3Q-L2-Survey-of-the-Scene

3Q HEALTH: L2 – SURVEY OF THE SCENE AND THE VICTIMS
A. Primary Survey
Primary Survey of the victim is used when the victim is unconscious and to find out and
immediate life-threatening conditions
What to do
 Danger. Before approaching the casualty, always make sure the area is safe.
 Response. Check if the casualty is responsive or unresponsive. ...apply the ABC rule:
 Airway. Next, you need to check that the airway is open and clear. ...
 Breathing. You now need to check if the casualty is breathing normally. ...
 Circulation. Locate the pulse using you middle finger if not responsive revive
circulation, perform CPR immediately.
Once you have completed the Primary Survey and treated any life-threatening conditions,
move on to a second survey.
B. Secondary Survey
Secondary Survey is used when the victim is conscious or has revived. It aims to detect
everything about the patient’s condition.
History find out more about the casualty’s history. Use the mnemonic AMPLE as an easy
reminder. Look out for any medical warning jewelry which may provide information their
medical history or any allergies.
 Allergy – Do they have any allergies? For example, nuts or any medication such as
penicillin or aspirin?
 Medication – are they taking any medication?
 Previous medical history – do they suffer from any medical condition such as
diabetes, epilepsy or heart disease? Have they had any previous injuries or surgery?
 Last meal – when they last eat or drink?
 Event history – what happen and where? Is the incident due to an illness or an
accident? Ask any people nearby what happen and look for any clues that may give you
more information.
Vital signs- this include pulse, respirations, skin signs, pupils and blood pressure. This may
include documenting the oxygen saturation level (this is highly useful when dealing with
chemical agent exposure)
 Pulse- Asses for rate, rhythm, and strength
Pulse rate may be taken in different points in the body like:
1. Axillary 5. Subclavian
2. Brachial 6. Temporal
3. Carotid 7. Wrist
4. Femoral
What is a normal pulse?
Normal heart rates at rest:
Children (ages 6 - 15) 70 – 100 beats per minute
Adults (age 18 and over) 60 – 100 beats per minute
 Respiration- Asses for rate, depth, sound, and ease for breathing
 Skin Signs- Asses for color, temperature, and moisture
 Pupils- Check pupils for size, equality, and reaction to light. Constriction pupils in mass
casualty event are highly suggestive of nerve agent/organophosphate toxicity
 Temperature – it is important to check the temperature in the case of stroke and high
fever. Body temperature is measured by using thermometer within the:
1.Rectum (rectal) 2. Oral (mouth) 3. Axillary (armpit)
Head to Toe Examination of a Trauma Patient with Significant MOI- The physical
examination of the patient should take no more than two to three minutes.
 Neck – Examine the patient for point tenderness of deformity of the cervical spine. Any
tenderness or deformity should be an indication of a possible spine injury.
 Head - Check for scalp cuts, bruises, swellings, and other signs of injury.
Examine the skull for deformities, depressions, and other signs of injury. Inspect the
eyelids/eyes for impaled objects or other injury. Determine pupil size, equality, and
reactions to light.
 Chest - Examine the chest for cuts, bruises, penetrations, and impaled objects. Check
for fractures. Note chest movements and look for equal expansion.
 Abdomen - Examine the abdomen for cuts, bruises, penetrations, and impaled objects.
Feel the abdomen for tenderness. Gently press on the abdomen with the palm side of
the fingers, noting any areas that are rigid, swollen, or painful. Note if the pain is in one
spot or generalized.
 Lower Back - Feel for point tenderness, deformity, and other signs of injury.
 Pelvis - Feel the pelvis for injuries and possible fractures. After checking the lower
back, slide your hands from the small of the back to the lateral wings of the pelvis.
Press in and down at the same time noting the presence of pain and/or deformity.
 Genital Region - Look for wetness caused by incontinence or bleeding or impaled
objects. In male patients check for priapism (persistent erection of the penis). This is an
important indication of spinal injury.
 Lower Extremities - Examine for deformities, swellings, bleedings, discolorations,
bone protrusions and obvious fractures. Check for a distal pulse. The most useful is the
posterior tibial pulse which is felt behind the medial ankle. If a patient is wearing boots
and has indications of a crush injurydo not remove them. Check the feet for motor
function and sensation.
 Upper Extremities - Examine for deformities, swellings, bleedings, discolorations,
bone protrusions and obvious fractures. Check for the radial pulse (wrist). In children
check for capillary refill. Check for motor function and
strength.
Top Ten things to do in case of emergency

1. Shout for HELP!
2. Survey the scene and assess the situation.
3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the nearest hospital or if simple
cleansing and band aid will do.
4. If you are certified in CPR and a victim needs it, begin CPR right away.
5. Stop the bleeding, if there is any.
6. Treat any symptoms of shock.
7. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim.
8. Seek trained medical assistance.
9. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious victim.
10. Wait for medical professionals to arrive.
ASSIGNMENT:
Submission Date: January 8, 2025- Wednesday
Process Question : Write your answer on 1 whole sheet of paper.

1. What is the first thing you do in case of emergency?
2. Are these situations can minimize the prone accident might happen to a person?
How?
3. Why we need to help someone in times of emergency?
4. How did you feel during and after helping the victim?

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3Q HEALTH: L2 – SURVEY OF THE SCENE AND THE VICTIMS

Top Ten things to do in case of emergency

Process Question : Write your answer on 1 whole sheet of paper.

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