chloride is added . diluted with water and heated. Reddish brown tis obi confirmed, 8. To the salt add oxalic acid anda) Smell of vinega sence of little water and make a obtained. acetate is paste.Rub this with a glass rod. confirmed CATION ANALYSIS Original solution s prepared by dissolving the salt in water 9. ZEROGROUP(AMMONIUM ) No characteristic | Absence of Toa little of the salt sodium reaction ammonium hydroxide solution is added Salts. and heated 10 TGROUP (LEAD) Toa little of the original White precipitate | Presence of 1 solution dil. HCI is added. is formed group 1. CONFIRMATORY TEST To a little of the original ‘Yellow precipitate | Presence of Lead solution potassium chromate is formed, is confirmed solution is added. 16, To a little of the original ‘Yellow precipitate | Presence of Lead solution potassium iodide solution is added. The yellow ppt. is boiled with water and cooled. is formed Golden yellow spangles is obtained. is confirmed Result: The anion present in the given salt is acetate (CH3COO ~) and cation is Lead (Pb"?,) The salt is Lead Acetate.Experiment -2 ‘Aim: To analyze the given salt and identify the anion and cation present in it. S.NO | EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION | INFERENCE Preliminary Test lL COLOUR White Absence of The Colour of given copper, cobalt, salt is noted, iron, nickel, L manganese. 2 APPEARANCE Crystalline Absence of The appearance of the carbonate given salt is noted 3 SOLUBILITY IN WATER A little of the given salt is dissolved in distilled Soluble Absence of water in a test tube Carbonate 4. ODOUR ‘Smell of vinegar | May be of acetate salt. ANION ANALYSIS. 5. ACTION OF DIL.SULPHURIC ACID Toa little of the substance No characteristic | Absence of taken ina test tube a few reaction Carbonate , drops of dil. Sulphuric acid sulphite ,nitrite is added . and sulphide. 6. ‘ACTION OF ‘Acolourless gas | May be acetate. CONC.SULPHURIC ACID | smelling vinegar is To alittle of the substance evolved. taken ina test tube a few drops of cone. Sulphuric acid is added and warmed. 7, | Neutral ferric chloride test: To | A deep red Presence of the salt solution neutral ferric coloration. acetate isINORGANIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. EXPERIMENT SALT NO, 1 OBSERVATION INFERENCE Preliminary Exam Colour and appearance ofthe sali noted (Oddou of the salt snot. Preliminary test for all radical ‘Tous abate gen wal satan few drops of GHLHCl is sed Pass the gas evolved through lime water Res ‘Acid radical preset in the given sa Is Carbonate Asis of busi radical Group analysts SEEPRTOMTE given att solution few drops soda carbonate sohton is added ‘Tes for Ammonium, ‘To05 ml te gic sal soltion Few drops of soda hydroxide sostion is add! shaken wel nl noted the smell of the issuing za. Confirmatory test for ammonium, To the above solation fw dope of Nesler's reagent is ade. Colorless powder Smell of ammonia Brisk efervescence withthe evoltion of colourless odouress gas Lime-water turns milky No precipitate CColoules pungent seeing gas giving dese white fumes wth BIC evolved Chocolate coloured precipitate ‘Acid rca maybe Carbonate oF Sulphate [Absence of coloured cations like Cv Ni*, Co" Fe at Basic radical may be armonium (NHL*) Presence of carbonate (CO%") Presence of carbonate confirmed Prosenceof oro group. Base radical may he Ammonium «NH, Presence of ammonia, Presence of ammonium confirmed ‘Resale Base radia present he given sal fs Ammomu (Nt. Grand Result: The el (NEL).CO, en sal is Ammonium Crhonate Chemical Reactions involved: (HL),CO, +2 HEL + 2NHLCL+HLO+CO; CO; + CON), -+ CaCO, + 1.0 (NHL): COs +2 NUOH + Na:COs + INH +120 NH, + NILCI DKSMples NED +3 NUON + NHELATGOLHgE 43 Nal 64 RI4 2 BLO10 | Heat a pinch of salt with Conc, | No Characteristic gas Absence of NO; FSO) and a few copper turning Chromyl Chloride Test: 11 | Heated a pinch of the salt with | No Characteristic gas Absence of Cl solid KCr,0; along with Cone. iSO} 12 | "Take a pinch of salt add No Characteristic ppt Absence of PO. Cone,HNO; and boil. Add ammonium molybdate solution in excess and again boil Estex Test; 13 | Take a small pinch of the salt in] No Characteristic odour | Absence of CHyCOO’ a test-tube, Add few ml Conc H:SO; and heat. Now ethyl alcohol (1 ml), Shake, Pour the contents of the tube in a beaker full of water, Stir, Action of NaQH: 14 | Heated a pinch of salt with Can, } No Characteristic gas Absence of NH" NaoH CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ANION A pinch of salt dissolved in water. This is called water extract 1 (Barium chloride test): Toa | A white precipitate few ml af sodium carbonate — | insoluble in dil, HCl Presence of SO4* is confirmed extract add barium chlorice solution. 2. (Lead acetate test): To afew | A white precipitate ml of sodium carbonate insoluble in excess of hot | Presence of S04” is confirmed extract add lead acetate ammonium acetate solution, solution. ‘Take @ pinch of salt dissolves in few ml water, This is called Original solution ‘Identification of Group Analysis: To a few ml of the original solution | No white ppt Absence of Group I 1 | added dil.Hel To a few ml of the original solution‘added dil, HCl and passed HiS gas. No black ppt. ‘Absence of group IE ‘To a few ml of original solution added NH,Cl(aq) and NH,OH (aq) No characteristic ppt Absence of group Ill ‘fo a few ml of original solution added NHsCl{aq) and NH:OH (aq) and passed HS gas. No characteristic ppt Absence of group IV 5. | Toa few ml of original solution added NH,Cl(aq), NH\OH(aq) and | No white ppt Absence of group V (NH4,CO, solution. ‘To a few ml of original solution A crystalline white ppt Presence of group VI added NHjCl(aq), NHsOH(aq) and Mg") 6 NasHPOs CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR GROUP VI : (Mg*) 1] To afew mi of original solution added NaOH solution and Awhite ppt Presence of Mg” is warmed. confirmed 2 | To afew mi of orginal solution nitrophenylazo)resoreinol) 2 drops stirred and added NH,OH in drops. added Magneson reagent (4-(4- | Blue lake is obtained Presence of Mg” is confirmed ‘Result: The given simple salt contains Anion: so,’ Cation: Mg” The simple salt is: Mg(S0.)2DATE: Aim: suitable tes —SALT ANALYSIS- IV; BARIUM CHLORIDE To identify the pion and cation present in the given simple salt by performing Prel 2 arn ‘S.No | Experiment ‘observation Inference 1 | Colour: White May be Pb™, Ca abs, Sr’, Mg”, NHy 2 | Smell: No characteristic | May be absence of Take a pinch of salt between the smell NH,° or CH;COO™ fingers and rub it with a drop of water 3 | Dry heating test: Colourless, pungent | May be presence of Heat a pinch of salt ima dry test tube | smelling gas. and observe the change. 4 | Flame test: Apple green red May be Ba” Toa pinch of'salt in a wateh glass add | flame. few drops of cone, Hydrochloric aci and make a paste, Introduce this paste into the flame. 5 | Caustic soda test: Pungent smelling gas | Absence of NI Take a pinch of salt ina dry test tube, | is not evolved add sodium hydroxide solution and heat gently. Dip a glass rod in cone. Hydrochloric acid and introduce it into the test tube. 11 Identification of anion (Acid radical): 1 | Dilute Hydrochloric acid test: No Brisk Absence of COS lo the given salt add dilute effervescence Hydrochloric acid. 2 | Dilute Sulphuric acid test: No Brisk ‘COe may be absent ‘To the given salt add dilute Sulphuric | effervescence acid, 3 | Cone, Sulphuric acid test: Colour, pungent be presence of To the given salt add Cone. Sulphuric acid, Heat if required smelling gas is evolved which givesSystematic Procedure for Inorganic Qualitative Analysis Experiment Observations Inference Preliminary Tests Physical Examination Absence of L.Colour Colourless Cu Ni Fe" Fe", Co" Mn? 2.Apperance Crystalline May be CI, Br Nox ,I,CHsCOO except| NH4),Coy 3.Solubility: May be Cl’,Br,Nox,,CHsCOO Take a pinch of salt in.atest | Soluble sexcept ( NH4}.Cos. tube, add few ml of water. 4LAstion of Heat Take a small amount of the Gas evolution: given salt taken in a dry test Reddish brown Reddish brown vapours. tube, heat it gently; then vapour strongly. Flame Test: To a small amount of the given salt taken in a watch glass, add a drop of Con. HCl and make it into a paste. Introduce into non-luminous part of the flame using a charred match stick, No characteristic flame Absence of Cu®,Br,Sr**,Ca®* Ash Test: A pinch of the salt is mixed with Cone.HNO; and a few drops Co (NOs)2. A filter paper is dipped in the above mixture and ignited. Blue Ash Presence of Al Identification of Anions (Acid Radicals) Action of dilute H.SO.: To a small portion of the given salt taken in a test tube add 1 or 2m of dilute HoSQx No Characteristic gas is evolved, Absence of S*, CO;* Concentrated HoSO.Test. A pinch of the solic salt heated with Cone.H,SO Reddish brown vapour Presence of NOs Heat a pinch of the salt with a small quantity of MnO; and Cone. H,50, No Characteristic gas Absence of CI, Br *, I