1. For the following data, compute the mean, median, and mode. Use the round-off rule.

he ages of

To compute the mean, median, and mode for the given ages of students, we will go through each
step one by one.

The ages of the students are: 17, 19, 20, 18, 18, 19, 19, 18, 18, 25, and 19.

Step 1: Calculate the Mean

The mean is calculated by adding all the numbers together and then dividing by the total count of
numbers.

1. Add all the ages:

17 + 19 + 20 + 18 + 18 + 19 + 19 + 18 + 18 + 25 + 19 = 17 + 19 = 36
36 + 20 = 56
56 + 18 = 74
74 + 18 = 92
92 + 19 = 111
111 + 19 = 130
130 + 18 = 148
148 + 18 = 166
166 + 25 = 191
191 + 19 = 210

The total sum of ages is 210.

2. Count the number of ages:

There are 11 ages.

3. Calculate the mean:

Mean = Total Sum / Number of Ages
Mean = 210 / 11 = 19.09 (rounded to two decimal places)

Step 2: Calculate the Median

The median is the middle number when the data is arranged in ascending order.

1. Arrange the ages in ascending order:

17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 25

2. Since there are 11 numbers (which is odd), the median is the middle number. The middle number
is the 6th number in the ordered list:
The 6th number is 19.
Step 3: Calculate the Mode
The mode is the number that appears most frequently in the data set.
1. Count the frequency of each age:
- 17: 1 time
- 18: 5 times
- 19: 5 times
- 20: 1 time
- 25: 1 time

2. The modes are 18 and 19, as they both appear 5 times, which is more than any other number.
Final Results:
- Mean: 19.09
- Median: 19
- Mode: 18 and 19

So, the mean is 19.09, the median is 19, and the modes are 18 and 19.

2. How are the mean, median and mode affected by extreme values?

Mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency, and they respond differently to extreme
values or outliers.

1. Mean: The mean is calculated by adding all the numbers in a data set and dividing by the count of
those numbers. Because it takes every value into account, the mean can be significantly affected by
extreme values. For example, if a data set contains mostly low values but has one very high value,
the mean will be pulled upward, making it appear higher than what most of the data represents.

2. Median: The median is the middle value when the data is ordered from lowest to highest. It is less
influenced by extreme values because it focuses on the position of the numbers rather than their
actual values. Even if there are outliers, as long as they do not change the middle position of the
data, the median remains stable. This makes the median a more reliable measure of central
tendency when outliers are present.

3. Mode: The mode is the number that appears most frequently in the data set. Extreme values can
affect the mode only if they occur frequently enough to change which number appears the most. If
an extreme value is rare, it will not impact the mode.

In summary, the mean is sensitive to extreme values, the median is more resistant to their influence,
and the mode can only be affected if the extreme value is frequent. Understanding these differences
helps in choosing the right measure of central tendency based on the data set's characteristics.

3. Does every data set have a mode?

Not every data set has a mode. A mode is defined as the value that appears most frequently in a
data set. Here are some key points to consider:

1. No Mode: If all values in a data set are unique and appear only once, then there is no mode. For
example, in the data set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, each number appears only once, so there is no mode.

2. Single Mode: A data set can have one mode, which is called a unimodal distribution. For instance,
in the data set {1, 2, 2, 3, 4}, the number 2 is the mode because it appears most frequently.

3. Multiple Modes: A data set can also have more than one mode, which is referred to as a
multimodal distribution. For example, in the data set {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}, both 1 and 2 are modes because
they appear with the same highest frequency.

In summary, a data set may have no mode, one mode, or multiple modes, depending on the
frequency of the values present.

4. Estimate the mean of the following frequency distribution.

Class 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39

Frequency 12 5 7 2 6 3

To estimate the mean of the given frequency distribution, we will follow these steps:

1. Find the midpoints of each class: The midpoint is calculated by adding the lower and upper
boundaries of each class and dividing by 2.

2. Multiply each midpoint by the corresponding frequency: This gives us the total contribution of
each class to the overall mean.

3. Sum the frequencies and the total contributions: This will help us to calculate the mean.

Let's work through it step-by-step.

Step 1: Calculate the midpoints

- For the class 10-14: (10 + 14) / 2 = 12

- For the class 15-19: (15 + 19) / 2 = 17
- For the class 20-24: (20 + 24) / 2 = 22
- For the class 25-29: (25 + 29) / 2 = 27
- For the class 30-34: (30 + 34) / 2 = 32
- For the class 35-39: (35 + 39) / 2 = 37
Step 2: Create a table with midpoints and frequencies

Class Midpoint Frequency Midpoint * Frequency

10-14 12 12 12 * 12 = 144

15-19 17 5 17 * 5 = 85

20-24 22 7 22 * 7 = 154

25-29 27 2 27 * 2 = 54

30-34 32 6 32 * 6 = 192

35-39 37 3 37 * 3 = 111

Step 3: Sum the frequencies and the total contributions

- Total Frequency = 12 + 5 + 7 + 2 + 6 + 3 = 35
- Total Contribution = 144 + 85 + 154 + 54 + 192 + 111 = 740

Step 4: Calculate the mean

Mean = Total Contribution / Total Frequency

Mean = 740 / 35 ≈ 21.14

Therefore, the estimated mean of the frequency distribution is approximately 21.14.

5. Compute the GPA for a college student who earned the following grades.

Course Grade Credits

 Biology B-3.0 3

English C-2.0 3

Math A-4.0 3

Bio Lab A-4.0 1

Spanish A-4.0 3

To compute the GPA for the college student, we will follow these steps:

1. Assign the grade points to each grade: The grades have corresponding grade points, which you
have provided.

2. Multiply the grade points by the number of credits for each course: This will give us the quality
points for each course.

3. Sum the total quality points and total credits: This will help us calculate the GPA.

4. Calculate the GPA: The GPA is found by dividing the total quality points by the total credits.

Now, let's go through the calculations step by step.

Step 1: Assign Grade Points

- Biology: B- = 3.0
- English: C- = 2.0
- Math: A- = 4.0
- Bio Lab: A = 4.0
- Spanish: A = 4.0

Step 2: Calculate Quality Points

Course Grade Grade Points Credits Quality Points

(Grade Points *
Credits

Biology B- 3.0 3 3.0 * 3 = 9.0

 English C- 2.0 3 2.0 * 3 = 6.0

Math A- 4.0 3 4.0 * 3 = 12.0

Bio Lab A 4.0 1 4.0 * 1 = 4.0

Spanish A 4.0 3 4.0 * 3 = 12.0

Step 3: Sum the Total Quality Points and Total Credits

- Total Quality Points = 9.0 + 6.0 + 12.0 + 4.0 + 12.0 = 43.0

- Total Credits = 3 + 3 + 3 + 1 + 3 = 13

Step 4: Calculate the GPA

GPA = Total Quality Points / Total Credits

GPA = 43.0 / 13 ≈ 3.31

Therefore, the GPA for the college student is approximately 3.31.

6. Find the median of the data set: 14. 7, 23, 5, 14, 22, 19, 20, 27,9

To find the median of the data set, we will follow these steps:

1. Arrange the data in ascending order.

2. Determine the number of data points.
3. Find the median based on whether the number of data points is odd or even.

Step 1: Arrange the Data in Ascending Order

The data set is: 14, 7, 23, 5, 14, 22, 19, 20, 27, 9.

Arranging this in ascending order gives us:

5, 7, 9, 14, 14, 19, 20, 22, 23, 27.

Step 2: Determine the Number of Data Points

There are a total of 10 data points in this set.

Step 3: Find the Median

Since the number of data points (10) is even, the median will be the average of the two middle
numbers.

The two middle numbers in our ordered data set are the 5th and 6th numbers:

- 5th number: 14
- 6th number: 19

Now, we calculate the median:

Median = (14 + 19) / 2 = 33 / 2 = 16.5

Therefore, the median of the data set is 16.5.