Handbook of Freemasonry 1

Handbook of Freemasonry
Henrik Bogdan
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
List of Figures x
List of Contributors xiv
1 Introduction 1
Henrik Bogdan and Jan A.M. Snoek
Part 1
Historical Perspectives
2 The History of Freemasonry: An Overview 13
Jan A.M. Snoek and Henrik Bogdan
3 The Old Charges 33
Andrew Prescott
4 The Origins of Freemasonry: Scotland 50
David Stevenson
5 The Origins of Freemasonry: England 63
Matthew D.J. Scanlan
6 Freemasonry and Templarism 82
Pierre Mollier
7 Freemasonry and the Enlightenment 100
Margaret Jacob and Matthew Crow
8 Masonic Historiography 117
Charles Porset
Part 2
Freemasonry and Religion
9 Freemasonry and the Catholic Church 139
José A. Ferrer Benimeli
vi
contents
10 Freemasonry and the Orthodox Churches 155
Jean-François Var
11
Freemasonry and Protestantism 162
Guy Liagre
12
Freemasonry and Judaism 188
Robert Jan van Pelt
13
Freemasonry and Islam 233
Thierry Zarcone
14
Freemasonry and Eastern Religions 258
Jessica Harland-Jacobs and Jan A.M. Snoek
15
Freemasonry and Western Esotericism 277
Henrik Bogdan
16 Freemasonry and New Religious Movements 306
Massimo Introvigne
Part 3
Ritual, Organisation, and Diffusion
17
Masonic Rituals of Initiation 321
Jan A.M. Snoek
18
Freemasonry and Performance 328
Kristiane Hasselmann
19 Masonic Rites and Systems 355
Arturo de Hoyos
20 Relationships between Grand Lodges 378
Jan A.M. Snoek
21
Freemasonry and Friendly Societies 387
Daniel Weinbren
contents
vii
Part 4
Freemasonry, Society and Politics
22 Freemasonry and Women 407
Jan A.M. Snoek
23 Freemasonry and Blacks 422
Cécile Révauger
24 Freemasonry and Colonialism 439
Jessica Harland-Jacobs
25 Freemasonry and Nationalism 461
Jeffrey Tyssens
26 Freemasonry and War 473
François Rognon
Part 5
Freemasonry and Culture
27 Freemasonry and Music 497
Malcolm Davies
28 Freemasonry and Literature 523
Robert. A. Gilbert
29 Freemasonry and Modern Art 539
Marijo Ariëns-Volker
30 Freemasonry and Architecture 557
James Stevens Curl
31
The Material Culture of Freemasonry 606
Mark J.R. Dennis
Subject Index 625
Index of Proper Names 649
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Michael Taylor for having translated into English Chapters 6, 8, 9, and 26,
as well as having improved the English of Chapters 10, 11, and 13. We would also like to thank
Brill Academic Publishers for inviting us to edit this Handbook. Additional thanks go to Maarten
Frieswijk at Brill, and to the Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion series editors, Carole M.
Cusack and James R. Lewis. Finally, and most importantly, thanks are due to all the contributors of
this volume.
Göteborg and Marbella, Vernal Equinox 2014
Henrik Bogdan and Jan Snoek
List of Figures
26.1
The sign of distress at Waterloo 484
26.2
Masonic banners on the ramparts of the Commune 488
26.3
Example of masonic morals 490
26.4
‘Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt’ (Photograph taken from Hamill and Gilbert 1992: 89, 127)
493
26.5
‘Audie Murphy’ (Photograph taken from Hamill and Gilbert 1992:
89, 127) 493
27.1
‘The Enter’d Prentice’s Song’, Page 84 of the 1723 Constitutions 500
27.2
‘Die Kette’ by Johann Gottlieb Naumann from Vierzig Freimäurerlieder (Berlin 1784). By
permission of the Cultural Masonic Centre, Prince Fredrik, The Hague 506
27.3
The opening of the Marcia Funèbre 1881, by W.F.G. Nicolaï. By permission of the Cultural
Masonic Centre, Prince Fredrik, The Hague 508
27.4
‘Der Dreimalige Accord’ 513
27.5
The fifth adagio (bar 16 to the end) from the composer’s
manuscript. By permission of the Cultural Masonic Centre,
Prince Fredrik, The Hague 516
30.1
Design for the Ark of the Masonic Covenant by Soane, drawn
(1813–1814) in pen with coloured washes by George Allen Underwood
(1792–1829), who worked in Soane’s office 1807–1815. It features the three basic Orders of
Architecture (By Courtesy of the Trustees of Sir John Soane’s Museum, London, SM 14/4/6) 561
30.2
Perspective view of the Council Chamber, Freemasons’ Hall, by night, drawn by J. M Gandy, 1831.
Pen and watercolour (By Courtesy of the Trustees of Sir John Soane’s Museum, London, SM
P268) 562
30.3
Soane’s tomb in the burial-ground of St Giles-in-the-Fields (now St Pancras Gardens), London
(James Stevens Curl) 564
30.4
Illustration from Grand Orient de France, Le Régulateur du Maçon.
Paris (Grand Orient de France) 1801, showing a Pantheon-like structure on a base of seven steps,
with various Masonic symbols. Note the cord, or border, alluding to the care of providence, which
surrounds and keeps Freemasons within its protection: it is an emblem of the
fraternal bond by which Freemasons are united (Collection James
Stevens Curl) 566
30.5
The destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, engraved by Philip Galle (1537–1612) after a drawing
by Maarten van Heemskerck (1498–1574): it should be noted than not only are there twin columns
standing in front
list of Figures
xi
of the Temple (which is of the circular type, contrary to all Biblical evidence), but there are twisted
barley-sugar ‘Solomonic’ columns
in antis at the entrance to the porch. This is an example of Renaissance syncretism (Collection
James Stevens Curl) 568
30.6
Plan of the Karlskirche, Vienna, by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach.
Plate 15 from his Entwurff of 1725. Note the elliptical space, the prostyle portico, and the twin
columns flanking the portico attached to the very wide front (Collection James Stevens Curl) 569
30.7
Elevation of the Karlskirche, Vienna, by Fischer von Erlach. Plate 12
from his Entwurff of 1725. Note the twin spiral columns flanking the Antique Roman portico
(Collection James Stevens Curl) 570
30.8
Panarèthéeon or Temple of Virtue and School of Morals by Ledoux. From James Stevens Curl, The
Art and Architecture of Freemasonry. London (Batsford) 1991 174 (Collection James Stevens
Curl) 571
30.9
Temple of Memory by Ledoux from Curl, Freemasonry. 1991 175
30.10
Oïkéma or Temple of Sexual Instruction by Ledoux from Curl, Freemasonry. 1991 173 (Collection
James Stevens Curl) 573
30.11
Trials by fire, water, earth, and air ( Quatre Élémens) for the reception of initiates in Memphis.
Plate from Alexandre-Marie Lenoir, LaFranche-Maçonnerie rendue à sa véritable Origine, ou
l’Antiquité dela Franche-Maçonnerie prouvée par l’explication des mystères
anciens et modernes. Paris (Fournier, etc.) 1814, showing ceremonies as described in the novel
Séthos by Terrasson (Collection James Stevens Curl) 574
30.12
Iron Bridge at Wörlitz modelled on the first Iron Bridge in Shropshire: it was just one of many
exemplary bridges in the Gartenreich intended to show different solutions to the problems of
bridge-building (James Stevens Curl) 575
30.13
Temple of Diana framed by the ‘ruined’ ‘Greek’ Arch at Arkadia
30.14
Tower at Edge Hill, Warwickshire (James Stevens Curl) 578
30.15
‘Ruined’ Temple of Mercury at Schwetzingen (Bernd Hausner RPS/
LAD) 579
30.16
‘Mosque’ at Schwetzingen (Andreas Förderer) 579
30.17

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