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Congruent Triangles

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37 views11 pages

Congruent Triangles

Uploaded by

ENGINEER SHAHID LODhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Congruent Triangles

The word ‘congruent’ is used to describe objects that have the same
shape or dimension. Congruence is the term used to define an
object and its mirror image. Two or more objects are said to be
congruent if they superimpose on each other or in other words they
are of same shape and size. This property of being congruent is
called congruency.

What are Congruent Triangles


Congruent triangles are triangles having all three sides of exactly
the same length and all three angles of exactly the same measure.
Thus, congruent triangles are mirror image of each other. On the
other hand, triangles that are not congruent are called non-
congruent triangles. In triangles, the abbreviation CPCT –
Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles is used to show
congruency.

which is mathematically represented as ΔABC ≅ ΔEFG. Their


Shown below are two triangles, ΔABC and ΔEFG that are congruent,

corresponding parts are shown below.

Congruent Triangles
Corresponding Vertices A and E, B and
F, C and G

AB ≅ EF, BC ≅
FG, AC ≅ EG
Corresponding Sides

∠A ≅ ∠E, ∠B ≅
∠F, ∠C ≅ ∠G
Corresponding Angles

Thus, the corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent.

Con
gruent vs Non Congruent Triangles
Properties
Triangles can become congruent through flip (reflection), turn
(rotation), or side-wise movement (translation) as shown below. It
means, one triangle can be congruent to the other although their
equal sides and angles are not in the same position.

Properties of Congruent Triangles Reflection Rotation Translation

1) Reflexive Property
It states that the mirror image of any triangle is always congruent to
it.

2) Symmetric Property
It states that the congruence works in both frontward and backward
directions such that a triangle formed by rotation is always
congruent to the other.

3) Transitive Property

It states that if two triangles are congruent to a third triangle, they


are also congruent to each other.

Proving Triangles Congruency:


Rules & Theorems
Triangle congruence is a set of rules or measures used to prove if
two or more triangles are congruent. The five ways of identifying
congruent triangles are shown below.
Proving

Triangles Congruence Rules Theorems

1) Side–Side-Side (SSS) Theorem


It states that if three sides of one triangle are congruent to three
sides of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

2) Side–Angle–Side (SAS) Theorem


It states that if two sides and the included angle of one triangle are
congruent to two sides and included angle of another triangle, then
the two triangles are congruent.

3) Angle–Side–Angle (ASA) Theorem


It states that if two angles and the included side of one triangle are
congruent to two angles and included side of another triangle, then
the two triangles are congruent.

4) Angle–Angle–Side (AAS) Theorem


It states that if two angles and a non-included side of one triangle
are congruent to two angles and a non-included side of another
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

5) Hypotenuse-Leg (HL) Rule of a Right Angle


Theorem
It states that if the hypotenuse and one leg of a right triangle are
congruent to the hypotenuse and one leg of another right triangle,
then the two triangles are congruent.

Theorems Not Applicable to Prove Triangles


Congruency
AAA Rule: If all the corresponding angles of a triangle are
congruent with the corresponding angles of another triangle, the
triangles will be of the same shape but not necessarily of the same
size. Thus, they will not be congruent.
SSA Rule: If two corresponding sides and an angle are congruent,
the said triangles may not be congruent as there are two different
shapes possible for the triangle.
Congruent vs Similar Triangles
As we know, congruent triangles are triangles having the same
shape and the same size. Mathematically, triangles with same side
length and angle measure are called congruent triangles. In
contrast, triangles having same shape but of different size are called
similar triangles.
Co
ngruent vs Similar Triangles

Thus, all congruent triangles are similar but all similar triangles are
not congruent.

Solved Examples
By
what method would each of the given triangles be
proven congruent?

Solution:

(a) None, as there is no SSA method, (b) HL, (c) SAS, (d) None, as
there is no AAA method, (e) SAS, and (f) SSS, the third pair of
congruent sides is shared by the two triangles.
Which of the following pairs of triangles can be proven
congruent by SAS?

Solution:

(c), as BC ≅ PR, ∠ACB ≅ ∠QPR, and AC ≅ PQ


Which of the following pairs of triangles are congruent
by ASA?

Solution:

(c), as∠OAB ≅ ∠ODC (given), AB ≅ CD (given), and ∠AOB ≅ ∠COD


(vertically opposite angles).

FAQs
Q1. What triangle has no congruent sides?
Ans. Scalene triangle.
Q2. What triangle has three congruent sides?
Ans. Equilateral triangle.
Q3. What triangle has two congruent sides?
Ans. Isosceles triangle.
Q4. What is a triangle with at least two congruent sides called?
Ans. Isosceles triangle.
Q5. What is a triangle with one right angle and no congruent sides
called?
Ans. Right scalene triangle.
Q6. What is a triangle with three acute angles and three congruent
sides called?
Ans. Equilateral triangle.
Q7.Which rigid motion verifies the triangles are congruent by SAS?
Ans. Reflection.
Q8. Are all equilateral triangles congruent?
Ans. Since each angle in an equilateral triangle measures 60° and
all sides are of the same length, all equilateral triangles are
congruent.
Q9. Are all right triangles congruent?
Ans. No, right triangles are congruent if both the hypotenuse and
one leg are of the same length.
Q10. How many congruent sides does an equilateral triangle have?
Ans. Equilateral triangles have three congruent sides.
Q11. What is a triangle with three acute angles and no congruent
sides?
Ans. Acute scalene triangle.

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