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    2 views4 pages

    experiment2

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    PRACTICAL BOOK

    ELECTRONICS

    Name: Muneeb Khan

    Roll No: 0656-BS-ELEC-24

    Semester: 1st

    Department : Electronics

    Submitted To: Mr Shahzad & Miss Alina

    Experiment # 02
    Verification of Ohm’s Law by keeping Voltage constant and by keeping Resistance constant
    Theory:
    Ohm’s Law states that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to
    the voltage across the two points, provided the temperature and physical conditions remain constant. The
    mathematical form of Ohm's law is:
    V=IR
    Where:
     V is the voltage (volts),
     I is the current (amperes),
     R is the resistance (ohms).
    For this experiment, voltage V will be kept constant, and the resistance R will be varied. According to Ohm’s
    Law, if the resistance is increased, the current should decrease, and if the resistance is decreased, the current
    should increase.

    Apparatus:
    1. Voltmeter
    2. Ammeter
    3. Rheostat (variable resistor)
    4. Resistors of known values
    5. Power supply
    6. Connecting wires
    7. Switch
    8. Breadboard (optional)

    Circuit Diagram:
    The circuit diagram is set up as follows:
     A power supply is connected in series with a rheostat, an ammeter, and a resistor.
     The voltmeter is connected in parallel across the resistor to measure the voltage.

    Procedure:
    1. Set up the circuit as shown in the diagram.
    2. Keep the voltage constant using the power supply.
    3. Set the rheostat to different values to vary the resistance.
    4. Record the corresponding current from the ammeter for each change in resistance.
    5. Repeat the experiment for multiple resistance values and note down the current for each setting.

    Observation Table:
    S. No. Voltage (V) Resistance (R) (Ω) Current (I) (A)
    1 5V 100 Ω 0.05 A
    2 5V 200 Ω 0.025 A
    3 5V 300 Ω 0.0167 A
    4 5V 400 Ω 0.0125 A
    5 5V 500 Ω 0.01 A
    Conclusion:
    From the observations, we can see that as the resistance increases, the current decreases, confirming that the
    current is inversely proportional to resistance when voltage is kept constant. This verifies Ohm’s Law.
    Questions:
    1. What happens to the current when the resistance is doubled while the voltage is constant?
    • Answer: If the resistance is doubled, the current should be halved, according to the equation I=V/R
    2. How does Ohm's Law behave for non-ohmic materials?
    • Answer: Ohm’s Law may not hold for non-ohmic materials, where the current does not change linearly
    with resistance or voltage (e.g., semiconductors or diodes). These materials show a nonlinear relationship
    between I and V.
    1. What is the purpose of keeping the voltage constant in this experiment?
    • Answer: Keeping the voltage constant helps to isolate the relationship between current and resistance.
    This way, we can verify that the current changes inversely with resistance, as expected from Ohm’s Law

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