Rushil test

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1 Plants can reproduce sexually and produce seeds.

These seeds can remain dormant for long periods of time before germination takes place.
(a) What is meant by the term germination?
(1)
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(b) Explain three conditions needed for seeds to germinate.


(6)

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(Total for Question = 7 marks)


2. The diagram shows the female reproductive system.
A

B
C

(a) Put a cross in the correct box to show

(i) where the egg is released


(1)
A
B
C
D

(ii) where the egg is fertilised


(1)
A
B
C
D

(iii) where the embryo becomes surrounded by amniotic fluid


(1)
A
B
C
D
(b) The diagram shows a fertilised egg dividing into an embryo.
(i) What is another name used to describe a fertilised egg?
(1)
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(ii) Name the type of cell division used to produce the embryo.
(1)
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(iii) Complete the table by ticking the box that shows the correct description of
each cell in the embryo.
(1)
Description Tick

haploid with 23 chromosomes

haploid with 46 chromosomes

diploid with 23 chromosomes

diploid with 46 chromosomes


(c) Describe how the developing embryo is supplied with nutrients.
(3)
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(Total for Question = 9 marks)


3. 2 The diagram shows an insect pollinated flower called a lily.
(a) Describe the features of an insect pollinated flower that help it to attract
insects.
(3)
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(b) Sexual reproduction in flowering plants and mammals involves the process of
gamete formation by meiosis followed by fertilisation.

Use the words from the box to complete the table about sexual reproduction in
flowering plants and mammals.

Each word can be used once, more than once or not at all.

fallopian tube ovary seed ovule


anther
copulation testes
placenta pollination
penis vagina
uterus
zygote
(5)
In flowering plants In mammals

female gametes are made in the


male gametes are made in the

gametes are brought together by

fertilisation takes place in the

embryos develop in the


(c) Cell division in an organism can take place by mitosis or by meiosis.
Give three ways in which mitosis differs from meiosis.
(3)

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(d) Suggest why a flower grower may want his coloured flowers to reproduce asexually.
(2)
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(Total for Question = 13 marks)

4. The diagram shows a human foetus developing in the uterus.

placenta
(a) Describe the function of the amniotic fluid surrounding the foetus.
(2)
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(b) The placenta functions as an organ of exchange.

(i) Name two substances, required by the foetus, that move from the mother’s blood
into the blood of the foetus.
(2)

1 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (ii) Name two

waste substances that move from the blood of the foetus into the mother’s blood. (2)

1 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Use information from the diagram to help explain how the placenta is adapted for
the efficient exchange of substances.
(3)
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(Total for Question = 9 marks)


5. Fig. 3.1 shows the human female reproductive system.
R

S
X
T
V

Fig. 3.1

(a) Table 3.1 shows four functions of the female reproductive system.

Complete the table by:

• naming the part of the system that carries out each of the functions;

• using the letters from Fig. 3.1 to identify the part of the system named.

One row has been completed for you.

Table 3.1

function name of organ letter from Fig. 3.1


production of gametes

site of implantation

site of fertilisation

dilates during birth cervix V


[3]

The hormone FSH is important in regulating the menstrual cycle.

(b) (i) State the target organ of FSH.

[1]

(ii) State one effect of FSH.

[1]
(c) The drug clomiphene is given to women who have difficulty in having children. The drug increases the
secretion of FSH.

As part of treatment for infertility, a woman was given clomiphene for five days. The concentration of
oestrogen in her blood was measured every day for 27 days.

The results are shown in Fig. 3.2.


arbitrary units

concentration of oestrogen in the blood

Fig. 3.2

(i) Describe the changes in oestrogen in the blood over the 27 days.

You will gain credit if you use results from Fig. 3.2 in your answer.
[4]

(ii) Doctors thought that ovulation occurred around day 15.

Explain what is meant by the term ovulation.

[2]

(d) The treatment was not successful on the first occasion.

As an alternative to this treatment, women may be offered in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment.

In IVF treatment, an egg is fertilised outside the body and the resulting embryo is placed into the
uterus.

Describe what happens when an egg is fertilised by a sperm.

[3]

(e) Some embryos produced by IVF do not develop because there are problems with their chromosomes,
such as having the wrong number.
(i) Define the term chromosome.

[2]

(ii) State the correct number of chromosomes that should be in a cell of a human embryo.

[1]

[Total: 17]

6. A newspaper headline incorrectly stated, “The use of condoms can result in erectile dysfunction”.

Erectile dysfunction is a medical problem which results in problems with sexual intercourse.

Scientists are concerned that this incorrect statement could lead to an increase in HIV.

(a) Describe the process of sexual intercourse in humans.

[2]

(b) Condoms are used as one form of birth control.

(i) What name is used to describe this method of birth control?

[1]

(ii) Explain how a condom acts as a method of birth control.


[2]

(c) Some readers of the newspaper may believe the newspaper and stop using condoms during sexual
intercourse.

(i) Explain how a decrease in the use of condoms may lead to an increase in the incidence of HIV.

[2]

(ii) State two ways by which a person who does not have sexual intercourse might still become infected
with HIV.

1.

2. [2]

(iii) Explain why the immune system is less effective in a person with HIV.

[3]

(d) Another sexually transmitted disease is gonorrhoea.


For this disease, state

(i) one sign or symptom,

(ii) one effect on the body,

(iii) the treatment.

[3]

[Total: 15]

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