Index

Sr.No Practical Name Pg.no Date Signature

0 Familiarizing Quantum GIS: Installation of QGIS,

datasets for both Vector and Raster data, and Maps.
1 Creating and Managing Vector Data: Adding vector
layers, setting properties, formatting, calculating line
lengths and statistics
2 Exploring and Managing Raster data: Adding raster
layers, raster styling and analysis, raster mosaicking
and clipping
3 Making a Map, Working with Attributes, Importing
Spreadsheets or CSV files Using Plugins, Searching
and Downloading OpenStreetMap Data

4 Working with attributes, terrain Data

5 Working with Projections and WMS Data.

6 Georeferencing Topo Sheets and Scanned Maps

Georeferencing Aerial Imagery Digitizing Map Data

7 Managing Data Tables and Saptial data Sets: Table

joins, spatial joins, points in polygon analysis,
performing spatial queries
8 Advanced GIS Operations 1:Nearest Neighbor
Analysis, Sampling Raster Data using Points or
Polygons, Interpolating Point Data
9 Advance GIS Operations 2: Batch Processing using
Processing Framework Automating Complex
Workflows using Processing Modeler Automating
Map Creation withPrint Composer Atlas

10 Validating Map data

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Practical 1
Aim: Creating and Managing Vector Data: Adding vector layers, setting
properties, formatting, calculating line lengths and statistics

a) Adding vector layers (Polygon, Line, points)

1. Click on Layer Options mentioned below:
Ribbon: Layer->Create Layer->New Shapefile Layer

2. Write your file name and browse through the file you wanted to save your file in. Select
“polygon” in the Geometry type option.
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3. Using the left click of your mouse, make a polygon layer. This will serve as the base of
you map. Once you’ve done with the desired shape of your base, click the “right click” of
your mouse and name the “id” and “area” to display the names of the layers.
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b) Adding Line Vector Layer:

1. Follow the same steps for creating roads and railways stations

2. The only difference while creating line layer and polygon layer is selecting “LineString”
instead of “Polygon”.
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3. To Change the line type of line Vector, right on your particular line layer in the “Layer”
situated in the Left side of the window. Click on “Properties”. Select “Symbology” to
change the type of Line Layer.
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4. Follow the same steps for creating location

5. With following same steps and editing the points. The output is displayed below
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1d) Calculating line lengths and statistics.

1. Open QGIS, go to Project and select new.

2. Go to layer click on add layer and select add vector layer.

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3. Add ‘IND_rails.shp’ and ‘IND_adm0.shp’ file to the project by clicking on add button.

4. Now, close the Data Source Manager and from Layer Panel double click on IND_adm0

5. Select Symbology and then select any outline style from given options and click on Apply
and Press OK.
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6. Now, In Layer Panel right click on IND_rails and open attribute table.

7. Press Toggle Editing button and click on Field Calculator.

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8. Set the output field name as “Track_Len” and field type to “Decimal Number”. Set
expression as $length/1000 and click on OK.

9. A new column is added to the attribute table with value representing the length of
track in Kilo Meter. Click on save edits in toolbar and close the window.
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10. For calculating the total length of Railway tracks in India, we’ll Select Vector→ Analysis Tools→
Basic Statics for Fields.

11. Select IND_rails layer from input layer. And select Track_Len in “Field to Calculate
statistics on” and in statistics select save to file from drop-down list and name the file
Output.html.
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12. Click on Run button. We will see the result in Log.

13. Now, open Output.html file to get the field statistics that show Total length of Railway
track in India as ‘60479.320000000014’.
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Practical 2
Aim: Exploring and Managing Raster data: Adding raster layers, raster styling
and analysis
1. Open a new Project and go in Layer in the menu bar. Layer -> Add Layer->Add Raster
Layer…

2. Such a dialog box opens from where you have to select the raster image (from path).
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3. Select the ‘glds90ag.asc’ & ‘glds00ag60.asc’data file (it is a raster image).

4. Click on Add button then.

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This is what it looks like:

5. The Coordinate Reference System should be WGS 84 and Authority ID should be EPSG:
4326.
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6. Go to Symbology section.

6. In the Render type, Click on ‘Singleband pseudocolor’ in the dropdown list.

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8. Click on ‘all Color Ramps’ in the dropdown list of Color ramp. Click on ‘YIOrRd’ option.

9. Set the Max to 200.

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10. Click on ‘Apply’ and then ‘OK’.

11. This is what the output looks like.

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12. Raster -> Raster Calculator…

13. In Raster Calculator dialog box, type “‘glds00ag60.asc’-‘glds90ag60.asc’” in the Raster

Calculator Expression.
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14. Locate the path in the ‘Output Layer’ in the Raster Calculator Dialog box. Click on OK.

15. Double Click on ‘Prac_2b output’, click on Symbology and select ‘Singleband
pseudocolor’ in Render type
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16. Select Discrete in ‘Interpolation’ and follow the previous steps for Color Ramps section.

17. Select the rows and remove all the selected rows by click the minus ‘-’ sign.
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18. Add new rows by clicking on the addition ‘+’ sign.

19. Change the details in ‘Value <=’ and ‘Label’ section in the grid.
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20. After changing the color, Click on Apply->OK to get the output displayed below.
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21. Layers -> Add Layer -> Add Raster Layer…

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22. Select files ‘FAS_India1.2018349.terr.367.2km.tif’,

‘FAS_India2.2018349.terr.367.2km.tif’, ‘FAS_India3.2018349.terr.367.2km.tif’ &
‘FAS_India4.2018349.terr.367.2km.tif’ in Raster database(s) and click on Add.

23. Click on Raster->Miscellaneous->Merge…

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24. Select all the files you want to merge in Input layers and click on OK

25. In Merged section, click on ‘…’, select on ‘Save a file’ and locate the folder you want to
save the output. Click on Run->Close to display the output.
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26. Click on Layer->Add Layer->Add Vector Layer…

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27. Select ‘IND_amd0.shp’ and click on Open.

28. Click on Add.

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29. Double click on the layer, click on Symbology and select ‘outline blue’. Click on Apply and
OK.

30. Raster -> Extraction -> Clip Raster by Mask Layer…

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31. In Clipped (mask), select ‘Save to File…’

32. Locate the path where you wish the file and click on Save.
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33. Click on Run and Close to get the final output.

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PRACTICAL – 3
AIM: Making a Map, Working with Attributes, Importing Spreadsheets or CSV
files Using Plugins, Searching and Downloading OpenStreetMap Data.
a. Making a Map

1. Open existing map. Consider the following map as example map.

2. Go to Project → New Print Layout

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3. Give a suitable name to Print Layout and click on ok.

4. A new Print Layout will open. Now, Select Add Item → Add Map

5. After adding map go to Item Properties → Map1→ Layers. Check on Lock Layers and
Lock Styles for Layers
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6. Go to Add Item → Add Picture → Place a picture box at appropriate location.

7. Add Navigation Symbol and adjust Image Rotation in Item Properties → Image Rotation

8. Using Add Item → Add Picture → Select an area to be highlighted on main Map. In Item
Properties of Map 1 → Overviews → using plus icon add an overview
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9. Add Item → Add Label

10. Change the Label text to “Isha Padhiyar 53003210003”, Set appropriate font size and
colour using Item Properties→ Main Properties.

11. Add Item → Add Legend→ Place the legend indicator at appropriate location.
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12. Click on Add Item → Add Scale Bar

13. Add Item → Add Label →Add Label using HTML rendering
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14. A Map can be saved in Image or PDF. Click on Layout → Export as Image / Export as PDF.
Save the Map to a location appropriate location.

15. Open PDF from location.

b. Importing Spreadsheets or CSV files

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1. Go to Layer → Add Layer → Add Delimited text Layer. Sample file for Earthquake data will
be used in this practical.

2. Select the file and set X field as Longitude and Y field as Latitude and press ADD.

3. The output after adding .csv file

c. Using Plugin
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1. Click on Plugins → Manage and Install Plugins....

2. To enable plugin check on the checkbox next to plugin

3. Click on Setting→ check on Show also experimental Plugin and Show also deprecated
plugin.
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d. Searching and Downloading OpenStreetMap Data

1. Click on Not installed then install “Open Layer” and “OSM Search” Plugin

2. Click on View → Panels → select OSM Place Search.

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3. Go to Web → Open Layer Plugin and select Open Street Map. If an error occurs in loading
maps, go to project properties → CRS →No projection.

4.World Map will appear.

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5.In OSM Place search Pane → Search any place name then click on -> this symbol, a list of
places will be displayed double click on the desired place in OSM Place search Panel.

PRACTICAL 4
Aim: Working with attributes, terrain data.
a. Working with Attributes
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1. Go to Layer → Add Layer → Add Vector Layer

2. Select file “ne_10m_populated_places_simple.zip” and click on Add.

3. Right click on Layer Panel → Open Attribute Table

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4.To find the Place with maximum population click on “pop_max” then click on expression
button.

5.Enter pop_max>100 and pop_max<10000 and click select Feature button to get all the
places with population between 100 and 10000. Places matching the criteria will appear in
different colour.
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6.Try using different Queries.

b. Terrain Data and Shade Analysis

1.Go to Layer → Add Raster Layer → select “10n060e_20101117_gmted_mea300.tif” file

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2.Set coordinate = 86.92, 27.98, scale = 900000 and Magnifier = 100%

3.Go to Raster → Extraction→ Clip Raster by Extent

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4.Select the raster layer then select Use Map Canvas Extent and select the location and file
name for storing clipped raster layer

5.Press on Run

6.Deselect the original layer and keep the clipped one.

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7.Go to Raster → Extraction→ Contour

8.Select the input raster layer name. Set Contour Interval 100 meters and select the output
file and name it.

9.Press on Run
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10.Double click on HimalayaRegionContour Layer and select Label as ELEV and give
appropriate symbols for line

11.Right click on Layer and open Attribute Table

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12.Arrange the table in descending order based on the value of “ELEV” column. Click on first
row and then click on search icon.

13.Go to Raster → Analysis → Hill Shade

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14.Select Layer and do the changes in Scale, Altitude and Press Run

15. After Raster styling the Output will appear like this
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PRACTICAL 5
AIM: Working with Attributes, Terrain Data.
1. Click on Layer => Add Layer=>Add Vector Layer

2. Select the countries zip file.

3. Layer =>Save As...

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4. Select ESRI Shapefile format and save the layer to an appropriate location.

5. Select North_America_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic EPSG:102008 as CRS.

6. Click on OK to get the below mentioned output.

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7. Add Layer =>Add Raster Layer.

8. Add the MiniScale.tif file

9. Project => Project Properties. Add the OSGB 1936 /British National Grid coordinate reference
system.
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11. Click on OK.

12. The output may look as follows.

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Practical 6
Aim: Georeferencing Topo Sheets and Scanned Maps
1. Start a new project
2. Go to Layers → Add Layer → Add vector Layer

3. Select IND_adm1.shp and Zoom in to Mumbai region in the layer.

4. Go to Plugin – Manage and Install Plugin

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5. Install Georeferencer GDAL plugin

6. After Installing, Go to Layer - Georeferencer

7. A new Georeferencer window will open. Click on File – Open Raster

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8. Select ‘Malabar_Hill_(aerial_view).tiff’ file

9. Go to Settings →Transformation Settings

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10. Select Transformation type → Thin Plate Spline. Re-sampling Method → Nearest
Neighbour. Target TRS → Everest 1830 datum: EPSG 4044. Select Output Raster
Name and Location. Check the Load in QGIS When Done Option.

11. Click on OK

12. Go to Edit → Add Points

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13. Select the set of control points

14. In Georeferencing window go to → File → Start Georeferencing

15. The canvas area will now have the scanned map of Mumbai referenced with control
points
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16. Click on modifies layer, Go to Properties - Set Transparency level of raster layer to
appropriate level.

17. Output will look like this

b. Georeferencing Aerial Imagery

1. Click on Web – OpenStreetMap Plugin - OpenStreetMap

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2. Go to Project → Properties → Set CRS to EPSG 3857

3. Go to View → Panels → select OSM Place search

4. Search for some place in OSM Search Panel and zoom in to appropriate level.
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5. Go to Raster → Georeferencer

6. File → Open Raster

7. Select file “Malabar_Hill_(aerial_view).tiff” project data folder. Go to Edit → Add

Point
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8. Select control points from map.

9. Go to Setting → Transformation Setting

10. Do necessary changes in Transformation Parameter

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11. Click on Start Georeferencing Button

Output:

C. Digitizing Map Data

1. Go to Layer - Add Raster→ Select ‘Christchurch Topo50 map.tif’ from data folder
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2. Right-click the ‘Christchurch Topo50 map.tif’ layer and select Properties

3. Choose the Pyramids tab. Hold the Ctrl key and select all the resolutions offered in the
Resolutions panel. Click Build pyramids then click ok.

4. Go to Settings →Options
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5. Select the Digitizing tab. set the Default snap mode to vertex and press ok.

6. Go to Layer → Create Layer → Add SpatiaLite Layer

7. Select the name and location for Spatial database and save it
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8. Add “Name” and “Class” fields using “Add to Fields List”

9. Click the Toggle Editing button to put the layer in editing mode

10. Click Add Line Feature button and draw line.

11. Add required field

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12. Right click the Roads layer and go in it’s properties

13. Give labels as Single labels, do the necessity changes.

14. The Roads Layer will look like this

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PRACTICAL 7
Aim: Managing Data Tables and Spatial data Sets: Table joins, spatial joins,
points in polygon analysis, performing spatial queries

Managing Data Tables and Spatial data Sets:

a) Table joins
1. Layer->Add Layer->Add vector layer.

2. Select the .zip or .shp file and click on Add.

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3. Make a new .csvt file so that we can extract numeric information as well and save it in the
same folder as your .csv data file.

4. Layer->Add Layer->Add delimited test Layer

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5. Select the .csv file now and Select the options as follows.

6. Go to the properties of your layer.

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7. Select Joins and Input information as follows

8. Joins will be added to your file, click on OK button

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9. Input data as follows.

b) spatial joins
1. Layer->Add Layer->Add Vector Layer…
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2. Select both the .shp files.

3. Open the Attributes table of the layer.

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4. Observe the default attributes table.

5. Vector->Data Management Tools->Join Attributes by Location…

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6. Select options in the window as follows.

7. Click on Run button to run the algorithm with the provided inputs.
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8. Select the ‘i’ kind of icon and draw an area you want to output. Output may look as
follows.

c) Points in polygon analysis

1. Layer->Add Layer->Add Delimited Text Layer.
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2. Select the EarthQuakeDatabase Text file.

3. Set information as follows.

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4. Layer->Add layer->Add Vector Layer…

5. Select the first .zip or .shp file

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6. Go to Vector>Analysis tools>Count Points in polygon and enter details as follows

7. Use the select Feature button to check details and the output will look as follows.
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d) Performing spatial queries

1. Layer>Add Layer>Add Vector Layer and add two layers.

2. Open project Properties → Set CRS “World_Azimuthal_Equidistant EPSG 54032” . The

map will be re-projected as
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3. Go to Vector → Geoprocessing Tool → Buffer, enter the following details

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4. Go to Vector → Research Tool → Select By Location and enter the following details

5. This will highlight only those rivers containing a populated place within 2 KM and the
output will look as follows.
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Practical 8
Aim: Advanced GIS Operations: Nearest Neighbour Analysis, Sampling Raster
Data using Points or Polygons, Interpolating Point Data
a. Nearest Neighbour Analysis.
1. Layer > Add Layer > Add delimited text later

2. Add the .txt file

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3. Layer > Add Layer > Add Vector layer and choose ne0_10m_populated_places_simple.zip

4. Vector > Analysis tools > Distance matrix

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5. Choose the input and output parameters as shown, Keep the K value 1.

6. Layer > Add Layer > Add delimited text layer, the output file of the previous Step is added
here, select no geometry and add.
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7. Go to the properties of .txt layer, Go in Joins and set the following parameters.

8. Open the attribute table of the EarthQuake layer. Scroll to extreme right and you will see
your table in now joined as follows.
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9. Save this layer to one, Layer > Save As.

10. Go to the properties of this saved vector layer, Go to Source > Query Builder
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11. Add the following expression.

12. Go to the properties of ne_10m_populated_places_simple, Source > Query Builder.

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13. Give the following expression.

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14. Plugins > Manage and Install Plugins, Add the MMQGIS plugin
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15. MMQGIS > Create > Hub Lines

16. Set the following fields.

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17. The output may look as follows.

b. Sampling Raster Data using Points or Polygons

1. Layer > Add Layer > Add Raster Layer.
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2. Add file us.tmax_nohads_ll_{YYYYMMDD}_float.tif

3. Layer > Add layer > Add delimited Text Layer

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4. Set the following parameters. And select file 2013_Gaz_ua_national.txt

5. Plugins > Manage and install Plugins

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6. Install the Point Sampling Tool.

7. Plugins > Analysis > Point Sampling Tool.

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8. Choose GEOID and NAME fields from the2013_Gaz_ua_national layer and

us.tmax_nohads_ll_ float: Band 1

9. Select the i tool and select a point on your layer to view its details
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10. Add a vector layer as tl_2013_us_county.shp

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11. Check the Zonal Statistics plugin.

12. Raster > Zonal Statistics > Zonal Statistics.

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13. Set Parameters as follows.

14. Style this layer to create a temperature map. Right-click the counties layer and select
Properties.
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15. Set Parameters as follows.

16. Output may look as follows.

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c. Interpolating Point Data

1. Layer > Add layer > Add Vector Layer, Add Arlington_Soundings_2007_stpl83.shp
andBoundary2004_550_stpl83.shp layers.
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2. Raster > interpolation > interpolation, to enable output section set the following
parameters, click Add button then set the remaining attributes.

3. Raster > Extraction > Clipper

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4. Select the following combinations or as per your choice for styling of your layer.

5. Raster > Extraction > Contour

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6. Select the following parameters and click on OK.

7. Go in the properties of the contours layer.

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8. Set the following labels to show elevation.

9. The output may look as follows.

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Practical 9
Aim: Advance GIS Operations 2: Batch Processing using Processing Framework
Automating Complex Workflows using Processing Modeler Automating Map
Creation with Print Composer Atlas
a. Batch Processing using Processing Framework
1. Layer > Add layer > Add vector Layer, Add ne_10m_admin_0_countries.shp, Go to Filter in
this layer.

2. Provide the Filter Expression.

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3. Open ports, airports, and railways shape file. Processing > Toolbox, Search for the clip
algorithm, right click and run and set the following sets of inputs, overlay layers and
outputs. YOU NEED TO RUN IT THRICE FOR airports, ports and railways.

4. Set Input Layers

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5. Set Overlay Layers, Save output layers as clipped.

6. The output may look as follows.

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b. Automating complex workflows using processing modeler.

1. Processing > Graphical Modeler, Drag and drop +Raster layer, Set Input as the parameter
definition.

2. Search for Majority Filters and Drag and drop it to workspace.

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3. Set the following parameters.

4. Drag and drop Polygorize (raster to vector) algorithm.

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5. Set the following parameters.

6. Drag and drop the Extract by Attribute Algorithm.

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7. Set the following parameters.

8. Save the created model.

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9. Layer > Add Layer > Add Raster layer, Add LC_hd_global_2001.tif.gz file
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10. From the Processing toolbox select your model and run algorithm on your layer.

11. Let’s try to edit model by providing an input string as per user than keeping it constant
to 12.
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12. Drag and drop the +String input parameter, Setting a default parameter to this defined
value, Click on the edit option of Extract Attribute, Set Value as class so that user’s input can
be taken dynamically.

13. Run your model (F5)

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14. Run your model again by providing a different input.

15. Add one more Raster layer to check the accuracy of our model, Add
LC_hd_global_2012.tif.gz file, Run the model to compare this file results with the previous
one.
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16. The output may look as follows.

c. Automating Map Creation with Print Composer Atlas

1. Layer > Add Layer > Add Vector Layer, Add file HI_Wetlands_Poly.shp
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2. Add Country10.shp file also

3. Project > New Print Layout

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4. Add Item > Add Map

5. Drag the region to draw your map.

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6. View > Panels > Check Atlas Option, Go to Atlas tabSet The following parameters.

7. Go to item properties tab > Tick Controlled by Atlas feature.

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8. Insert as Expression and at the following expression. concat(‘Country of,’ “Name10”), This
will create Dynamic label with respect to the current Atlas. Create a static label too

9. Go to this layers properties and whiten the color.

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10. Changes may reflect on the map.

11. Again to the properties of the layer > Symbology > Inverted Polygons > Rule based and
apply the expression, Expression = $id=@atlas_featured, Click on Update Preview option to
apply changes.
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12. Add a new Label and Insert Expression: concat(‘Created on’,todate($now))

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13. The output may look as follows.

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Practical 10
Aim: Validating Map data
1. Open the Kenya_epiodemilogical_data file in Microsoft Office Excel, Open
Kenya_epiodemilogical_dict file in Microsoft Office Excel.

2. View > Freeze Panes > Freeze Top Rows.

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3. Select the child_id column. Home > Highlight Cells Rules > Duplicate Values, Data >
Remove Duplicates.

4. Replace M values with 1 and F values with 2. (select the sex column first)
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5. View the Scatter Chart for age. Select age column > Insert > Scatter, Graph appears as
follows.

6. Enable filters, age > filters > Number filters > Greater than > 20
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7. Insert > Pivot Table, Click on OK.

8. Drag and drop the following values and make the stool value as count instead of sum.
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9. Add a new Colum as check and input the formula. (Check the rows before entering
formula in your sheet)

10. To apply the formula to entire worksheet select all rows and columns, enter the formula
and press Enter. Save it as .csv.
11. Layer > Add Layer > Add Vector Layer, Choose the Kenya_admin.shp file.
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12. Layer > Add Layer > Add Delimited Text Layer, Choose Kenya_school_location.csv file
and set rest of the parameters as follows.

13. Try to make these separate layers as one as shown, Make the file as Kenya_schools.shp
and press OK.
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14. Vector > Data Management Tools > Join Attributes

15. Set the following parameters and Run.

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16. Change the Latitude values as follows in Kenya_schools_location.csv file

17. Create a Pivot table.

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18. Make the pivot table as shown with the following column as explained earlier, Copy only
the values of these columns to the data sheet. Remove the Total rows at the end. Save it
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19. Layer > Add Layer > Add Delimited Text Layer, Select Kenya_schools_locations2.csv file
and click Add button.

20. Layer > Add layer > Add Vector Layer, Add file Kenya_epiodemilogical_data1.csv file.
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21. Go to the properties of this layer, go in joins and press the add (+) button, Set the
following parameters and click OK.

22. Right click on that layer to view output and go to Open attributes table,
The output may look as follows