Linear Equation Part 1

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EXERCISE 3.

2
Calte the following systems of equations graphically:
1. *+y =3 2. x-21 =5
2x +5y 12 2x+3y = 10

+1 0 4. 2x+y - 3 = 0
3. 3x +y
0 2x 3 7 = 0
2r 3y + 8
5. X+y= 6 6. * -2y =6
X-y 2 3x-6y =0
= 4 8. 2x +3y = 4
7. X+y
2-3y =3 X-y +3
=
0

0
92x-3y + 13
= 0 10 2x+3y +5
3x 2 y 1 2 = 0 ICBSE 2001C]
3 2y + 12 0 ICBSE 2001C]
solutions:
graplhically that each one of the following systems ofequations has infinitely many
Show
112r+ 3y 6
=
ICBSE2010] 12. x 2y 5 -

3x -6y = 15
4x +6y = 12

r-2y +11 0 14.


=

13. 3x+y =8
6r +2y = 16 3x-6y + 33 =0
is in-consistent (i.e. has no

that each one of the following systems of equations


Show graphically
solution) 16. X-2y 6
15. 3x-5y = 20 3x-6y = 0
6r- 10y = -40
183x-4y-1 0 =

17. 2y-r = 9 8
0
6y 3x = 21 2 x y +5 =

of whose sides a r e given


the vertices of the triangle, the equations
19Determine graphically
below: 1
2x
=14 and y
-
=

=8, 5y x
-

) 2y- x

3y 10
0 and 3x
=
+
(11) y
=
*, y
=
4x- 2y = 5 is
of equations x - 2y =
2,
whether the system
2Determine, graphically
Consistent o r in-consistent.
linear equations has a
whether the following system of
21. Determine, by drawing graphs,
or not:
uniquesolution (2y =
4x - 6, 2x =
y+3
=l
) 2x 3y 6, x = + y Also find the
systems of linear equations.
of the following
22 Solve graphically each meet axis of y.
where the lines
Coordinates of the points (i3x+2y 12
ICBSE 2006C]
i 2x 5y + 4 =0, [CBSE 2005]
5x-2y = 4
2x+y-8 0
(iv) x +2y-7 =0, ICBSE 2000C]
2x+y -

11 =
0, 2r-y-4 = 0
1 =0 ICBSE2000C]
X-y
3.30 (vi) 2 x - y - 5
=0, [CBSE 2002C]
X-y-3 = 0
5 0, equations of
triangle, the
=

y- ICBSE 2002C]
(v) 3x+ 0 vertices of a
5 =
of the
2r-y the
coordinates

Determine
graphically ICBSE 2000]
23.
whose sides are:

= 2x and y + x =6 ICBSE 2000]


(i) y
=
X, y the region
= 8 and shade
*, r+y graphically
y = x, 3y
=

(i) linear equations


of
Solve the following system
24. -axis:
between the two
lines and
3x + 2y
-

4 =
0,
ICBSE 2001] (i) 2x-3y-7 = 0 [CBSE 2006C]
(i) 2x+3y =12,
- y = 1|
0 ICBSE 2006C]
2y -11
=

(ii) 3r +

0
2x 3y + 10
=

on the s a m e graph paper:


of the following equations
Draw the graphs
2x+3y =12
and
- y = 1.
vertices of the triangle
formed by the two straightlines
Find the coordinates of the ICBSE 2001]
the y-axis. coordinates of the
0 and 3x + 2y 12 0. Determine the - =

26. Draw the graphs of x y + 1


=

the triangular area.


-

these lines and x- axis and shade


vertices of the triangle formed by ICBSE 2002]
these lines and x-axis.
Calculate the
area bounded by
linear quations:
27. Solve graphically the system of
4x - 3y + 4 = 0

4x+3y 20 = 0
ICBSE 2002]
Find the area bounded by these lines and x-axis.
28. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically:
3x + y - 1 l = 0, x -y-1=0.
Shade the region bounded by these lines and y -axis. Also, find the area ofthe region
bounded by the these lines and y-axis. ICBSE 2002C)
29. Solve graphically each of the following systems of linear equations. Also, find the
coordinates of the points where the lines meet the axis of x in each system
i) 2x +y =6 (i) 2x-y 2
x - 2y = -2
4x-y = 8

(ii) x + 2y = 5 (iv) 2x + 3y 8
2x-3y = -4
ICBSE 2005] x-2y=-3 ICBSE 2005]
30. Draw the graphs of the following equations:
2x 3 y + 6 = 0

2x+3y 18 = 0
y-2 0
Find the vertices of the triangle so obtained.
Also, find the area of the
31, Solve the following system of equations
graphically: triangle.
2x 3y +6 =0
2x+3y- 18 0 =

find the area of the region bounded by these two


lines and v-axis.
PAIROF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWOVARIABLES 3.31

32. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically


4X - 5y 2 0 = 0

3x+ 5y 15 = 0
Determine the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines representing the above
equation and the y-axis.
ICBSE 2004]
33. Draw the graphs of the equations 5x
y -y 3. Determine the the
= 5 and 3x
ordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and y-axis. Calculate co
=

area of the triangle so formed. INCERT


34. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solution
graphically:
) 10 students of class X took part in Mathematics quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than
the number find the number of boys and girls who took part in the quiz. INCERTJ
of boys,
(i) 5 pencils and 7 pens
together cost Rs 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost
Rs 46. Find the cost of one
pencil and a pen. [NCERT
(ii)Champa wentto a 'sale' to purchase some pants and skirts. When her friends asked her
how many of each she had bought, she answered, "The number of skirts is two less than
twice the number of pants purchased. Also, the number of skirts is four less than four
times the number of pants purchased." Help her friends to find how many pants and
skirts Champa bought. [NCERT1
35. Solve the following system of equations graphicaly:
Shade the region between the lines and the y-axis
(i) 3x-4y = 7 (i) 4x y = 4

5x+2y =3 ICBSE 2006C] 3x +2y =


14 ICBSE 20o6C]
36. Represent the following pair of equations graphically and write the coordinates of
points where the lines intersects y-axis
X+3y =6
2x 3y 12 ICBSE 200s]
37. Given the linear equation 2x +3y - 8 = 0, write another linear equation in two
variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is
(i) intersecting lines (ii) Parallel lines (ii) coincident lines INCERT
ANSWERSs
1. X = 1, y =2 2. x = 5, y = 0 3. *= -1, y = 2
4 . x = 2,y = -1 5. x = 4, y = 2 6. No solution
7. x 3, y = 1 8. X = -1, y = 2 9. =-2, y = 3
10. x = 2, y = -3 19. (i)-4, 2)(1,3), (2, 5) (i)(0,0) (10/3, 0), (5/3, 5/3)
20. Consistent
21. (i) Unique solution (ii) Infinitely many solutions.
22. i ) r = 3, y = 2; (0,4/5), (0, 8) (i) * = 2, y = 3; (0, 6) and (0, -2)
fiv) * = 3, y = 2, (0, 3.5), (0, -4)
ii) x =
4, y =3;(0, 11) and (0,-1)
v)x = 2, y = -1, (0, 5) (0, -5) (vi) x = 2, y = -1, (0,-5), (0,-3)

23. () A (0,0), B (2,4), C(3,3) (ii) A (0,0), B (4, 4)C (6, 2)


24. () r 3, y =2 (ii) x 2, y
= = =
-1 (iii) x =
1, y =
4
25x=3, y = 2, A (0, 4), B (0, -1 ) ,C(3,2)

26. 7.5 sq. units 27. x = 2,y = 4,12 sq. units


MATHEMATICS-X
3.32

28. x =
3, y 2, 18 sq. units
=

29. (i)x 2,y 2,(3,


=

0)(-2,0)
=

ii) x 1, y 2, (5, 0),


= =
(ii)x =3,y 4,(1, 0), (2, 0)
=

(-2, 0) 0)
30. (3, 4), (0, 2), (6, 2), Area 6 =1, y 2,(4, 0), (-3,
=

31.
=
sq. units.
* =
3, y =4, Area 6 sq. units
=

32. x =
5, y 0; (5, 0) (0, 3) (0, 4).
=
-

33. (1,0), (0, -3), (0, 5), and 1 sq. unit.


-

34. (i) Girls 7, Boys 3 (ii) Pencil: Rs


=

3, Pen: Rs 5 (ii) Pant =1,Skirt 0.


=

35. (i) x =1, y =-1. (ii) x =2,


y=
4 36. (0, 2), (0, -4)
37. (i) 3x +2y 6 =0 (ii) 4x +
61y 15 (ii) 4x +6y 16
=
=
EXERCISE 3.5
ht each of tlhe following systems of equations determine wlether the
solution or ininitely many solutions. In case there is a system has a unique solution, no
unique solution,find it:(1-4)
1. -3y =
3 K 2. 2x+y = 5
3x-9y = 2
4x+2y = 10
3. 3x - 5y = 20
4. x -2y = 8
6x- 10y =40 5x-10y = 10
Find the value of k for which the following systen ofequations has a unique solution: (5-8)
5. kx + 2y =5 6. 4x +ky +8 = 0
3x +y =
1
2x+2y +2 0 INCERT
4x-5yk
3y 2x = 12
82 x +2y 3
5x+ky+7 = 0
1tfinitelu

3.72 systems of
equations
have
mary
following
of the
ohich each
the nu/ue of k for 3
ind
soluton: (9-19) 10.
=
4x+5y
1 5 y =9
9. 2x 3y -5 0
6rv 15 0 9
12.
8r+ 5y =

11. kx - 2v 6 = 0 = 18
kr + 10y
47 3y +9 0

3 2-3y7
(k 2)1-(2k 1)u = 3 (2k -

1)

14. 2x 3y =2 [CBSE 2000, 2003


( 2)x (2k 1)v =
2k -

1)
15. + ( k + 1)y = 4 ICBSE 2000C]
k+1)x9v =5k +2
16. kr3y = 2k +1 ICBSE 2000C]
2(k 1) x +9v =7k +1
17. 21 (k -2)y =k
6x (2k -1) y = 2k +5 [CBSE 200OC]
18. 2x 3y = 7
(k 1 ) x + (2k - 1) y = 4k +1 ICBSE 2001]
19. 2x3y k
(k -1)x (k 2 )y = 3k ICBSE 2001]
Find the valueofkfor which thefollowing system ofequations has no solution: (20-25):
20. k -5y = 2 21. x+2y = 0

6x2y = 7 2x ky = 5

22. 3x -4y +7 0 23. 2x ky +3 = 0


kx +3y -5 =0 3x +2y - 1 = 0

24. 2x+ky = 11 25. kx +3y = 3


12x ky = 6
26.
5x-7y=5
For what value ofk the following system of equations will be inconsistent3
tent?
4x+6y = 11

2x + ky = 7
For what value of a, the system of equations

ax+3y = a -3
12xay = a
ICBSE 2003, 20091
will have no solution?
the system
28. Find the value of k for which
kx+2y =5
3x+y 1
and (ii) no solution.
has (i) a unique solution,
PAIROF LINEAR EQUATIONSIN TWOVARIABLESs 3./

29. Prove that there is a value of c(* 0) for which the system
6x+3y =c -3
12x+Cy = C

has infinitely many solutions. Find this value.


30. Find the values ofk for which the system
2xky = 1

3x-5y=7
will have (i) a unique solution, and (i) no solution. Is there a value of k for which the

system has infinitely many solutions?


31. For what value of k, the following system of equations will represent the coincdent
lines?
x+2y +7 =0
2x +ky + 14 = 0
Obtain the condition for the following system of linear equations to have a unique
solution
ax + by = c

lx +1my = n

Determine the values of a and b so that the following system of linear equations have

infinitely many solutions:


(2a 1)x +3y 5 0
ICBSE 2001C]
3x+(b-1)y-2 =0
34. Find the values ofa and b for which the following system of linear equations has infinite
number of solutions:
2x-3y =F7
(a +b) x -

(a + b-3) y = 4a + b CBSE 2002]


has infinite
35 Find the values of p and q for which thefollowing system of linearequations
number of solutions:
2x+3y = 9

(p +9) x + (2p-g)y =3 (p +q +1) ICBSE 2002)


36. Find the values of a and b for which the following system of equations has infinitely
many solutions:
(i)) 2x - (2a + 5) y = 5
5
) (2a-1) x - 3y =

+(b-2) y
3x = 3 [CBSE 2002C] (2b+1)x -9y =
15 ICBSE 2002C]
2 (iv) 3x + 4y = 12
(ii) (a -1) x +3y
=

6x +(1-2b) y = 6 [CBSE2002C] (a+b) x+2(a-b) y = 54-1 ICBSE 2002C]

(v) 2x+3y = 7 (vi) 2x+3y-7 =0


3a b -2 (a-1)x +(a+1) y = (3a-1)
+(a + b) y
+
(a-5)x
INCERT] ICBSE 2010}

vin) 2x+3y=7 3a [CBSE 2010]


(a-1)x+ (a +2)y
=
1. No solution 2. Infinitely many solutions
5. k6

3. Infinitely many solutions 4. No solution


8. k 10
5. k 4 7. k is any real number
k = 8/3
10. k 12 11.
9. =9
k =4
12. k = 16 13. k 4 14
17. k = 5
15. =2 16. k 2
20. k = -15
18. k = 5 19. k =7

9
4
23. k =
21. k = 4 22. k= - 3
4

14 26. k 3
24. = -- 25. c t6
5
27. a = 6 28. (i) k 6 (ii) k = 6 29. C =6

30. (i) k (i) k -10 No 31. k = 4

3
11
bl 33. a =
-

34. a = -5, b = -1
32. am z
5
35. p 5/3, q = 1/3

1
=3,b -4 iv) 5, b =1
36. (i) a =

3,b =
(i) a =
-1, b =

2
(ii) a = a =

(v) a =
5, b = 1 (vi) a = 5 (vii) a = 7
EXERCIsE 3.6
1. 5pnens and 6 pencils together cost Rs 9 and 3 pens and 2
of 1 pen and I pencil. pencils cost Rs 5. Find the cost
2. 7a a1udio cassettes and 3
video cassettes
cost Rs 1110, while 5
cost Rs 1350. Find the cost of
assettes o audio cassettes and 4 video
an audio cassette
and a video cassette
Reena has pens and pencils which
together are 40 in number. If she has 5 more pencils
and 5 less pens, thern nuimber of pencils would become 4 times the numberof pens. Find
the original number of pens and
pencils.
4 tables and chairs, together, cost Rs
2,250 and 3 tables and 4 chairs Cost
Rs 1950. Find the cost of 2 chairs and 1
table.
5. 3 bags and 4 pens together cost Rs 257 whereas 4
bags and 3 pens together cost Rs 524.
Find the total cost of 1 bag and 10 pens.
6. 5 bookS and 7 pens together cost Rs 79 whereas 7 books and 5 pens together cost Rs 77.
Find the total cost ofl book and 2 pens.
.A and B each have certain number of mangoes. A says to B, "if
a
you give 30 of your
mangoes, I will have twice as many as left with you." B replies, "if you give me 10, I will
have thrice as many as left with you." How many mangoes does each have?
A
spn sellinga TV.at5%gain and a fridge at 10% gain, a shopkeeper gains Rs 2000. Butif
h e sells the T.V. at 10% gain and the fridge at 5% loss. He gains Rs 1500 on the
transaction. Find the actual prices of T.V. and fridge.
9. The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs 3800. Later, he buys
3 bats and 5 balls for Rs 1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball. [NCERT
10. One says, "Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then become twice as rich as you." The
other replies, "If you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as you." Tell me what is the
amount of their respective capital? [NCERT]
11. A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for
each day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs 27 for a book kept for seven days, while Susy paid
Rs 21 for the book she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each
extra day. INCERT
ANSWERS
1
Rs 2. Rs 30, Rs 300
Cosof one pencil
=

Cost of one pen = Rs

3. No. of pens = 13, No. of pencils = 27 4. Rs 750

5. Rs 155 6. Rs 20 7. A:34,B:62
8. Rs 9. Bat Rs 500, ball Rs 50. 10. Rs 40, Rs 170.
20,000, Rs 10,000
1. Rs 15, Rs 3.
HINTS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

be Rs y. Then, we have 5x +6y


= 9
1. Let the
each be x and that ofeach pencil
tof
cost pen
and 3x 5.
+ 2y
MATHEMATICS-X

3.78

ave
2. Let the cost
of an audio cassette be Rs x and that of a video cassette be Rs y. 1net
7x +3y =1110 and 5x + 4y = 1350.
8. Let the price of a T.V. be Rs x and that of a fridge be Rs y. Then, we have

5x
100 10y2000
100

10x
100
5y1500
100
charge be of Rs x
11. Let the fixed and the extra charge for each day be Rs y. Then,
xt4y 27 and x + 2y =21
nON IIPARERS
EXERCISE 3.7
1. The of two numbers is 8. If their sum is four times their
sum
difference, find the numbers.
2. The sum of digits of a two
digit number is 13. If the number is subtracted from the one
obtained by interchanging the digits, the result is 45. What is the number?
3. A number consists of two digits whose sum is five. When the
digits are reversed, the
number becomes greater by nine. Find the number.
4. The sum of digits of a two digit number is 15. The number obtained by
reversing the
order of digits of the given number exceeds the given number by 9. Find the
iven
number ICBSE 2004]
The sumot a two-digit number and the number formed
by reversing the order of digits is oo
f the two digits difter by 2, find the number. How
many such numbers are there? INCER
The sum of two numbers is 1000
and the difference between their squares is 256000.
Find the numbers.

The sum of a twO


digit number and the number obtained by
Aigits is 99. If the digits differ by
3, find the
reversing the order of its
number. ICBSE 2002]
A two-digit number is 4 times the sum of its digits. If 18 is added to the number, the
are reversed. Find the number. digits
ICBSE 2001C
9, A two-digit number is 3 more than 4 times the sum of its
number, the digits are reversed. Find the number digits. If 18 is added to ne
ICBSE 2001C)
/0. Atwo-digit number is 4 nore than 6 times the sum of its digits. If 18 is subtracted from
number, the digits are reversed. Find the number. tne
ICBSE 2001C]
11. A two-digit number is 4 times the sum of its
digits and twice the of the product digits.
Find thenumber.
ICBSE 2005]
12. Atw0-digit number is such that the product of its digits is 20. If 9 is added to the number,
the digits interchange their
places. Find the number. ICBSE 20051
13. The diflerence between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the other. Find
them.
14. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the
number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number. INCERT]
15/ Seven times a two-digit number is equal to four times the number obtained by reversing
the digits. If the difference between the digits is 3. Find the number.

ANSWERs
1. 5,3 2. 49 3. 23 4. 78 5. 42 or, 24 6. 628, 372
7. 63 or, 36 8. 24 9. 35 10. 64 11. 36 12. 45 13. 39, 13
14. 18 15. 36

HINTS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS


1. Let the numbers be x and y. Then, we have
X+y =8 and x + y = 4 ( x - y).

6. Let, the large number be x, and, the smaller number be y. Then,

1000 and r -y* = 256000.


X+y =

Now, -y =256000
256000
y)(x -y)
=
(*+

256000 256000
256.
X-y 1000
3.7 ON FRACTIONS
3APPLICATION TO PROBLEMS BASED
Olloging examples will illustrate applications of simultaneous linear equations in solving

WOrd problems on fractions.

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