Embedded Systems and Internet Protocol

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INTERNET OF

THINGS
(IoT)
By
PRANAY NAVYAKRANTH
- 8+ years of Experience in Embedded and IoT trainer
We are going to Learn about
❑ Internet of Things (IoT)
❑ IoT Hardware Applications
- Sensors, Gateways, Electronics and Electrical
❑ IoT Software Applications
- AWS IoT Core, Thingspeak
❑ **Programming Languages
- Python and Embedded C++
❑ I introduce Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi
Contents of the Course:

• Introduction to Internet of Things (IOT)


• Introduction to Embedded Systems
• Introduction to Controllers and Processors.
• Introduction to Arduino
• Introduction to Arduino Programming
• Introduction to TinkerCad (Simulator for Arduino)
• Integration of Sensors and Actuators with Arduino using
TinkerCad
• Introduction to NodeMCU (ESP 32S)
Contents of the Course:

• Integration of Sensors and Actuators with NodeMCU


• IoT Protocols
• Thingspeak Basics
• Publishing Sensory Data to Thingspeak
• MQTT Protocol Basics
• AWS – IoT Core Service.
• Raspberry Pi Basics and its usage.

At the End: Prototype projects – Per team.


What is Internet
of Things(IOT)?
List of IoT Devices
1) Google Home Voice Controller
2) Amazon Echo Plus Voice Controller
3) Amazon Dash Button
4) August Doorbell Cam
5) August Smart Lock
6) Kuri Mobile Robot
7) Belkin WeMo Smart Light Switch
8) Footbot Air Quality Monitor
9) Flow by Plume Labs Air Pollution Monitor
10) Nest Smoke Alarm
11) Nest T3021US Learning Thermostat Easy Temperature Control
12) Philips Hue Bulbs and Lighting System
13) Bitdefender BOX IoT Security Solution
14) Ring Doorbell
15) WeMo Insight Smart Plug
16) Logitech Harmony Universal Remote
17) Particle Photon Wi-Fi with Headers
18) NETGEAR Orbi Ultra-Performance Whole Home Mesh Wi-Fi System
Internet of Things (IoT) Market
The Internet of Things Was “Born” Between
2008 and 2009
FEW CASES OF IOT
The Business

The global Internet of Things (IoT) market is


projected to grow from $662.21 billion in 2023 to
$3,352.97 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 26.1%
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THECONNECTED LIFE IN
2021
Smart city
EXAMPLE IOT HEALTH
APPLICATIONS
Smart
Applications

Wearable
Tech

Healthcare
IOT EDUCATION APPLICATIONS
Smart
Training
Smart
Grids
Even Cows will have
Sensor
• What are the Perceptions of IoT
• What is this B.Tech (IoT)?
• How to understand IoT?

Prerequisites:
1. C and Python Programming Language
2. Computer Networks respective to Internet
IoT IS HIGHLY MULTIDISCIPLINARY –
“TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATED”
CS

BC

AI
ML

Automation

Big
Data
• IoT is the network of
– Physical devices,
– Sensors, and
– Actuators that collect and exchange data over the
internet.
• IoT can enable smart and connected solutions
for various domains, such as
– Manufacturing,
– Healthcare,
– Agriculture,
– Transportation, and more.
• Blockchain
• Big Data
• Machine Learning (ML)
• Artificial Intelligence
Internet (AI)
of • Augmented Reality
(AR)/Virtual Reality
Things (VR)
• Automation
(IoT) • Cloud
• Cyber Security
• Robotics
• Industries (IIoT)
• Data Science
Evolution of Internet of Things (IoT)
• IoT is an emerging area of ICT (Information
and Communications Technology) involving
– Sensors / Actuators
– Communication Network
– Server Platforms
– Data Analytics
– Smart Applications

• IoT is considered to be an essential part of


Industry 4.0 along with AI and Big Data
Why Internet of Things (IoT)
• Dynamic Control of Industry and Daily Life
• Improve the Resource Utilization rate
• Better relationship between Human and Nature
• Flexible Configuration
• Universal Transport and Internetworking
• Accessibility & usability
• Acts as Technology Integrator
– Stack of Different Levels
Embedded Systems
• System:
▪ Systematic arrangement in which
all its units or components
assembled work together according
to the set of rules.
▪ Example: Watch – Time displaying
System
• General System – ‘n’ number of targets
–Examples: Laptops, Mobiles,
• Embedded System – Combining.
–Combination of software and hardware.
–Designed to perform a particular task.
–Task must be completed in a given
time.
–Examples: Washing machine, Micro-
oven.
• Embedded systems may also function within a larger system.
• The systems can be programmable or have a fixed functionality.
Examples: Industrial machines, consumer electronics, agricultural and
processing industry devices, automobiles, medical equipment, cameras,
digital watches, household appliances, airplanes, vending machines and
toys, as well as mobile devices.
• While embedded systems are computing systems, they can range
from having no user interface (UI) -- for example, on devices
designed to perform a single task -- to complex graphical user
interfaces (GUIs), such as in mobile devices.
• UI can include buttons, LEDs (light-emitting diodes) and
touchscreen sensing. Some systems use remote user interfaces as
well.
Applications of ES:
• Medical – Patient monitoring systems, ICU’s, Pace
makers.
• Office equipment – Printer, Fax machines
• Tools – Millimeters, Oscilloscope, GPS
• Banking – ATM, Statement systems.
• Transportation – Planes, Trains, Boats,
automobiles (Engine Management, Trip
computing, Air bags, Car alarms, ABS).
• Building systems – Elevator, Heaters, AC,
Lighting, Key card entries, Locks, alarm systems.
• Agriculture – Feeding systems, milking systems
• Space – Satellites systems,
• Radars, Traffic signal Lights, Signaling Systems
How does an embedded system work?
• Always function as part of a complete device
• They are Low-cost, Low power-consuming, small
computers that are embedded in other mechanical or
electrical systems.
• Generally, they comprise a
– Processor (Control Unit),
– Power supply,
– Memory and
– Communication ports.
Structure of embedded systems
Embedded systems vary in complexity but, generally,
consist of three main elements:
• Hardware:
• The hardware of embedded systems is based on
microprocessors and microcontrollers.
• Microprocessors are very similar to microcontrollers
• Microcontrollers have those components built into one
chip.
• Software and firmware:
• Software for embedded systems can vary in complexity.
• Real-time operating system:
• These are not always included in embedded systems,
especially smaller-scale systems.
The sensor reads external inputs, the converters make that input
readable to the processor, and the processor turns that information into
useful output for the embedded system.
Types of embedded systems
There are a few basic embedded system types,
which differ in their functional requirements. They
are:
• Mobile embedded systems
• Digital cameras
• Networked embedded systems
• home security systems and point of sale (POS)
systems.
• Standalone embedded systems
• A calculator or MP3 player
• Real-time embedded systems
• A traffic control system
Embedded systems can also be categorized by
their performance requirements:
• Small-scale embedded systems
• 8-bit microcontroller.
• Medium-scale embedded systems
• Larger microcontrollers (16-32 bit)
• Sophisticated-scale embedded systems
• often use several algorithms that result in software
and hardware complexities
Embedded Systems:
• System with are integrated with hardware
and software for doing a specific task
• Specific Task Oriented systems
• Are intelligent Objects
• Static Intelligence (If and Else)
Building blocks of ES:

CONTROLLERS OR
INPUTS OUTPUTS
PROCESSORS

• Inputs: Sensors, Buttons, touch panels like


mobile phones, Bluetooth etc.
• Outputs: LED’s, LCD’s, Bluetooth
Embedded system trends
• While some embedded systems can be Relatively Simple, they
are becoming More Complex, and more and more of them are
now able to either supplant human decision-making or offer
capabilities beyond what a human could provide.
• For instance, some aviation systems.
• Growing rapidly, driven in large part by the Internet of Things.
• Expanding IoT applications, such as wearables, drones, smart
homes, smart buildings, video surveillance, 3D Printers, and
smart transportation, are expected to fuel embedded system
growth.
IoT Systems:
• System with are integrated with hardware
and software + Cloud for doing a specific
task
• Specific Task Oriented systems with learning
mechanism comes into place.
• Are also Intelligent Objects but the algorithm
can adopt dynamic features... (It can learn by
itself)
What is the difference between ES and IoT
System?
• IoT System is an ES by default, but these IoT
System will acts like an agent which keeps
collecting the data and broadcasting the data to
algorithms (Will keep predicting the
parameters involved in maintenance and
security).
• This kind of intelligence is been adapting in
every IoT Device.
• It is a connectivity between People, Process
and Things
• A network of physical objects communicating
with each other over internet and with or
without human interference.
• Things are communicated over internet.
• Connecting everyday things embedded with
electronics, software, and sensors to internet
enabling to collect and exchange data without
human interaction called as the Internet of Things
(IoT).
• The term "Things" in the Internet of Things refers
to anything and everything in day to day life
which is accessed or connected through the
internet.
• IoT is an advanced automation and analytics
system which deals with artificial intelligence,
sensor, networking, electronic, cloud messaging
etc. to deliver complete systems for the product or
services.
• Smart Grid
• Smart Meters
Smart
• Smart Cars
Internet
• Smart Farming of
• Smart Retail Things
• Smart Wearables (IoT)
• Instrument
• Interconnect
• Intelligently
3 I’s
Process
Data
New Soil
Ready → Upload → Do Analysis

• It is the intelligent connectivity of Physical


devices during massive gains in
– Efficiency
– Business Growth
– Quality of Life
IoT Services

• Real Time Data – Wide Scale Data Gathering


• Monitoring of Massive Systems
• Observation of Systems
• Performance Measurement and Optimization
• Proactive and Predictive Methods
• Anything
• Anywhere
• Anytime 5 A’s
• Anyway
• Anyhow
Various Name – One Concept
• Internet + Things + Data
• Internet of People (IoP)
• Internet of Objects (IoO)
• Network of Smart Things (NoS)
• Internet of Everything (IoE)
– People + Process + Data + Things
• Machine – 2 – Machine (M2M)
• World Size Web
• Skynet
Overview of Internet

• Information super Highway


• Internet is a world-wide global system of
interconnected computer networks.
• Uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

The internet is a worldwide interconnected


network of hundreds of thousands of computers of
various types that belong to multiple networks.
How Internet Impact daily Life
• Benefits of Instantaneous Communication and
How it supports and improves our lives.
• Characteristics and Purpose of Popular
communication media such as IM, Blogs,
Podcasting and Collaboration tools.
• Using Information networks to share and
collaborate improves teaching and learning
• Ways Communication over a network supports
the way we play.
INTERNET
TCP/IP Five-Layer
Software
Model Overview
Connected Devices and Smart Devices
Connected Devices:
• These are the devices which are controlled by the user.
• For example: Washing Machine - Though it is
programmed but someone has to initiate the command,
Smart TV, AC.
Smart devices:
• These are the devices which have the mechanism to learn
by itself, process, compute , interact (IOT Devices)

Connected Devices are not IOT devices


But all IOT devices are connected devices..

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