KUMAUN UNIVERSITY NAINITAL

CBCS BASED SYLLABUS FOR FOUR SEMESTER (TWO YEAR)

M.Sc. DEGREE IN CHEMISTRY

Effective from academic year 2022-23

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 CHEMISTRY
COURSE STRUCTURE
CBCS pattern

Semester I
Course Core Course and Basic/Supporting Credit
CHEM 101 Inorganic Chemistry -I 4
CHEM 102 Organic Chemistry - I 4
CHEM 103 Physical Chemistry - I 4
CHEM 104 Group Theory and Instrumentation Chemistry-1 4
CHEM Lab1 Practical-1(CHEM 101 and CHEM 102) 2+2
Basic/supporting a. Biology for Chemist (for Mathematics student) 2
courses b. Mathematics for Chemist (for Biology student) 2

Total Number of Credits for Semester I = 22 (18 Theory + 4 Practical)

Semester II

Course Core Course Credit

CHEM 201 Inorganic Chemistry -II 4
CHEM 202 Organic Chemistry - II 4
CHEM 203 Physical Chemistry - II 4
CHEM 204 Spectroscopic Techniques -I 4
CHEMLab2 Practical – 2 (CHEM 202 and CHEM 203) 2+2

Total Number of Credits for Semester II = 20 (16 Theory + 4 Practical)

Semester III
Course Core Course Credit
CHEM 301 Solid State Chemistry 4
CHEM 302 Spectroscopic Techniques- II 4
CHEM 303 Chemistry for Biological System 4
CHEM 304 Inter Disciplinary Topics in Chemistry 4
CHEM 305 Photo Chemistry and Allied Chemistry 4
CHEMLab3 Practical – 3(Inorganic/ Physical Chemistry) 2 + 2

Total Number of Credits for Semester III = 24 (20 Theory + 4 Practical)

Semester IV

Course Elective Course Credit

CHEM 40(I) Two Elective Courses in Inorganic Chemistry 4 + 4
group
CHEM 40(O) Two Elective Courses in Organic Chemistry 4 + 4
group

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 CHEM 40(P) Two Elective Courses in Physical Chemistry 4 + 4
group
CHEMLab4 Laboratory course/ Project work 4
Project/Dissertation 2
Dissertation/Project work; each student of IV semester shall be assigned a topic for project
work by an Advisor. The students will work in the research lab of his/her Advisor and shall
assist the research scholar working in the lab, learn operation of lab techniques practically and
shall submit a project report before the commencement of IV semester practical examination.
The Project work/dissertation will be evaluated by the external examiner.

Total Number of Credits for Semester IV = 14 (08 Theory + 4 Practical + 2 project

work)

Grand Total Credits: 64 (Core courses) + 2 (Basic course), 12 (Elective course) and 2
(Project work) = 80

Elective papers: Students will have to elect any two papers from one of the following
groups.

Inorganic Chemistry; Group-1

CHEM 40(I1):General and Organometallic Chemistry

CHEM 40(I2): Inorganic polymer and supramolecular Chemistry
CHEM 40(I3): Photo Inorganic Chemistry
CHEM 40(I4): Environmental Chemistry

Organic Chemistry; Group-2

CHEM 40(O1): Organic Synthesis

CHEM 40(O2): Chemistry of Natural Products and Heterocyclic Compounds
CHEM 40(O3): Medicinal Chemistry

Physical Chemistry; Group-3

CHEM 40(P1): Physical organic and Quantum Chemistry

CHEM 40(P2): Advanced Chemical Dynamics, Thermodynamics
CHEM 40(P3): Advanced Photochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry

Note: In the IVth Semester, the candidate shall have to opt minimum of two elective papers of a particular
specialization e.g. Inorganic/Organic/Physical. The candidate shall not be allowed to opt papers from different
specializations, i.e. two elective papers are to be taken positively from one specialization, e.g. one from
Inorganic and one from organic shall not be allowed, similarly other combinations shall not be allowed. The
candidate shall have to do a minimum of five lab experiments from the list of the experiments given in the
syllabus. He/ She will have to do a Project. The topic of the project shall be allotted to him/her by the Project
Advisor. Two credit points are allotted for the project work and a report has to be submitted to the head of the

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department before the commencement of practical examination. The project report shall be evaluated by the
external examiner on the day of practical examination.

Pattern of examination
A. Theory
Each theory paper shall be of 03 hours and will consist of two sections, A and B.
Section A: (Short answers type with reasoning); 40% of the total marks (30 marks, seven
questions of six marks each, any five have to be attempted).
Section C: (Long answers type); 60 % of the total marks, (45 marks, all the three questions
have to be attempted, internal choice will be given. Each question carries 15 marks).

B. Internal assessment
For each theory paper, an internal assignment (in the form of class test and or assignments
including classroom attendance) of 25 marks for each paper shall be conducted during each
semester. The evaluated answer sheets/assignments have to be submitted to the Head of the
Department/ Principal along with one copy of award list. The marks obtained have to be
uploaded onto the University examination portal and the print out of the award list from portal
have to be submitted to the Controller Examination.

C. Practical
The practical work of the students has to be evaluated periodically. The internal assessments
(in the form of lab test, lab record, internal evaluation, assignment/home assignment and
attendance) of total 15 marks for each semester shall be conducted during the semester. A
minimum of 12 experiments covering all the kinds of exercises have to be conducted during a
semester. In each semester, practical examination of 75 marks has to conducted by two
examiners (External and internal) having duration of two days (time 6 hours each day). The
external examiner will examine the students only on the second day of examination. The
total number of students to be examined per batch should not be more than sixty. One copy of
award list of the practical examination along with attendance has to be submitted to the Head
of the Department/ Principal. The marks obtained have to be uploaded onto the University
examination portal and the print out of the award list from portal have to be submitted to the
Controller Examination.

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 SEMESTER I Paper I
Inorganic Chemistry-1

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lecturer
1 1. (a) Stereochemistry and Bonding in Main Group Compounds 12
Origin of VSEPR theory and its significance in main group Lectures
structural chemistry, structure of SF4, SnCl2, TeF5 -, BrF3, ICl2-, ICl4
-
, OF2, OSF4, XeF6, SO2, NO2, NO2+ NO2-, XeF2, XeO3, XeOF4, and
IF7, dπ-pπ bonds, Isovalent hybridization, Drago Rule, Bent rule, its
application and energetics of hybridization, Walsh Diagram (AB2,
AB3 and AB4 molecule), some simple reactions of covalently
bonded molecules.
(b) Compounds of Boron, Carbon and Nitrogen with Metals:

Metal borides, carbides and nitrides: preparation, properties,

structures and application.

2 2. Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Solution: Concept of thermodynamic 9 Lectures

and kinetic stabilities of metal complexes. Stepwise and overall
formation constants and their correlations, trends in stepwise
constants, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with
reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand, chelate effect and its
thermodynamic origin, determination of binary formation constants
by pH-metry and spectrophotometry
3 3. Metal 𝝅-Acid Complexes: Metal carbonyls: structure and bonding, 9 Lectures
vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structural
elucidations, important reactions of metal carbonyls; preparation,
bonding, structure and important reactions of transition metal
nitrosyls, complexes of dinitrogen, dioxygen and tertiary
phosphine.
4 4. Cluster Compounds: Introduction, classification of clusters. 9 Lectures
Diborane-structure and properties. Higher boranes- Introduction,
classification, STYX rule, classification and structures of
carboranes. Metalloboranes and metallocarboranes. Isolobal
analogy. Metal carbonyl and metalhalide clusters - Introduction,
classification and structures. Zintel ions, Wade’s rule for cluster
compounds.
5 5. Polyoxometalates: 9 Lectures
6. Isopoly and heteropoly acids and salts (or anions) with special
reference to vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten. Nomenclature,
classification, preparation and structural aspects of poly acids and
polyanions.

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Books Recommended:
i. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C.A. Murillo and M. Bochmann, Advance Inorganic
Chemistry, Sixth Edition, John Wiley & Sons , New York, 2003.
ii. J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition, Wiley India, 2012.
iii. Atkins, Overton, Rourke, Weller and Armstrong, Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford
University Press.
iv. J. E. Huheey, E. A Keiter and R. L. Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry Principles of Structure
and Reactivity, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
v. W. W. Porterfield, Inorganic Chemistry: A Unified Approach, Elsevier.
vi. G. Wulfsberg, Inorganic Chemistry, Viva Books.
vii. G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry, Pearson Education.

SEMESTER I Paper II
Organic Chemistry-1

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 1. Nature of Bonding in Organic Molecules: Delocalized chemical 6 Lectures
bonding conjugation, cross conjugation, resonance,
hyperconjugation, bonding in fullerenes, tautomerism. Aromatcity
in benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds, alternant and non-
alternant hydrocarbons, Hückel’s rule, energy level of 𝜋 -molecular
orbitals, annulenes, antiaromaticity, ψ-aromaticity, homo-
aromaticity, PMO approach. Bond weaker than covalent bond,
addition compounds, crown ether complexes andcryptands,
inclusion compounds, cyclodextrins, catenanes and rotaxanes.
2 2. Stereochemistry: Molecular symmetry and chirality: symmetry 12
operations and symmetry elements, point group classification and Lectures
symmetry number. Stereoisomerism: Classification, racemic
modification, molecules with one, two or more chiral centres.
Configuration, nomenclature, D, L, R, S and E, Z nomenclature.
Axial and planar chirality and helicity (P & M); stereochemistry and
configurations of allenes, spiranes, alkylidene, cycloalkanes,
adamantanes, catenanes, biphenyls (atropisomerism), bridged
biphenyls, ansa compounds and cyclophanes.
Topicity and prostereoisomerism: Topicity of ligands and faces and
their nomenclature, stereogenicity, cyclostereoisomerism;
configurations, conformations and stability of cyclohexanes,
(mono-, di- and tri-substituted), cyclohexenes, cyclohexanones,
halocyclohexanones, decalines, decalols, decalones.. Assymetric
induction; Cram’s, Prelog’s and Horeaus rules. Dynamic
stereochemistry (cyclic and acyclic). Qualitative correlation

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 between confirmation and reactivity- Curtin-Hammitt principle.
Stereochemistry of compounds containing N, S and P.
chirogenicity, pseudoasymmetry and stereogeniccentre.
Stereoselectivity, stereospecificity, regioselectivity and
chemoselectivity. Enantiomeric and diasteriomeric excess.
3 3. Pericyclic Reactions: Molecular orbital symmetry, Frontier 10
orbitals of ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene and allyl Lectures
system. Classification of pericyclic reactions. Woodward-
Hoffmann correlation diagrams. FMO and PMO approach.
Electrocyclic reactions- conrotatory and disrotatory motions, 4n,
4n+2 and allyl system. Cycloadditions- antarafacial and suprafacial
additions, 4n and 4n+2 systems, 2+2 addition of ketenes, 1,3-
dipolar cycloadditions and cheleotropic reactions. Sigmatropic
rearrangements- suprafacial and antarafacial shifts of H,
Sigmatropic shifts involving carbon moieties, 3,3- and 5,5
sigmatropic rearrangements. Claisen, Cope and Aza-Cope
rearrangements. Fluxional tautomerism, Ene reaction.
4 4. Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution: The SN2, SN1, mixed 6 Lectures
1 2 i
SN and SN , SN and SET mechanisms. Nucleophilic substitution at
an allylic, aliphatic trigonal and a vinylic carbon. Reactivity effects
of substrate structure, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and
reaction medium, phase transfer catalysis and ultrasound, ambident
nucleophile, regioselectivity. Neighbouring group mechanism,
neighbouring group participation by 𝜋 and 𝜎 bonds, anchimeric
assistance. Classical and nonclassical carbocations, phenonium
ions, norbornyl system.
5 5. Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution: The SN Ar, SN1, benzyne and 6 Lectures
SN1 mechanism. Reactivity-effect of substrate structure leaving
group and attacking nucleophile. The Von-Richter, Sommelet-
Hauser and Smiles rearrangements.
6 Mechanism of Carbocation Rearrangement Reactions: Pinacol- 8 Lectures
Pinacolone rearrangement, Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement,
Benzilic acid rearrangement, Allylic rearrangement, Hofman
reaction, Schmidt reaction, Baeyer- Villiger oxidation, Cumene-
Hydroperoxide rearrangement, Curtius rearrangements, Lossen
rearrangement, Dakin reaction. Application of NMR Spectroscopy
in detection of carbocations

BOOKS SUGGESTED:
i. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanism and Structure,
John Wiley.
ii. R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall.
iii. C. K. Ingold, Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Cornell University
Press.
iv. S. M. Mukherji and S. P. Singh, Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry,
Macmillan.
Page 7 of 42
v. D. Nasipuri, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, New Age International
vi. P. S. Kalsi, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, New Age International.
vii. S. M. Mukherjee, Pericyclic Reactions, Macmillan, India.
viii. F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Plenum.
ix. Benjamin , Modern Organic Reactions, HO House.
x. Ernest L. Eliel and Samuel H. Wilen, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley
India
xi. Ernest L. Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds. Tata McGraw Hill.
SEMESTER I Paper III
Physical Chemistry-1

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 1. Thermodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics: Fundamental 24
concepts, state and path dependent functions, determination of work Lectures
done, enthalpy change, and internal energy change in reversible and
irreversible expansion and compression, entropy and its
calculations, residual entropy, zero, first, second, third law of
thermodynamics and their applications. Nerst theorem, spontaneity,
free energy and its calculation, properties of Helmholtz free energy
and Gibb’s free energy, thermodynamic equilibria and free energy
functions, Clausius-Claypeyron equation, chemical potential and
entropies.
Partial molar properties; partial molar free energy, partial molar
volume and chemical potential and their significance, Gibbs-
Duhem equation, methods of determination of partial molar
quantities, Concept of fugacity and its determination, chemical
potential and fugacity, thermodynamic functions of mixing.
Non-ideal systems; Excess functions for non-ideal solutions,
activity, activity coefficient, Debye-Hückel theory for activity
coefficient of electrolytic solutions, determination of activity
coefficients, ionic strength, application of phase rule to three
component systems.
2 2. Chemical Dynamics: Third and general order reactions, 24
Experimental methods for kinetic studies, viz; conductometric, Lectures
potentiometric and spectrophotometeric methods, effect of
temperature on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation. Chemical
molecular dynamics: Collision theory of reaction rates, steric factor,
activated complex theory, comparison of collision and activated
complex theories, ionic reactions, kinetic salt effects, steady state
concept, kinetic and thermodynamic control of reactions. Kinetics
of gaseous reactions on solid surface, unimolecular and bimolecular
surface reactions, kinetics of condensation and addition
polymerization reactions, mechanism of H2-Br2, H2-Cl2 reactions,
decomposition of the following compounds: acetaldehyde, ozone
and H2O2.
Page 8 of 42
Books Recommended:
i. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma and M. S. Pathnia, Physical Chemistry, Milestone Publisher
& Distributors, New Delhi.
ii. K. L. Kapoor, Physical Chemistry. Macmillan Publishers India Limited.
iii. K. J. Laidler,Kinetics, Pearson Education India.

SEMESTER I Paper IV
Group Theory and Instrumentation Chemistry

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 1. Symmetry and Group Theory in Chemistry: Symmetry 16
elements and symmetry operations, definitions of group and Lectures
subgroup and their characteristics, relation between orders of and
subgroup and their characteristics, relation between orders of a
finite group and its subgroup. Conjugacy relation and classes of
symmetry operations, point symmetry (or group) and its
classification, Schonfliess symbols, representation of group by
matrices (representation for the Cn, Cnv, Cnh etc. groups to be worked
out explicity), products of symmetry operations. Character of a
representation. The great orthogonality theorem (without proof) and
its importance. Character tables and their use in spectroscopy.
2 (a) X-ray Diffraction Methods: Bragg condition, Miller indices, 12
Laue’s method, Bragg’s method, Debye- Scherrer method of X-ray Lectures
structural analysis of crystals. Description of the procedure for an
X-ray structure analysis, absolute configuration of molecules.
Ramchandran diagram.
(b) General Introduction of Electron Diffraction: Scattering intensity vs
scattering angle, Wierl equation, measurement technique,
elucidation of structure of simple gas phase molecules.
3 Chromatographic methods: Principle and classification of 15
chromatography, Theories, Plate Theory, concept about HEPT, Lectures
Van-Deemter equation (no derivation) and Rate Theory.
Instrumentation and applications of gas and liquid
chromatography.
Principle and application of TLC, paper, column and HPLC. Ion
Exchange chromatography: Cationic, anionic exchangers and their
applications.
Gas Chromatography: Theory of gas chromatography, parts of gas
chromatograph, detectors (TCD, FID, ECD), Applications.
4 Radio Analytical Methods: Basic principles and types of 5 Lectures
measuring instrument, isotope dilution techniques- principle of
operations and uses. Applications.

Books Recommended
Page 9 of 42
 i. F.A. Cotton, Chemical Application of Group Theory, Wiley.
ii. D. C. Harris, Bertolucci, Symmetry and Spectroscopy: An Introduction to Vibrational
and Electronic Spectroscopy, Dover Publications, New York.
iii. P. K. Bhattacharya, Group Theory and its Chemical Applications, Himalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai.
iv. Gurdeep Raj, Ajay Bhagi and Vinod Jain, Group Theory and Symmetry in Chemistry,
Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Meerut.

SEMESTER I Paper V(A)

Biology for Chemist (For students who had Mathematics at B. Sc. level)

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 1. Cell as Unit of Lite: The cell theory; prokaryotic and eukaryotic 12
and eukaryotic cells; cell size and shape; Eukaryotic cell Lectures
components
2 2. Cell Organelles: Mitochondria: Structure, marker enzymes, 12
composition; function. Chloroplast: Structure, marker enzymes, Lectures
composition; semiautonomous nature, chloroplast DNA. ER, Golgi
body and Lysos omes: Structures and roles of ER, Golgibody and
lysosomes Nucleus: Nuclear Envelope- structure of nuclear pore
complex; chromatin; molecular organization, DNA packaging in
eukaryotes, euchromatin and heterochromatin, nucleolus and
ribosome structure (brief). Nacleoside and Nacloeotides and DNA
structure
3 Cell Membrane and Cell Wall: The functions of membranes; 12
Models of membrane structure; faces of the membrane, selective Lectures
permeability of permeability of the membranes; cell wall
4 Metabolism: Introduction, basal metabolic rate (BMR),
Carbohydrate protein and lipid metabolism, cell respiration,
amaerabic respiration, aerobic respiration, formation of acetal
COA, citric acid cycle, electron transport system, adenosinetri
phosphate, mechanism of ATP generation

Books Recommended:
i. P. H. Raven, Biology, Tata MacGraw Hill.
ii. P. Sheeler, Cell and Molecular Biology, John Wiley.
iii. N. A. Campbell, Biology Pearson.
iv. L. Styer, Biochemistry, Freeman & Co.
v. Outlines of biochemistry. Fourth edition (Conn, Eric E.; Stumpf, P. K.). Wiley India
Pvt. Limited

Page 10 of 42
 SEMESTER I Paper V(B)
Mathematics for Chemist (for students who had bio subjects at B. Sc. level)

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 3. Mathematical Functions: Polynomial expression, exponential 08
function, trigonometrically function. inverse trigonometrically Lectures
function. Logarithms and anti logarithms
2 4. Curve Sketching/Graph: Inclination of a line and the slope of a 08
line, General equation of straight line, slope-intercept form, slope Lectures
point form. Two point form, Intercept form, Parallel and
perpendicular lines
3 5. Differentiation: Differentiation formulas, Concept of maximum 08
and minimum, Rules of finding maxima and minima, Partial Lectures
differentiation, Euler reciprocal relation, exact and in exact
differentials, Chain rule for partial differential
4 6. Integration: Methods of integrations, substitution, partial function, 09
by parts, successive, reduction, integration formulas including Lectures
concept of limit
5 Fundamentals of Mathematical Relations: Permutations and 15
Combination, Probability, vectors mathematical relations, Vectors, Lectures
Matrices, Determinants, Complex number, Series, Stirling
approximation, Roots of quadratic equation. Methods of solving
equation. Coordinate systems in three dimensions (Cartesian,
spherical and polar).

Books Recommended:
i. D.A. McQuarrie, Mathematics for physical Chemistry University Science Books.
ii. R. Mortimer, Mathematics for Physical Chemistry, 3rd Ed. Elsevier.
iii. E. Steiner, The Chemical Maths Books, Oxford University Press.

Laboratory Course 12 hrs

A: Inorganic Chemistry
(I) Qualitative Analysis 18
Qualitative analysis of mixtures of salts containing not more than eight radicals
including:
(i) Rare-earth element salts (two rare element ions)
(ii) Interfering radicals
(iii) Other anions, which have not been done in under graduate practical.
(iv) Insolubles and simple salts
(II) Preparations
Preparation of selected inorganic compounds such as: 12
1. [Ni(dmg)2] 7. Prussian Blue, Tumbull’s Blue
2. [Cu(NH3)4]SO4.H2O 8. Co[NH3)6][Co(NO2)6]
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 3. Cis-K[Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2] 9. Cis-[Co(trien)(NO2)2]Cl.H2O
4. Na[Cr(NH3)2(SCN)4] 10. Hg [Co(SCN)4]
5. [Mn(acac)3 ] 11. [Co(py)2Cl2]
6. K3[Fe(C2O4)3] 12. [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2

OR
Quantitative estimation of metal ions by complexometric titration, direct and / or back
titration, use of masking agents. 12

B. Organic Chemistry
1. Quantitative Analysis 18
i. Determination of the percentage of number of hydroxyl groups in an organic compound
by acetylation method.
ii. Estimation of amines/ phenols using bromate-bromide solution/ or acetylation method.
iii. Determination of Iodine and Saponification values of an oil sample.
iv. Determination of DO, COD and BOD of water sample.
v. Separation & identification of two compounds system.
2. Spectrophotometric (UV/VIS) Estimations 12
(i) Amino acids (v) Ascorbic acid
(ii) Proteins (vi) Aspirin
(iii) Carbohydrates (vii) Caffeine
(iv) Cholesterol
or
Separation and identification of two compound system.

Note: Allocation of marks-Inorganic exercise 30; Organic exercise 30; Record

(including test) 15; attendance 10; viva 15

SEMESTER II Paper I
Inorganic Chemistry-II

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lecturer
1 1. Metal- Ligand Bonding: Limitations of crystal field theory, Sigma 8Lectures
bonding in octahedral complexes: Classification of metal valence
orbitals into sigma symmetry, formation of ligand group orbitals
(LGOs) of sigma symmetry, Formation of molecular orbitals of
sigma symmetry, construction of molecular orbital energy level
diagram involving only sigma bond contribution from ligands, pi
bonding in octahedral complexes: Classification of metal valence
orbital into pi symmetry, Formation of LGOs of pi symmetry.
Formation of pi MOs and construction of molecular orbital energy
level diagram involving sigma and pi contribution from pi donor
ligands, Sigma and pi bonding in tetrahedral complexes and square
planar complexes.
Page 12 of 42
 2 2. Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes: Energy 20
profile of a reaction, reactivity of metal complexes, kinetic Lectures
application of valence bond and crystal field theories, kinetics of
octahedral substitution, acid hydrolysis, factors affecting acid
hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, conjugate base mechanism, direct and
indirect evidences in favour of conjugate mechanism, anation
reactions, reactions without metal ligand bond cleavage.
Substitution reactions in square planar complexes, the trans effect,
mechanism of the substitution reaction. Redox reactions, electron
transfer reactions, mechanism of one electron transfer reactions,
outer-sphere type reactions. Complimentary and non-
complimentary electron transfer reactions, cross reactions and
Marcus-Hush theory, inner sphere type reactions.
3 3. Electronic Spectra and Magnetic Properties of Transition 20
Metal Complexes: Introduction, types of transition, factors Lectures
affecting band width and intensity, spectroscopic ground state terms
(Russell Saunders coupling/ L-S coupling/Spin orbit coupling),
determination of spectroscopic terms (p2 and d2 configurations),
atomic terms. Microstates- calculation and representation, Mullikan
terms (molecular term), splitting of atomic terms in octahedral and
tetrahedral field. Correlation diagram (d1, d2 configuration), Orgel
diagram, (d1 -d9 octahedral and tetrahedral complexes), selection
rules (spin and Laporte) and their relaxation. Discussion of the
electronic spectrum of d1-d9 octahedral and tetrahedral complexes.
Inter-electronic repulsion parameters-Racah parameters (A, B, C),
Nephelauxetic effect. Ground state terms symbol of transition metal
complexes. Tanabe Sugano diagram (d1 - d9 octahedral complexes).
Application of Tanabe-Sugano diagram- Calculation of B, Δo, β.
Charge transfer spectra- Introduction, types, factors affecting.
Spectroscopic method of assignment of absolute configuration in
optically active metal chelates and their stereochemical
information.
4.

Books Recommended:
i. F.A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and Paul L. Gaus, Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edition
John Wiley & Son, New York.
ii. J.D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Wiley& Sons.

SEMESTER II Paper II
Organic Chemistry-II

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures

Page 13 of 42
 1 1. Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution: Biomolecular mechanisms- 8 Lectures
SE2 and SE1. The SE1 mechanism, electrophilic substitution
accompanied by double bonds shifts. Effect of substrates, leaving
group and the solvent polarity on the reactivity
2 2. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution: The arenium ion 8 Lectures
mechanism, orientation and reactivity, energy profile diagrams. The
ortho/para ratio, ispo attack, orientation in other ring systems.
Quantitative treatment of reactivity in substrates and electrophiles.
Diazonium coupling.
3 3. Free Radical Reactions: Types of free radical reactions, free 8 Lectures
radical substitution mechanism, mechanism at an aromatic
substrate, neighbouring group assistance. Reactivity for aliphatic
and aromatic substrates at a bridgehead. Reactivity in the attacking
radicals. The effect of solvents on reactivity. Allylic halogenation
(NBS), oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, autooxidation,
coupling of alkynes and arylation of aromatic compounds by
diazonium salts. Free radical rearrangements.
4 4. Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds: Mechanistic and Lectures
stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving
electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals, regio-and
chemoselectivity, orientation and reactivity. Addition to
cyclopropane ring. Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds,
hydrogenation of aromatic rings. Hydroboration..
5 5. Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds Mechanism of metal Lectures
hydride reduction of saturated and unsaturated carbonyl
compounds, acids, esters and nitriles. Addition of Grignard
reagents, organozinc and organolithium reagents to carbonyl and
unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Hydrolysis of esters and amides,
ammonolysis of esters.
6 Elimination and Name Reactions: The E2, E1 and E1cB 10
mechanisms and their spectrum. Orientation of the double bond. Lectures
Reactivity-effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leaving
group and the medium. Mechanism and orientation in pyrolytic
elimination Vilsmeier reaction, Gattermann-Koch reaction,
Sandmeyer reaction, Hunsdiecker reaction, Michael reaction.
Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Aldol, Knoevenagel, Claisen,
Mannich, Benzoin, Perkin and Stobbe reactions, Wittig reaction,
Heck reaction, Still reaction, Sonogarishira, Negishi coupling,
Grubbs Catalyst.

BOOKS SUGGESTED:
i. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanism and Structure, John
Wiley.
ii. RT Morrison and RN Boyd Organic Chemistry, , Prentice Hall.
iii. CK Ingold, Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Cornell University Press.
iv. SM Mukherji and SP Singh, Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Macmillan.
v. D Nasipuri, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, New Age International
Page 14 of 42
vi. PS Kalsi, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, New Age International.
vii. SM Mukherjee, Pericyclic Reactions, Macmillan, India.
viii. FA Carey and RJ Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Plenum.
ix. Modern Organic Reactions, HO House, Benjamin.
x. Ernest L. Eliel, Samuel H Wilen, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley India
xi. Ernest L Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds. Tata McGraw Hill.

SEMESTER II Paper III

Physical Chemistry-II

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 Surface and Polymer Chemistry: Gibb’s adsorption isotherm, 16Lecture
Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, determination of s
free energy of adsorption, BET theory for multilayer adsorption
with derivation, determination of surface area using BET method,
catalytic activity at surfaces, macromolecules, polymers and their
general applications, classification of polymers, chain configuration
of polymers, liquid crystals and their applications.
Molecular mass, number and mass average molecular mass,
molecular mass determination using osmometry, viscometry,
diffusion and light scattering methods.
2 3. Electrochemistry: Determination of activity coefficient, Debye- 16
Huckel theory of strong electrolytes with derivation, ionic Lectures
atmosphere and thickness of ionic atmosphere, Debye-Huckel-
Onsagar theory, theory of conduction, Onsagar equation including
mathematical deduction, overvoltage and decomposition potential.
3 Quantum Chemistry: de-Broglie concept and de-Broglie 16
equation, physical interpretation and properties of wave functions, Lectures
Linear, Laplacian, Linear-momentum and Hamiltonian operators,
postulates of quantum mechanics, eigen values, eigen functions,
normalization and orthogonalizaion, derivation of the
Schrodinger’s wave equation, concept of cartesian and spherical
coordinates, general and brief discussion on the applications of
Schrodinger’s wave equation to some model systems viz. particles
in a box, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotator and hydrogen atom.
4.

Books Recommended :
i. Puri Sharma and Pathania, Physical Chemistry, vishal Publication 2011.
ii. K.L. Kapoor, Physical Chemistry, Macllian
iii. Kinetics by Laidler, Pearson
SEMESTER II Paper IV
Spectroscopic Techniques-I
Page 15 of 42
 S.No. Contents Contact
Hours/
Lectures
1 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Basic Principles, zero 16
field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy, factors affecting the ‘g’ Lectures
value. Hyperfine coupling isotopic and anisotropic hyperfine
coupling constants, spin Hamiltinian, spin densities, measurement
techniques, spin polarization for atoms and transition metal ions,
spin-orbit coupling and significance of g-tensors, application to
inorganic and organic free radicals and to transition metal
complexes (having an unpaired electron) including biological
systems.
2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Nuclear Spin, 16
nuclear resonance, saturation, shielding of magnetic nuclei, Lectures
chemical shift and its measurements, factors influencing the
chemical shift. Deshielding, spin-spin interaction, factors
influencing coupling constant (J). Classification (ABX, AMX,
ABC, A2B2 etc.), spin decoupling, basic idea about instruments,
NMR studies of nuclei other than proton; 13C, 19F and 31P.
Advantages of FT NMR. Use of NMR in medical diagnostics.
Simple problems and interpretation. NOE, simplification of
complex spectra by the use of Shift reagent and field strength.
Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE).13C NMR spectroscopy:
general considerations, chemical shift (aliphatic, olefinic, alkyne
and aromatic hetero aromatic and carbonyl carbon). Coupling
constants.
3 Mass Spectrometry: Introduction, ion production-EI, CI, FD and 16
FAB, factors affecting fragmentation, ion analysis, ion abundance. Lectures
Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds, common
functional groups, molecular ion peak, metastable peak, McLafferty
rearrangement. Nitrogen rule, example of Mass fragmentation of
organic compounds with respect to their structure determination.
Problems based on spectroscopic techniques.

BOOKS SUGGESTED:
i. Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, Spectroscopy, Books/Cole; Vyvyan
ii. PS Kalsi Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, New Age International
Publishers;
iii. Silverstein, Robert M.; Webster, Francis X.; Kiemle, Spectrometric Identification
of Organic Compounds, John Wiley;
iv. ML Martin, JJ Delpeach and GJ Martin, Heyden, Practical NMR Spectroscopy,
v. Colin N. Banwell and Elaine M. Mc Cash, Fundamentals of Molecular
Spectroscopy, Tata McGraw Hill.
vi. RJ Abraham, J Fischer and P Loftus, Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy, Wiley.

Page 16 of 42
 vii. DH Williams, I Fleming, Spectroscopic Method in Organic Chemistry: Tata
MacGraw Hill.
viii. Willard Merritt, Dean, Settle, Instrumental Method of Analysis: Seventh Edition,
CBS, Publication.

Laboratory course: 12 hrs

A. Physical Chemistry 30
(i) Determination of the velocity constant of acid catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester.
(ii) Determination of activation energy of a reaction.
(iii) Determination of Frequency factor of a reaction by kinetic studies.
(iv) Validity of Arrhenius equation.
(v) Determination of the effect of change in temperature on rate constant of a reaction.
(vi) Determination of the effect of change in concentration of the reactants on rate constant
of a reaction.
(vii) Determination of the effect of change in concentration of the catalyst on rate constant
of a reaction.
(viii) Determination of the effect of change in ionic strength on the rate constant of a reaction.
(ix) Determination of the rate constant for the oxidation of iodide ions by hydrogen
peroxide.
(x) Flowing Clock reactions (Ref. Experiments in Physical Chemistry by Showmaker).
(xi) Study of the adsorption of an acid by charcoal.
(xii) Validity of Freundlich’s Adsorption isotherm.
(xiii) Determination of Partition Coefficients.
(xiv) Determination of molecular surface energy of a liquid by Stalagmometer method.
(xv) Determination of association factor of the given liquid by drop-pipette method.
Note: The candidates shall have to do a minimum of 05 experiments.
B. Organic Chemistry 30
1. Multi-step Synthesis of Organic Compounds 18
The exercises should illustrate the use of organic reagent and may involve purification of the
products by chromatographic techniques.
(i) Photochemical reaction:
Benzophenone Benzpinnacol Benzpinacolone
(ii) Beckmann rearrangement: Benzanilide from benzene
Benzene Benzophenone Benzophenoneoxime Benzanilide.
(iii)Benzilic acid rearrangement: Benzilic acid from benzoin
Benzoin Benzil Benzilic acid
(iv) Synthesis of hetrocylic compounds
Skraup synthesis: Preparation of quinoline from aniline.
Fischer indol synthsis: Preparation of 2-phenyl indole from phenylhydrazine.
(v) Enzymatic synthesis
Enzymatic reduction: Reduction of ethyl acetoacetate using Baker’s yeast to yield enantiomeric
excess of S(+)ethyl-3-hydroxybetanoate and determine its optical purity.
Biosynthesis of ethanol from sucrose
(vi) Synthesis using microwaves
Page 17 of 42
(vii) Alkylation of diethyl malonate with benzyl chloride.
(viii) Synthesis using phase transfer catalyst
(ix) Alkylation of diethyl malonate or ethylacetoacetate with an alkyl halide.
(x) Paper Chromatography/Thin Layer Chromatography 12
Separation and identification of the sugars present in the given mixture of glucose, fructose
and sucrose etc. By Paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography and determination
of Rf values.
Note: Organic exercise 30; Physical 30; Record (including test) 15; attendance 10; viva15

SEMESTER III Paper I

Solid State Chemistry

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 Solid State Reactions, Crystal Defects and Non-stoichiometry: 16
General principles, experimental procedures, co-precipitation as a Lectures
precursor to solid state reactions, kinetics of solid state reactions,
Perfect and imperfect crystals, intrinsic and extrinsic defects- point
defects, line and plane defects, vacancies- Schottky defects and
Frenkel defects
2 Electronic Properties and Band theory: Metals, insulators and 16
semiconductors, electronic structure of solids-band theory. Band Lectures
structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors. Intrinsic and
extrinsic semiconductors, doping semiconductors, p-n junctions,
super conductors.
3 Organic Solids, Fullerenes, Molecular Devices: Electrically 16
conducting solids, organic charge transfer complexes, organic Lectures
metals, new super conductors, magnetism in organic materials,
fullerenes- doped, fullerenes as superconductors. Molecular
rectifiers and transistors, artificial photosynthetic devices, optical
storage memory and switches sensors.

Books Recommended
i. G.W. Castellan, Physical Chemistry, 4th Ed. Narosa.
ii. R.G. Mortimer, Physical Chemistry, 3rd Ed. Elsevier: NOIDA, UP.

SEMESTER III Paper II

Spectroscope Techniques -2

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures

Page 18 of 42
 1 Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Basic principles, spectral parameters 9 Lectures
and spectrum display. Application of the technique to the studies of
(i) bonding and structure of Fe++ and Fe+++ compounds (ii) Sn+2 and
Sn+4 compounds-nature of M-L bond, coordination number,
structure and iii) detection of oxidation state and inequivalent MB
atoms.
2 Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy: Various electronic 9 Lectures
transitions (185 to 800 nm), Lambert-Beer’s Law, effect of solvent
on electronic transitions, ultraviolet bands for carbonyl compounds,
unsaturated carbonyl compounds, diens, conjugated polyenes.
Fieser-Woodward rules for conjugated diens and carbonyl
compounds, ultraviolet spectra of aromatic and heterocyclic
compounds.
3 Molecular Dyssemetry and Chiroptical Properties: Linear and 7 Lectures
circularly polarized lights, circular birefringence and circular
dichroism, ORD and CD curves, Cotton effects. The axial helo
ketone rule, Octent diagrams, Helicity and Lowe’s Rule.
Application of ORD and CD to structural and stereochemical
problems
4 Infrared Spectroscopy: Instrumentation and simple handling. 15
Selection rules, normal modes of vibration, group frequencies, Lectures
overtones, hot bands, factors affecting the bond positions and
intensities, Characteristic vibrational frequencies of alkanes,
alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers, phenols,
amines and carbonyl compounds (ketones, aldehydes, esters
,amides, acids anhydrides, lactones, lactams and conjugated
carbonyl compounds). Effect of hydrogen bonding, solvent effect
on IR of gaseous, solids and polymeric materials. Review of linear
harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of diatomic molecules,
zero point energy, force constant and bond. Strength’
anharmonicity, Morse potential energy diagram, vibration-rotation
spectroscopy, P,Q,R branches. Breakdown of Oppenheimer
approximation; vibrations of polyatomic molecules. far IR region,
metal-ligand vibrations, normal co-ordinate analysis. Simple
applications.
5 Raman Spectroscopy: Classical and quantum theories of Raman 8 Lectures
effect. Pure rotational, vibrational and vibrational-rotational Raman
spectra, selection rules, mutual principles. Resonance Raman
spectroscopy, Coherent anti-stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS),
Simple applications.

BOOKS SUGGESTED-
i. Pavia, Lampman, Kriz Spectroscopy, Books/Cole
ii. P. S. Kalsi, Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, New Age International Publishers.
iii. Robert M. Silverstein, Francis X. Webster, and D. J. Kiemle Spectrometric Identification
of Organic Compounds, John Wiley
Page 19 of 42
iv. M. L. Martin, J. J. Delpeach G. J. Martin and Heyden, Practical NMR Spectroscopy.
v. Colin N. Banwell and Elaine M. Mc Cash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy,
Tata McGraw Hill.
vi. R. J. Abraham, J. Fischer and P. Loftus, Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy, Wiley.
vii. D. H. Williams and I. Fleming, Spectroscopic Method in Organic Chemistry, Tata
MacGraw Hill.
viii. H. H. Willard, Jr. L. L. Merritt, J. A. Dean and Jr F. A. Settle. CBS Publication.
Instrumental Method of Analysis: Seventh Edition,

SEMESTER III Paper III

Chemistry of Biological System

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 Bioinorganic Chemistry: Structure and function of Cell 16
Membrane. Essential and trace metals, role of metal ions in Lectures
biological processes. Ion Transport through cell membrane. Na+/ k+
Pump. nitrogen fixation, metal complexes in transmission of
energy, Haeme proteins and oxygen uptake, function of
metalloproteins
2 Bioorganic Chemistry: Introduction and historical perspective, 16
Nomenclature and classification, extraction, purification and uses Lectures
of enzymes in food drink industry and clinical therapy. Chemical
and biological catalysis, remarkable properties of enzymes like
catalytic power, specificity and regulation. Proximity effects and
molecular adaption. Enzyme kinetics, Michaelis-Mentien and
Lineweaver-Burk plots, reversible and irreversible inhibition.
Transition state theory, Fisher’s lock and key and Koshland’s
induced fit hypothesis, concept and identification of active site by
site- directed, mutagenesis. Acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis,
strain or distortion. Example of some typical enzyme mechanisms
for chymotrypsin, ribonuclease, lysozyme, carboxypeptidase A and
Nitrogenase. Coenzyme chemistry: Cofactors as derived from
vitamins, coenzymes, prosthetic groups, apoenzymes. Structure and
biological functions of coenzymes A, thiamine pyrophosphate,
NAD+, NADP+, FMN, FAD, lipoic acid and vitamin B12. Enzyme
catalysed metabolic reactions
3 Biophysical Chemistry: Forces involved in biopolymer 16
interactions. Electrostatic charge and molecular expansion, Lectures
hydrophobic forces, osmotic pressure, membrane equilibrium.
Bioenergetics: Standard free energy change in biological reactions.
Hydrolysis of ATP, synthesis of ATP from ADP. Coupling of ATP

Page 20 of 42
 cleavage to endergonic processes Size, shape and molecular mass
of biopolymer. Determination of molecular mass of biopolymers by
various experimental techniques.

BOOKS SUGGESTED
i. P.S. Kalsi, Bioorganic, Bioinorganic and Supramolecular Chemistry, New Age
International.
ii. L. Stryer, Biochemistry 4th Ed., W. H. Freeman & Co.
iii. S. Zubay, Biochemistry Addison-Wesley.
iv. S. J. Lippard and J. M. Berg, Principles of Bioorganic Chemistry, University
Science Books.
v. I. Berteni, H.B. Gray, S.J. Lippard and J.S. Valentine, Bioinorganic Chemistry, ,
University Science Books.
vi. Hermann Dugs and C. Penny, Bioorganic Chemistry: A Chemical Approach to
Enzyme Action, Springer-Verlag.
vii. Trevor Palmer, Understanding Enzymes, Prentice Hall.
viii. Collins J Sucking, Enzyme Chemistry: Impact and Application, Ed. Chapman and
Hall.
ix. M.I. page and A. Williams, Enzyme Mechanisms Ed., Royal Society of Chemistry.
x. N.C. Price and L. Stevens, Fundamental of Enzymology, Oxford University Press.
xi. Michael D. Trevan, Immobilized Enzymes: An Introduction and Application in
Biotechnology, John Wiley.
xii. Alan Fersht. Enzyme Reaction and Mechanism, W H Freeman & Co (Sd).
xiii. A.L. Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, Worth Publishers.
xiv. J. M. Berg, J. L. Tymoczko and L. Stryer, Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman.
xv. H. Robert Horton, Laurence A. Moran, Raymond S. Ochs, J. David Rawan and K.
Gray Scrimgeour. Principles of Biochemistry, Neil Patterson Publishers/Prentice
Hall
xvi. Donald Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt, Judith G. Voet, Biochemistry, John Wiley.
xvii. E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf, Outlines of Biochemistry, John Wiley.
xviii. L. S. W. H. Freeman, Macromolecules: Structure and Function, Prenctice Hall.
xix. Pramod Pandey, Organic Chemistry, John Wiley.

SEMESTER III Paper IV

Inter Disciplinary Topics in Chemistry

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/

Page 21 of 42
 Lectures
1 Green Chemistry: Basic principles of green chemistry. Designing 10
green reagents: green catalyst phase transfer catalysis for green Lectures
synthesis choice of starting materials, organic synthesis in solid
phase reagents, versatile ionic liquids as Scherrer methode.
2 Nano chemistry: History, definition and scope of nanomaterials, 10
chemical methods for synthesis of nanomaterials, methods of Lectures
characterization, determination of particle size and surface structure
by Scanning Electron microscopy, Transmission Electron
microscopy, surface area analysis and Debye-Schrrer method
3 Data Analysis and Computer: Types of errors, propagation of 10
errors, accuracy and precision, least square analysis, average Lectures
standard deviation. liner regression, co-variance and correlation
coefficient.
History of development of computers, Main frames, Mini, Micro
and Super Computer systems. General awareness of computer
hardware i.e CPU and other peripheral devices
Basic structure and functioning of computers with a PC as an
illustrative example. Memory, I/Q devices, secondary storage.
Computer languages. Operating system with DOS as an example.
Introduction to WINDOWS. Data processing, principles of
programming. Algorithms and flowcharts.
4 Environmental Chemistry: Concept and scope, composition of 09
atmosphere, terminology and nomenclature, aerosols, photo Lectures
chemical smog, BOD and COD.
5 Medicinal Chemistry: Primary knowledge of structure activity 09
relationship, SAR, quantitative structure activity relationship Lectures
(QSAR), Chemistry of antineoplastic agents and cardiovascular
drugs

Books Recommended:
i. Geoffrey A. Ozin, and Andre Arsentte, Neno Chemistry, RSC Publishing.
ii. A.K. Day, Environmental Chemistry New Age.

SEMESTER III Paper IV

Photo Chemistry

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 Basics of Photochemistry: Absorption, excitation, 6 Lectures
photochemical laws, electronically excited states-life times,
measurements of the times. Flash photolysis, Stopped flow
Page 22 of 42
 techniques. Energy dissipation by radiative and non-radiative
processes, absorption spectra, Franck-Condon principle,
Photochemical stages- primary and secondary processes. photo-
physical reactions, Jablonskii diagram, photosensitization, quantum
yield and its determination, reactions of high and low quantum
yields with suitable examples, fluorescence, phosphorescence and
chemi luminiscence with suitable examples
2 Photochemistry of Organic Compounds: Photochemistry of 6 Lectures
alkenes; cis-trans isomerization, non-vertical energy transfer;
photochemical additions; reactions of 1,3- and 1,4-dienes;
dimerization.
3 Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds: Norrish type I & II 6 Lectures
reactions (cyclic and acyclic); α,β-unsaturated ketones; β,γ-
unsaturated ketones; cyclohexenones (conjugated);
cyclohexadienons (cross-conjugated & conjugated); Paterno-Buchi
reactions; photoreductions.
4 Photochemistry of Aromatic Compounds: Isomerisation, skeletal 6 Lectures
isomerisations, Dewar and prismanes in isomerisations. Singlet
oxygens reactions; Photo Fries rearrangement of ethers and
anilides; Barton reaction, Hoffmann-Loefller-Freytag reaction.

BOOKS SUGGESTED
i. F.A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Parts A & B, Plenum:
U.S.
ii. W. M. Horspool, Aspects of Organic Photochemistry, Academic Press.
iii. T. H. Lowry and K. S. Richardson, Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry
Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, Inc.
iv. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons.
v. L. Stryer, Biochemistry, W. H. Freeman & Co.
vi. P. A.Sykes, Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall.
vii. James H. Clark and Duncan J. Macquarrie, Handbook of Green Chemistry and
Technology, Wiley-Blackwell.
viii. Paul T. Anastas and Tracy C. Williamson Green Chemistry: Frontiers in Benign
Chemical syntheses and Processes, Oxford University Press.
ix. Geoffrey Alan Ozin, A. C. Arsenault and L. Cademartiri, Nanochemistry: A Chemical
Approach to Nanomaterials, Royal Society of Chemistry.

Laboratory Course 12 hrs

A. Physical Chemistry Practical exercises 30

(i) Determination of the order of reaction by isolation method
(ii) Determination of the order of reaction by half life period method
(iii) Determination of the order of the reaction by Integration method.
(iv) Determination of the entropy of activation of a reaction.
(v) Determination of free energy change of a reaction.
(vi) Determination of the equilibrium constant of a reaction.
(vii) Determination of pH by electrical conductivity method.

Page 23 of 42
(viii) Hydrolysis of the salts by electrical conductivity method
(ix) Hydrolysis of the salts by EMF.
(x) Determination of the dissociation constant of a weak acid by conductivity method.
(xi) Determination of the equivalent conductivity of a strong electrolyte
conductometrically.
(xii) Determination of the equivalent conductivity at infinite dilution of weak electrolyte
conductometrically.
(xiii) Validity of Ostwald’s dilution law.
(xiv) Determination of the degree of dissociation/ association conduct metrically.
(xv) Determination of solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts (e.g.,
PbSO4, BaSO4) conductometrically.

Note: The candidates shall have to do a minimum of 05 experiments

B. Inorganic Chemistry 30
1. Quantitative analysis of binary mixture of metal ions involving volumetric (by
complexometric titration using masking and demasking agents) and gravimetric
analysis. 20
2. Chromatography: separation of cations and anions by paper/TLC/Ion Exchange
chromatography
10
Note: Inorganic exercise 30; Physical 30; Record(including test) 15; attendance
10;viva 15

SEMESTER IV Paper I
(Elective Paper Inorganic chemistry)

General and Organometallic Chemistry

Details of Course :

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 Inorganic Free Radicals: Introduction, difference between ions 5 Lectures
and free radicals, inorganic and organic free radicals, types of free
radical reactions, isolation of free radicals, steps involved in free
radical chain reaction, kinetics of chain reaction. A Comprehensive
study of production, stability and reactions of free radicals: NH,
NH2, N2H3 and PH.
2 Silicates and Aluminosilicates: Silicates: Classification, 5 Lectures
properties, structure and applications of naturally occurring
silicates. Aluminosilicates: chemistry of feldspars, ultramarine,
zeolites, classification, structure and applications of zeolites. Clays:
montmorilonite clay, synthesis of pillared clays, characterization
and applications of clays and pillared clays as catalysts.

Page 24 of 42
 3 Organic Derivatives of Metals and Alkyls, Aryls and Acyls of 10
Metals: Metal beta-diketonates and thio-betadiketonates: general Lectures
chemistry, structural aspects and applications. Metal alkoxides:
general methods of preparation, reactivity, structure and
applications
Alkyls, aryls and acyls of transition metals, nature of metal carbon
bond, routes of synthesis, stability, decomposition pathways,
stabilization, Alkyls, aryls and acyls of s-block and p-block
elements, synthesis, stability, reactivity. Comparison between
transition and non-transition element derivates. Organocopper in
organic synthesis.
4 Compounds of Metal-Carbon Multiple Bonds and Metal 10
Compounds with Bonds to Hydrogen: Survey of organometallic Lectures
compounds according to ligands. Synthesis, properties, nature of
bonding and structural features of π-bonded organo-metallic
compounds (π-complexes) with unsaturated organic molecules:
alkenes, Schrock and Fischer carbine, alkynes, chelating olefinic
ligands, allyl, dienes-butadiene, cyclobutadiene, cyclopentadiene,
fulvalene, heterocyclic pentadiene and cyclopentadienone, dienyl-
cyclpentadienyl (Metallocenes, types of metallocenes, molecular
orbital energy level diagram; MOED), acyclicpentadienyl,
cyclohexadienyl and heptadienyl, arene (MOED) and trienyl
complexes. Important reactions relating to nucleophilic and
electrophilic attack on ligands, role in organic synthesis.
Transition metal compounds with bonds to hydrogen.
5 Homogeneous Catalysis and types of reactions: Difference 10
between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, oxidative- Lectures
addition, migratory insertion, reductive elimination, homogeneous
catalytic hydrogenation- Activation of hydrogen molecule-
oxidative addition (dihydride catalytic hydrogenation, Mechanism
of Wilkinson’s and Schrock-Osborn catalysts), heterolytic
(monohydride catalytic hydrogenation, ruthenium (II) catalyst),
homolytic (Iguchi catalyst), Zeigler-Natta polymerization of olefins
by metallocenes, catalytic reactions involving carbon monoxide
such as hydroformylation or hydrocarboxylation of olefins (oxo-
reaction), Wacker’s process. Activation of C-H bond, activation of
small molecules by coordination
6 Fluxional Organometallic Compounds: Introduction, 8 Lectures
structural rigidity and non-rigidity, types of fluxional behavior,
Fluxionality and dynamic equilibria in compounds such as ή3- allyl
and dienyl complexes, their characterization.

Books Recommended
i. J.P. Collman, L.S. Hegsdus, J.P. Norton and R.G. Finke, Principle and Application of
Organotransition Metal Chemistry, University Science Books.
ii. R.H. Crabtree, The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, John Wiley.
Page 25 of 42
 iii. A.J. Person, Metallo-organic Chemistry, Wiley.
iv. R.C. Mehrotra and A. singh, Organometallic Chemistry, New Age International.
v. J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, R.L. Keiter,Inorganic Chemistry: Principle of structure and
Reactivity, Pearson Education.
vi. N.L.H. Green, Organometallic Compounds, Chapman & Hall, U.K.
vii. G.E. Coates, M.L.H. Green., P. Pwell,Principles of Organometallic Chemistry,
Chapman & Hall, U.K.

SEMESTER IV Paper II
(Elective Paper Inorganic chemistry)

Inorganic polymer and supramolecular Chemistry

Details of Course :
S.No. Contents Contact
Hours/
Lectures
1 Basics : Importance of polymers, basic concepts: monomers, repeat 8 Lectures
units, degree of polymerization. Linear, branched and network
polymers. Classification of polymers, polymerization:
condensation, addition, radical chain-ionic and co-ordination and
co-polymerization. Polymerization conditions and polymer
reactions Kinetics of polymerization. Stererochemistry and
mechanism of polymerization. Polymerization in homogeneous and
heterogeneous systems. Comparison with organic polymers.
2 Polymer Characterization: Polydispersion, average molecular 8 Lectures
weight concept: number average, weight average and viscosity
average molecular weights. Polydispersity and molecular weight
distribution. The practical significance of molecular weight.
Measurement of molecular weight: end-group, viscosity, light
scattering, osmotic and ultacentrifugation methods. Analysis and
testing of polymers, chemical analysis of polymers, spectroscopic
methods, X-ray diffraction study. Microscopy. Thermal analysis
and physical testing- tensile strength. Fatigue impact. Tear
resistance. Hardness and abrasion resistance.
3 Structure and Properties: Morphology and order in crystalline 8 Lectures
polymers-configurations of polymer chains: Crystal structures of
polymers. Morphology of crystalline polymers, strain-induced
morphology, crystallization and melting. Polymer structure and
physical properties-crystalline melting point(TM); melting points of
homogeneous series, effect of chain, flexibility and other steric
factors, entropy and heat of fusion. The glass transition
temperature(Tg), relationship between Tm and Tg, effects of
molecular weight, diluents, chemical structure, chain topology,

Page 26 of 42
 branching and cross linking. Property requirements and polymer
utilization.
4 Polymer Processing : Plastics, elastomers and fibres. 8 Lectures
Compounding. Processing techniques: calendering, die casting,
rotational casting, film casting, injection moulding, extrusion
moudling, thermoforming, foaming, reinforcing and fibre spinning.
5 Boron Based Polymers, Silicon Based Polymers, Phosphorous 8 Lectures
Based Polymers and Coordination Polymers: Borazine,
substituted borazines, boron nitride. Boron-oxygen-silicon and
boron-oxygen-phosphorus polymers. Ployhedral borane anions.
Silica, feldspars and ultramarines, silicones, silicone fluids, silicone
rubbers, silicone greases, silicone resins and metallosiloxanes.
Silicon-nitrogen polymers and silazenes.
Metaphosphates, polyphosphates, cross-linked phosphates.
Phosphonitrilic halides and related polymers. Phosphorous-sulphur
polymers.
Factors affecting formation of coordination polymers. Types of
coordination polymers. Metal halides. Metal pseudohalides, metal
alkoxides, metal carboxylates and metal chelates
6 Supramolecular Chemistry: Concepts and Language Molecular 8 Lectures
recognition: molecular receptors for different types of molecules
including arisonic substrates, design and synthesis of co-receptor
molecules and multiple recognition. Strong, weak and very weak H-
bonds, utilization of H-bonds to create supramolecular structures.
Use of H-bond in crystal engineering and molecular recognition.
Chelate and macrocyclic effects. Cation binding hosts, binding of
anions, binding of neutral molecules, binding of organic molecules.
Supramolecular reactivity and catalysis. Transport processes and
carrier design. Supramolecular devices, supramolecular
photochemistry, supramolecular electronic ionic and switching
devices. Some examples of self-assembly in supramolecular
chemistry.

BOOKS SUGGESTED-
i. F.W. Bilimever Jr., Text Book of Polymer Science, Wiley.

ii. N.V. Vishwanathan and J. Sreedhar, Polymer Science, V.R. Gowarker, Willey-Eastern.
iii. K. Takemoto Y. lnaki and R.M. Ottanbrite, Functional Monomers and Polymers.
iv. H.R. Alcock and F.W. Lambe, Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, Prentice Hall.
v. J.M.G. Cowie, Physics and Chemistry of Polymers, Blakie Academic and Professional.
vi. N.H. Ray, Inorganic Polymers, Academic Press, N. York.
vii. J.M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, VCH.

SEMESTER IV Paper III

(Elective Paper Inorganic chemistry)
Photo Inorganic Chemistry
Page 27 of 42
Details of Course :

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 Basics of Photochemistry: Absorption, excitation, photochemical 8 Lectures
laws, electronically excited states-life times, measurements of the
times. Flash photolysis, stopped flow techniques. Energy
dissipation by radiative and non-radiative processes, absorption
spectra, Franck-Condon principle, photochemical stages- primary
and secondary processes.
2 Photochemical Reactions: Interaction of electromagnetic radiation 8Lectures
with matter, types of excitations, fate of excited molecule, quantum
yield, transfer of excitation energy, actinometry. Singlet molecular
oxygen reactions. Photochemical formation of smog. Photo-
degradation of polymers. Photochemistry of vision.
3 Properties of Excited States and Excited States of Metal 8 Lectures
Complexes: Structure, dipole moment, acid-base strengths,
reactivity. Photochemical kinetics-calculation of rates of radiative
processes. Biomolecular deactivation-quenching.
Excited states of metal complexes: comparison with organic
compounds, electronically excited states of metal complexes.
Charge-transfer spectra, charge transfer excitations, methods for
obtaining charge-transfer spectra.
4 Ligand Field Photochemistry: Photosubstitution, photo-oxidation 8 Lectures
and photo-reduction, lability and selectivity, zero vibrational levels
of ground state and excited state, energy content of excited state,
zero-zero spectroscopic energy, development of the equations for
redox potentials of the excited states.
5 Redox Reactions by Excited Metal Complexes: Energy transfer 8 Lectures
under conditions of weak interaction and strong interaction-exciplex
formation, conditions of the excited states to be useful as redox
reactants, excited electron transfer, metal complexes as attractive
candidates (2,2’-bipyridine and 1,10-phenenthroline complexes),
illustration of reducing and oxidizing character of Ru2+bipyridyl
complex (comparison with [Fe(bipy)3]); role of spin-orbit coupling-
life time of these complexes. Application of redox processes of
electronically excited states for catalytic purpose, transformation of
low energy reactants into high energy products, chemical energy
into light.
6 Metal Complex Sensitizers and Determination of Reaction 8 Lectures
Mechanism : Metal complex sensitizer, electron relay, metal
colloid system, semiconductor supported metal or oxide systems,
water photolysis, nitrogen fixation and carbon dioxide reduction.

Page 28 of 42
 Classification, rate constants and life times of reactive energy
states-determination of rate constants of reactions. Effects of light
intensity on the rate of photochemical reactions. Types of
photochemical reactions; photo-dissociation, gas-phase photolysis.

BOOKS SUGGESTED
i. A.W. Adamson and P.D. Fleischauer, Concept of Inorganic Photochemistry, Wiley.

ii. Inorganic Photochemistry, J. Chem. Educ., vol. 60, no. 10, 1983.
iii. .J. Lippard, Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 30, ed. S Wiley.
iv. Coordination Chem. Revs., 1981, Vol. 39, 121, 131; 1975, 15, 321; 1990, 97, 313.
v. V. Balzari and Carassiti, Photochemistry of Coordination Compounds, Academic Press.
vi. G.J. Ferraudi, Elements of Inorganic Photochemistry, Wiley-Eastern.
vii. K.K. Rohtagi-Mukherji, Fundamentals of Photochemistry, Wiley-Eastern.
viii.A. Gilbert and J. Baggott, Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry, Blackwell Scientific
Publication.
ix. N.J. Turro, W.A. Benjamin, Molecular Photochemistry,
x. A.Cox and T.Camp, Introductory Photochemistry, McGraw-Hill.
xi. R.P. Kundall and A. Gilbert, Photochemistry, Thomson Nelson.
xii. J.Coxon and B. Halton, Organic Photochemistry, Cambridge University Press.

SEMESTER IV Paper IV
(Elective Paper Inorganic chemistry)
Environmental Chemistry
S.No. Contents Contact
Hours/
Lectures
1 Introduction to Environmental Chemistry: Concept and scope of 8 Lectures
environmental chemistry. Environmental terminology and
nomenclatures. Environmental segments. The natural cycles of
environment (Hydrological, Oxygen, Nitrogen).
2 Atmosphere: Regions of the atmosphere, reactions in atmospheric 8 Lectures
chemistry, Earth’s radiation balance, particles, ion and radicals in
the atmosphere. Chemistry of ozone layer.
3 Hydrosphere: Complexation in natural water and waste-water. 8 Lectures
Micro-organism in aquatic chemical reactions. Eutrophication.
Microbiology mediated redox reactions
4 Lithosphere: Inorganic and organic components in soil, acid-base 8 Lectures
and ion-exchange reactions in soil, micro and macro nutrients,
nitrogen pathways and NPK in soil.
5 Chemical Toxicology: Toxic chemicals in the environments. 8 Lectures
Impact of toxic chemicals on enzymes. Biochemical effects of
arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides
and sulphur oxides.
Page 29 of 42
 6 Air Pollution and Water Pollution : Particulates, aerosols, SOx, 8 Lectures
NOx, COx and hydrocarbon. Photochemical smog, air-quality
standards.
Water-quality parameters and standards: physical and chemical
parameters (colour, odour, taste and turbidity). Dissolved oxygen:
BOD, COD. Total organic carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and
chlorine. Chemical speciation (Pb, As, Hg).

Books Recommended:
i. Environmental Chemistry A global perspective; Fourth Edition, Gary W.
vanLoon and Stephen J. Duffy
ii. Environmental Chemistry A.K. Day, New Age.

SEMESTER IV Paper V
(Elective Paper Organic chemistry)
Organic Synthesis
Details of Course :

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 Organometallic Reagents : Principle, preparations, properties 5 Lectures
and applications of the following in organic synthesis:
Group I and II metal organic compounds
Li, Hg and Zn compounds.
Transition metals: Pd, Ni, Fe, Ti, Cu, Rh and Cr compounds; Other
elements; S, Si and B compounds
2 Oxidation: Introduction. Different oxidative processes. 10
Hydrocarbons-alkenes, aromatic rings, saturated C-H groups Lectures
(activated & nonactivated).
Alcohols, diols, aldehydes, ketones, ketals and carboxylic acids.
Amines, hydrazines and sulphides.
Oxidation with ruthenium tetraoxide, iodobenzene diacetate and
thallium (III) nitrate.
Reduction: Introduction, Different reductive process.
Hydrocarbons-alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic rings.
Carbonyl compounds-aldehydes, ketones, acids and their
derivatives.
Epoxides
Nitro, nitroso, azo and oxime groups. Hydrogenolysis.
3 Metallocenes, Nonbenzenoid Aromatics and Polycyclic 5 Lectures
Aromatic Compounds: General considerations, synthesis and
reactions of some representative compounds.

Page 30 of 42
 4 Disconnection Approach, One group C-C Disconnections and 15
Two Group C-C Disconnections An introduction to synthons Lectures
and synthetic equivalents, disconnection approach, functional group
interconversions, the importance of the order of events in organic
synthesis, one group C-X and two group C-X disconnections,
chemoselectivity, reversal of polarity, cyclisation reactions and
amine synthesis. One group and two group C-C disconnections.
Alcohols and carbonyl compounds, regioselectivity, Alkene
synthesis, use of acetylenes and aliphatic nitro compounds in
organic synthesis.
Diels-Alder reaction, 1,3-difunctionalised compounds, β-
unsaturated carbonyl compounds, control in carbonyl
condensations. Micheal addition and Robinson annelation
5 Protecting Group: Principle of protection of alcohol, amine, 5 Lectures
carbonyl and carboxyl groups.
6 Ring Synthesis: Saturated heterocycles, synthesis of 3-,4-,5- and 6- 8 Lectures
membered rings, aromatic heterocycles in organic synthesis.

BOOKS SUGGESTED
i. H.O. House, W.A. Benjamin, Modern Synthetic Reaction,
ii. W. Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis. Cambridges Univ. Press.
iii. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions Mechanisms and Structure. John
Wiley.
iv. R.O.C. Norman an J.M. Coxon, Principles of Organic synthesis, Blackie Academic &
Professional.
v. F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry Part B, Plenum Press.
vi. Rodd’s Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Ed. S. Coffey, Elsevier.
vii. S Warren, Designing Organic Synthesis, Wiley.
viii. J. Fuhrhop and G. Penzillin, Organic Synthesis- Concept, Methods and Starting
Materials Verlage VCH.
ix. W. A. Benjamin, Modern Synthetic Reactions, H.O. House.

SEMESTER IV Paper VI
(Elective Paper Organic chemistry)
Chemistry of Natural Products and Heterocyclic Compounds
Details of Course :

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures

Page 31 of 42
1 A. Chemistry of Natural Products 5 Lectures
Terpenoids and Carotenoids: Classification, nomenclature,
occurrence, isolation, general methods of structure determination,
isoprene rule. Structure determination, stereochemistry,
biosynthesis and synthesis of the following representative
molecules: Menthol, Santonin and β-Carotene.
2 Alkaloids and Steroids: Definition, nomenclature and 10
physiological action, occurrence, isolation, general methods of Lectures
structure elucidation, classification, role of alkaloids in plants.
Structure, stereochemistry, synthesis and biosynthesis of Morphine
and Reserpine .
Occurrence, nomenclature, basic skeleton, Diel’s Hydrocarbon and
stereochemistry. Isolation, structure determination synthesis and
biosynthesis of Cholesterol, Testosterone and Estrone.
3 Plant Pigments / Porphyrins: Occurrence, extraction, 5 Lectures
classification, chemical characterization and functions of
anthocyanins, flavonoids, xanthophylls and porphyrins. Chemistry
and structure of cyanins, flavones, flavanol, quercetin. Biosynthesis
of flavonoids: Acetate and Shikimic acid pathway. Structure and
synthesis of porphyrin skeleton, haemin and chlorophyll.
4 Prostaglandins/ Pyrethroids and Rotenones: Occurrence, 5 Lectures
nomenclature, classification, biogenesis and physiological effects.
Synthesis of PGE2 and PGE2α.Synthesis and reactions of
Pyrethroids and Rotenones.
Note: In structure elucidation, emphasis is to be laid on the use of
spectral parameters, wherever possible.
5 Application of Spectroscopic Techniques in Structure 5 Lectures
Elucidation of Natural Products: Two dimensional NMR
spectroscopy-COSY, HETCOR, NOESY, DEPT, INEPT, APT and
INADEQUATE techniques. Simplification of complex spectra-
nuclear magnetic double resonance, shift reagents, solvent effects.
Fourier transform technique, Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE).
Elementary idea of NMR of , P and N nuclei
6 B. Heterocyclic Chemistry Nomenclature of Heterocycles / 18
Aromatic and Non-aromatic Heterocycles Lectures
Systematic nomenclature (Hantzsch-Widman System) for
monocyclic, fused and bridged heterocycles. Tautomerism in
aromatic heterocycles. Strain-bond angle, torsional strains and their
consequences in small ring heterocycles.
(i) Heterocyclic Synthesis/Small Ring Heterocycles
Three membered and four-membered 32eterocycles-synthesis and
reactions of aziridines, oxiranes, thiranes, azetidines , oxetanes and
thietanes.
(ii) Benzo-Fused Five-membered Heterocycles Synthesis and
reactions including medicinal applications of benzopyrroles,
benzofurans and benzothiophenes.

Page 32 of 42
 (iii) Six-Membered Heterocycles with Two or More Hetero
atoms Synthesis and reactions of pyrylium salts and pyrones and
their comparison with pyridinium & thiopyrylium salts.
Synthesis and reactions of benzopyrylium salts and coumarins.
Synthesis and reactions of diazines, triazines, tetrazines and
thiazines.

Books Recommended
i. I. L. Finar, Vol. I & II, ELBS.
ii. Stereoselective Synthesis: A Practical Approach, M. Norgradi, VCH.
iii. Rodd’s Chemistry of carbon Compounds, Ed. S. Coffey, Elsevir.
iv. Chemistry, Biological and Pharmalogical Properties of Medicinal Plants from the
Americans, Ed. Kurt Hostettmann, M.P. Gupta and A. Marton, Harwood Academic
Publishers.
v. Introduction to Flavonoids, B.A. Bhom, Harwood Academic Publishers.
vi. New Trends in Natural Product Chemistry, Attu-ur-Rahman and M.I. Choudhary,
Harwood Academic Publishers.
vii. Insecticides of Natural Origin, Suk Dev, Harwood Academic Publishers.
viii. Heterocyclic Chemistry Vol. 1-3, R.R. Gupta, M. Kumar and V. Gupta, Springer
Verlag.
ix. Chemistry of Heterocycles, T. Eicher and S. Hauptmann, Thieme.
x. Contemporary Heterocyclic Chemistry, G.R. Newkome and W.W. Paudler, Wiley-
Inter Science.
xi. An Introduction to the Heterocyclic Compounds, R.M. Acheson, John Wiley.
xii. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, A.R. Katritzky and C.W. Rees, eds.
Pergamon press.
xiii. Chemistry of Natural Products: A unified Approach, N.R. Krishnaswamy,
Universities Press, Hyderabad.

SEMESTER IV Paper VII

(Elective Paper Organic chemistry)
Medicinal Chemistry
Details of Course :

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 Drug Design : Development of new drugs, procedures followed in 8 Lectures
drug design, concepts of lead compound and lead modification,
concepts of prodrugs and soft drug, structure-activity relationship
(SAR), factors affecting bioactivity. Theories of drug activity:
general discussion. Quantitative structure activity relationship.
History and development of QSAR. Concepts of drug receptors.
Elementary treatment of drug receptor interactions. Physico-
chemical parameters: Lipophilicity, partition coefficient, electronic
Page 33 of 42
 ionization constants, steric, Shelton and surface activity parameters
and redox potentials. Free-Wilson analysis, Hansch analysis,
relationships between Free-Wilson and Hansch analysis. LD-50,
ED-50 (Mathematical derivations of equations excluded).
2 Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics : Introduction to drug 8 Lectures
absorption, disposition, elimination using pharmacokinetics,
important pharmacokinetic parameters in defining drug disposition
and in therapeutics. Mention of uses of pharmacokinetics in drug
development process. Introduction, elementary treatment of
enzyme stimulation, enzyme inhibition, sulphonamides, membrane
active drugs, drug metabolism, xenobiotics, biotransformation,
significance of drug metabolism in medicinal chemistry.
3 Antineoplastic Agents: Introduction, cancer chemotherapy, 8 Lectures
special problems, role of alkylating agents and antimetabolites in
treatment of cancer. Mention of carcinolytic antibiotic and mitotic
inhibitors.
Synthesis of mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, melaphalan,
uracil, mustards and 6- mercaptopurine. Recent development in
cancer chemotherapy. Hormone and natural products.
4 Cardiovascular Drugs: Introduction, cardiovascular diseases, 8 Lectures
drug inhibitors of peripheral sympathetic function, central
intervention of cardiovascular output.
Direct acting arteriolar dilators.
Synthesis of amyl nitrate, sorbitrate, verapamil, atenolol.
5 Local Anti-infective Drugs and Antibiotics: Introduction and 8 Lectures
general mode of action. Synthesis of sulphonamides, furzolidone,
nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, dapsone, amino salicylic
acid, isoniazid, ethionamide, ethambutal, fluconazole, econozole,
griseofulvin, chloroquin and primaquin.
Cell wall biosynthesis, inhibitors, β-lactam rings, antibiotics
inhibiting protein synthesis. Synthesis of penicillin G, penicillin V,
ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cephalosporin,
tetracycline and streptomycin.
6 Psychoactive Drugs-The Chemotherapy of Mind : Introduction, 8 Lectures
neurotransmitters, CNS depressants, general anaesthetics, mode of
action of hypnotics, sedatives, anti-anxiety drugs, benzodiazepines,
buspirone, neurochemistry of mental diseases. Antipsychotic drugs
–the neuroleptics, antidepressants, butyrophenones, serendipity and
drug development, stereochemical aspects of psychotropic drugs.
Synthesis of diazepam, oxazepam, chlorazepam, alprazolam,
phenytoin, ethosuximide, trimethadione, barbiturates, thiopental
sodium, glutethimide.

Books Suggested
i. Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, A. Gringuage, Wiley-VCH
ii. Wilson and Gisvold’s Text –Book of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Ed. Robert F. Dorge.

Page 34 of 42
iii. An introduction to Drug Design, S.S. Pandeya and U.R. Diiock, New Age International.
iv. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Vol.- 1 (Chapter 9 and Ch-14), Ed.
M.E. Wolf, John Wiley.
v. Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill.
vi. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, R.B. Silverman, Academic
Press.
vii. Strategies for Organic Synthesis and Design, D. Lednicer, John Wiley.

SEMESTER IV Paper VIII

(Elective Paper Physical chemistry)
Physical organic and Quantum Chemistry
Details of Course :

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 Quantum Chemistry : Plank’s quantum theory, wave- particle 16
duality, uncertainty principle, operators and commutation relations, Lectures
degeneracy, applications of Schrodinger’s wave equation to
harmonic oscillator, rigid rotator and hydrogen atom, angular
momentum including spin coupling of angular momentum and spin-
orbit coupling.
Ordinary angular momentum, generalized angular momentum,
eigen functions for angular momentum, eigen values of angular
momentum, operator using ladder operators, addition of angular
momentum spins, antisymmetry and Pauli ‘s exclusion principle.
2 Concepts in Molecular Orbital (MO) and Valence Bond (VB) 16
Theory : Introduction to Hückle Molecular Orbital (MO) method Lectures
as means to explain modern theoretical methods, advanced
techniques in PMO and FMO theory, molecular mechanics, semi
empirical methods.
Quantitative MO theory – Hückle Molecular Orbital (HMO)
methods, qualitative MO theory-ionization potential, electron
affinities, MO energy levels, orbital symmetry, orbital interaction
diagrams, MO of simple organic systems.
Valence Bond (VB) configuration mixing diagrams, relationship
between VB configuration mixing and resonance theory, reaction
profiles, potential energy diagrams, curve-crossing model nature of
activation barrier in chemical reaction.
3 Kinetic Isotope Effect: Theory of isotope effects, primary and 8 Lectures
secondary kinetic isotope effects, heavy atom Isotope effects.
tunneling effect, solvent effects.
4 Supramolecular Chemistry: General discussion and its 8 Lectures
importance. Molecular recognition: molecular receptors for
different types of molecules including arisonic substrates, design
and synthesis of co-receptor molecules and multiple recognition.
Strong, weak and very weak H-bonds, utilization of H-bonds to
Page 35 of 42
 create supramolecular structures. Use of H-bond in crystal
engineering and molecular recognition. Chelate and macrocyclic
effects. Cation binding hosts, binding of anions, binding of neutral
molecules, binding of organic molecules. Supramolecular reactivity
and catalysis. Transport processes and carrier design.
Supramolecular devices, supramolecular photochemistry,
supramolecular electronic ionic and switching devices. Some
examples of self-assembly in supramolecular chemistry.

Books Suggested
i. Molecular Mechanics, Burkert and NL Allinger, ACS Monograph.
ii. Organic Chemists’ Book of Orbitals, L. Salem and WL Jorgensen, Academic Press
iii. Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry, TH Lowry and KC Rechardson, Harper
and Row
iv. Introduction to Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Molecular Modelling,
v. W.B. Smith, VCH, Weinhelm
vi. Physical Organic Chemistry, N.S Isaacs, ELBS/Longman
vii. Supramolecular Chemistry, Concepts and Perspectives, J.M. Lehn. VCH
viii. The Physical Basis of Organic Chemistry, H Maskill, Oxford University Press.
ix. RS Molecular Mechanics, 3rd Ed., PW Atkins, Friedman, Oxford University Press
(1997)
x. Quantum Chemistry 5th Ed., Ira N Levine Prentice-Hall Inc.: New Jersey
xi. Quantum Chemistry, J.P. Lowe & Peterson, Academic Press
xii. Introduction to Quantum Chemistry, A. K. Chandra, Tata McGraw Hill
xiii. Coulson’s valence, R McWeeny, ELBS
xiv. Micelles, Theoretical and Applied Aspects, V. Moroi, Plenum.
xv. Modern Quantum Chemistry, N. S. Ostlund and A Szabo, McGraw Hill
xvi. Methods of Molecular Quantum Mechanics, R McWeeny and BT Sutcliffe, Academic
Press.
xvii. Density Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules, RG Parr and W Yang, Oxford.
xviii. Exploring Chemistry with Electron Structure Methods, JB Foresman and E Frish,
Goussian Inc
xix. Semi-empirical MO Theory, J Pople and DL Beveridge

SEMESTER IV Paper IX
(Elective Paper Physical chemistry)
Advanced Chemical Dynamics, Thermodynamics
Details of Course :
S.No. Contents Contact
Hours/
Lectures

Page 36 of 42
 1 A. Advanced Chemical Dynamics : Theories of reaction rates: 12
Partition functions (translational, vibrational and rotational) for Lectures
diatomic molecules and application to rate processes, statistical
mechanics of chemical equilibrium, theory of absolute reaction
rates, thermodynamical formulation of reactions rates, theories of
unimolecular reactions: Lindemann’s theory, Hinshelwood’s
treatment, RRK treatment, Slater’s theory (no derivation), Rice-
Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory (no derivation),
general treatment of chain reactions, branching chains, explosive
reactions between hydrogen and oxygen, oxidation of
hydrocarbons, polymerization reactions (molecular and free
radical), oscillatory reactions, kinetic isotope effect.
2 Kinetics in Solution : Influence of solvent reactions between ions, 6 Lectures
reactions between ions and molecules, reactions involving dipoles,
influence of ionic strength, primary and secondary salt effects,
homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, absolute rate theory of
heterogeneous reactions. Enzyme Catalysis: Michaelis-Menton
mechanism, single and double intermediates, general methods for
working out the kinetics of complex enzymatic reactions.
3 Fast Chemical Reactions: Study of kinetics by stopped flow 6 Lectures
techniques, relaxation methods, flash photolysis and magnetic
resonance methods and temperature jump method.
4 B. Advanced Thermodynamics 12
Statistical Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic probability and Lectures
entropy, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac
statistics Partition function: Translational, rotational, vibrational
and electronic partition functions for monoatomic and diatomic
molecules, calculations of thermodynamic parameters and partition
function.
5 Chemical equilibrium: Free energy and entropy of mixing, partial 12
molar quantities, Gibbs-Duhem equation, equilibrium constant, Lectures
temperature-dependence of equilibrium constant, chemical
potential and its use in heterogeneous equilibrium, fugacity, its
significance and determination, ideal solutions and their properties,
Duhem-Margules equation and its applicability.

Books Suggested
i. Statistical Mechanics: Principles and Selected Application, TL Hill, Dover
Publications Inc.: New York
ii. Chemical Kinetics, KJ Laidler, Mcgraw Hill
iii. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformations, J Rajaraman and J. Kuriacose,
McMillan
iv. Computer Simulations of Liquids, MP Allen and D. J. Tildesley, Oxford Science
Publications: Oxford
v. Statistical Physics Vol.5, Part 1, 3rd Ed., LD Landau and IM Lifshitz, Pergamon Press
vi. Stochastic Processes in Physics & Chemistry 2nd Ed., NG van Kampen, Elsevier
Science
Page 37 of 42
vii. Reaction Kinetics, MJ Pilling and PW Seakins, Oxford Press
viii. Thermodynamics for Chemists, S. Glasstone
ix. Advanced Thermodynamics, RP Rastogi
x. Electrochemistry by S. Glasstone
xi. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd Ed., Bard, AJ,
Faulkner, L.R. John. Wiley & Sons: New York
xii. Principle of Electrochemistry, J Koryta, J Dvorak, L. Kavan, John Wiley & Sons: NY
xiii. Modern Electrochemistry, Vol I & II, JOM Bockris and AKN Readdy, Plenum.
xiv. Modern Electrochemistry, Vol I & II, JOM Bockris and AKN Readdy, Plenum

SEMESTER IV Paper X
(Elective Paper Physical chemistry)
Advanced Photochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry
Details of Course :

S.No. Contents Contact

Hours/
Lectures
1 Photochemical Reactions: Interaction of electromagnetic radiation 8 Lectures
with matter, types of excitations, fate of excited molecule, quantum
yield, transfer of excitation energy, actinometry.
2 Miscellaneous Photochemical Reactions: 8 Lectures
Singlet molecular oxygen reactions, photochemical formation of
smog and photodegradation of polymers.
3 Determination of Reaction Mechanism: Classification, rate 8 Lectures
constants and life times of reactive energy states, determination of
rate constants, effect of light intensity on the rate of photochemical
reactions.
4 Molecular Photochemistry: Transitions between states 8 Lectures
(Chemical, classical and quantum dynamics, vibronic states).
Potential energy surfaces; transitions between potential energy
surfaces, radiative transitions. A classical model of radiative
transitions. The absorption and emission of light-state mixing, spin-
orbit coupling and spin forbidden radiative transitions, absorption
complexes, fluorescence, phosphorescence and chemiluminiscence.
5 Advanced Nuclear Chemistry: Radioactive equilibrium, nuclear 16
reaction, Q value cross section, types of reaction. Theory of Nuclear Lectures
forces. Radioactive decay, alpha, beta, gamma, nuclear reactions;
charecteristics and similarities with chemical reactions, threshold
and cross section, nuclear reaction due to neutron, proton, deutron
and gamma irradiation,
Nuclear fission, fission cross section, chain fission and resonance
capture. Fission products and fission yields, mass and charge
distribution in fission and spallation reaction, nuclear reactor.
Nuclear fission and stellar energy
Page 38 of 42
Books Suggested
i. Modem Molecular Photochemistry, NJ Turro, University Science Books
ii. Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry, A Gilbert, J Baggot, Blackwell Scientific
iii. Fundamentals of Photochemistry, K.K. Rohtagi-Mukharji, Wiley- Eastern.
iv. Molecular Photochemistry, NJ Turro, W.A. Benjamin.
v. Introductory Photochemistry, A Cox and T. Champ, McGraw-Hill.
vi. Photochemistry, R.P. Kundall and A. Gilbert, Thomson Nelson.
vii. Organic Photochemistry, J. Coxon and B. Halton, Cambridge University Press.
viii. Modern molecular photochemistry, NJ Turro, University Science Books.
ix. Nuclear chemistry by Arnikar
x. Advanced Physical Chemistry, D. N. Bajpai, S. Chand and Co.
xi. Modern Physical Chemistry, Kundu and Jain, S. Chand and Co.

Organic Laboratory Course 12 hrs

I- Qualitative Analysis 24
Separation, purification and identification of the components of a mixture of three organic
compounds (three solids or two liquids and one solid, two solids and one liquid), using
TLC for checking the purity of the separated compounds, Scanning IR spectra of the
compounds and their interpretation, chemical analysis (derivatization).

Extraction of Organic Compounds from Natural Sources (Minimum of any two of the
following exercises are compulsory, recording of their IR spectra and interpretation)
18
I) Isolation of caffeine from tea leaves.
II) Isolation of casein from milk (the students are required to try some typical colour
reactions of proteins).
III) Isolation of lactose from milk (purity of sugar should be checked by TLC, PC and Rf
value reported).
IV) Isolation of nicotine dipicrate from tobacco.
V) Isolation of cinconine from cinchona bark.
VI) Isolation of piperine from black pepper.
VII) Isolation of lycopene from tomatoes.
VIII) Isolation of β-carotene from carrots.
IX) Isolation of oleic acid from olive oil (involving the preparation complex with urea and
separation of linoleic acid).
X) Isolation of eugenol from cloves.
XI) Isolation of limonene from citrus fruits.
II- Spectroscopy 18
Identification of organic compounds by the analysis of the spectral data (UV, IR, PMR, CMR
& MS)
Note: Record (including test) 15; attendance 10; viva 15

Books suggested
i. Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques (Third Edition), DL Pavia, GM Lampman
& GS Kriz, Saunders College Publishing, Phildelphia, New York.

Page 39 of 42
ii. Operational organic chemistry, A Laboratory Course, Second Edition, JW Lehman.
Allyn &Bacon, Inc.Boston.
iii. Microscale Organic experiments KL Willianson, DC Heath & Co Le. Xington.
iv. Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry, RK Bansal, New age International, Delhi
v. Vogel’s Text book of quantitative Analysis, (revised), J.Bassett, R.C. Denney, G.H. Jeffery
and J. Mendham, ELBS
vi. Synthesis and Characterization of inorganic Compounds, W.L. Jolly, Prentice Hall
vii. Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry, D. Pasto, C. Johnson and M. Miller,
Prentice Hall
viii. Macroascale and Microscale Organic Experiments, K.L. Williamson and D.C. Heath.
ix. Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis, H. Middleton and Adward Arnold.
x. Handbook of Organic Analysis, Qualitative and Quantitative, H. Clark and Adward
Arnold
xi. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell, John Wiley.
xii. Practical Physical Chemistry. A.M. James and F.E. Prichard, Longman.
xiii. Findley’s Practical Physical Chemistry, B.P. Levitt Longman.
xiv. Experimental Physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B. Behera, Tata McGraw Hill.

Physical Chemistry Lab course 12 hrs

1. Study of complex formation by the following methods and determination of stability
constant wherever practicable:
(a) Cryoscopy
(b) Electrical Methods
(c) E.M.F.
2. Determination of transport number.
3. Determination of liquid junction potential.
4. Determination of the charge on colloidal particle.
5. Determination of λ(max) of compounds and verification of Beer’s law.
6. Validity of Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm.
7. Determination of partial molar volume of solute.
8. Determination of the following thermodynamic parameters of a reaction
(a) Enthalpy of activation.
(b) Entropy of activation.
(c) Free energy change.
(d) Equilibrium constant.
(e) Frequency factor
9. Conductometric determination of the equivalent conductivity at infinite dilution of a strong
electrolyte.
10. Determination of the dissociation constant of a weak acid by conductivity method.
11. Conductometric determination of the equivalent conductivity at infinite dilution of a weak
electrolyte.
12. Validity of Ostwald’s dilution law.
13. Determination of the degree of dissociation/ association conductometrically.
14. Determination of the formula of silver ammonia complex & copper ammonia complex.
15. Kinetic Study of the primary salt effect
16. Determination of the velocity constant, order of the reaction and energy of activation for
saponification of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide conductometrically.
17. Determination of pH by EMF.
Page 40 of 42
18. Hydrolysis of the salts by cryoscopic method.
19. Determination of strengths of halides in a mixture potentiometrically.
20. Determination of the valency of mercurous ions potentiometrically.
21. Determination of the strength of strong and weak acids in a given mixture using a
potentiometer/pH meter.
22. Verification of the law of photo-chemical equivalence.
Note: The candidates shall have to do a minimum of 10 experiments. Record (including
test) 15; attendance 10; viva 15

Inorganic Chemistry Lab course 12 hrs

1. Semimicro analysis of inorganic mixture for six radicals. 24

2. Analysis of ores, alloys and inorganic substances by qualitative and quantitative

methods. 18
Or
Three component metal ion analysis (one volumetric and two gravimetric methods) 18

3. Preparation 18
Synthesis of selected inorganic compounds/ complexes and their characterization by IR
and UV & Visible spectral data. Selection can be made from the following or any other
from the existed literature.
(i) cis-and trans- isomers of [Co(en)2Cl2] Cl.
J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 4369.
(ii) Metal acetylacetonates: [Cr(acac)3]; Vanadyl acetylacetonate, [Cu(acac)2. H2O etc.
Inorganic Synthesis, 1957, 5, 130; 1, 183.
(iii) Ferrocene
J. Chem. Edu., 1996, 43, 73; 1976, 53, 730.
(iv) Cr(II) complexes: [Cr (H2O)6] (NO3)3. 3H2O; [Cr(H2O)4 Cl2] Cl.2 H2O; [Cr(en)3]Cl3
Inorg. Synth., 1972, 13, 184.
(v) Tin(IV) iodine, Tin(IV) choride, Tin(II) iodine.
Inorg. Synth., 1953,4,119.
(vi) Mixed valence dinuclear complexes of manganese (III, IV).
(vii) Preparation of tripheny phosphine and its transition metal complexes.
(viii) Reaction of Cr(III) with multidentate ligand, a kinetic experiment (visible spectra of
Cr-EDTA complex).
J. Am. Chem Soc., 1953,75,5670.
(ix) Other new synthesis reported in literature.
(x) Bromination of [Cr(acac)3].
J. Chem. Edu., 1986,63,90.
(xi) Preparation of copper glycine complex- cis- and trans- bis glycinato copper (II).
J. Chem. Edu., 1982,59,1052.
(xii) Relative stability of Tin (IV) and Pb (IV), preparation of ammonium
hexachlorostannate, (NH4)[SnCl6) and ammonium hexachoroplumbate; (NH4)2
[PbCl6].
Note: Record (including test) 15; attendance 10; viva 15

Page 41 of 42
 PROJECT WORK
In the IV Semester the candidate shall have to do a Project. The topic of the project shall
be allotted to him/her by the Project Supervisor. The submission of the project shall be
mandatory for each candidate and he/she will have to submit the project/dissertation not
later than the date of his/her practical examination.

NOTE: Any Government PG College affiliated to the Kumaun University, if wants or

have started specialized course at M. Sc. IV semester level, must seek permission from
the University.

Prof. Anand B. Melkani

Convener, BoS Chemistry
Head, Department of Chemistry
Kumaun University, Nainital

25th June, 2022

Page 42 of 42