John Sulston

Sir John Edward Sulston CH FRS MAE (27 March

Sir
1942 – 6 March 2018[11][12]) was a British biologist
and academic who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology John Sulston
CH FRS MAE
or Medicine for his work on the cell lineage and
genome of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans in 2002
with his colleagues Sydney Brenner and Robert
Horvitz at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular
Biology.[13] He was a leader in human genome
research and Chair of the Institute for Science, Ethics
and Innovation at the University of
[14][15][16]
Manchester. Sulston was in favour of science
in the public interest, such as free public access of
scientific information and against the patenting of
genes and the privatisation of genetic technologies.[17]

Early life and education

Sulston was born in Fulmer, Buckinghamshire,
England[18] to Arthur Edward Aubrey Sulston and Sulston in 2008
Josephine Muriel Frearson, née Blocksidge.[5][19] His
Born John Edward Sulston
father was an Anglican priest and administrator of the
27 March 1942[5]
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. His mother
Fulmer, Buckinghamshire,
quit her job as an English teacher at Watford Grammar
England
School, to care for him and his sister Madeleine.[20]
and home-tutored them until he was five. At age five Died 6 March 2018 (aged 75)
he entered the local preparatory school, York House Education Merchant Taylors' School,
School, where he soon developed an aversion to Northwood
games. He developed an early interest in science, Alma mater University of Cambridge (BA,
having fun with dissecting animals and sectioning PhD)
plants to observe their structure and function.[4] Known for Genome sequencing of
Sulston won a scholarship to Merchant Taylors' Caenorhabditis elegans and
School, Northwood[5] and then to Pembroke College, humans[6][7][8][9]
Cambridge graduating in 1963 with a Bachelor of Sulston score[10]
Arts[5] degree in Natural Sciences (Chemistry). He Apoptosis
joined the Department of Chemistry, University of
Spouse Daphne Edith Bate ​(m. 1966)​[5]
Children 1 son, 1 daughter[5]
Awards W. Alden Spencer Award (1986)
Darwin Medal (1996)[1]
Cambridge, after being interviewed by Alexander Beadle Award (2000)[2]
Todd[4][21] and was awarded his PhD in 1966 for Knight Bachelor (2001)
research in nucleotide chemistry.[3] Edinburgh Medal (2001)
Physiological Society Annual
Review Prize Lecture (2002)
Career
Nobel prize (2002)
Between 1966 and 1969 he worked as a postdoctoral Gairdner Award (2002)
researcher at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in Scientific career
La Jolla, California.[19] His academic advisor Colin
Fields Chemistry
Reese[3][4] had arranged for him to work with Leslie
Orgel, who would turn his scientific career onto a Molecular biology
different pathway. Orgel introduced him to Francis Institutions Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Crick and Sydney Brenner, who worked in Cambridge. University of Cambridge
He became inclined to biological research.[20]
Salk Institute
Although Orgel wanted Sulston to remain with him, Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Sydney Brenner persuaded Sulston to return to University of Manchester
Cambridge to work on the neurobiology of
Thesis Aspects of oligoribonucleotide
Caenorhabditis elegans at the Medical Research
synthesis (https://ethos.bl.uk/Ord
Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology
erDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648
(LMB). Sulston soon produced the complete map of
083) (1966)
the worm's neurons.[22] He continued work on its DNA
Doctoral Colin Reese[3][4]
and subsequently the whole genome sequencing. In
advisor
1998, the whole genome sequence was published in
collaboration with the Genome Institute at Washington Website sanger.ac.uk/people/faculty
University in St. Louis,[23] [24] so that C. elegans /honorary-faculty/john-sulston (htt
became the first animal to have its complete genome p://sanger.ac.uk/people/faculty/ho
sequenced.[25] norary-faculty/john-sulston)

Sulston played a central role in both the C. elegans[7] and human genome[26] sequencing projects. He had
argued successfully for the sequencing of C. elegans to show that large-scale genome sequencing projects
were feasible. As sequencing of the worm genome proceeded, the Human Genome Project began. At this
point he was made director of the newly established Sanger Centre (named after Fred Sanger[27]), located
in Cambridgeshire, England.

In 2000, after the 'working draft' of the human genome sequence was completed, Sulston retired from
directing the Sanger Centre. With Georgina Ferry, he narrated his research career leading to the human
genome sequence in The Common Thread: A Story of Science, Politics, Ethics, and the Human Genome
(2002).[28]

Awards and honours

Sulston was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1986.[1] His certificate of election reads:
 John Sulston is distinguished for his work on the molecular and developmental genetics of
Caenorhabditis elegans. His initial research was in the field of chemical synthesis of
oligonucleotides. Sulston began his work on C. elegans in 1974 characterising its DNA. Since
then he has carried out a wide range of genetical and developmental studies on the nematode
but his major research has been on the developmental lineage and mutations that affect it. In a
series of studies, culminating in a paper published in 1983, Sulston has analysed and described
the total cell lineage of the nematode making it the first organism for which the origin of every
cell is exactly known. This work is the basis for the study of mutations affecting lineages and is
the foundation on which detailed studies of development in this organism will be based. Sulston
has now turned his attention to an analysis of the genome of C. elegans and was constructing a
total physical map using a novel method of analysing cloned DNA fragments.[29]

He was elected an EMBO Member in 1989[30] and awarded the George W. Beadle Award in 2000.[2] In
2001 Sulston gave the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures on The Secrets of Life. In 2002, he won the
Dan David Prize and the Robert Burns Humanitarian Award. Later, he shared the Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine[31] with Sydney Brenner and Robert Horvitz, both of whom he had collaborated
with at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB), for their discoveries concerning 'genetic
regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'.

One of Sulston's most important contributions during his research years at the LMB was to elucidate the
precise order in which cells in C. elegans divide. In fact, he and his team succeeded in tracing the
nematode's entire embryonic cell lineage.[8]

In 2004, Sulston received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[32] In
2006, he was awarded the George Dawson Prize in Genetics by Trinity College Dublin.[33] In 2013,
Sulston was awarded the Royal Society of New Zealand's Rutherford Memorial Lecture, which he gave
on the subject of population pressure.[34]

He was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2017 Birthday
Honours for services to science and society.[35]

On 23 October 2017 he was awarded the Cambridge Chemistry Alumni Medal.[36]

Sulston was a leading campaigner against the patenting of human genetic information.

Personal life
John Sulston met Daphne Bate, a research assistant in Cambridge.[18] They got married in 1966[18] just
before they left for US for postdoctoral research. Together they had two children. Their first child, Ingrid,
was born in La Jolla in 1967, and their second, Adrian, later in England.[37] The couple lived in
Stapleford, Cambridgeshire where they were active members of the local community: John regularly
volunteered in the local library and in working parties at Magog Down; he was a Trustee of Cambridge
Past, Present and Future.[38]
Although brought up
in a Christian family,
Sulston lost his faith
during his student
life at Cambridge,
and remained an
atheist.[4][19] He was
a distinguished The Sulston Laboratories of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute are named in
supporter of Sulston's honour.
[39]
Humanists UK. In
2003 he was one of
22 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[40]

Sulston was in favour of free public access of scientific information. He wanted genome information
freely available, and he described as "totally immoral and disgusting" the idea of profiteering from such
research. He also wanted to change patent law, and argued that restrictions on drugs such as the anti-viral
drug Tamiflu by Roche are a hindrance to patients whose lives are dependent on them.[19]

In December 2010, Sulston backed Julian Assange by acting as a bail surety for him, according to
Assange's attorney Mark Stephens.[41] Sulston forfeited £15,000 of the £20,000 pledged in June 2012, as
Assange had entered the embassy of Ecuador to escape the jurisdiction of the English courts.[42][43]

Sulston died on 6 March 2018 of stomach cancer, aged 75 years.[17]

References
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2. Kimble, J. (2001). "The 2000 George W. Beadle Medal. John Sulston and Robert
Waterston" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1461515). Genetics. 157 (2):
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External links
Freeview Video of Fredrick Sanger in conversation with John Sulston by the Vega Science
Trust (http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/18)
John Sulston profile from the Medical Research Council lab for Molecular Biology (https://ar
chive.today/20040118104822/http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/archive/Sulston02.html)
John Sulston interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 16 September 2008 (video) (https://www.sms.
cam.ac.uk/media/1131145)
John E. Sulston (https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/752) on Nobelprize.org
The public servant: John Sulston (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/sci_tech/2000/human
_genome/753685.stm)
British Scientists share 2002 Nobel Prize (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2305733.stm)
 John Sulston: One man and his worm (https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,3604,80711
0,00.html) from The Guardian
John Sulston profile (https://sites.google.com/site/staplefordonline/village-people) on the
Stapleford Cambridge website where he lives

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