DISCOVERING COMPUTERS 2018

Digital Technology, Data, and Devices

Chapter 2
Connecting and
Communicating
Online:
The Internet,
Website, and Media
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accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Objectives Overview (1 of 2)

• Discuss the evolution of the Internet

• Briefly describe various broadband Internet
connections
• Describe the purpose of an IP address and its
relationship to a domain name
• Describe features of browsers and identify the
components of a web address
• Describe ways to compose effective search text

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Objectives Overview (2 of 2)

• Explain benefits and risks of using online social

networks
• Describe uses of various types of websites
• Explain how the web uses graphics, animation,
audio, video, and virtual reality
• Explain how email, email lists, Internet messaging,
chat rooms, online discussions, VoIP, and FTP
work
• Identify the rules of netiquette

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 The Internet (1 of 3)
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks
that connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Figure 2-1 People around the world use the internet in daily activities, such as accessing
information, exchanging messages, and conversing with others from their computers and mobile
devices.

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 The Internet (2 of 3)

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1969 and had two main goals:
– Allow scientists at different physical locations to share
information and work together
– Function even if part of the network were disabled or
destroyed by a disaster

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 The Internet (3 of 3)

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 Connecting to the Internet (1 of 10)

• With wired connections, a computer or device

physically attaches via a cable or wire to a
communications device
• Computers without a communications device can
use a wireless modem or other communications
device that enables wireless connectivity

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Connecting to the Internet (2 of 10)

Figure 2-2 Using a modem is one way to connect computers and mobile devices to the Internet.

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 Connecting to the Internet (3 of 10)

• Wired
– Cable Internet service
– DSL (digital subscriber line)
– Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
• Wireless
– Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
– Mobile broadband
– Fixed wireless
– Satellite Internet Service

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 Connecting to the Internet (4 of 10)
• A hot spot is a wireless network that provides
Internet connections to mobile computers and
devices

Figure 2-3 You can create a mobile hot spot using a communications device
or by tethering a smartphone.

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 Connecting to the Internet (5 of 10)

• An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business

that provides individuals and organizations access
to the Internet free or for a fee
• Bandwidth is a measure of the capability of a
network to send and receive data
– Megabyte (MB)
– Gigabyte (GB)

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 Connecting to the Internet (6 of 10)

Figure 2-4 This figure shows how a home user’s request for eBay’s webpage
might travel the internet using cable Internet service.

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 Connecting to the Internet (7 of 10)

• An IP address is a sequence of numbers that

uniquely identifies the location of each computer or
device connected to the Internet or any other
network

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 Connecting to the Internet (7 of 10)

• A domain name is a text-based name that

corresponds to the IP address of a server
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address

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 Connecting to the Internet (8 of 10)

Figure 2-5 The IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, along with the domain name for
Google's website.

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 Connecting to the Internet (9 of 10)
Table 2-3 Popular TLDs
TLD Intended Purpose
.biz Businesses
.com Commercial organizations, businesses, and companies
.edu Educational institutions
.gov Government agencies
.mil Military organizations
.museum Museums and individual museum professionals
.name Individuals
.net Network providers or commercial companies
.org Nonprofit organizations
.pro Licensed professionals
.technology Technology information
.travel Entities whose primary area of activity is in the travel industry

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 Connecting to the Internet (10 of 10)

Figure 2-6 This figure show how a user’s entered domain name
(google.com) uses a DNS server to display a webpage (Google, in this case).

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 The World Wide Web (1 of 5)
• The World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of
a worldwide collection of electronic documents
(webpages)
• A website is a collection of related webpages and
associated items
• A web server is a computer that delivers requested
webpages to your computer or mobile device
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a set of
symbols that developers use to specify the
headings, paragraphs, images, links, and other
content elements that a webpage contains
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 The World Wide Web (2 of 5)

• A browser is an application that enables users with

an Internet connection to access and view
webpages on a computer or mobile device
– Internet-capable mobile devices such as smartphones
use a special type of browser, called a mobile browser
• A home page is the first page that a website
displays
• Current browsers typically support tabbed
browsing

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 Using the World Wide Web
Table 2-1 Popular Browsers (5 of 11)
Apple Safari Preinstalled on Apple computers and devices, Safari has been the default
browser for macOS since 2003 and is relatively new to Windows. The
browser has built-in sharing with online social networks, fast performance,
parental controls, and ease of use.
Google Chrome Google’s Chrome was first released in 2008. This free browser is available for
Windows, macOS, and Linux, and it must be downloaded and installed.
Chrome has independent tabbed browsing; if there is a problem is one tab,
the other tabs continue to function normally.
Microsoft Edge Edge is a Microsoft browser included in the Windows operating system. It is
the default browser for Windows on most devices and is not compatible with
prior versions of Windows. Features include integration with Cortana and
OneDrive, along with annotation and reading.

Mozilla Firefox Developed by the Mozilla Corporation for Windows, macOS, and Linux, Firefox
is known for its extensive array of plug-ins (discussed later in the module).
This free browser was first released in 2004 and must be downloaded and
installed. It has enhanced privacy and security features, a spelling checker,
tabbed browsing, and a password manager.

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20
 The World Wide Web (3 of 5)

Figure 2-7 Many websites, such as the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention shown here, provide a mobile version that is designed specifically
for display on a mobile browser.

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 The World Wide Web (4 of 5)
• A webpage has a unique address, called a web
address or URL

Figure 2-8 After entering http://www.nps.gov/history/preserve-places.htm

in the address bar and then pressing the ENTER key or clicking the
Search, Go, or similar button in a browser, the U.S. Department of the
Interior National Park Service home page shown here is displayed.
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 Using the World Wide Web
(8 of 11)
Figure 2-6 Parts of a URL

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Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
23
 The World Wide Web (5 of 5)
• A web app is an application stored on a web server that
you access through a browser
– Web apps usually store users’ data and information on their
hosts’ servers

Figure 2-9 Web and mobile apps often work together, enabling you to
access your content from a variety of computers and devices.

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Types of Websites (1 of 8)

• A web search engine is software that finds

websites, webpages, images, videos, news, maps,
and other information related to a specific topic
• A subject directory classifies webpages in an
organized set of categories, such as sports or
shopping, and related subcategories

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 Types of Websites (2 of 8)

Operator Description Examples Explanation

Display search results
art + music art Results have both words, art
Space or + that include specific
music and music, in any order
words.

dog OR
Results have either the word,
puppy
Display search results dog, or the word, Puppy.
OR that include only one Results have the word, dog, or
dog OR
word from a list. the word, puppy, or the word,
puppy OR
canine.
canine

Combine search results

Kalamazoo Results include both words,
that include specific
Michigan Kalamazoo Michigan, and either
() words with those that
(pizza OR the word, pizza, or the word,
include only one word
subs) subs.
from a list.

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 Types of Websites (3 of 8)

Operator Description Examples Explanation

Exclude a Results include the word,

automobile-
_ word from automobile, but do not include the
convertible
search results. word, convertible.

Search for an
"19th century Results include the exact phrase,
“” exact phrase in
literature" 19th century literature.
a certain order.

Substitute
Results include any word that
characters in
* writer* begins with the text, writer (e.g.,
place of the
writer, writers, writer's)
asterisk.

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 Types of Websites (4 of 8)

• There are several types of websites

– Search engine
– Online social network
– Informational and research
– Media sharing
– Bookmarking
– News, weather, sports, and other mass media

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 Types of Websites (5 of 8)

• Educational
• Business, governmental, and organizational
• Blogs
• Wiki and collaboration
• Health and fitness
• Science

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 Types of Websites (6 of 8)

• Entertainment
• Banking and finance
• Travel and tourism
• Mapping
• Retail and auctions

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Various Online Activities and Services (5 of 6)
• Online banking and online trading
enable users to access their financial
records from anywhere in the world,
provided they have an Internet
connection.

Figure 2-18 You can manage your bank

account, make transfers, and more
with banking websites, such as Bank of
America.

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Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
31
 Types of Websites (7 of 8)

• Careers and employment

• E-commerce
• Portals
• Content aggregation
• Website creation and management

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 Types of Websites (8 of 8)
• Web publishing is the creation and maintenance
of websites

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 Various Online Activities and Services (6 of 6)

Pros and cons of using web apps.

Pros Cons
Access web apps from any device with a User must be online to use web apps
browser and Internet connection
Collaborate with others, no matter their Files are more vulnerable to security and
location privacy threats
Store your work on the app’s website so If the web app provider has technical
you can access it anytime and anywhere problems, you may be unable to access
your work
Save storage space on your device If the web app provider goes out of
business, you can lose your files
Access the latest version of the app Web apps often offer fewer features and
without installing updates may run slower than installed apps

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Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
34
 Digital Media on the Web (1 of 7)
• Multimedia refers to any application that combines
text with media
– Graphics
– Animation
– Audio
– Video
– Virtual Reality

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 Digital Media on the Web (2 of 8)

• A graphic is a visual representation of nontext

information
• Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Digital Media on the Web (3 of 8)

Figure 2-22 Many webpages use colorful graphics to convey messages. For
example, the variety of colors, images, shapes, and thumbnails on the San
Diego Zoo webpage visually separate and draw attention to areas of the
webpage, making the webpage more dynamic and enticing.

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 Digital Media on the Web (4 of 8)
• An infographic is a visual representation of data
and information, designed to communicate
quickly, simplify complex concepts, or present
patterns or trends

Figure 2-23 An infographic presents complex concepts at a glance.

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 Digital Media on the Web (6 of 11)
• Animation is the appearance of motion created by
displaying a series of still images in sequence

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 Digital Media on the Web (7 of 11)

• Audio includes music, speech, or any other

sound
– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a
media player

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 Digital Media on the Web (8 of 11)

Figure 2-24 Windows Media Player is a popular media player, through which
you can listen to music and watch video.

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 Digital Media on the Web (9 of 11)

• Video consists of images displayed in motion

• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to
simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space

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 Digital Media on the Web (10 of 11)

Figure 2-25 Users can explore a VR world using a touch screen or their input
device. For example, users can explore the inside of the Gemini 7 space
capsule, located at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Washington,
D.C., from their computer or mobile device.

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 Digital Media on the Web (11 of 11)

• A plug-in, or add-on, is a program that extends the

capability of a browser

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 Other Internet Services (1 of 11)

• Email is the transmission of messages and files via

a computer network
• An email program allows you to create, send,
receive, forward, store, print, and delete email
messages

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Other Internet Services (2 of 11)

Figure 2-26 This figure shows how an email message may travel from a
sender to a receiver.

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 Other Internet Services (3 of 11)
• An email list is a group of email addresses used
for mass distribution of a message

Figure 2-27 When you subscribe to a mailing list, you and all others in the list
receive messages from the website. Shown here is a user who receives
newsletters and alerts from FoxNews .com.

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 Other Internet Services (4 of 11)

• Internet messaging services, which often occur in

real-time, are communications services that notify
you when one or more of your established contacts
are online and then allows you to exchange
messages or files or join a private chat room with
them

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 Other Internet Services (5 of 11)

Figure 2-28 With Internet messaging services, you and the person(s) with whom
you are conversing are online at the same time. The conversation appears on all
parties' screens at the same time. Shown here is Facebook messenger.

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 Using Social Networks (4 of 6)
Types of social networks.
Type Lets You Includes Examples
Social Share ideas, opinions, Personal and business Facebook, LinkedIn,
networking photos, videos, websites networking, chat, video Instagram, Snapchat,
chat and Microsoft Skype, Google
videoconferencing, instant Hangouts
messaging, online dating,
social memorials
Blogging and Create and update an Personal journals, expert Twitter, Blogger, WordPress,
microblogging online journal that you advice, information on Tumblr, Pinterest
will share with readers special areas of Interest
Media sharing View and distribute Photo and video sharing, YouTube, Break, Dailymotion,
and pictures, videos, and podcasting, news sites, Flickr, Photobucket, Picasa
content sharing audio files online learning, distance
learning

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Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
50
 Using Social Networks (5 of 6)
Types of social networks. (Continued)
Type Lets You Includes Examples
Collaborative Read, add, and Online encyclopedias, Wikipedia,
projects discuss articles forums, wikis, WikiAnswers, Wikia
about topics of message boards, and
interest news groups
Social curation, Tag (mark) and Tagging; knowledge Delicious, Reddit,
bookmarking, and search management Digg
social news websites; share
websites,
articles, news
stories, and media
File sharing Send and receive Free or paid access Egnyte, ShareFile,
files from others on to file storage Hightail, Dropbox,
an Internet location locations on the WeTransfer
Internet

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Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
51
 Using Social Networks (6 of 6)

• Privacy and Security Risks with Online Social Networks

• Follow the tips to help protect yourself against thieves who are following the
network traffic and attempting to invade private facets of your life.
• Register with caution
• Manage your profile
• Choose friends carefully
• Limit friends
• Divulge only relevant information
• Be leery of urgent requests for help

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Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
52
 Other Internet Services (6 of 11)

• A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes

place on a computer or mobile device with many
other online users
• A chat room is a website or application that
permits users to chat with others who are online at
the same time

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 Other Internet Services (7 of 11)

Figure 2-29 As you type, others in the same chat room see what you have typed.

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 Other Internet Services (8 of 11)

• An online discussion is an online area in which

users have written discussions about a particular
subject

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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 Other Internet Services (9 of 11)

Figure 2-30 Users in an line discussion read and reply to other user’s
messages.

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 Other Internet Services (10 of 11)
VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other
users via their Internet connection

Source: Microsoft

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 Other Internet Services (11 of 11)

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

that permits file uploading and downloading to and
from other computers on the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that allows users to
upload and/or download files using FTP

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 Netiquette
• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet
behavior users should follow while on the
Internet

Figure 2-31 Some of the rules of netiquette, with respect to online communications.
Source: Microsoft
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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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 Using Online Content Responsibly and Ethically
(1 of 3)
• On the Internet, anyone can publish anything to a website, a blog, or a
social media site, regardless of whether the information is true.
• One way to evaluate a web page is to use the CARS checklist and
determine whether the online information is credible, accurate,
reasonable, and supportable.
• A citation is a formal reference to a source, such as a published
work.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
61
 Using Online Content Responsibly and Ethically
(2 of 3)

• If you copy a photo from the Internet and use it in a report, you might
be violating the photographer’s intellectual property rights, which are
legal rights protecting those who create works such as photos, art,
writing, inventions, and music.
• Some online resources, such as e-books, newspapers, magazines, and
journals, are protected by digital rights management (DRM), which is
a collection of technologies used by software publishers and trade
groups to fight software piracy (theft) and prevent unauthorized
copying of digital content; these include authentication, certificates of
authenticity, encryption, and digital watermarks.

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Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
62
Using Online Content Responsibly and Ethically
(3 of 3)

• A public domain means it is not

subject to copyright.
• Creative Commons is a nonprofit
organization that helps content
creators keep the copyright to
their materials while allowing
others to use, copy, or distribute
their work.

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Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
63
 Summary

• Evolution of the Internet

• The web
• Various types of websites and media
• Other services available on the Internet
• Netiquette

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