t had her dinner yet.
12. She hasn’t lived in this house for 10 years.

1. It hasn’t gone to bed yet.
2. It hasn’t eaten all the cake.
3. It hasn’t drink milk yet.

1. We haven’t read that book three times.
2. We haven’t written a book recently.
3. We haven’t eaten here several times.
4. We haven’t sent him an email yet.
5. We haven’t gone to the office yet.
6. We haven’t been to Chennai in the last year.
7. We haven’t met the principal before.
8. We haven’t given money to him since 2010.
9. We haven’t seen him since Monday.
10. We haven’t known him since 2010.
11. We haven’t had our dinner yet.
12. We haven’t lived in this house for 10 years.

1. They haven’t read that book three times.
2. They haven’t written a book recently.
3. They haven’t eaten here several times.
4. They haven’t sent him an email yet.
5. They haven’t gone to the office yet.
6. They haven’t been to Chennai in the last year.
7. They haven’t met the principal before.
8. They haven’t given money to him since 2010.
9. They haven’t seen him since Monday.
8. Has he given the money to him?
9. Has he ever seen him before?
10. Has he known him since 2010?
11. Has he already had his dinner?
12. Has he lived in this house for 10 years?

1. Has she read that book three times?
2. Has she written a book recently?
3. Has she eaten here several times?
4. Has she sent him an email yet?
5. Has she already gone to the office?
6. Has she been to Chennai in the last year?
7. Has she met the principal before?
8. Has she given the money to him?
9. Has she ever seen him before?
10. Has she known him since 2010?
11. Has she already had her dinner?
12. Has she lived in this house for 10 years?

1. Have we already read that book?
2. Have we sent him an email yet?
3. Have we met the principal before?
4. Have we given the money to him?
5. Have we ever seen him before?

1. Have they read that book three times?
2. Have they written a book recently?
3. Have they eaten here several times?
4. Have they sent him an email yet?
5. Have they already gone to the office?
6. Have they been to Chennai in the last year?
7. Have they met the principal before?
8. Have they given the money to him?
6. Hasn’t he been to Chennai in the last year?
7. Hasn’t he met the principal before?
8. Hasn’t he given the money to him?
9. Hasn’t he ever seen him before?
10. Hasn’t he known him since 2010?
11. Hasn’t he had his dinner yet?
12. Hasn’t he lived in this house for 10 years?

1. Hasn’t she read that book three times?
2. Hasn’t she written a book recently?
3. Hasn’t she eaten here several times?
4. Hasn’t she sent him an email yet?
5. Hasn’t she gone to the office yet?
6. Hasn’t she been to Chennai in the last year?
7. Hasn’t she met the principal before?
8. Hasn’t she given the money to him?
9. Hasn’t she ever seen him before?
10. Hasn’t she known him since 2010?
11. Hasn’t she had her dinner yet?
12. Hasn’t she lived in this house for 10 years?

1. Haven’t we already read that book?
2. Haven’t we sent him an email yet?
3. Haven’t we met the principal before?
4. Haven’t we given the money to him?
5. Haven’t we ever seen him before?

1. Haven’t they read that book three times?
2. Haven’t they written a book recently?
3. Haven’t they eaten here several times?
4. Haven’t they sent him an email yet?
5. Haven’t they gone to the office yet?
23. I have forgotten my Gmail Password.
24. I have sold my old mobile recently.
25. I have seen Bahubali 2 several times.
26. I have moved to a new school recently.
27. I have escaped from the thieves.
28. I have already paid the income tax.
29. I have installed Photoshop on my computer.
30. I have downloaded a new movie.
31. I have never ridden a horse before.
32. I have closed my Facebook account.
33. I have changed my ATM pin online.
34. I have already sent you an Email in detail.
35. I have thrown away my old mobile.
36. I have learned Spoken English recently.
37. I have successfully completed my PhD.
38. I have applied for passport online.
39. I have accidentally washed my cell phone.
40. I have never swum in the sea.
41. I have passed in my final exams.
42. I have decided to buy a new car.
43. I have never visited the Taj Mahal.
44. I have blocked him on Whatsapp.
45. I have already booked my flight ticket.
46. I have torn the application form with anger.
47. I have reserved a table for four people.
48. I have just arrived in New York City.
49. I have done B.Tech in computer science.
50. I have arrived at the railway station.
51. I have accidentally deleted my photos.
52. I have heard that NEO is the best institute.
53. I have heard that he repairs / fixes TVs.
5. It has been 10 years since I joined here.
6. It hasn’t been a week since I bought this.
7. It has been a week since I bought it.
8. It has been a long time since we met.
(Q: How long has it been since we met?)
9. It has been 10 years since I didn’t see you.
10. This park has become very popular.
11. My grandmother has become old.
12. He has broken up with her girlfriend.
13. He has broken the mirror into pieces.
14. He has been silent since last night.
15. The cost of living has gone up.
16. The light bulb has burned out.
17. The power has gone out in my house.
18. The power has just come back in my house.
19. There has been an accident on the road.
20. The time has come to say farewell.
21. This is the best movie I have ever seen.
22. They have been together for the last 5 years.
WH Questions examples
1. How many times have you seen that movie?

2. How many times has he / she / John seen that movie?
3. How many times has your brother seen that movie?
4. How many times have they seen that movie?
5. How many times have your friends seen that movie?
1. How long have you been in the military?

2. How long has he / John been in the military?
3. How long has your brother been in the military?
4. How long have they been in the military?
5. How long have your friends been in the military?

1. I have been reading my lessons since morning.
2. I have been living in Chennai since I was born.
3. I have been driving the car for the last 3 days.
4. I have been working in this office since 2007.
5. I have been teaching at NEO since last June.
6. I have been learning Spoken English recently.
7. I have been waiting here for over two hours.
8. I have been playing tennis for a long time.
9. I have been talking to my friend for the last hour.
10. I have been standing here since I got off the bus.
11. I have been watching TV since 6 o’clock.
12. I have been sleeping a lot at night lately.

1. You have been playing tennis for a long time.
2. You have been talking to your friend for the last hour.
3. You have been standing here since you got off the bus.
4. You have been watching TV since 6 o’clock.
5. You have been sleeping a lot at night lately.

1. He has been reading his lessons since morning.
2. He has been living in Chennai since he was born.
3. He has been driving the car for three days.
4. He has been working in this office since 2007.
5. He has been teaching at NEO since last June.
6. He has been learning Spoken English recently.
7. He has been waiting here for over two hours.
8. He has been playing tennis for a long time.
9. He has been talking to his friend for the last hour.
10. He has been standing here since he got off the bus.
11. He has been watching TV since 6 o’clock.
1. They have been reading their lessons since morning.
2. They have been living in Chennai since they were born.
3. They have been driving the car for the last 3 days.
4. They have been working in this office since 2007.
5. They have been teaching at NEO since last June.
6. They have been learning Spoken English recently.
7. They have been waiting here for over two hours.
8. They have been playing tennis for a long time.
9. They have been talking to their friends for the last hour.
10. They have been standing here since they got off the bus.
11. They have been watching TV since 6 o’clock.
12. They have been sleeping a lot at night lately.

1. I haven’t been reading my lessons since morning.
2. I haven’t been living in Chennai since I was born.
3. I haven’t been driving the car for the last 3 days.
4. I haven’t been working in this office since 2007.
5. I haven’t been teaching at NEO since last June.
6. I haven’t been learning Spoken English recently.
7. I haven’t been waiting here for over two hours.
8. I haven’t been playing tennis for a long time.
9. I haven’t been talking to my friend for the last hour.
10. I haven’t been standing here since I got off the bus.
11. I haven’t been watching TV since 6 o’clock.
12. I haven’t been sleeping a lot at night lately.
1. You haven’t been working in this office since 2007.

2. You haven’t been teaching at NEO since last June.
3. You haven’t been waiting here for over two hours.
4. You haven’t been playing tennis for a long time.
5. You haven’t been sleeping a lot at night lately.
7. We haven’t been waiting here for over two hours.
8. We haven’t been playing tennis for a long time.
9. We haven’t been talking to our friends for the last hour.
10. We haven’t been standing here since we got off the bus.
11. We haven’t been watching TV since 6 o’clock.
12. We haven’t been sleeping a lot at night lately.

1. They haven’t been reading their lessons since morning.
2. They haven’t been living in Chennai since they were born.
3. They haven’t been driving the car for the last 3 days.
4. They haven’t been working in this office since 2007.
5. They haven’t been teaching at NEO since last June.
6. They haven’t been learning Spoken English recently.
7. They haven’t been waiting here for over two hours.
8. They haven’t been playing tennis for a long time.
9. They haven’t been talking to their friends for the last hour.
10. They haven’t been standing here since they got off the bus.
11. They haven’t been watching TV since 6 o’clock.
12. They haven’t been sleeping a lot at night lately.
3. Positive Questions

1. Have I been living in Chennai since I was born?
2. Have I been playing tennis for a long time?
3. Have I been watching TV since 6 o’clock?
4. Have I been sleeping a lot at night lately?

1. Have you been reading your lessons since morning?
2. Have you been living in Chennai since you were born?
3. Have you been driving the car for the last 3 days?
4. Have you been working in this office since 2007?
1. Have we been living in Chennai since we were born?
2. Have we been playing tennis for a long time?
3. Have we been watching TV since 6 o’clock?
4. Have we been sleeping a lot at night lately?

1. Have they been reading their lessons since morning?
2. Have they been living in Chennai since they were born?
3. Have they been driving the car for the last 3 days?
4. Have they been working in this office since 2007?
5. Have they been teaching at NEO since last June?
6. Have they been learning Spoken English recently?
7. Have they been waiting here for over two hours?
8. Have they been playing tennis for a long time?
9. Have they been talking to my friend for the last hour?
10. Have they been standing here since they got off the bus?
11. Have they been watching TV since 6 o’clock?
12. Have they been sleeping a lot at night lately?

1. Haven’t I been living in Chennai since I was born?
2. Haven’t I been playing tennis for a long time?
3. Haven’t I been watching TV since 6 o’clock?
4. Haven’t I been sleeping a lot at night lately?

1. Haven’t you been reading your lessons since morning?
2. Haven’t you been living in Chennai since you were born?
3. Haven’t you been driving the car for the last 3 days?
4. Haven’t you been working in this office since 2007?
1. Haven’t we been living in Chennai since we were born?
2. Haven’t we been playing tennis for a long time?
3. Haven’t we been watching TV since 6 o’clock?
4. Haven’t we been sleeping a lot at night lately?

1. Haven’t they been reading their lessons since morning?
2. Haven’t they been living in Chennai since they were born?
3. Haven’t they been driving the car for the last 3 days?
4. Haven’t they been working in this office since 2007?
5. Haven’t they been teaching at NEO since last June?
6. Haven’t they been learning Spoken English recently?
7. Haven’t they been waiting here for over two hours?
8. Haven’t they been playing tennis for a long time?
9. Haven’t they been talking to their friends for the last hour?
10. Haven’t they been standing here since they got off the bus?
11. Haven’t they been watching TV since 6 o’clock?
12. Haven’t they been sleeping a lot at night lately?

1. I have been staying at a hotel since I came here.
2. I have been travelling for the last ten days.
3. I have been washing clothes since you went out.
4. I have been cooking food since you called me.
5. I have been listening to music since I woke up.
6. I have been repairing your bike since morning.
7. I have been wearing these clothes for 3 days.
8. I have been suffering from fever since Monday.
9. I have been learning to play the guitar since August.
10. I have been studying in this school since 1st class.
5. The light bulb has been glowing for one hour.
6. The ceiling fan has been rotating well lately.
7. My baby has been crying since it woke up.
8. He has been disturbing me since beginning.
9. My skin has been itching for the last 2 weeks.
10. My tooth has been hurting for months now.
11. The fever has been coming and going for a week.
12. Mary has been getting wet in the rain since it started.
1. What have you / they been doing since morning?

2. What has he / she / John been doing since morning?
3. What has your brother been doing since morning?
4. What have your friends been doing since morning?
1. Where have you been living since you were born?

2. Where has he / John been living since he was born?
3. Where has she been living since she was born?
4. Where have they been living since they were born?
1. Where have you / they been working for the last 4 years?
2. Where has he / she / John been working for the last 4 years?
3. Where has your brother been working for the last 4 years?
4. Where have your friends been working for the last 4 years?
1. How long have you /they been working in this office?

2. How long has he / she / John been working in this office?
3. How long has your been working in this office?
4. How long have your friends been working in this office?
Who – With subject

1. Who have you been talking to since morning?
2. Who has he / she / John been talking to since morning?

1. I woke up at 6 o’clock this morning.
2. I brushed my teeth before eating.
3. I read my lessons all day yesterday.
4. I wrote a children’s book last year.
5. I ate an apple before I had lunch.
6. I drank green tea just now.
7. I went to the zoo last summer.
8. I learnt English at NEO last month.
9. I lived in Mumbai for over 10 years.
10. I bought this car two years ago.
11. I played cricket well today.
12. I saw Titanic movie 15 years ago.

1. You woke up at 6 o’clock this morning.
2. You read your lessons all day yesterday.
3. You went to the zoo last summer.
4. You played cricket well today
5. You saw that movie yesterday.

1. He woke up at 6 o’clock this morning.
2. He brushed his teeth before eating.
3. He read his lessons all day yesterday.
4. He wrote a children’s book last year.
5. He ate an apple before I had lunch.
6. He drank green tea just now.
7. He went to the zoo last summer.
8. He learnt English at NEO last month.
9. He lived in Mumbai for over 10 years.
10. He bought this car two years ago.
11. He played cricket well today
12. He saw Titanic movie 15 years ago.
1. They woke up at 6 o’clock this morning.
2. They brushed their teeth before eating.
3. They read their lessons all day yesterday.
4. They wrote a children’s book last year.
5. They ate an apple before I had lunch.
6. They drank green tea just now.
7. They went to the zoo last summer.
8. They learnt English at NEO last month.
9. They lived in Mumbai for over 10 years.
10. They bought this car two years ago.
11. They played cricket well today
12. They saw Titanic movie 15 years ago.
2. Negative Sentences
1. I didn’t wake up at 6 o’clock this morning.
2. I didn’t even brush my teeth today.
3. I didn’t read my lessons all day yesterday.
4. I didn’t write a children’s book last year.
5. I didn’t eat an apple before I had lunch.
6. I didn’t drink green tea just now.
7. I didn’t go to the zoo last summer.
8. I didn’t learn English at NEO last month.
9. I didn’t live in Mumbai for over 10 years.
10. I didn’t buy this car two years ago.
11. I didn’t play cricket well today
12. I didn’t see Titanic movie 15 years ago.

1. You didn’t wake up at 6 o’clock this morning.
2. You didn’t read your lessons all day yesterday.
3. You didn’t go to the zoo last summer.
4. You didn’t live in Mumbai for over 10 years.
5. You didn’t play cricket well today
6. It didn’t play cricket well today

1. We didn’t wake up at 6 o’clock this morning.
2. We didn’t even brush our teeth today.
3. We didn’t read our lessons all day yesterday.
4. We didn’t write a children’s book last year.
5. We didn’t eat an apple before I had lunch.
6. We didn’t drink green tea just now.
7. We didn’t go to the zoo last summer.
8. We didn’t learn English at NEO last month.
9. We didn’t live in Mumbai for over 10 years.
10. We didn’t buy this car two years ago.
11. We didn’t play cricket well today
12. We didn’t see Titanic movie 15 years ago.

1. They didn’t wake up at 6 o’clock this morning.
2. They didn’t even brush their teeth today.
3. They didn’t read their lessons all day yesterday.
4. They didn’t write a children’s book last year.
5. They didn’t eat an apple before I had lunch.
6. They didn’t drink green tea just now.
7. They didn’t go to the zoo last summer.
8. They didn’t learn English at NEO last month.
9. They didn’t live in Mumbai for over 10 years.
10. They didn’t buy this car two years ago.
11. They didn’t play cricket well today
12. They didn’t see Titanic movie 15 years ago.
13.

1. Did I wake up at 6 o’clock this morning?
2. Did I brush my teeth this morning?
4. Did she write a children’s book last year?
5. Did she eat an apple before I had lunch?
6. Did she drink green tea just now?
7. Did she go to the zoo last summer?
8. Did she learn English at NEO last month?
9. Did she live in Mumbai for over 10 years?
10. Did she buy this car two years ago?
11. Did she play cricket well today?
12. Did she see Titanic movie 15 years ago?
It / Your baby / The dog / Snoopy etc.

1. Did it wake up at 6 o’clock this morning?
2. Did it brush its teeth before eating?
3. Did it eat an apple before I had lunch?
4. Did it drink green tea just now?
5. Did it go to the zoo last summer?
6. Did it play cricket well today?

1. Did we wake up at 6 o’clock this morning?
2. Did we brush our teeth before eating?
3. Did we eat an apple before I had lunch?
4. Did we go to the zoo last summer?
5. Did we play cricket well today?

1. Did they wake up at 6 o’clock this morning?
2. Did they brush their teeth before eating?
3. Did they read their lessons all day yesterday?
4. Did they write a children’s book last year?
5. Did they eat an apple before I had lunch?
6. Did they drink green tea just now?
7. Did they go to the zoo last summer?
8. Did they learn English at NEO last month?
9. Did they live in Mumbai for over 10 years?
10. Did they buy this car two years ago?
8. Didn’t he learn English at NEO last month?
9. Didn’t he live in Mumbai for over 10 years?
10. Didn’t he buy this car two years ago?
11. Didn’t he play cricket well today?
12. Didn’t he see Titanic movie 15 years ago?

1. Didn’t she wake up at 6 o’clock this morning?
2. Didn’t she brush her teeth before eating?
3. Didn’t she read her lessons all day yesterday?
4. Didn’t she write a children’s book last year?
5. Didn’t she eat an apple before I had lunch?
6. Didn’t she drink green tea just now?
7. Didn’t she go to the zoo last summer?
8. Didn’t she learn English at NEO last month?
9. Didn’t she live in Mumbai for over 10 years?
10. Didn’t she buy this car two years ago?
11. Didn’t she play cricket well today?
12. Didn’t she see Titanic movie 15 years ago?

1. Didn’t we wake up at 6 o’clock this morning?
2. Didn’t we brush our teeth before eating?
3. Didn’t we eat an apple before I had lunch?
4. Didn’t we go to the zoo last summer?
5. Didn’t we play cricket well today?

1. Didn’t they wake up at 6 o’clock this morning?
2. Didn’t they brush their teeth before eating?
3. Didn’t they read their lessons all day yesterday?
4. Didn’t they write a children’s book last year?
5. Didn’t they eat an apple before I had lunch?
6. Didn’t they drink green tea just now?
7. Didn’t they go to the zoo last summer?
22. I started my own business at home.
23. I changed my mobile number yesterday.
24. I paid the electricity bill online yesterday.
25. I sold my old laptop to a friend of mine.
26. I asked my father for money today.
27. I washed the apple well before I ate.
28. I sent my resume to you this afternoon.
29. I put cookies on the dining table.
30. I spent entire day on the beach yesterday.
31. I cooked you chicken biryani for dinner.
32. I washed your clothes this morning.
33. I came to NEO by scooter today.
34. I had lunch at a restaurant with my friends.
35. I left home for the office at seven o’clock.
36. I reached home early this morning.
37. I set the alarm clock for 5 o’clock.
38. I did housework before you woke up.
39. I gave him money when he came to me.
40. I gave him a ride to his college yesterday.
41. I slept only 4 hours last night.
42. I got on the train at Secuderabad railway station.
43. I got off the bus at Mahatma Gandhi bus station.
44. I arrived home safely just now.
45. I listened to Bahubali 2 songs yesterday.
46. I worked in a bank in Chennai for 4 years.
47. I spoke to him over the phone last night.
48. I polished my shoes before going to the interview.
49. I turned on the television just now.
50. I celebrated my birthday with my friends grandly.
51. I helped my brother with his homework.
52. I helped my friend with a lot of money.
84. I watched TV until midnight yesterday.
85. I waited for you for 2 hours at home.
86. I studied my lessons all night last night.
87. I went to the park for a walk this morning.
88. I went straight to the railway station.
89. I ate at a restaurant with my friends last night.
90. I lay down on the grass in the park yesterday.
91. I moved to Hyderabad from Chennai in 2010.
92. I accidentally broke my tooth last week.
93. I had a minor surgery my hand a year ago.
94. I had a car accident near Chennai last night.
95. I completed my graduation in 2015.
96. I told him everything I knew about John.
97. I asked my parents for a Smartphone.
98. I convinced him to come to the party.
99. I hid the money under the bed in my room.
100. I hung the photo Frame on the wall.
101. I walked in the ground for 30 minutes.
102. I lived in Mumbai before I came here.
103. I worked in Chennai before I worked in Delhi.
104. I graduated from S V University in 2005.
105. I slept until 10 o’clock this morning.
106. I invited all my friends to the birthday party.
107. I fed my dog a lot of chicken today.
108. I waited for you until 30 minutes ago.
109. I put my mobile on silent mode just now.
110. I took my children to the park yesterday.
111. I thought you were my science teacher.
112. I needed money for college yesterday.
113. I broke my mobile in anger yesterday.
114. I broke up with her 2 months ago.
5. His grandfather died a long time ago.
6. My car hit a tree last night near the city.
7. The train arrived at the station just now.
8. The lights suddenly went out while eating.
9. The power went out in my house last night.
10. The power came back in my house at 8.30.
11. Mary gave birth to a baby girl last night.
12. Peter insisted on me to accompany him.
13. He suddenly disappeared last night.
14. Our baby cried a lot at midnight yesterday.
15. My English class finished at 6.30 today.
1. What time did you / they wake up today?

2. What time did he / she / John wake up today?
3. What time did your brother wake up today?
4. What time did your friends wake up today?
1. What time did you watch TV until last night?

(Until what time did you watch TV last night?)
2. What time did he watch TV until last night?
3. (Until what time did he watch TV last night?)
1. When did you / they last go to the zoo?

2. When did he / she / John last go to the zoo?
3. When did your brother last go to the zoo?
4. When did your friends last go to the zoo?
1. What did you / they do yesterday evening?

2. What did he / she / John do yesterday evening?
3. What did your brother do yesterday evening?
4. What did your friends do yesterday evening?
Who / Whom – Without subject
1. Who did you talk to on the phone just now?
(To whom did you talk on the phone just now?
2. Who did he / she / John talk to on the phone just now?

3. Who did your brother talk to on the phone just now?
Who – Without subject

1. Who lived in that house before?
2. Who played cricket well today?
3. Who gave you my number?
4. Who went to hospital yesterday?
5. Who took your umbrella?
6. Who wrote the letter to the principal?
Who – Without Subject & Negative

1. Who didn’t come to class yesterday?
2. Who didn’t write exam well yesterday?
3. Who didn’t eat breakfast here today?
Why – Negative
1. Why did you / they go to the railway station last night?
2. Why did he / she / John go to the railway station last night?
3. Why did your brother go to the railway station last night?
4. Why did your friends go to the railway station last night?
Why – Negative
1. Why didn’t you / they go to school yesterday?
Subject “I”
1. I was reading a book when she called me.
2. I was cooking dinner when Peter arrived.
3. While I was eating dinner, the phone rang.
4. I was going to college when you saw me.
5. I was working in a bank this time last year.
6. I was going home when the rain started.
7. I was learning English at NEO last month.
8. I was playing tennis at 7 o’clock this morning.
9. I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
10. I was talking to my friend at 8 o’clock last night.
11. I was watching TV when the power went out.
12. While I was sleeping, a thief came to my home.

1. You were reading a book when she called you.
2. You were cooking dinner when Peter arrived.
3. You were going to college when I saw you.
4. You were playing tennis at 7 o’clock this morning.
5. While you were sleeping, a thief came to your home.

1. He was reading a book when she called him.
2. He was cooking dinner when Peter arrived.
3. While he was eating dinner, the phone rang
4. He was going to college when I saw him.
5. He was working in a bank this time last year.
6. He was going home when the rain started.
7. He was learning English at NEO last month.
8. He was playing tennis at 7 o’clock this morning.
9. He was doing his homework at this time yesterday.
10. He was talking to his friend at 8 o’clock last night.
11. He was watching TV when the power went out.
12. While he was sleeping, a thief came to his home.
6. They were going home when the rain started.
7. They were learning English at NEO last month.
8. They were playing tennis at 7 o’clock this morning.
9. They were doing their homework at this time yesterday.
10. They were talking to their friend at 8 o’clock last night.
11. They were watching TV when the power went out.
12. While they were sleeping, a thief came to their home.
13.

1. Was I playing tennis at 7 o’clock this morning?
2. Was I doing my homework at this time yesterday?
3. Was I talking to my friend at 6 PM last night?
4. Was I watching TV when the power went out?
5. Was I sleeping when the thief came to my home?

1. Were you reading a book when she called you?
2. Were you cooking dinner when Peter arrived?
3. Were you eating dinner when the phone rang?
4. Were you going to college when I saw you?
5. Were you working in a bank this time last year?
6. Were you going home when the rain started?
7. Were you learning English at NEO last month?
8. Were you playing tennis at 7 o’clock this morning?
9. Were you doing your homework at this time yesterday?
10. Were you talking to your friend at 8 o’clock last night?
11. Were you watching TV when the power went out?
12. Were you sleeping when the thief came to your home?

1. Was he reading a book when she called him?
2. Was he cooking dinner when Peter arrived?
3. Were they eating dinner when the phone rang?
4. Were they going to college when you saw them?
5. Were they working in a bank this time last year?
6. Were they going home when the rain started?
7. Were they learning English at NEO last month?
8. Were they playing tennis at 7 o’clock this morning?
9. Were they doing their homework at this time yesterday?
10. Were they talking to their friend at 8 o’clock last night?
11. Were they watching TV when the power went out?
12. Were they sleeping when the thief came to their home?
1. I was travelling on a bus to Chennai when I lost my purse.

(When I lost my purse, I was travelling on a bus to Chennai)
2. While I was travelling on a bus to Chennai, I lost my purse.

(I lost my purse while I was travelling on a bus to Chennai)
3. I was studying degree when I got married.

(When I got married, I was studying degree)
4. While I was studying degree, I got married.

(I got married while I was studying degree)
5. I was watching TV while you were sleeping.

(While you were sleeping, I was watching TV)
6. I was writing an exam at this time yesterday.
7. My brother and I were watching TV when you called.

(When you called, my brother and I were watching TV)
8. My brother was watching TV and I was reading when you

called.
2. What was he / she watching on TV when you saw yesterday?
3. What was John watching on TV when you saw yesterday?
4. What were your friends watching on TV yesterday evening?
1. Where were you going at 5 o’clock yesterday evening?

2. Where was your brother going at 5 o’clock yesterday evening?
3. Where was John going at 5 o’clock yesterday evening?
4. Where were your friends going at 5 o’clock yesterday evening?
Who - With Subject

1. Who were you talking to on the phone last night?
2. Who was he / she talking to on the phone last night?
3. Who was your brother talking to on the phone last night?
4. Who was John talking to on the phone last night?
Who - Without Subject

1. Who was talking to you on the phone when I saw?
2. Who was watching TV at midnight yesterday?
3. Who was waiting for you here this morning?
4. Who was shouting at you yesterday evening?
5. Who was riding your brother’s bike this morning?
Why - Positive
1. Why were you beating your son this morning?
2. Why was he / Peter beating his son last night?
3. Why was your father beating you this morning?
4. Why were they shouting at you just now?
Note: Practice above questions with other verbs also.
7. Past Perfect Tense

1. He had written a Spoken English book before 1995.
2. He had just eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night.
3. He had paid the electricity bill before the due date.
4. He had gone to the office before 9 o’clock today.
5. He had come back home by the time I called him.
6. He had never been to Chennai before he joined Degree.
7. He had given the money to her before she asked him.
8. He had bought a new bike before he moved to Chennai.
9. He had retired from the job before my father retired.
10. He had completed his B.Tech before he got married.
11. He had already taken the money from his parents.
12. He had done his homework by this time yesterday.
1. She had written a Spoken English book before 1995.

2. She had just eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night.
3. She had paid the electricity bill before the due date.
4. She had gone to the office before 9 o’clock today.
5. She had come back home by the time I called her.
6. She had never been to Chennai before she joined Degree.
7. She had given the money to him before he asked her.
8. She had bought a new bike before she moved to Chennai.
9. She had retired from the job before my father retired.
10. She had completed her B.Tech before she got married.
11. She had already taken the money from her parents.
12. She had done her homework by this time yesterday.

1. It had eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night.
2. It had gone to bed before I arrived home last night.
3. It had woken up before I woke up this morning.

7. I hadn’t given the money to him before he asked me.
8. I hadn’t bought a new bike before I moved to Chennai.
9. I hadn’t retired from the job before your father retired.
10. I hadn’t completed my B.Tech before I got married.
11. I hadn’t already taken the money from my parents.
12. I hadn’t done my homework by this time yesterday.

1. You hadn’t written a Spoken English book before 1995.
2. You hadn’t eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night.
3. You hadn’t paid the electricity bill before the due date.
4. You hadn’t come back home by the time I called you.
5. You hadn’t been to Chennai before you joined Degree.
6. You hadn’t given the money to him before he asked you.
7. You hadn’t retired from the job before my father retired.
8. You hadn’t completed your B.Tech before you got married.
9. You hadn’t already taken the money from your parents.
10. You hadn’t done your homework by this time yesterday.
1. He hadn’t written a Spoken English book before 1995.

2. He hadn’t eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night.
3. He hadn’t paid the electricity bill before the due date.
4. He hadn’t gone to the office before 9 o’clock today.
5. He hadn’t come back home by the time I called him.
6. He hadn’t been to Chennai before he joined Degree.
7. He hadn’t given the money to her before she asked him.
8. He hadn’t bought a new bike before he moved to Chennai.
9. He hadn’t retired from the job before my father retired.
10. He hadn’t completed his B.Tech before he got married.
11. He hadn’t already taken the money from his parents.
12. He hadn’t done his homework by this time yesterday.
1. She hadn’t written a Spoken English book before 1995.

11. They hadn’t already taken the money from their parents.
12. They hadn’t done their homework by this time yesterday.

1. Had I eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night?
2. Had I gone to the office before 9 o’clock today?
3. Had I done my homework by this time yesterday?

1. Had you written a Spoken English book before 1995?
2. Had you eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night?
3. Had you paid the electricity bill before the due date?
4. Had you gone to the office before 9 o’clock today?
5. Had you come back home by the time I called you?
6. Had you ever been to Chennai before you joined Degree?
7. Had you given the money to him before he asked you?
8. Had you bought a new bike before you moved to Chennai?
9. Had you retired from the job before my father retired?
10. Had you completed your B.Tech before you got married?
11. Had you already taken the money from your parents?
12. Had you done your homework by this time yesterday?

1. Had he written a Spoken English book before 1995?
2. Had he eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night?
3. Had he paid the electricity bill before the due date?
4. Had he gone to the office before 9 o’clock today?
5. Had he come back home by the time I called him?
6. Had he ever been to Chennai before he joined Degree?
7. Had he given the money to her before she asked him?
8. Had he bought a new bike before he moved to Chennai?
9. Had he retired from the job before my father retired?
10. Had he completed his B.Tech before he got married?
11. Had he already taken the money from his parents?
12. Had they done their homework by this time yesterday?

1. Hadn’t I eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night?
2. Hadn’t I paid the electricity bill before the due date?
3. Hadn’t I gone to the office before 9 o’clock today?
4. Hadn’t I already taken the money from my parents?
5. Hadn’t I done my homework by this time yesterday?

1. Hadn’t you written a Spoken English book before 1995?
2. Hadn’t you eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night?
3. Hadn’t you paid the electricity bill before the due date?
4. Hadn’t you gone to the office before 9 o’clock today?
5. Hadn’t you come back home by the time I called you?
6. Hadn’t you ever been to Chennai before you joined Degree?
7. Hadn’t you given the money to him before he asked you?
8. Hadn’t you bought a new bike before you moved to Chennai?
9. Hadn’t you retired from the job before my father retired?
10. Hadn’t you completed your B.Tech before you got married?
11. Hadn’t you already taken the money from your parents?
12. Hadn’t you done your homework by this time yesterday?

1. Hadn’t he written a Spoken English book before 1995?
2. Hadn’t he eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night?
3. Hadn’t he paid the electricity bill before the due date?
4. Hadn’t he gone to the office before 9 o’clock today?
5. Hadn’t he come back home by the time I called him?
6. Hadn’t he ever been to Chennai before he joined Degree?
7. Hadn’t he given the money to her before she asked him?
8. Hadn’t he bought a new bike before he moved to Chennai?
1. Hadn’t they written a Spoken English book before 1995?
2. Hadn’t they eaten dinner before Peter arrived last night?
3. Hadn’t they paid the electricity bill before the due date?
4. Hadn’t they gone to the office before 9 o’clock today?
5. Hadn’t they come back home by the time I called them?
6. Hadn’t they ever been to Chennai before they joined Degree?
7. Hadn’t they given the money to him before he asked them?
8. Hadn’t they bought a new bike before they moved to Chennai?
9. Hadn’t they retired from the job before my father retired?
10. Hadn’t they completed their B.Tech before they got married?
11. Hadn’t they already taken the money from their parents?
12. Hadn’t they done their homework by this time yesterday?
1. I had got this job before I completed my B Tech.

2. I had already arrived my home before the rain started.
3. I had ordered the food before you arrived here.
4. I had arrived at NEO by the time the class started.
5. I had studied everything by the time exams started.
6. I had learned English at NEO before you learned.
7. I had submitted the report to the boss before he asked.
8. I had bought this bike before I came to Hyderabad.
9. I had sold my old house before I moved to Bengaluru.
10. I had never eaten at KFC restaurant before I came here.
11. I had gone to sleep by the time my father arrived home.
12. I had never seen my wife before I got married to her.
13. I had given up smoking before I got married.
14. I had bought a mobile before my father bought me one.
15. I had woken up before my brother woke up today.
16. I had cooked biryani by the time my relatives arrived.
17. I had written the exam by 12 o’clock this afternoon.
18. I had driven 50 kilometers by the time accident took place.
Signal / clue words: For, Since, Before, All day etc.
Note: Sometimes use use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense to show cause
and effect.
Examples:
1. John was tired because he had been jogging for 2 hours.
2. Peter got good marks because he had been studying hard.

1. I had been preparing for 6 months by the time exams started.
2. I had been driving the car for 3 days when the accident
happened.
3. I had been working in Chennai for 10 years by the time I retired.
4. I had been teaching at NEO since I completed my degree.
5. I had been studying since seven o’clock that day morning.
6. I had been learning English for 6 months when I left for the
USA.
7. I had been waiting here for 2 hours by the time bus arrived.
8. I had been playing tennis for only 20 minutes when the rain
started.
9. I had been talking for over an hour before Peter arrived.
10. I had been sitting here alone at my home all day yesterday.
11. I had been watching television since 5 o’clock yesterday
evening.
12. I had been sleeping for seven hours by this time yesterday.

1. You had been working in Chennai for 10 years by the time you
retired.
2. You had been studying since seven o’clock that day morning.
3. You had been learning English for 6 months when you left for
the USA.
4. You had been talking for over an hour before Peter arrived.
10. She had been sittings here alone at her home all day yesterday.
11. She had been watching television since 5 o’clock yesterday
evening.
12. She had been sleeping for seven hours by this time yesterday.
1. We had been preparing for 6 months by the time exams started.

2. We had been driving the car for 3 days when the accident
happened.
3. We had been working in Chennai for 10 years by the time we
retired.
4. We had been teaching at NEO since we completed our
degree.
5. We had been studying since seven o’clock that day morning.
6. We had been learning English for 6 months when we left for the
USA.
7. We had been waiting here for 2 hours by the time bus arrived.
8. We had been playing tennis for only 20 minutes when the rain
started.
9. We had been talking for over an hour before Peter arrived.
10. We had been sitting here alone at our home all day yesterday.
11. We had been watching television since 5 o’clock yesterday
evening.
12. We had been sleeping for seven hours by this time yesterday.

1. They had been preparing for 6 months by the time exams
started.
2. They had been driving the car for 3 days when the accident
happened.
3. They had been working in Chennai for 10 years by the time they
retired.
4. They had been teaching at NEO since they completed their
degree.
5. They had been studying since seven o’clock that day morning.
6. They had been learning English for 6 months when they left for
the USA.
12. Had you been sleeping for seven hours by this time yesterday?

1. Had he been preparing for 6 months by the time exams started?
2. Had he been driving the car for 3 days when the accident
happened?
3. Had he been working in Chennai for 10 years by the time he
retired?
4. Had he been teaching at NEO since he completed his degree?
5. Had he been studying since seven o’clock that day morning?
6. Had he been learning English for 6 months when he left for the
USA?
7. Had he been waiting here for 2 hours by the time bus arrived?
8. Had he been playing tennis for only 20 minutes when the rain
started?
9. Had he been talking for over an hour before John arrived?
10. Had he been sitting here alone at his home all day yesterday?
11. Had he been watching television since 5 o’clock yesterday
evening?
12. Had he been sleeping for seven hours by this time yesterday?

1. Had she been preparing for 6 months by the time exams started?
2. Had she been driving the car for 3 days when the accident
happened?
3. Had she been working in Chennai for 10 years by the time she
retired?
4. Had she been teaching at NEO since she completed her
degree?
5. Had she been studying since seven o’clock that day morning?
6. Had she been learning English for 6 months when she left for the
USA?
7. Had she been waiting here for 2 hours by the time bus arrived?
8. Had she been playing tennis for only 20 minutes when the rain
started?
9. Had she been talking for over an hour before John arrived?
10. Had she been sitting here alone at her home all day yesterday?
1. I had been flying for 12 hours before I finally reached London.
2. I had been playing cricket for a few minutes when the rain
started.
3. I had been working in Chennai for 5 years by the time I retired.
4. I had been waiting for 2 hours by the time I got on the bus.
5. I had been sleeping for twelve hours when he woke me up.
6. I had been practicing for 2 months before the match conducted.
7. My neighbor’s dog had been barking all morning.

8. It had been raining hard in here all night last night.
9. He said that he had been working since that day morning.
10. She said that she had been doing shopping for 2 hours.
11. I was tired because I had been working for several hours.
12. I fell asleep because I had been reading all night last night.
9. Future Simple Tense

USE 1: To express a voluntary action
For the action that happens at a specific event or time in the future. We
also use the Simple Future tense for voluntary actions, instant decisions
and promises.
Structure: Subject + will + Verb (Base form / V1) + Object
7. He will stay at home all day tomorrow.
8. He will learn English at NEO very soon.
9. He will get her some coffee when she comes.
10. He will definitely buy you a new watch today.
11. He will help John with money if he asks.
12. He will pay the telephone bill online today.

1. She will never eat meat at restaurants again.
2. She will call him before she leaves for Mumbai.
3. She will send him some money next week.
4. She will never go to that clothes shop again.
5. She will finish her work by 5 o’clock today.
6. She will come to Hyderabad next week.
7. She will stay at home all day tomorrow.
8. She will learn English at NEO very soon.
9. She will get her some coffee when she comes.
10. She will definitely buy you a new watch today.
11. She will help John with money if he asks.
12. She will pay the telephone bill online today.
1. We will never eat meat at restaurants again.

2. We will call him before we leave for Mumbai.
3. We will send him some money next week.
4. We will never go to that clothes shop again.
5. We will finish our work by 5 o’clock today.
6. We will come to Hyderabad next week.
7. We will stay at home all day tomorrow.
8. We will learn English at NEO very soon.
9. We will get her some coffee when she comes.
10. We will definitely buy you a new watch today.
11. We will help John with money if he asks.
12. We will pay the telephone bill online today.
5. You won’t help John with money if he asks.
6. You won’t pay the telephone bill online today.
1. He won’t eat meat at restaurants again.

2. He won’t call her before he leaves for Mumbai.
3. He won’t send her any money next week.
4. He won’t go to that clothes shop again.
5. He won’t finish his work by 5 o’clock today.
6. He won’t come to Hyderabad next week.
7. He won’t stay at home all day tomorrow.
8. He won’t learn English at NEO very soon.
9. He won’t get her some coffee when she comes.
10. He won’t buy him a new watch today.
11. He won’t help John with money if he asks.
12. He won’t pay the telephone bill online today.
1. She won’t eat meat at restaurants again.

2. She won’t call him before she leaves for Mumbai.
3. She won’t send him any money next week.
4. She won’t go to that clothes shop again.
5. She won’t finish her work by 5 o’clock today.
6. She won’t come to Hyderabad next week.
7. She won’t stay at home all day tomorrow.
8. She won’t learn English at NEO very soon.
9. She won’t get her some coffee when she comes.
10. She won’t buy him a new watch today.
11. She won’t help John with money if he asks.
12. She won’t pay the telephone bill online today.
1. We won’t eat meat at restaurants again.

2. We won’t call him before we leave for Mumbai.
3. We won’t send him any money next week.
9. Will you get her some coffee when she comes?
10. Will you definitely buy him a new watch today?
11. Will you help John with money if he asks?
12. Will you pay the telephone bill online today?

1. Will he never eat meat at restaurants again?
2. Will he call her before he leaves for Mumbai?
3. Will he send her any money next week?
4. Will he never go to that clothes shop again?
5. Will he finish his work by 5 o’clock today?
6. Will he come to Hyderabad next week?
7. Will he stay at home all day tomorrow?
8. Will he learn English at NEO very soon?
9. Will he get her some coffee when she comes?
10. Will he definitely buy me a new watch today?
11. Will he help John with money if he asks?
12. Will he pay the telephone bill online today?
1. Will she never eat meat at restaurants again?

2. Will she call him before she leaves for Mumbai?
3. Will she send him any money next week?
4. Will she never go to that clothes shop again?
5. Will she finish her work by 5 o’clock today?
6. Will she come to Hyderabad next week?
7. Will she stay at home all day tomorrow?
8. Will she learn English at NEO very soon?
9. Will she get her some coffee when she comes?
10. Will she definitely buy him a new watch today?
11. Will she help John with money if he asks?
12. Will she pay the telephone bill online today?
1. Will we never eat meat at restaurants again?

2. Will we call him before we leave for Mumbai?
9. Won’t you get her some coffee when she comes?
10. Won’t you definitely buy him a new watch today?
11. Won’t you help John with money if he asks?
12. Won’t you pay the telephone bill online today?

1. Won’t he eat meat at restaurants again?
2. Won’t he call her before he leaves for Mumbai?
3. Won’t he send her any money next week?
4. Won’t he go to that clothes shop again?
5. Won’t he finish his work by 5 o’clock today?
6. Won’t he come to Hyderabad next week?
7. Won’t he stay at home all day tomorrow?
8. Won’t he learn English at NEO very soon?
9. Won’t he get her some coffee when she comes?
10. Won’t he definitely buy him a new watch today?
11. Won’t he help John with money if he asks?
12. Won’t he pay the telephone bill online today?

1. Won’t she eat meat at restaurants again?
2. Won’t she call him before she leaves for Mumbai?
3. Won’t she send him any money next week?
4. Won’t she go to that clothes shop again?
5. Won’t she finish her work by 5 o’clock today?
6. Won’t she come to Hyderabad next week?
7. Won’t she stay at home all day tomorrow?
8. Won’t she learn English at NEO very soon?
9. Won’t she get her some coffee when she comes?
10. Won’t she definitely buy him a new watch today?
11. Won’t she help John with money if he asks?
12. Won’t she pay the telephone bill online today?
1. Won’t we eat meat at restaurants again?

2. Won’t we call him before we leave for Mumbai?
11. I will call you as soon as I arrive in Hyderabad.
12. I will buy a new laptop when I go to New Delhi.
13. I will give your money as soon as possible.
14. I will give up smoking someday / one day.
15. I will cook chicken if you come to my home.
16. I will buy a new car if I win the lottery.
17. I will wait for you until you come back.
18. I will teach you some English soon.
19. I will become a doctor in the future.
20. I will leave for Mumbai day after tomorrow.
21. I will talk to him on the phone tonight.
22. I will surely get first rank in my exams.
23. I will check my Email when I get home.
24. I will tell you what I will know about him.
25. I will let you know when your mobile is ready.
26. I will shift to my new apartment next week.
27. I will meet him in office at 5.30 this evening.
28. I will go to bed at 10 o’clock tonight.
29. I will be at my home tomorrow evening.
30. I will open my shop at 9.30 tomorrow morning.
31. I will buy a new house at the end of this year.
32. I will join at Delhi University if I get a good rank.
33. I will sing some songs at the party tonight.
34. I will buy you a gift if you get good marks.
35. I will start working at 9 AM tomorrow.
36. I will take my family to Hyderabad next week.
37. I will collect old coins all over the world.
38. I will lend you some money this evening.
39. I will change my mobile number soon.
40. I will pay all the bills online tomorrow.
41. I will get you chocolates when I go to the shop.
42. I will drop you off at your office now.
43. I will come to see you on Saturday evening.
44. I will get painted my house next year.
45. I will come to the cinema with you tomorrow.
46. I will carry your bag to the bus stop for you.
47. I will wake up early tomorrow morning.
48. I will walk 10 kilometers tomorrow morning.
49. I will pay for the clothes by credit card.
50. I will take you to the park on Sunday evening.
Note: 1. Practice above verbs with subjects “You, He, She, It, We, You, They).
Practice above verbs with negative, Question and Negative questions.
1. What will you / he / she / your brother / John / we / they have
for dinner?
2. When will you / he / she / your brother / John / we / they go

home?
3. How will you / he / she / your brother / John / we / they go to
Chennai?
4. How long will you / he / she / your brother / John / we / they
stay in Delhi?
5. Where will you / he / she / your brother / John / we / they go
tomorrow?
6. Whom will you / he / she / your brother / John / we / they invite
to the party?
7. Why will you / he / she / your brother / John / we / they join at
Neo? (Positive)
8. Why won’t you / he / she / your brother / John / we / they join
at Neo? (Negative)
9. Who will you / he / she / your brother / John / we / they go to

1. You are going to help her with money.
He / She / My brother / Your brother / John etc.

1. He is going to send him the money tomorrow.
2. He is going to come to Hyderabad next week.
3. He is going to stay at home tomorrow.
4. He is going to learn English very soon.
5. He is going to help her with money.
1. We are going to send him the money tomorrow.

2. We are going to come to Hyderabad next week.
3. We are going to stay at home tomorrow.
4. We are going to learn English very soon.
5. We are going to help her with money.
1. They are going to send him the money.

2. They are going to come to Hyderabad next week.
3. They are going to stay at home tomorrow.
4. They are going to learn English very soon.
5. They are going to help her with money.
1. I am not going to send him the money tomorrow.

2. I am not going to come to Hyderabad next week.
3. I am not going to stay at home tomorrow.
4. I am not going to learn English very soon.
4. Are you going to learn English very soon?
5. Are you going to help her with money?
He / She / Your brother / My brother / John etc.

1. Is he going to send him the money tomorrow?
2. Is he going to come to Hyderabad next week?
3. Is he going to stay at home tomorrow?
4. Is he going to learn English very soon?
5. Is he going to help her with money?
1. Are we going to send him the money tomorrow?

2. Are we going to come to Hyderabad next week?
3. Are we going to stay at home tomorrow?
4. Are we going to learn English very soon?
5. Are we going to help her with money?
1. Are they going to send him the money tomorrow?

2. Are they going to come to Hyderabad next week?
3. Are they going to stay at home tomorrow?
4. Are they going to learn English very soon?
5. Are they going to help her with money?

1. Aren’t you going to send him the money tomorrow?
2. Aren’t you going to come to Hyderabad next week?
3. Aren’t you going to stay at home tomorrow?
4. Aren’t you going to learn English very soon?
5. Aren’t you going to help her with money?
3. Who is going to play chess with you tomorrow?
4. Who is going to receive you at the bus station?
10. Future Continuous Tense
USE 1: For actions Interrupted or at Specific time in

the Future
For an action that will be happening at a specific event or time in the

future.
Structure: Subject + will be + Verb (ing form / V4) + Object

Ex: I + will be + drinking + coffee
Signal / clue words: When, until, at, all day, at this time tomorrow, at 5
PM tomorrow etc.

1. I will be cooking dinner when she arrives home.
2. I will be eating dinner at 8 o’clock tonight.
3. I will be going to the college at this time tomorrow.
4. I will be driving to work tomorrow morning.
5. I will be coming home on Saturday evening.
6. I will be teaching English at 10 AM tomorrow.
7. I will be still waiting when he comes home tonight.
8. I will be playing tennis at college tomorrow.
9. I will be writing exam at 9 tomorrow morning.
11. She will be reading lessons tomorrow evening.
12. She will be sleeping when Peter arrives home.
It / The dog / My baby / Snoopy etc.
1. It will be sleeping when you arrive home.

2. It will be playing at 5 o’clock this evening.
1. We will be cooking dinner when she arrives home.

2. We will be eating dinner at 8 o’clock tonight.
3. We will be going to the college at this time tomorrow.
4. We will be driving to work tomorrow morning.
5. We will be coming home on Saturday evening.
6. We will be teaching English at 10 AM tomorrow.
7. We will be still waiting when he comes home tonight.
8. We will be playing tennis at college tomorrow.
9. We will be writing exam at 9 tomorrow morning.
10. We will be watching TV until midnight today.
11. We will be reading lessons tomorrow evening.
12. We will be sleeping when Peter arrives home.

1. They will be cooking dinner when she arrives home.
2. They will be eating dinner at 8 o’clock tonight.
3. They will be going to the college at this time tomorrow.
4. They will be driving to work tomorrow morning.
5. They will be coming home on Saturday evening.
6. They will be teaching English at 10 AM tomorrow.
7. They will be still waiting when he comes home tonight.
8. They will be playing tennis at college tomorrow.
9. They will be writing exam at 9 tomorrow morning.
10. They will be watching TV until midnight today.
11. They will be reading lessons tomorrow evening.
12. They will be sleeping when Peter arrives home.
6. Will she be teaching English at 10 AM tomorrow?
7. Will she be still waiting when he comes home tonight?
8. Will she be playing tennis at college tomorrow?
9. Will she be writing exam at 9 tomorrow morning?
10. Will she be watching TV until midnight today?
11. Will she be reading lessons tomorrow evening?
12. Will she be sleeping when Peter arrives home?

1. Will we be cooking dinner when she arrives home?
2. Will we be eating dinner at 8 o’clock tonight?
3. Will we be going to the college at this time tomorrow?
4. Will we be driving to work tomorrow morning?
5. Will we be coming home on Saturday evening?
6. Will we be teaching English at 10 AM tomorrow?
7. Will we be still waiting when he comes home tonight?
8. Will we be playing tennis at college tomorrow?
9. Will we be writing exam at 9 tomorrow morning?
10. Will we be watching TV until midnight today?
11. Will we be reading lessons tomorrow evening?
12. Will we be sleeping when Peter arrives home?

1. Will they be cooking dinner when she arrives home?
2. Will they be eating dinner at 8 o’clock tonight?
3. Will they be going to the college at this time tomorrow?
4. Will they be driving to work tomorrow morning?
5. Will they be coming home on Saturday evening?
6. Will they be teaching English at 10 AM tomorrow?
7. Will they be still waiting when he comes home tonight?
8. Will they be playing tennis at college tomorrow?
9. Will they be writing exam at 9 tomorrow morning?
10. Will they be watching TV until midnight today?
11. Will they be reading lessons tomorrow evening?
12. Will they be sleeping when Peter arrives home?
Note: Practice above questions with other verbs also.
11. Future Perfect Tense
For a Completed Action before Something in the

Future
For an action that will be happening at a specific event or time in the

future.
Structure: Subject + will have + Verb (Past Participle / V3) + Object
Ex: I + will have + drunk + coffee
Signal / clue words: By 8 o’clock, by this time tomorrow, by the time, by

Thursday, by the end of this week, by next month, by this time next year,
before etc.

1. I will have read this book before the next class.
2. I will have written an English book by April 2020.
3. I will have eaten dinner before 8 o’clock tonight.
4. I will have cleaned up the house before they come.
5. I will have gone to the office by the time he wakes up.
6. I will have been to Chennai by this time next year.
7. I will have retired by the end of this year.
8. I will have bought a new phone by end of this week.
9. She will have returned home by five o’clock today.
10. She will have received her promotion by next month.
11. She will have left for work by this time tomorrow.
12. She will have finished her project work by Thursday.
1. We will have read this book before the next class.

2. We will have written an English book by April 2020.
3. We will have eaten dinner before 8 o’clock tonight.
4. We will have cleaned up the house before they come.
5. We will have gone to the office by the time he gets up.
6. We will have been to Chennai by this time next year.
7. We will have retired by the end of this year.
8. We will have bought a new phone by end of this week.
9. We will have returned home by five o’clock today.
10. We will have received our promotion by next month.
11. We will have left for work by this time tomorrow.
12. We will have finished our project work by Thursday.

1. They will have read this book before the next class.
2. They will have written an English book by April 2020.
3. They will have eaten dinner before 8 o’clock tonight.
4. They will have cleaned up the house before they come.
5. They will have gone to the office by the time he gets up.
6. They will have been to Chennai by this time next year.
7. They will have retired by the end of this year.
8. They will have bought a new phone by end of this week.
9. They will have returned home by five o’clock today.
10. They will have received their promotion by next month.
11. They will have left for work by this time tomorrow.
12. They will have finished their project work by Thursday.

1. She won’t have read this book before the next class.
2. She won’t have written an English book by April 2020.
3. She won’t have eaten dinner before 8 o’clock tonight.
4. She won’t have cleaned up the house before they come.
5. She won’t have gone to the office by the time he gets up.
6. She won’t have been to Chennai by this time next year.
7. She won’t have retired by the end of this year.
8. She won’t have bought a new phone by end of this week.
9. She won’t have returned home by five o’clock today.
10. She won’t have received her promotion by next month.
11. She won’t have left for work by this time tomorrow.
12. She won’t have finished her project work by Thursday.
1. We won’t have read this book before the next class.

2. We won’t have written an English book by April 2020.
3. We won’t have eaten dinner before 8 o’clock tonight.
4. We won’t have cleaned up the house before they come.
5. We won’t have gone to the office by the time he gets up.
6. We won’t have been to Chennai by this time next year.
7. We won’t have retired by the end of this year.
8. We won’t have bought a new phone by end of this week.
9. We won’t have returned home by five o’clock today.
10. We won’t have received our promotion by next month.
11. We won’t have left for work by this time tomorrow.
12. We won’t have finished our project work by Thursday.

1. They won’t have read this book before the next class.
2. They won’t have written an English book by April 2020.
3. They won’t have eaten dinner before 8 o’clock tonight.
4. They won’t have cleaned up the house before they come.
5. They won’t have gone to the office by the time he gets up.
6. They won’t have been to Chennai by this time next year.
7. They won’t have retired by the end of this year.
8. Will he have bought a new phone by end of this week?
9. Will he have returned home by five o’clock today?
10. Will he have received his promotion by next month?
11. Will he have left for work by this time tomorrow?
12. Will he have finished his project work by Thursday?
1. Will she have read this book before the next class?
2. Will she have written an English book by April 2020?
3. Will she have eaten dinner before 8 o’clock tonight?
4. Will she have cleaned up the house before they come?
5. Will she have gone to the office by the time he gets up?
6. Will she have been to Chennai by this time next year?
7. Will she have retired by the end of this year?
8. Will she have bought a new phone by end of this week?
9. Will she have returned home by five o’clock today?
10. Will she have received her promotion by next month?
11. Will she have left for work by this time tomorrow?
12. Will she have finished her project work by Thursday?
1. Will we have read this book before the next class?

2. Will we have written an English book by April 2020?
3. Will we have eaten dinner before 8 o’clock tonight?
4. Will we have cleaned up the house before they come?
5. Will we have gone to the office by the time he gets up?
6. Will we have been to Chennai by this time next year?
7. Will we have retired by the end of this year?
8. Will we have bought a new phone by end of this week?
9. Will we have returned home by five o’clock today?
10. Will we have received our promotion by next month?
11. Will we have left for work by this time tomorrow?
12. Will we have finished our project work by Thursday?

1. Will they have read this book before the next class?
9. Won’t he have returned home by five o’clock today?
10. Won’t he have received his promotion by next month?
11. Won’t he have left for work by this time tomorrow?
12. Won’t he have finished his project work by Thursday?
1. Won’t she have read this book before the next class?
2. Won’t she have written an English book by April 2020?
3. Won’t she have eaten dinner before 8 o’clock tonight?
4. Won’t she have cleaned up the house before they come?
5. Won’t she have gone to the office by the time he gets up?
6. Won’t she have been to Chennai by this time next year?
7. Won’t she have retired by the end of this year?
8. Won’t she have bought a new phone by end of this week?
9. Won’t she have returned home by five o’clock today?
10. Won’t she have received her promotion by next month?
11. Won’t she have left for work by this time tomorrow?
12. Won’t she have finished her project work by Thursday?
1. Won’t we have read this book before the next class?

2. Won’t we have written an English book by April 2020?
3. Won’t we have eaten dinner before 8 o’clock tonight?
4. Won’t we have cleaned up the house before they come?
5. Won’t we have gone to the office by the time he gets up?
6. Won’t we have been to Chennai by this time next year?
7. Won’t we have retired by the end of this year?
8. Won’t we have bought a new phone by end of this week?
9. Won’t we have returned home by five o’clock today?
10. Won’t we have received our promotion by next month?
11. Won’t we have left for work by this time tomorrow?
12. Won’t we have finished our project work by Thursday?
1. Won’t they have read this book before the next class?
For an action will continue up until a particular event or time in the future.
Structure: Subject + will have been + Verb (ing form / V4) + Object
Ex: I + will have been + drinking + coffee
Signal / clue words: For, since, before, by the time, all day etc.
1. Positive Sentences

1. I will have been reading for two hours when you come here.
2. I will have been driving for an hour by the time I get home.
3. I will have been working in that office since 2022.
4. I will have been teaching at NEO since June 2020.
5. I will have been studying since three o’clock tomorrow evening.
6. I will have been learning English since June, next year.
7. I will have been waiting for over 2 hours when her plane arrives.
8. I will have been playing tennis for a long time by the time I
retire.
9. I will have been talking for over an hour when Peter arrives.
10. I will have been sitting here watching TV whole day tomorrow.
11. I will have been watching television since 6 o’clock.
12. I will have been sleeping for several hours when Peter arrives.

1. You will have been studying since three o’clock tomorrow
evening.
2. You will have been waiting for over 2 hours when her plane
arrives.
3. You will have been playing tennis for a long time by the time
you retire.
1. We will have been reading for two hours when you come here.
2. We will have been driving for an hour by the time we get home.
3. We will have been working in that office since 2022.
4. We will have been teaching at NEO since June 2020.
5. We will have been studying since three o’clock tomorrow
evening.
6. We will have been learning English since June next year.
7. We will have been waiting for over 2 hours when her plane
arrives.
8. We will have been playing tennis for a long time by the time we
retire.
9. We will have been talking for over an hour when Peter arrives.
10. We will have been sitting here watching TV whole day
tomorrow.
11. We will have been watching television since 6 o’clock.
12. We will have been sleeping for several hours when Peter arrives.

1. They will have been reading for two hours when you come here.
2. They will have been driving for an hour by the time they get
home.
3. They will have been working in that office since 2022.
4. They will have been teaching at NEO since June 2020.
5. They will have been studying since three o’clock tomorrow
evening.
6. They will have been learning English since June, next year.
7. They will have been waiting for over 2 hours when her plane
arrives.
8. They will have been playing tennis for a long time by the time
they retire.
9. They will have been talking for over an hour when Peter arrives.
10. They will have been sitting here watching TV whole day
tomorrow.
11. They will have been watching television since 6 o’clock.
12. They will have been sleeping for several hours when Peter
arrives.
tomorrow?
11. Will he have been watching television since 6 o’clock?
12. Will he have been sleeping for several hours when Peter arrives?
1. Will she have been reading for two hours when you come here?
2. Will she have been driving for an hour by the time she gets
home?
3. Will she have been working in that office since 2022?
4. Will she have been teaching at NEO since June 2020?
5. Will she have been studying since three o’clock tomorrow
evening?
6. Will she have been learning English since June, next year?
7. Will she have been waiting for over 2 hours when her plane
arrives?
8. Will she have been playing tennis for a long time by the time she
retires?
9. Will she have been talking for over an hour when Peter arrives?
10. Will she have been sitting here watching TV whole day
tomorrow?
11. Will she have been watching television since 6 o’clock?
12. Will she have been sleeping for several hours when Peter
arrives?
1. Will we have been reading for two hours when you come here?
2. Will we have been driving for an hour by the time we get home?
3. Will we have been working in that office since 2022?
4. Will we have been teaching at NEO since June 2020?
5. Will we have been studying since three o’clock tomorrow
evening?
6. Will we have been learning English since June, next year?
7. Will we have been waiting for over 2 hours when her plane
arrives?
8. Will we have been playing tennis for a long time by the time we
retires?
4. I will have been waiting for 2 hours by the time I get on the bus.
5. I will have been sleeping for 12 hours before he wakes me up
tomorrow.
6. I will have been practicing well for 2 months before the match
conducts.
7. He said “I will have been working since tomorrow morning”.

8. She said “I will have been doing shopping for 2 hours before you
arrive”.
9. I will be tired by this time tomorrow because I will have been
working for 6 hours.
10. I will get marks in the exams because I will have been studying
hard for 4 months.
13. The verb “to have “(Have & has)
Present Tense
1. Positive sentences
No I / you / we / you / they etc. He / she / It / my brother / John etc.
1 I have a computer at my home. He has a computer at his home.

2 I have a bad headache now. He has a bad headache now.
3 I have Type 2 diabetes. He has Type 2 diabetes.
11 I don’t have much homework to do. He doesn’t have much homewo
12 I don’t have English books. He doesn’t have English books.
13 I don’t have exams next week. He doesn’t have exams next we
14 I don’t have bread and jam to eat. He doesn’t have bread and jam
15 I don’t have any appointments today. He doesn’t have any appointme
16 I don’t have a fear of spiders. He doesn’t have a fear of spider
17 I don’t have a lot of patience. He doesn’t have a lot of patienc
18 I don’t have anything to do at home. He doesn’t have anything to do
I / you / we / you / they etc He / she / It / Your brother / Jo
1 Do you have a computer at your home? Does he have a computer at his

2 Do you have a bad headache now? Does he have a bad headache no
3 Do you have Type 2 diabetes? Does he have Type 2 diabetes?
4 Do you have a pain in your hand now? Does he have a pain in his hand
5 Do you have passport with you? Does he have passport with him
6 Do you have a problem with my mobile? Does he have a problem with hi
7 Do you have a best friend? Does he have a best friend?
8 Do you have any friends here? Does he have any friends here?
9 Do you have any money with you? Does he have money any with h
10 Do you have money for food? Does he have money for food?
11 Do you have a lot of homework to do? Does he have a lot of homework
12 Do you have English books? Does he have English books?
13 Do you have exams next week? Does he have exams next week?
14 Do you have bread and jam to eat? Does he have bread and jam to e
15 Do you have any appointments today? Does he have any appointments
16 Do you have a fear of spiders? Does he have a fear of spiders?
17 Do you have a lot of patience? Does he have a lot of patience?
18 Do you have anything to do at home? Does he have anything to do at
1. I had a desktop computer last year.
2. I had a bad headache last night.
3. I had a problem with my mobile yesterday.
4. I had a lot of homework to do on Sunday.
5. I had some English books when I was in 10th.
6. I had physics exams day before yesterday.
7. I had a dentist appointment yesterday.
8. I had a fear of spiders when I was a child.
Negative sentences
1. I didn’t have a desktop computer last year.
2. I didn’t have a bad headache last night.
3. I didn’t have a problem with my mobile yesterday.
4. I didn’t have a lot of homework to do on Sunday.
5. I didn’t have some English books when I was in 10th.
6. I didn’t have physics exams day before yesterday.
7. I didn’t have a dentist appointment yesterday.
8. I didn’t have a fear of spiders when I was a child.
Positive Questions
1. Did you have a desktop computer last year?
2. Did you have a bad headache last night?
3. Did you have a problem with your mobile yesterday?
4. Did you have a lot of homework to do on Sunday?
5. Did you have some English books when you were in 10th?
6. Did you have physics exams day before yesterday?
7. Did you have a dentist appointment yesterday?
8. Did you have a fear of spiders when you were a child?
Negative Questions
1. Didn’t you have a desktop computer last year?
2. Didn’t you have a bad headache last night?
3. Didn’t you have a problem with your mobile yesterday?
4. Didn’t you have a lot of homework to do on Sunday?
5. Didn’t you have some English books when you were in 10th?
6. Didn’t you have physics exams day before yesterday?
1. Won’t you have a holiday tomorrow?
2. Won’t you have college tomorrow?
3. Won’t you have a lot of money next year?
4. Won’t you have much work at your home on Sunday?
5. Won’t you have physics exams day after tomorrow?
Wh questions:
1. What will you have to eat at home now?
2. Which exam will you have tomorrow?
3. Who will you have match with today?
4. How much money will you have tomorrow?
14. The verb “to be” (Am, are & is)

Commonly used nouns
Proper Nouns John Mary Snoopy SVU Mumbai
Student/ Dog/ Book / Park/ Businessman/

Common Students Dogs Books Parks Businessmen
Nouns
Water Air Sugar Coffee Luggage
Collective
Police Navy Crowd Nation Jury
Nouns
Material
Gold silver Iron steel Milk
Nouns
Positive Sentences
1. I am John.
2. I am a student of NEO now.
3. He is Peter.
4. He is a student of NEO.
We are students. We are not students. Are we students?
You are students. You are not students. Are you students?
They are students. They are not students. Are they students?
This is a book. This is not a book. Is this a book?
This is milk. This is not milk. Is this milk?
That is a book. That is not a book. Is that a book?
These are books. These are not books. Are these books?
Those are books. Those are not books. Are those books?
Wh question:
1. Who are you / we / they?
2. Who am I?
3. Who is he / she / this / that?
4. What is it / this / that?
5. What are these / those?
Past Tense
Positive Sentences
1. I was a student of NEO last year.
2. He / She was a student of NEO in 2015.
3. John / Mary was a student of NEO before.
4. It / Snoopy was my dog before.
5. We were students of NEO last year.
6. They were my neighbors when I was in Chennai.
.
Sample Forms
Positive Negative Positive Question
future. future. future?
She will be a student in She won’t be a student in Will she be a student
future. future. in future?
It will be my dog in It won’t be my dog in Will it be your dog in
We will be students in We won’t be students in Will we be students in
They will be students in They won’t be students in Will they be students
future. future. in future?
John will be a student in John won’t be a student Will John be a student
future. in future. in future?
15. Prepositions
Prepositions are words which link nouns, pronouns and phrases to other
words in a sentence. Prepositions usually describe the position of
something, the time when something happens and the way in which
something is done.
Location / Place
At In On Near
Under / Beneath Below Beside / by Above
Between Behind In front of Opposite
Time
At By Around On
We are in the office We are not in the office Are we in the office
now. now. now?
They are the office They are not in the Are they in the office
now. office now. now?
There is some sugar in There is no sugar in the Is there any sugar in
the bowl now. bowl now. the bowl now?
There are some books There are no books on Are there any books on
on the table now. the table now. the table now?
WH questions examples
1. Where are you / your parents now?
2. Where is he / she / your brother / John now?
1. What is in the table drawer?

2. What is at the end of the road?
3. What is on the dining table?
Past Tense

I was in the office I was not in the office Was I in the office
yesterday. yesterday. yesterday?
You were in the office You were not in the Were you in the office
yesterday. office yesterday. yesterday?
He was in the office He was not in the Was he in the office
She was in the office She was not in the Was she in the office
It was in the office It was not in the office Was it in the office
yesterday. yesterday. yesterday?
We were in the office We were not in the Were we in the office
They were in the They were not in the Were they in the office
office yesterday. office yesterday. yesterday?
There was some sugar There was no sugar in Was there any sugar in
in the bowl. the bowl. the bowl?
She will be in the She won’t be in the Will she be in the
office tomorrow. office tomorrow. office tomorrow?
It will be in the office It won’t be in the office Will it be in the office
tomorrow. tomorrow. tomorrow?
We will be in the We won’t be in the Will we be in the office
office tomorrow. office tomorrow. tomorrow?
They will be in the They won’t be in the Will they be in the
office tomorrow. office tomorrow. office tomorrow?
There will be some There will be no sugar Will there be any sugar
sugar in the bowl. in the bowl. in the bowl?
There will be some There will be no books Will there be any books
books on the table. on the table. on the table?
Examples:
1. I will be in Chennai from 2020 to 2025.
2. I will be in Hyderabad on 25th of April.
3. My father will be in New Delhi for 10 years.
4. I will be at college when you come to Chennai.
5. I will be on the bus at this time tomorrow.
6. My father will be at home at 10 o’clock tonight.
7. John will be in his room when I arrive.
8. We will be in Hyderabad until 2027.
9. They will be in Bengaluru next year.
10. My parents will be in Mumbai in 2020.
WH questions examples
1. Where will you be tomorrow evening?
2. Where will he / she / it be tomorrow evening?
3. Where will your brother be tomorrow evening?
4. Where will John be tomorrow evening?
5. Where will your friends be tomorrow evening?
2. What time will you be here until today?

(Until what time will you be here today?)
Feelings
Angry Happy Pleased Hungry Thirsty
Tired Sleepy Bored Afraid Proud
Excited Nervous Delighted Interesting Upset
Worried Depressed Disappointed Interested Curious
Exhausted Guilty Frightened Confident Boring
Rude Lonely Okay / Alright Confused Sick / ill
Fed up Shocked Comfortable Ashamed Eager
For Pictures of Adverbs, Adjectives,

Prepositions, etc.
buy our book
“Children’s Wonderful Picture Dictionary: (An Excellent Vocabulary
Builder for Kids)” by NEO
Examples:
1. I am very busy now.

2. I am busy working now.
3. I am tired of working / your lies.
4. I am scared of going out.
5. I am upset with your performance.
33. I am worried about my future.
34. I am fed up with my work.
35. I am disappointed with my results.
36. I am sad about that.
37. I am sad that you failed in the exams.
38. It is sad that you are leaving us.
39. I am proud of my daughter.
40. I am ashamed of myself.
Forms with Adjective “Happy” (Present)
I am happy now. I am not happy now. Am I happy now?

You are not happy
You are happy now. Are you happy now?
now.
He is happy now. He is not happy now. Is he happy now?
She is happy now. She is not happy now Is she happy now
It is happy now. It is not happy now. Is it happy now?
We are happy now. We are happy now. Are we happy now?

They are not happy
They are happy now. Are they happy now?
now.
WH Questions:
1. Why are you happy today?

2. Why are you interested in this job?
3. What are you good at?
Whether
Sunny Cloudy Rainy Windy Stormy

Foggy Breezy Clear Hot Warm
Cold Chilly Humid Scorching Freezing
Temperature
Chilled Cold Cool Warm hot
Age
Baby Juvenile Teenage Young Adult

Old / Aged Elderly Junior Senior Old
Taste
Sweet Salty Spicy Sour Bitter
Nationality
American African French Mexican Indian
Sizes
Tiny Small Big Large Huge

Tall Skinny Thin Fat Medium-length
Shapes
Circle Oval Square Rectangle Triangle

Cylinder Cube Sphere Pyramid Star
Colors
Red Green Blue Pink Black
Orange Grey Purple Yellow Violet
Saffron Indigo White Gold Lime
20. I am hot here.
1. What is he like?
2. How long is it?
3. How far is it?
4. How big is it?
5. How tall are you?
6. How old are you?
7. What color is that?
8. What color is your car?
Order of Adjectives
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Opinion Size Age Shape Color Material Origin Purpose
Note: It is very unusual to have more than three adjectives.
Examples:
1. It is a beautiful old Hindi film.

2. A big red plastic folding hat.
3. It is a big fat old dog.
4. An old square wooden table.
5. He is a nice intelligent young man.
6. She has a round yellow sofa.
7. She has a small round black wooden box.
8. There are four small round wooden tables.
Past Tense
Condition adjectives
Open Closed Alive Dead
Ancient Modern Conscious Conscious
Awake Asleep Married Unmarried
Free Busy Moody Relaxed
Spoiled Crowded Soft Hard
Wet Dry Smooth Rough
Sharp Blunt Empty Full
Contaminated Broken Missing Waste
Awkward Drunken Critical Safe
Examples:
1. Peter is married to Anitha.

2. He is unconscious now.
3. He is in critical condition.
4. This bus is crowded now.
5. The tank is full of petrol.
6. My luggage is missing.
Adjectives Illustration with Examples
↑ When will it open? It will open at 10 o’clock

tomorrow.
Verbs
When did it close? It closed at 5 o’clock.
It is closed now.
Verbs
When did he go to bed? He went to bed at 10

o’clock.
He is asleep now.
Is he asleep or awake Adjectives

now?
↓ He is awake now.
When did he wake up? He woke up at 6 o’clock.

Verbs
When will he go to bed? He will go to bed at 10

o’clock tonight.
↑ When will you sell it? I will sell it after 2

years.
Verbs
When did you buy it? I bought it 5 years ago.
It is old.
Is this computer old or Adjectives

new?
Mary is?
Where is Mary? Yes, I know where Mary is.

In Answer
A. She is at home. Yes, my father knows where Mary
is.
No, I don’t know where Mary is.

In Answer
No, my father doesn’t know where
Mary is.
Where did she go? Do you know where she went? In Question
Yes, I know where she went. In Answer
A. She went to
market. No, I don’t know where she went. In Answer
Do you know what time it is? In Question

What time is it?
Yes, I know what time it is. In Answer
A. It is 8 o’clock.
No, I don’t know what time it is. In Answer
Do you know what it is? In Question

What is it?
Yes, I know what it is. In Answer
A. It is a sweet.
No, I don’t know what it is. In Answer
What did I say? Do you remember what I said? In Question

Do you know when he left home? In Question
When did he leave
home? Yes, I know when he left home. In Answer
He left home an No, I don’t know when he left

hour ago. In Answer
home.
Do you know how to operate this

In Question
phone?
How to operate this Yes, I know how to operate this
In Answer
phone? phone.
No, I don’t know how to operate
In Answer
this phone.
Is it possible? Do you think it is possible? In Question

Yes, I think it is possible. In Answer
A. Yes, It is
possible. No, I don’t think it is possible. In Answer
Is John at home? Do you know if John is at home? In Question

Yes, I know John is at home. In Answer
A. Yes, he is at
home. No, I don’t know if John is at
In Answer
home.
Do know whether John is at home

In Question
Is John at home? or not?
Yes, I know John is at home. In Answer
No, he is not at
home. No, I don’t know whether John is
In Answer
at home or not.
Do you know whether John drinks

How is Peter getting
on? I wonder how Peter is getting on.
Peter is getting on Polite

with his job. questions.
What is he doing
here?
I wonder what he is doing here.
He is doing
something.
What is your
brother like?
I wonder what your brother is like.
My brother is smart.
Note: Practice above questions with other subjects also.
18. Articles (A, An & The)

“A” and “An” are called indefinite or unspecific articles. Use “A / An”
when talking about something which is not known to either the speaker or
listener.
When we speak of something or someone for the first time we use a or an,
the next time we repeat that object we use the definite article the.
I live in a house. The house has four bedrooms.
I ate in a restaurant. The restaurant was very good.
A thief came to house. The thief was tall and fat.
No article:
Do not use an article with countries, states, counties or provinces, lakes
and mountains except when the country is a collection of states such as
“The United States”.
He lives in Chennai near Mereena beach.
I went to NEO yesterday.
We do not normally use an article with plurals and uncountable nouns to
talk about things in general.
He writes books.
He likes sweets.
Do you like rock music?
I ate bread this morning.
Table of Articles
NUMBER INDEFINITE DEFINITE

Singular a / an the
Plural nothing the
Un-Count nothing the
No Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
I have no pen to write
1 I have no money to buy food.
homework.
2 I have no pens left with me. I have no money left with me.
3 There are no pens left. There is no money left
4 I don’t have many pens. I don’t have much money.
5 There aren’t many pens. There isn’t much money.
WH Questions
1. How many pens do you have left?
2. How much money do you have left?
3. How many books are left on the table?
4. How much sugar is left in the cup?
20. Possessive Adjectives, Pronouns & Nouns
Subjective Pronoun I You He She It We You They

Adjectives My Your His Her its Our Your Their
Possessive
Pronouns Mine Yours His Hers X Ours Yours Theirs
Note: No possessive pronoun for “it”
Possessive My My brothers’ Children’s Students’

John’s car
brother’s car car park park
Nouns (Singular)
(Singular) (Plural) (Plural) (Plural)
Positive sentences
theirs.
Possessive Nouns
1. This is not my brother’s pen. This pen is not my brother’s. This is not my
brother’s.
2. This is not John’s pen. This pen is not John’s. This is not
John’s.
Positive Question
Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns
1. Is this my pen? Is this pen mine? Is this mine?

Are these my pens? Are these pens mine? Are these mine?
2. Is this your pen? Is this pen yours? Is this yours?
Is your pen black? Is yours black?
3. Is this his pen? Is this pen his? Is this his?
4. Is this her pen? Is this pen hers? Is this hers?
5. Is this our pen? Is this pen ours? Is this ours?
6. Is this their pen? Is this pen theirs? Is this theirs?
Possessive Nouns
1. Is this my brother’s pen? Is this pen my brother’s? Is this my brother’s?
2. Is my brother’s pen black? Is my brother’s black?
3. Is this John’s pen? Is this pen John’s? Is this John’s?

4. Is John’s pen black? Is John’s black?
WH questions
1. Whose book is this / that / it?
2. Whose books are these / those?
21. Adverbs
Adjective Adverb
Good Well
Fast Fast
Hard Hard
Early Early
Late Late
Daily Daily
Straight Straight
Far Far
Long Long
High High
Examples:
1. I play the piano well.

2. I go to bed early every day.
3. He drives the car fast.
4. He works hard for money.
5. He comes late to college.
Other Adverbs
When How often How long Certainty

Yesterday Always All day Definitely
Today Every day For three days Surely
Tomorrow Frequently For a week Probably
Later Never For ages Certainly
Now Often For a long time
Last Year Once a week Recently / Lately
After Sometimes Since Monday
Before Seldom Since 1997
Where / Place
thing with another.
Types of degree of Comparison

Positive Degree : To Speak about one person or thing.
Comparative Degree : To Compare two persons or things
Superlative Degree : To Compare more than two people or things.
Examples
John is a tall boy. (Positive)
John is taller boy than Peter (Comparative)
John is the tallest boy in the class (Superlative)
Peter has a big car. (Positive)

Peter has bigger car than John. (Comparative)
Peter has the biggest car in this street. (Superlative)
Simla is a cold city. (Positive)

Simla is colder city than Bangalore. (Comparative)
Simla is the coldest city in India. (Superlative)
Note: In Comparative Degree we have to use “than”. And in Superlative

Degree we have to use “the”.
One Syllable Adjectives (Add r / er / st / est)

Positive Comparative Superlative
Big Bigger Biggest
Brave Braver Bravest
Bright Brighter Brightest
Clever Cleverer Cleverest
Close Closer Closest
Cold Colder Coldest
Cool Cooler Coolest
Early Earlier Earliest
Heavy Heavier Heaviest
Lazy Lazier Laziest
Noisy Noisier Noisiest
Skinny Skinnier Skinniest
Spicy Spicier Spiciest
Tasty Tastier Tastiest
Ugly Uglier Ugliest
Wealthy Wealthier Wealthiest
Examples
John is a happy boy. (Positive)
John is happier than Peter (Comparative)
John is the happiest person. (Superlative)

John is the happiest of them all.
John is the happiest of the three
John is the happiest boy in the class.
Two or more Syllable Adjectives (add more & most)

Positive Comparative Superlative
Active More active Most active
Attractive More attractive Most attractive
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
Careful More careful Most careful
Colorful More colorful Most colorful
Comfortable More comfortable Most comfortable
Courageous More Courageous Most Courageous
Dangerous More dangerous Most dangerous
Bad Worse Worst
Many / Much (a lot of) More Most
Little / few (some) Less Least
Near Nearer Nearest
Far Farther Farthest
Old Older / Elder Oldest / Eldest
Examples
1. John is a good football player. (Positive)
2. John is better than Peter at football. (Comparative)
3. John is the best football player in the team. (Superlative)
4. John has many books. (Positive)

5. John has more books than Peter. (Comparative)
6. John has the most books of them all. (Superlative)
7. Earth is near to sun. (Positive)

8. Venus is nearer than earth to sun. (Comparative)
9. Mercury is the nearest planet to the earth. (Superlative)
23. Gender: Masculine & Feminine Nouns

Grammatical gender is a system of noun classification. A common
gender classification includes masculine and feminine categories.
Masculine nouns are words for men, boys and male animals. Feminine
nouns are words for women, girls and female animals.
Masculine (Male) Feminine (Female)

Master Mistress
Milkman Milkmaid
Nephew Niece
Papa Mama
Poet Poetess
Prince Princess
Rooster Hen
Sir Madam
Son Daughter
Uncle Aunt
Waiter Waitress
Widower Widow
Common gender nouns

Baby
Bird
Cat
Child
Cousin
Friend
Parent
Student
Teacher
Box Boxes
Watch Watches
Nouns ending in f and fe make the plural by adding –ves.
Half Halves
Knife Knives
Leaf Leaves
Thief Thieves
Wife Wives
Shelf Shelves
Life Lives
Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.
Baby Babies
City Cities
Toy Toys
Kidney Kidneys
Potato Potatoes
There are some irregular noun plurals. The most common ones
are
Woman Women
Man Men
25. Modal Verbs
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries)
are special verbs which behave irregularly in English. They are different
from normal verbs like “work, play, visit...” They give additional
information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have
a great variety of communicative functions.
Modal verbs are used to express functions such as Permission, Ability,
Obligation, Prohibition, Lack of necessity, Advice, possibility and
probability.
Modal verbs list: can, could, may, might, shall, should (Ought to), would,
have to, must etc.
Modal
Use Examples
Verb
1. I can swim well. (Positive

sentence)
2. He can swim well.
3. I can’t swim well.

1. Ability
(Negative sentence)
4. Can you swim well? (Positive
Question)
5. Can’t you swim well? (Negative
Question)
water.
6. Possibility of general
things 3. You can buy things online with
a debit card.
4. We can’t carry pickle to the
united states.
5. You can save money in the post
office, too.
1. I could swim fast when I was

young.
2. I couldn’t swim when I was a
child.
1. Ability in the past
3. Could you swim when you were
a child?
4. Couldn’t you swim when you
were a child?
1. I could come yesterday even

though I had a fever.
2. I could win the match although I
2. Past possibility didn’t practice well.
(Real) 1. I couldn’t come yesterday

because I had a fever.
2. I couldn’t win the match
because I didn’t practice well.
1. Could I use your phone please?

please?
1. Yes, you may use my computer.

2. Yes, you may open the
2. Giving Permission windows.
3. Yes, you may. (shot answer)
May
1. May I have a glass of water,
please?
3. Request 2. May I borrow your pen, please?
3. May I have something to drink?
(More Formal) 4. May I know your name, please?
5. May I know who is calling,
please?
1. John may be at home now.

2. She may come late today.
4. Probability 3. It may rain tomorrow.
(More chances) 4. She may agree with this plan.
5. Your purse may be in the
bedroom.
1. John might be at home now.

2. She might come late today.
3. It might not rain tomorrow.
Might 1. Possibility
(Past form of
4. John might not be right.
May) (Less chances) 5. She might agree with this plan.
day.
6. You should be able to speak in
English.
1. Peter should be in New York by

now.
3. Expectation
2. The movie should be good.
3. She should be here by now.
4. There should be some milk left.
1. I will call you in an hour.

2. I will speak to you tomorrow.
1. Future action 3. John will come next week.
3. I will stay at home tomorrow.
4. I will be at home this evening.
1. I think John will be here by 8.

2. Prediction 2. I think it will rain tomorrow.
3. I think India will win the match.
1. I will take care of your baby.

2. I will pick you up from the
station.
Will 3. Promising
3. I will help you with money.
4. I will come to your birthday
party.
1. Will you pass me the salt,

1. I said I would help you.
2. I knew John would pass the
exam.
4. Future in the past 3. I told you I would be here before
8.00.
4. I thought you would go to
Chennai.
1. Would you like some coffee?

A: Yes, please.
2. Would you like to drink coffee?

5. Polite offer A: Yes, I would like to drink
coffee.
Would
(Past form of 3. Would you like to join us for
will)
dinner?
A: Yes, certainly.
1. Would you mind if I eat

something?
A: No, not at all.
6. Asking permission 2. Would you mind if sit here?

politely A: No, of course not.
3. Would you mind if I ask you

some money?
A: sorry, I don’t have money.
the right.
1. I had to get up early today.

2. I had to work yesterday.
3. I had to pay the fine because of
Had to you.
(Past form
1. Necessity in the past
of 4. I had to see the doctor, because I
have to)
felt very sick.
5. I had to break the glasses,
because I lost my keys.
1. I must go home now.

2. I must see that movie.
1. Strong obligation /
3. I must buy a new phone.
necessity
4. I must pay the tax this year.
5. I must help her at any cost.
1. You must take some rest.

2. You must stop smoking.
Must 2. Strong 3. You must see that movie.
recommendation 4. You must drive carefully.
5. You must wear seatbelt while
driving.
1. That must be John.

2. They must have eaten a lost.
3. Certainty 3. It must have rained a lot last
party, if he had time.
1. You should have done degree.

2. You should have told him about
Irrespective of your that.
ability to do something 3. I should have taken that job.
Should have
+ V3 in the past it was a
good idea to do, but 4. He should have come to the
you didn't do it. party.
5. You should have been more
careful.
1. She must have been at home, her

car was there.
Logical assumption or 2. He must have won the lottery,
Must have +
V3 we believe the action
he had bought a car.
definitely happened.
3. He must have left the house by
now, because it is 9.30.
1. John may / might have done

this.
2. It might have rained last night.
May have + Speculation
V3 3. It may / might have been a cat.
Might have +
V3 (Past - Real) 4. He may / might have studied
hard.
5. You might have left your purse
at home.
The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or
always and the situation is real and possible. The zero conditional is often
used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the
simple present.
If clause (If + Simple present) Main clause(Simple pre

If this thing happens That thing happens
Examples
1. If you heat water to 100 degrees (°C), it boils.

(Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees Celsius.)
2. If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

3. If you want to come, call me before 5.
4. If I get a headache, I don’t take a tablet.
5. If I have time on Sundays, I go to the cinema.
6. If I go to Chennai, I meet my old friends.
7. If Peter comes to Delhi, he meets me.
8. If it is raining, I take an umbrella.
9. If I don’t have time, I don’t eat breakfast.
10. If I get low marks, my father shouts at me.
Example Questions
1. What happens if we heat water to 100 °C?
2. Do you take a tablet if you get a headache?
3. Does your father shout if you get low marks?
First conditional
The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the
situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and
its probable result. In these sentences the “if” clause is in the simple
present, and the main clause is in the simple future.
If clause (If + Simple past) Main clause (Present conditional)
If this thing happened That thing would happen
Examples
1. If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car.

(I would buy a new car if I won the lottery)
2. If you helped me before, I would help you now.

3. If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
4. If it wasn’t raining now, you would get wet.
5. If you studied harder, you would pass the exam.
6. If I were an animal, I would be an elephant.
7. If I had enough money, I would buy that mobile.
8. If I got a good rank in IIT, I would join in Chennai.
9. If I had time now, I would definitely meet you.
10. If I were you, I would make a complaint on him.
Example Questions
1. What would you buy if you won the lottery?
2. What animal would you be if you were an animal?
3. Would you join in Chennai if you got a good rank in IIT?
Third conditional
The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a
situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the
opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an
unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional
sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the
perfect conditional.
27. Active Voice - Passive Voice
Active voice is a form of verb in which the subject does the action. Passive
voice is a form of verb in which subject receives the action.
The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb)
and the object of a sentence rather than subject.
We use passive voice in 3 cases: 1. Subject is not important. 2. We don’t

know the subject. 3. We don’t want to indicate the subject.
In passive voice we have to use only V3
Example:
Active Voice: Someone stole my bike.
Passive Voice: My bike was stolen (by someone)
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do
not know, however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the
following example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame
anyone (Ex: You made a mistake.)
Positive Sentences (Active & Passive voice)

Tense Subject Verb Object
Present Active: Mary writes a letter every day.

Simple Passive: A letter is written (V3) (by Mary) every day.
Present Active: Mary is writing a letter now.

Continuous Passive: A letter
is being
(by Mary) now.
written
Present Active: Mary has written a letter recently.

Perfect Passive: A letter
has been
(by Mary) recently.
written
Passive Sentences with Two Objects
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that
one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an
object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want
to put the focus on.
Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2

Active Mary wrote a letter to me
Passive A letter was written to me (by Mary)
Passive I was written a letter (by Mary)
As you can see in the examples, adding by Mary does not sound very
elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.
100 Questions & Answers (Active voice & Passive voice)
Active voice Passive voice

No Questions & Answers Questions & Ans
(Subject / Doer is important) (Subject / Doer is not im
1. Present Simple Tense

Does Raju sell milk here every day? Is milk sold here every day?
1
Yes, Raju sells milk here every day. Yes, milk is sold here every da
Does Raju sell newspapers here daily? Are newspapers sold here daily
2
Yes, Raju sells newspapers here daily. Yes, newspapers are sold
Does Rani clean this room every day? Is this room cleaned every day?
3
Yes, Rani cleans this room every day. Yes, this room is cleaned
5 Are you installing the software now? Is the software being installed n
Yes, I am installing the software now. Yes, the software is being insta
3. Present Perfect Tense
Have you posted my letter? Has my letter been posted?

1
Yes, I have posted your letter. Yes, your letter has been poste
Has the manager sanctioned my loan? Has my loan been sanctioned?

2
Yes, the manager sanctioned your loan. Yes, your loan has been
Have the apps been installed on
Have you installed the apps on my mobile?
3 Yes, the apps have been instal
Yes, I have installed the apps on your mobile.
mobile
Has the window cleaner cleaned the windows?

Have the windows been cleaned
4 Yes, the windows cleaner has cleaned the
Yes, the windows have been cl
windows.
Has your mother cooked the chicken? Has the chicken been cooked?
5
Yes, my mother has cooked the chicken. Yes, the chicken has been cook
5. Past Simple Tense
Did Rama kill Ravana? Was Ravana kicked (by Rama)

1
Yes, Rama killed Ravana. Yes, Ravana was killed
Did anybody steal your bike yesterday? Was your bike stolen yesterday
2
Yes, somebody stole my bike yesterday. Yes, my bike was stolen
Did somebody rob your house last night? Was your house robbed last nig
3
Yes, somebody robbed my house last night. Yes, my house was robbed
Did the GM transfer you to Chennai? Were you transferred to Chenna

1 Yes, Sita was cleaning the room when I went Yes, the room was being clean
there yesterday. there yesterday.
Was the cashier selling cinema tickets when you Were cinema tickets being sold
arrived at the theatre this evening? arrived at the the theatre this ev
2
Yes, the cashier was selling cinema tickets when Yes, cinema crickets
I arrived at the theatre this evening. arrived at the theatre this evenin
Was the mechanic repairing your bike when you Was your bike being repaired w
went to the service center yesterday? to the service centre yesterday?
3
Yes, the mechanic was repairing my bike when Yes, my bike was being repair
I went to the service center yesterday. to the service centre yesterday.
7. Past Perfect Tense
Had the mechanic repaired your bike before you Had your bike been repaired be
went to the service centre yesterday? to the service centre yesterday?
1
Yes, the mechanic had repaired my bike before I Yes, my bike had been repaire
went to the service centre yesterday to the service centre yesterday.
Had the cashier sold all the cinema tickets Had all the cinema tickets been
before you went to the theatre this evening? went to the theatre this evening
2
Yes, the cashier had sold all the cinema tickets Yes, all the cinema tickets
before I went to the theatre. before I went to the theatre this
Had someone beaten Raju by the time you went Had Raju beaten (by somebody
to him? you went to him?
3
Yes, somebody had beaten Raju by the time I Yes, Raju had been beaten
went to him. the time I went to him.
9. Future Simple Tense

by next week. next week.
Will the GM have transferred me to Chennai by Will I have been transferred to

next month? month?
3
Yes, the GM will have transferred you to Yes, you will have been transf
Chennai by next month. Chennai by next month.
Present Conditional
Would Raju repair my bike yesterday? Would my bike be repaired yes

1
Yes, Raju would repair your bike yesterday. Yes, your bike would be repai
Would the manager sanction my loan? Would my loan be sanctioned?

2
Yes, the manager would sanction your loan. Yes, your loan would be sanct
Would the GM transfer him to Chennai? Would he be transferred to Che

3
Yes, the GM would transfer him to Chennai Yes, he would be transferred
Past Conditional
Would Raju have repaired my bike? Would my bike have been repa
1
Yes, Raju would have repaired your bike. Yes, your bike would have bee
Would the manager have sanctioned my loan?

Would my loan have been sanc
2 Yes, the manager would have sanctioned your
Yes, your loan would have bee
loan.
Would the GM have transferred him to

Would he have been transferred
Chennai?
3 Yes, he would have been tran
Yes, the GM would have transferred him to
Chennai.
Chennai.
present perfect She said, “I haven’t seen Julie” She said that she hadn’t seen
Julie.
Present perfect She said, “I have been waiting for She said that she had been
continuous hours” waiting for hours.
past simple She said, “I bought a car” She said that she had bought a
She said, “I was walking along the She said that she had been
past continuous
street” walking along the street.
She said, “I had taken English lessons She said that she had taken
past perfect*
before” English lessons before.
She said that she would see me
Future simple She said, “I will (shall) see you later”
later.
Future She said, “I will be playing tennis She said that she would be
continuous tomorrow” playing tennis tomorrow.
She said, “I would buy a car, if I were She said that she would buy a c
Conditional
rich” if she had been rich.
She said, “I can speak perfect She said that she could speak
Can
English” perfect English.
NOTE: 1. No changes for model verbs Might, Could, Should and Must.
No changes for 1. Past perfect, 2. Past perfect Continuous, 3. Future
Perfect and 4. Future Perfect Continuous Tenses. See Past Perfect Tense in
above table.
Word Change
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Now Then
This morning That day morning
This That
These Those
Here There
2. “Do you love me? She asked me if I loved him.
3. “Have you ever been to She asked me if I had ever been to
Mexico?” Mexico
4. “Are you living here?” She asked me if I was living here.
Reported Requests
There’s more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite
way)? For example:
Direct speech : “Close the window, please”
Or : “Could you close the window please?”
Or : “Would you mind closing the window please?”
All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don’t need to report
every word when we tell another person about it. We simply use ‘ask me
+ to + infinitive’:
Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.
Here are a few more examples:
Direct Request Reported Request
1. “Please help me?” She asked me to help her.
2. “Please don’t smoke” She asked me not to smoke.

3. “Could you bring my book She asked me to bring her book
tonight?” that night.
4. “Could you pass the milk,
She asked me to pass the milk.
please?
5. “Would you mind coming early She asked me to come early the
tomorrow?” next day.
To report a negative request, use ‘not’:

Direct speech : “Please don’t be late.”
Reported speech : She asked us not to be late.
Reported Orders
medium. external hard drive.
To extinguish (stop
burning) a flame or Please blow out the candle. (P)
2 blow out candle.

Puncture while the One of my car tires blew out on the
vehicle is in motion. way. (P)
The terrorists blew up that old

To explode. building. (P)
3 blow up
Fill something with air
John blew up nearly 50 balloons.(P)
or gas.
To go out of order or
break Our washing machine broke down
4 suddenly cease to due to electrical failure.(P)
down
function.
She broke up with Peter last
5 break up To end a relationship. month.(P)
The failure of an
The light bulb burnt out yesterday.
electrical device through (P)
overheating.
6 burn out
Physical or mental
I am so burned out with heavy
collapse caused by work.(P)
overwork.
The tennis match was called off
7 call off To recall or to cancel. because of bad weather.(P)
To calm down is to relax After sometime John calmed down

8 calm down and thought for himself.(P)
after being angry.
Continue an activity or
9 carry on Carry on. You are doing well.
task.
We checked in at the hotel at 11
10 check in To register a hotel. o’clock last night. (P)
To leave a hotel after I checked out of the hotel at 10

11 check out o’clock. (P)
paying the bill.
come To meet someone or find I came across my old photos
12 across yesterday. (P)
something by chance.
27 get back To Return. I will see him after I get back.
To enter a place. Or
28 get in enter a small, closed When did you get in last night?
vehicle.
Leave a large, closed
You should get off the train in
29 get off vehicle. (bus, train, Chennai central.
plane)
Enter a large, closed
I am going to get on the train to
30 get on vehicle. (bus, train, Mumbai.
plane)
To leave a place or
I got out of the car and went home.
31 get out Leave a small, closed (P)
vehicle.
To eliminate something How to get rid of lice?
32 get rid of
or someone. I will get rid of Tom.
get Gather or assemble Our apartment residents get
33 together once a month.
together socially.
34 get up To rise, leave bed. I get up at six in the morning.
To stop doing John gave up smoking 10 years

35 give up ago. (P)
something.
Please go ahead and eat before the
36 go ahead Start, proceed. food gets cold.
Give (usually John handed the car keys over to

37 hand over Peter. (P)
unwillingly).
To end a phone
38 hang up Don’t hang up the phone!
conversation.
Wait a short time. Please hold on, I’ll be there in a
39 hold on minute.
Do things more quickly Hurry up and finish your lunch or

40 hurry up we will miss the bus.
than normal.
To continue doing If you keep on asking me about
41 keep on something. Peter, I will get annoyed.
The cricket match kicked off at 10

To start a business. They set up their own company. (P)
57
set up
Prepare equipment,
I will set up a meeting for Friday.
software, etc., for use.
58 shut off To stop operating. Please shut that alarm off.
To sit with a straight

59 sit up back from a lying I sat up and read for some time. (P)
position.
To be less active and
60 slow down You need to slow down.
relax more.
Organize, resolve a I need to sort out the things on my
61 sort out desk.
problem.
To give your opinion
She spoke out for women’s rights.
62 speak out about something in (P)
public.
63 speak up Speak more loudly. I can’t hear you. Please speak up!
To resign from an He wants to step down as party

64 step down president.
important position.
To do something that
65 stick to you promised or to You must stick to our agreement.
continue doing or using.
The plane will take off at six
To leave the ground. o’clock.
66 take off To remove clothes or Take off your shoes before entering
something. the house.
To begin to do I will take up this job at the end of

67 take up this month.
something.
68 take out To remove; extract. I will take out the dog for a walk.
Consider something I will think it over and tell my

69 think over decision.
carefully.
Put clothes on to see if I like these shoes. I will try them
30. Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word which connects two words or clauses or sentences
and shows the relation between them.
Clause: A clause is a group of related words that contain a subject and a

verb.
Independent clause: An independent clause is a clause that expresses a

complete thought. An independent clause can stand alone as a separate
sentence and does not start with a subordinator.
Dependent clause: A dependent clause is a clause that does not express a

complete thought. A dependent clause starts with a subordinator word such
as “when,” “if” or “which.”
There are three main categories of conjunctions that are explained below.
Coordinating Conjunctions (Coordinators)

These conjunctions are used to link or join two words, phrases or clauses
that are equally important and complete in terms of grammar when
compared with each other.
There are seven main coordinating conjunctions: For, And, Nor, But,
Or, Yet, So
Commonly used coordinating Conjunctions

1. And
Ex: 1. I am hungry and thirsty
2. I like to read and write.
3. Either you or John has come tomorrow.
3. Neither / nor
Ex: 1. Jerry is neither rich nor famous.
2. I like neither tea nor coffee.
1. I want neither the red shirt nor blue shirt.
4. Not only / But also

Ex: 1. He is not only intelligent, but also very funny.
2. John can speak not only English but also Hindi.
Subordinating Conjunctions (Subordinators)
These conjunctions are used to join an independent and complete clause

with a dependent clause that relies on the main clause for meaning and
relevance. The dependent clause cannot exist on its own as a sentence and
often does not make sense without the main clause.
Commonly used subordinating Conjunctions
1. Because
Ex: I’m staying in because it’s raining.
2. Even though
Ex: I’m staying in even though the Sun is out.
3. Whereas
Ex: I’m staying in whereas you are going out.
4. Even if
Ex: Even if it rains, I’m going out.
Ex: I’m staying out until the weather turns bad.
17. When
Ex: I’m going out when the weather improves.
18. Whenever
Ex: I go out whenever the weather is good.
31. Types of Sentences

A sentence a group of words, usually containing a verb, that e xpresses a
thought in the form of a statement, question, instruction, or e xclamation
and starts with a capital letter when written.
Ex: John ate an apple.
Four types of sentences
1. Simple sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex sentence
4. Compound-Complex sentence
Simple sentence
A simple sentence has just one independent clause (Subject and only one
verb).
Conversely, the dependent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by
the independent clause, as in the following:
Ex: 1. Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the microwave.
After I came home, I made dinner.
(Dependent clause + Independent clause)
(Note: When the dependent clause comes first, a comma should be used to
separate the two clauses.)
Compound-Complex sentence
A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and
one or more dependent clause.
Ex: 1. When a dog bites a man that is not news because it happens so
often, but if a man bites a dog that is news.
We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to
watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong.
(Independent clause + Dependent clause + Dependent clause +

Independent clause)
32. Gerunds and Infinitives

33. Capitalization
Capitalization is the use of a capital letter at the head of a word. The use of
capitalization helps readers in reading without confusion.
Capitalization Rules
1. The first word of a sentence.

Ex: 1. Yesterday, we went to the park.
2. The pronoun “I”

.
Ex: 1. Yesterday, I went to the park.
3. The first letter of a proper noun (Specific name).

Ex: 1. Yesterday, John went to the park.
2. Yesterday, we went to Neo.
3. I like to live in Chennai.
3. I like Dairy milk chocolate.
4. The first letter in a person’s title.

Ex: 1. This is Dr. Tom.
2. I met Mr. John on the way.
5. The first letter of days, months and holidays (but not seasons).
Ex: 1. We will meet you on Sunday.
2. Today is January 26, 2016
3. The schools are closed on Christmas.
4. This summer is going to be very hot.
We use punctuation marks to structure and organize your writing.
Commonly used Punctuation marks
No Punctuation Sym Description Examples
Full stop /
1
period . To end a sentence. I speak English .
The comma is used
to show a
2 Comma , separation of ideas I speak English ,
or elements within Hindi and Telugu.
the structure of a
sentence.
An exclamation
mark indicates
Exclamation strong feeling
3
mark ! within a sentence, Help! Help!
such as fear, anger
or love.
Use the question
4 Question mark ? mark at the end of What is your name?
all direct questions.
The bookstore
specializes in three
subjects: art,
It is most
architecture, and
commonly used
graphic design.
when listing. Or it
5 Colon : can be used within
Human Resource
a heading, or
descriptive title. Management:
Guidelines for
Telephone Advisers
Semicolons can be
used in English to
join phrases and
Square bracket When you’re That the hostages
12 / [] quoting someone [most of them
and you need to put French] had been
Bracket in some sort of released.
explanation.
Use a set of braces
{1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,
to denote a numeric
13 Braces {} set or to indicate
64}
choices.
{red, blue, yellow}
Use the slash Press Refresh /
instead of or, and Reload button.
etc.
http://www.gmail.com
Slashes are
important symbols
in web-addresses 1 / 2 (one half)
Slash / Oblique Use a slash for Speed is 100 km / h
14 / / fractions
Forward slash
Use a slash to C / o (Care of)
indicate "per" in
measurements
People often use a

slash in certain
abbreviations etc.
Use an ellipsis
when omitting a
word, phrase, line,
Today … we vetoed
15 Ellipsis … paragraph, or more
the bill.
from a quoted
passage. Ellipses
save space.
2. Is he a student? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
No, they
3. Are they students? Yes, they are.
aren’t.
1. Are you going to cinema? Yes, I am. No, I am not.

2. Is he going to cinema? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
No, they
3. Are they going to cinema? Yes, they are.
aren’t.
1. Did you eat an apple? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

2. Did he eat an apple? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
No, they
3. Did they eat apples? Yes, they did.
didn’t.
Past
1. Were you a student? Yes, I was. No, I was not.
2. Was he a student? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.
Yes, they No, they
3. Were they students?
were. weren’t.
Yes, I / we No, I / we
1. Will you go to cinema?
will. won’t.
Future 2. Will he go to cinema? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
No, they
3. Will they go to cinema? Yes, they will.
won’t.
1. Can you speak English Yes, I / we No, I / we

well? can. can’t.
Can 2. Can he speak English

Yes, he can. No, he can’t.
well?
3. Can they speak English
Yes, they can. No, they can’t.
well?
2. He eats apples, doesn’t he? Yes, he does. doesn’t.
3. They eat apples, don’t

Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
they?
1. You have a mobile, don’t

Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Present you?
2. He has a mobile, doesn’t No, he
Yes, he does.
he? doesn’t.
3. They have a mobile, don’t
Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
they?
1. You are a student, aren’t

Yes, I am. No, I am not.
you?
2. He is a student, isn’t he? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
3. They are students, aren’t No, they
Yes, they are.
they? aren’t.
1. You ate an apple, didn’t

Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
you?
2. He ate an apple, didn’t he? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
3. They ate apples, didn’t No, they
Yes, they did.
they? didn’t.
Past
1. You were at home,
Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.
weren’t you?
2. He was at home, wasn’t
Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.
he?
3. They were at home, Yes, they No, they
weren’t they? were. weren’t.
1. You will go to cinema,

Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
won’t you?
2. He will go to cinema,
Future Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
won’t he?
3. They will go to cinema, No, they
Yes, they will.
2. He was not at home, was he? Yes, he wasn’t.
3. They were not at home, were they? Yes, they weren’t.
1. You won’t go to cinema, will you? Yes, I won’t.

Future 2. He won’t go to cinema, will he? Yes, he won’t.
3. They won’t go to cinema, will they? Yes, they won’t.
1. You can’t swim well, can you? Yes, I / we can’t.

Can 2. He can’t swim well, can he? Yes, he can’t.
3. They can’t swim well, can they? Yes, they can’t.
37. Interjections
Interjections are small words that bear no grammatical connection with the
sentences in which they are used. They express the emotions or sentiments
of the speaker or convey hesitation or protest. They are usually followed
by an exclamation mark.
Commonly used Interjections
1. Ah: This expression can express ideas such as pleasure and surprise.
Ex: Ah! I’ve passed.
13. Congrats: To say congratulations.
Ex: Congrats! You have passed the exams.
14. Bravo: Used to admire someone for a job well-done.

Ex: Bravo! Well played Mr. Peter.
15. Bingo: An expression of surprise and, usually, pleasure.

Ex: Bingo! You got it.
16. Cheers: Expressing good wishes before drinking.

Ex: Cheers!
17. Eureka: A cry of joy or satisfaction when one discovers something.

Ex: Eureka! I have found it.
18. Gosh: Used to express surprise or give emphasis or enthusiasm.

Ex: Gosh! It is freezing.
19. Shhh: A silly noise one makes when they wish you to be quiet.
Ex: Shhh! Don’t make a sound.
20. Yahoo: When you are happy or excited about something.

Ex: Yahoo! I have won the lottery.
38. Commonly used Idioms

An idiom is a group of words or an expression gives a figurative meaning,
which is different from the literal meaning of individual words. To
understand English better we need to learn idioms. Idiom is the best way
20 Face the music. Receive punishment for something you hav
21 Fit as a fiddle. Very healthy and strong.

22 Get out of hand. To become very difficult to control.
23 Get the sack. Get fired from a job suddenly.
24 Go the whole hog. Do something fully and thoroughly.
25 Hands down. Win easily.
26 Hang in there. Don’t give up or continue doing something.
27 Hit the nail on the head. Find the exact answer.

28 Hit the sack. To go to bed.
29 Kill two birds with one stone. Achieve two things at once.
30 Leave no stone unturned. Try everything to achieve something.
31 Let sleeping dogs lie. Stop discussing the matter.
32 Let the cat out of the bag. Reveal a secret by mistake.
33 Look like a million dollars. Looks extremely good.
34 Lose your touch. Not to be good at doing as well as before.
35 Miss the boat. To lose an opportunity.

36 My hands are full. Too busy.
37 On cloud nine. Extremely happy.
38 Once in a blue moon. Very rarely.
39 Over the moon. Very happy about something.
40 Paint the town red. To go out and enjoy yourself.
41 Piece of cake. Very easy to do.
42 Rain on someone’s parade. Spoil someone’s plans or enjoyment.
43 Rule of thumb. To do things based on practice than theory.

39. Commonly Used Proverbs
A proverb is a short sentence stating a general truth or piece of advice.
1 A friend in need is a friend in deed.

2 A new broom sweeps clean.
3 A penny saved is a penny earned.
4 A picture is worth a thousand words.
5 Actions speak louder than words
6 All that glitters is not gold.
7 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
8 An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.
9 Barking dogs seldom bite.
10 Beauty is only skin deep.
11 Beggars can’t be choosers.
12 Calm before the storm.
13 Curiosity killed the cat.
14 Don’t bite the hand that feeds you.
15 Don’t count your chickens before there are hatched.
16 Don’t kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.

17 Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.
18 Empty vessels make the most noise.
19 Every cloud has a silver lining.
20 Every dog has its day.
45 Too many cooks spoil the broth.
46 Two heads are better than one.
47 Two wrongs don’t make a right.
48 Where there is a will there is a way.
49 You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make him drink.
50 You can’t always get what you want.
For Imperatives, Phrases & Sentences read our book
“Real life Phrases and Sentences to Speak English Fluently” by NEO
40. Common Expressions
No Expression Examples
I am good at drawing.
I am good at swimming.
I am good at driving.
I am good at sports.
Good at
I am good at writing.
1
I am going to eat some cake.
Going to (gonna) I am going to stop smoking.
I am going to help my friends.
4 You are telling someone what you are
planning to do at that moment or in the near I am going to read a book.
future.
You are gonna have some coffee.
He is gonna have some coffee.
We are gonna have some coffee.
They are gonna have some coffee
I have got to go home now.

(I gotta go now)
Have got to (gotta)
5 There is a greater emphasis on the fact that I have got to move to a bigger hou
they have to do it. As if it's something they I have got to impress my boss.
have been meaning to do, but have put off. I have got to go to office.
I have got to do it right now.
I want to go home now.

(I wanna go home now)
Want to (wanna)
6
A spelling of want to intended to reflect a I want to eat chicken now.
dialectal or informal pronunciation I want to some money tomorrow.
I want to become an engineer.
I want to give you a wonderful gi
I used to jog every day.

I used to paint.
I used to smoke.
They would like to eat something
I have decided to buy a new car.

I have decided to accept the job.
I have decided to complete my de
I have decided to change my bad
Have decided to
I have decided to change all my o
10
You are stating that you have made a
decision or come to a conclusion.
You have decided to buy a new ca
He has decided to buy a new car.
We have decided to buy a new ca
They have decided to buy a new c
I am busy working.
I am busy studying for my test.
I am busy doing my homework.
I am busy talking on the phone.
Am busy I am busy cooking dinner.
11
Refer to something you are doing now.
You are busy working.
He is busy working.
We are busy working.
They are busy working.
I was busy working.

I was busy cleaning the room.
I was busy thinking.
I was busy cooking dinner.
Was busy
I was busy talking on the phone.
12
You can express something that was
occupying you in the past time.
You were busy working.
Don’t feel like
I don't feel like studying at all ton
17 You are saying to express something you I don't feel like explaining.
would not enjoy or express a concern about I don't feel like going to bed.
something.
I don’t feel like eating out this eve
I don’t feel like going out this mo
Want you to I want you to clean the dishes.

I want you to be happy.
18 ‘Want you to' is telling someone that you
have a desire or would like for them to do I want you to call once you get th
something. I want you to explain yourself to m
I want you to tell me the truth.
I am here to attend the meeting.

I am here to apply for the job.
I am here to take a test.
Here to I am here to receive my gift.

I am here to help poor.
19
You are informing someone that you are at a
particular place to accomplish something.
You are here to attend the meetin
He is here to attend the meeting.
We are here to attend the meeting
They are here to attend the meetin
I am sorry to I am sorry to be so late.

I am sorry to trouble you.
20
Saying you are 'sorry to' expresses a feeling I am sorry to hear about your sick
of sympathy or regret.
I am sorry to interrupt you.
I am sorry to disagree with your d
I wish I was taller.
I wish I was rich.
I am sure about that.

I am sure I am sure he will win the game.
25 I am sure that he is an honest man
Confident, as of something awaited or
expected. I am sure that he wants to quit yo
I am sure that he is not coming.
You are supposed to keep that sec

You are supposed to You are supposed to remain calm
26 You are supposed to invite all you
You are making a suggestion that something
you strongly believe ought to happen. You are supposed to do that.
You are supposed to protect you.
I dare say I am right.

I dare say (or daresay) I dare say he is right.
27 I dare say you heard about her.
Used to say that you agree or think that
something is true. I dare say I have given the amoun
I dare say you would like to bind
I don't know what to say.

I don't know what to eat for dinne
Don't know what to I don't know what to buy for your
I don't know what to do for vacati
You are letting someone know that you are I don’t know what to order.
28 not sure about what is being asked. You may
It is too bad that It is too bad that she lost her job.
31 It is too bad that you have to go.
You are expressing a concern or regret for
what has taken place. It is too bad that she got hurt.
It is too bad that you couldn’t com
It is too bad that you do not under
If I were you, I would enjoy my v

If I were you, I would explain wh
If I were you, I would
If I were you, I would continue w
32 Used to what decision you would do given is done.
the circumstances. This can be in past tense If I were you, I would book my re
or in a conditional present.
now.
If I were you, I would answer the
It looks like a balloon.

It looks like It looks like a jellyfish.
33 It looks like a banana.
You could be describing how something is
similar or appears to be by the way it looks. It looks like it is going to rain.
It looks like they are leaving.
I should have gone to bed early.

I should have studied more for my
I should have finished work by no
I should have eaten breakfast.
Should have
I should have listened to your adv
34
You are talking about something in the past
that you 'ought to' or 'might have' done.
You should have gone to bed earl
for. It is no use cleaning up.
For the time being I am staying with my friend for th

40 My sister is using my mobile for t
For the present. Until some other
arrangement is made. You can stay with me for the time
All of a sudden, she began to cry.

All of a sudden All of a sudden, I have to urinate
41 All of a sudden, I heard a loud no
Very quickly or quickly without warning. All of a sudden, the lights went ou
All of a sudden, he stopped talkin
I am thinking of starting a busines

Thinking of
He is thinking of studying MBA.
42 The process of considering They are thinking of moving to M
I am thinking of quitting of my jo
She is thinking of buying a new c
I went to school by train instead o

Instead of He watched TV instead of reading
43 John called Mary instead of Nanc
An alternative or substitute. I want gold instead of money.
Do your homework instead of pla
I go swimming from time to time

From time to time / Now and then My brother calls me from time to
44 I still think of Mary from time to
Occasionally or sometimes We still talk on the phone from tim
I visit my parents time to time.
In fact, I am happy now.

In fact
Without doubt or surely It will rain for sure.
He will pass the exam for sure.
That’s why people like you.

That’s why That’s why he appears so happy.
51 That’s why I am angry with you.
Because of this or therefore
That’s why she doesn’t like you.
That’s why I ran away from that p
I wonder if you would do me a fa

I wonder if / I wonder if you could lend me som
52 I was wondering if I wonder if he will come to the pa
A polite way of asking someone for something. I was wondering if you could do m
I was wondering if you could com
41. Commonly used Conversations
Short Conversations
1 Can you tell me the time, please?

2 Hello sir, What time is it?
3 What day is it today?
4 What is today’s date?
5 Could I borrow your pen?
6 A glass of water, please.
2. What time is it?
Hello sir, what time is it?
It is 7 o’clock.
A B
Thank you.
You are welcome.
3. What day is it today?
Hey Raju. What day is it today?
It is Thursday.
A Raju
Really?
Yes, it is.
4. What is today’s date?
Ravi. What is today’s date?
It is the 10th of August.

A Ravi
Thank you.
Don’t mention it.

8. Excuse me, can I sit here?
Excuse me, can I sit here?
Yes, please.
A B
Thank you.
Don’t mention it.
9. Would you like some coffee?
Would you like some coffee?
No, thank you.
Can I get you some water?
A Yes, please. B
Here you are.
Thank you.
It’s okay.
10. What time does the movie start?
Excuse me. What time does the movie begin?

13. Where is the vegetable market?
Raju. Do you know where the vegetable market is?
A I am sorry. I am new to this place. B

That’s okay.
14. Is there an ATM near here?
Excuse me. Is there an ATM near here?
Yes. There is one near the traffic lights.

A B
Thanks.
Don’t mention it.
15. How to get to the train station
Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the train station?
Sure. Go straight on till traffic lights then turn left and
keep going for 2 minutes, the train station will be on your
A right. B
Thank you very much.
That’s all right.

Hello, Peter. How are you?
A Fine, thanks. How about you? Peter
I am good. Thank you.
19. How much is this?
Excuse me, how much is this?
500 rupees.
500 rupees! That is too expensive. How about that one?

A B
300 rupees.
That’s fine. I will buy it.
No problem.
20. I am going to the store
John, where are you going now?
I am going to the store. I need to buy some books.
Really, I need to go the store, too.

Peter John
Would you like to come with me?
Yes. Let’s go together.

16 Ordering food at restaurant
17 Talking over the phone
18 I would like some tea, please
19 Do you have any children?
20 Did you buy anything?
21 I have a cold and sore throat.
22 I can’t find my bike keys.
23 Did you see the news today?
24 I still have a fever.
25 Borrowing some money
26 I am sleepy now.
27 What do you need for college?
28 Going to a movie.
29 Have you done homework?
30 Parent-Teacher meeting
31 Parent-Teacher meeting
32 I missed the bus.
33 Why were you absent?
34 I am listening to music.
35 Mary called you.
36 Wrong number
37 I am getting fat.
38 My mobile is running slow.
39 Getting bike repaired.
40 How much does it cost?
41 I am not going home.
42 School admission
Self Introduction – In Interviews
1. Sir.
2. My name is John and I am from Tirupati.
3. I am currently pursuing my B.Tech final year in Computer science.
I have recently done B.Tech in Computer science.
4. I am quite good at Java programming. /

I have 2 years experience in Java programming.
5. If I talk about my family there are 4 members; my parents, one
younger sister and me.
6. My hobbies are listening to music and reading books.
7. That is all about me, sir. Thank you.
1. Introduction in the classroom
Hello.
Hi.
My name is John. What is yours?
I am Peter.
It is nice to meet you, Peter.

John Peter
Okay.
3. Friend’s introduction
Peter. This is my friend, Mr. Matt from Mumbai?
Hi. Nice to meet you.
Nice to meet you, too.
Mr. Matt, what do you do?
Matt I study MBA. Peter
That’s fine.
What about you?
I have done B.Tech.
Okay.
4. Introduction in a bus
Hello. My name is Peter. It is nice to meet you.
Hi. I am John. Nice to meet you, too.
Where are you from, John?

I am from Bengaluru. Where are you from?
6. I want to eat something
Hello Matt. How are you?
I am good. Thank you. How about you?
I am very well.
What do you want to do now?
I am really hungry now. So I want to eat something.
What would you like to eat?
I would like to eat some chicken. Do you like chicken?

A Matt
Yes, I like too.
Okay.
Where do you want to go?

I want to go to KFC restaurant. Do you want to come
with me?
Sorry I can’t come now. I have some work at the bank.
Shall we go after an hour?
OK. No problem.
Then, see you after an hour.

Have you been here long?
No, I came here 10 minutes ago. Where are you going
now?
I am on the way my home.
I see.
Okay bye. See you later.
Bye bye
9. I have lost my mobile
Hi John. How are you?
Not good.
I am sorry to hear that. What happened?
I have lost my mobile.
Where and when did you lose it?
I lost it at college yesterday.

Peter John
Did you check in your classroom?
Yes, I checked everywhere.
Was that old or new?
That was old.
Then leave it. You can buy a new mobile
I think so.
Sorry, I really need to go to the class now.
OK. Thanks for your information. Bye
Bye bye.
11. At the train station
Excuse me sir.
Yes, please.
When is the next train to Mumbai?
At 5 o’clock.
May I know the name of the train, please?
It is Rajdhani Express.
Which platform does it leave from?

Enquiry
Passenger
It leaves from platform number five. Office
Could you please tell me when it arrives in
Mumbai?
It arrives in Mumbai around 11 o’clock
tomorrow morning
Where can I buy ticket, sir?
You can buy at the ticket counter or online.
You are welcome.

I'm Jack. It's nice to meet you, too.
What do you do for a living?
I work at a bank. How about you?
I have a shop at City centre.
What do you sell?
I sell computers.
Michael Jack
What kind of computers do you sell?
I sell all kinds of computers. Here is my Business card.
If you want anything please call me?
Sure. Do you come to this restaurant very often?
No, I don’t come here very often. What about you?
I often come here.
Well, have a nice day.
You, too.
14. Shopping a T- shirt
Hello sir, may I help you?
Yes, please. I’m looking for a T-shir
Would you like a plain T-shirt or something else?
I am looking for a plain T-shir
What size are you?

15. Opening a bank account
Good morning, sir
Good morning, how can I help you?
I would like to see the manager, please.
Sure, he is in his cabin. You can meet him right now.
Excuse me, Sir. May I come in?
Yes, you may come in.
My name is Jack. It is nice to meet you.
Nice to meet you, too. Please have a seat.
Thank you sir.
What can I do for you?
I would like to open a bank account.

Okay Mr. Jack. What kind of account would like to
Jack open, savings bank or current? Bank
manager
I would like to open a savings bank account.
In order to open SB account, you need to deposit and

maintain five hundred rupees minimum balance.
Okay sir, no problem.
Do you have any photo ID proof with you?
Yes, Sir.
Do you know anyone who has account in this bank?
Yes. My father has account in this bank.

Well. Take the application form. Please fill it up and
give it in the cash counter.
What would you like to eat, sir?
We will have chapati with channa masala.
Your order will be here shortly, sir.
Please
Here is your order. If you need anything else just call
me, sir.
(After some time)
Can I get you anything else? Coffee? Tea?
No, thanks, just the bill please.
Sure. I will be right back. (After sometime)
Here you are. How would you like to pay sir?
I would like to pay in cash.
No problem, sir.
Here you are and keep the change.

You're welcome.
17. Talking over the phone
Hello! Peter How are you? I am Jack.
Fine, thank you. How are you Jack?
Not too bad. What are you doing now?
I'm watching TV.

19. Do you have any children?
Nancy, do you have any children?
Yes.
How many children do you have?
I have two daughters.
How old are they?
Michael Older daughter is 12 and younger daughter is 8. Nancy
What are their names?
Mary and Anne.
What are they studying now?
Mary is in 8th grade and Anne is in 2nd grade.
OK.
20. Did you buy anything?

Nancy, what did you do today?
I went to the mall on MG road.
Did you buy anything?
Yes, I bought some items.
Jessica Nancy
Hey brother, can you please help me?
Sure.
I can’t find my bike keys.
No problem, I will help you.
Thanks.
Did you look in the living room?
A Yes, I have already looked in the living room. B

I will look in the bed room.
Did you find them?
They are not in bed room. I think you might have left with
bike.
I brought them home yesterday.
Wait! Are these your bike keys?
Yes, Those are my bike keys. Thanks.
23. Did you see the news today?
Peter, did you see the news today?

No, what happened?
There was a big earthquake in North India.
Oh my goodness. Was anybody hurt?

Jack Peter
I think they said hundreds of people were killed.
Oh, that is terrible.

I want to buy a book.
How much do you need?
I need about 200 rupees.

Bobby Billy
I have just 150 rupees.
No problem. I will take the remaining from Peter.
Okay. Here the the money.
Thank you. I will repay you tomorrow.
No problem.
26. I am sleepy now
Why are you yawning?

I am sleepy now.
I always yawn when I am sleepy.
Didn’t you sleep well last night?
A Yes. I studied till late night. B

Then Why don’t you go to bed?
I want to watch this TV show, it is interesting.
Okay.
That would be great. When are you leaving for the
theater?
We are leaving at 7.30.
Okay. I will meet you here at 7.30.
29. Have you done homework?

Have you done your homework?
No, I haven’t done it yet.
Then why are you watching TV?
Father I will do homework after some time.

Son
No. Go do your homework first. Then you can watch
TV.
Please, daddy?
Just do what I say.
30. Parent-Teacher meeting
Excuse me, teacher.
Please come in.
How’s my son Samuel doing in his studies?

Samuel is a brilliant student, He is doing well.
But he has to improve his writing skills.
Parent Okay madam, we will try our best. Teacher
It is 8.40, Sir
When should you come to school?
I should have come before 8.30.
Yes, but you came at 8.40 today.
Sorry sir.
Student What is the reason? Teacher
I missed the bus, sir.
You should have started earlier.
Sorry sir.
Okay. Hereafter avoid coming late.
Ok sir.
Sit down.
Thank you, sir.
33. Why were you absent?
Peter …
Yes Madam.
Why were you absent yesterday and day before
yesterday?
I went to my sister's marriage, madam.
Peter Why didn’t you send me a leave letter? Teacher
No. When did she call?
One hour ago, I think.
Why didn’t you tell me earlier?
Uncle Sorry, I forgot.

What did she say? Nancy
She said she was waiting for you at college.
OK. If she calls again tell her I am going to be late.
Don’t forget.
Don’t worry. I won’t forget.
36. Wrong number

Hello?
Hi, is John there please?
Sorry, I think you have the wrong number.
Is this 1002340450?
Yes. Could I know who is calling, please?
This is Peter calling.
Who are you calling for again?
John.
John’s
Peter
uncle Oh, I thought you said Jack. Sorry about that.
This is the right number, but John is not here right
now.
Where did he go?
He went to the store. Would you like to leave a
38. My mobile is running slow
Why do you look like that?
My mobile phone is running so slow.
Why is it so slow?
I don’t know.
A Did you take it to a mobile service centre? B
I don’t want to get it repaired because it is very old.
Then buy a new one.
I would buy if I had the money.
Okay. Wait until you get money.
39. Getting bike repaired
Excuse me.
How can I help you?
I gave my bike here for repairing yesterday.

Can you tell me the bike model and registration
number?
Sure. It is TVS Scooty and registration number
is HY02A 1234
Customer Okay. Let me check. Receptionist
Sorry, it hasn’t been repaired yet.
It will be repaired by tomorrow evening.
No, I have too much work to do.
OK. Where do your parents live?
My parents live in Bengaluru.
Is your father still working?
Nancy Yes, he is still working.

Mary
Do you have any brothers and sisters?
Yes, I have two brothers who live in Chennai.
Do you have any family here?
Yes, one of my cousin lives here.
Do you see them a lot?

No, I see them occasionally.
42. School admission
Good morning! Sir.
Good morning. Please sit down.
My name is Sunil. I work as a manager in a bank.
Nice meeting you.
It is great to meet you.
What can I do for you?

Mukherjee.
How do you spell it?
M U K H E R J E E.
Student
Thank you. Anitha, where do you live? Examiner
Mumbai.
Do you study English at school?
Yes, 5 hours a week.
Do you like it?
Yes. I like it.

Thank you. Anitha, what is your favorite school
subject?
My favorite subject is History.
Okay. Tell me about your English teacher?
My English teacher is old, but she is very nice.

Thank you.
Thank you.
44. Speaking test sample 1
Excuse me.
Yes, come on in.
Good morning.
questions.
I am going to record the interview, is that OK.
Yes. No problem.
Okay. Let’s begin. Can we start with your full
name please?
Yes, my name is Suresh Gupta.
Student Nice to meet you Suresh.

Examiner
You too.
May I see your passport please?
Yes. Here you are.

Thank you.
Thanks
So, I will ask you some questions.
Are you ready to begin?
Yes, I am.
Oaky. Can you tell me about your hometown?

Yes, I am from Mumbai. It is the most populous
city in India with 12.5 million people.
Wow.
46. Speaking test sample 3
Door knocking.
I am from New Delhi, the capital of India.
Student Examiner
Can I see your identification please?
Yes, here you go.
Thank you.
Now in this first part I would like to ask you some
questions about yourself
Okay.
Let’s talk about your studies. Where are you
studying at the moment?
I am studying at a deemed university in New
Delhi. My major is journalism.
Okay.
48. Job interview sample 1
Good morning.
Good morning. Please have a seat.
Thank you.
How are you?

I am good. Thank you.
How are you?
Good.
Did you find any difficulty in finding this
place?
No Sir, It wasn’t difficult to find this place. I
checked the directions on the internet.
Okay. Tell me something about yourself?
Good morning, sir?
Good morning.
Please sit down Mr. Suresh Babu.
Thanks.
I am Kishore Sharma the CEO of this
company.
It is great to meet you, sir.
Good to meet you, too.
Suresh let’s start the interview. Are you
ready?
Yes, I am.
Your CV is very impressive. You have done
well in your academics.
Interviewee
Thank you very much, sir. Interviewer
Well tell me something about employment

background Mr. Suresh.
I have been a marketing professional for the
last 5 years and I have worked various
marketing roles.
What would you say about strengths?
I am a hard-working person with positive
attitude towards my career and my life.
Do you mind working overtime?
No, I don’t.
Well Suresh. Nice meeting you. Thanks for
coming.
Nice meeting you, too. Thank you for
interviewing me.
What would you say about strengths?
I am adaptable to the new environment and
flexible too.
My biggest weakness is straightforward.

What are your career goals?
I would like to apply my theoretical
knowledge and skills at my best.
OK. We have finished this phone interview.
Thank you very much for your time and
interviewing me.
Goodbye.
Goodbye.
If you like it, please review with 5 Stars

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The method of teaching in this book for speaking is by reading a lot of

So please keep practicing every day by reading the sentences

Active Voice - Passive Voice

28 Direct & Indirect Speech with Examples

7. Past Perfect 3. Present Perfect 11. Future Perfect

I had eaten an apple I have eaten an I will have eaten

For an action that occurred

8. Past Perfect 4. Present Perfect 12. Future Perfect

We use Present Simple when the action is repeated or usual or general.

Structure: Subject + Verb (base form / V1) + Object

Note: For third person singulars add s / es / ies to the verb

Signal / clue words

Adverbs: Always, usually, frequently, often, sometimes, occasionally,

Time expressions made up of two or more words. Ex : One hour a day,

1. Positive / Affirmative sentences

It / The baby / The dog / Snoopy etc.

We / My brother and I / John and I etc.

They / My friends / Your friends / John and Mary etc.

She / My sister / Your sister / Mary etc.

It / The baby / The dog / Snoopy etc.

We / My brother and I / John and I etc.

He / Your brother / My brother / John etc.

She / Your sister / My sister / Mary etc.

4. Negative interrogative sentences / Questions

You / Your brother and you / John and you etc.

He / Your brother / My brother / John etc.

Yes / No question: A question whose expected answer is either “yes” or

Sample Yes / No Question (Positive)

Yes, I drink coffee. (or)

Yes, my parents drink coffee. (or)

3rd Person Singular

He / She / It / My brother / The dog / John etc.

1. He cleans his room every morning.

1. When do you / they go to the vegetable market?

1. What time do you / they wake up in the morning?

1. What time do you watch TV until at night?

1. How many times do you brush your teeth a day?

1. How much time do you spend with your family?

1. How many hours do you / they sleep at night?

Who - Without Subject & Negative

4. I adore (love + respect) my parents.

1. Where do you / they like to live?

1. When do you / they want to buy a new mobile?

1. Which color do you / they prefer, red or blue?

Who / Whom - With subjects

Who - Without subject

Who - Without subject & Negative

Miscellaneous Questions (Yes / No)

Miscellaneous Questions (WH)

Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous for a longer action which is in

1. I am studying B. Tech now.

USE 3: For Arranged Actions happen in the future

Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something

1. I am coming to Chennai tomorrow.

USE 4: For Repetition and annoyed Actions with

She is always shouting at me. .

1. Positive / Affirmative sentences

1. She is just reading the newspaper.