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36 views38 pages

Random Sampling

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fs065045
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© © All Rights Reserved
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R

RANDOM SAMPLING
CHAPTER-5

CAMBRIDGE ALEVELS
9709 P&S 2
The weight, in grams, of a certain type of apple is modelled by the random variable X with mean 62 and
standard deviation 8.2. A random sample of 50 apples is selected, and the mean weight in grams, X, is
found. 9709/73/M/J/10

(i) Describe fully the distribution of X. [3]

(ii) Find P(X > 64). [3]


(a) Give a reason why sampling would be required in order to reach a conclusion about.

(i) the mean height of adult males in England, [1] 9709/71/O/N/10 Q7

(ii) the mean weight that can be supported by a single cable of a certain type without the cable

breaking. [1]

(b) The weights, in kg, of sacks of potatoes are represented by the random variable X with mean μ and
standard deviation σ. The weights of a random sample of 500 sacks of potatoes are found and the results
are summarised below.

n = 500, Σ x = 9850, Σ x^2 = 194 125.

(i) Calculate unbiased estimates of μ and σ^2. [3]


(ii) A further random sample of 60 sacks of potatoes is taken. Using your values from part (b) (i),
find the probability that the mean weight of this sample exceeds 19.73 kg. [4]

(iii) Explain whether it was necessary to use the Central Limit Theorem in your calculation in

part (b) (ii). [2]


The editor of a magazine wishes to obtain the views of a random sample of readers about the future of
the magazine. 9709/73/ON/10 Q2

(i) A sub-editor proposes that they include in one issue of the magazine a questionnaire for readers
to complete and return. Give two reasons why the readers who return the questionnaire would
not form a random sample. [2]

The editor decides to use a table of random numbers to select a random sample of 50 readers from the
7302 regular readers. These regular readers are numbered from 1 to 7302. The first few random
numbers which the editor obtains from the table are as follows.

49757 80239 52038 60882

(ii) Use these random numbers to select the first three members in the sample. [2]
On average, 2 people in every 10 000 in the UK have a particular gene. A random sample of 6000 people
in the UK is chosen. The random variable X denotes the number of people in the sample who have the
gene. Use an approximating distribution to calculate the probability that there will be more than 2
people in the sample who have the gene. (4) 9709/71/MJ/11 Q1
The weights of bags of fuel have mean 3.2 kg and standard deviation 0.04 kg. The total weight of a
random sample of three bags is denoted by T kg. Find the mean and standard deviation of T. [4]

9709/72/MJ/11 Q1
X is a random variable having the distribution B12, 1 4 . A random sample of 60 values of X is taken. Find
the probability that the sample mean is less than 2.8. [5] 9709/72/MJ/11 Q1
On average, 1 in 2500 people have a particular gene.

(i) Use a suitable approximation to find the probability that, in a random sample of 10 000 people,
more than 3 people have this gene. [4]

(ii) The probability that, in a random sample of n people, none of them has the gene is less than
0.01. Find the smallest possible value of n. [3]
Jack has to choose a random sample of 8 people from the 750 members of a sports club.

(i) Explain fully how he can use random numbers to choose the sample. [3]

Jack asks each person in the sample how much they spent last week in the club caf´e. The results, in
dollars, were as follows. 15 25 30 8 12 18 27 25

(ii) Find unbiased estimates of the population mean and variance. [3]

(iii) Explain briefly what is meant by ‘population’ in this question. [1]


A population has mean 7 and standard deviation 3. A random sample of size n is chosen from this
population.

(i) Write down the mean and standard deviation of the distribution of the sample mean. [2]

(ii) Under what circumstances does the sample mean have

(a) a normal distribution, [1]

(b) an approximately normal distribution? [1]


Bacteria of a certain type are randomly distributed in the water in two ponds, A and B. The average
numbers of bacteria per cm3 in A and B are 0.32 and 0.45 respectively. 9709/72/MJ/12 Q4

(i) Samples of 8 cm3 of water from A and 12 cm3 of water from B are taken at random. Find the
probability that the total number of bacteria in these samples is at least 3. [3]

(ii) Find the probability that in a random sample of 155 cm3 of water from A, the number of
bacteria is less than 35. [5]
9709/73/ON/12 Q2
9709/71/MJ/14 Q5
9709/73/MJ/15 Q1
9709/73/ON/15 Q1
9709/72/FM/16 Q5
9709/73/MJ/16 Q6
9709/73/ON/16 Q2
9709/73/MJ/17 Q1
9709/72/FM/18 Q1
9709/71/MJ/18 Q5
9709/71/ON/18 Q3
9709/72/ON/18 Q7
9709/72/MJ/19 Q2
9709/73/MJ/19 Q3
9709/61/MJ/20 Q4
9709/62/MJ/20 Q4
9709/61/ON/21 Q1
9709/62/ON/21 Q2
9709/62/MJ/22 Q7
9709/63/MJ/22 Q1
9709/63/MJ/22 Q6
9709/62/ON/22 Q5

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