Lesson 2

LESSON 2:
SURVEY OF THE
SCENE AND THE
VICTIMS
-Vital signs are measures of
various physiological statistics
taken in order to assess the most
basic body functions. The act of
taking vital signs normally entails
recording body temperature,
pulse rate or heart rate, blood
pressure and respiratory rate.
Before, Airway, Breathing
and Circulation(ABC) are
mnemonics for essential
steps used by both medical
professional and lay person
such as first aider when
dealing with a patient.
Difference between signs
and symptoms
Signs are details
discoered by applying
your senses – sight,
touch, hearing, and smell
during the course of the
examination.
Example:
Bleeding
Swelling
Deformities
Symptoms are sensation
that the victim feels or
experience and may not
be able to describe
Examples:
Nausea
Vomitting
Heat
Impaired sensation
There are two ways to conduct
physical examination when
going first aid:
Primary Survey
Secondary survey
Primary Survey
Primary survey of the
victim is used when the
victims is unconscious and
to find out and immediately
treat life-threatining
conditions.
Check for consciousness
Open airway
Check for breathing
Check for circulation
Secondary survey
Secondary survey is used
when the victim is conscious or
has revived. It aims to detect
everything about the patient’s
conditions.
A. History taking
SAMPLE PAIN is the mnemonic in
order to perform the steps more
easily.
S -ymptoms(the chief complaint
of the victim)
A –llergy(find out if the victim is
allergic to anything)
M –edication(what are the
medicine s/he is currently taking)
P –revious illness(that may be
related to the problem)
L –ast meal(only for those
subject for operation)
E –vents prior to what happened
P –eriod of pain(How long? What
started it?
A –rea(Where is the pain
comming from
I –ntensity
N –ullify(what stopped it)
B. Checking for vital
A. Pulse rate signs
Steps in checking the pulse.
• Use you finger tips in getting the
pulse.follow the following the
procedure:
1. Place the finger tip over ab artery
where it either crosses a bone or lies
close to the skin.
2. Feel the pulsation as the pressure
wave of blood causes the vessel wall to
expand – tht is the pulse.
• The pulse rate may be taken in

different points in the body like:
1. Branchial 5. Subclavian
2. Carotid 6. Axillary
3. Wrist 7. Femoral
4. Temporal
• NO-NO in Getting Pulse Rate
-Never use your thumb; it has its
own pulse.
-Do not palpate both the carotid
arteries at same time.
-Do not take the pulse when the
victim is in sitting position.
Pulsation disappear as the victim is
elevated to a sitting position.
-Never put to much pressure or
massage the carotid. You may
disturb the heart’s electrical
conduction system
Normal Pulse Rate
60-70 MEN
70-80 WOMEN
80-90 Children over 7 years old
80-120 Children over 1-7 years
old
110-130 Infants
B. Temperature
 It is important to monitor
temperature in the case of stroke
and high fever.
 Body temperature is measured by
using a thermo meter within the:
1. Rectum (rectal)
2. Oral (mouth)
3. Axillary (armpit)
C. Respiration
 Count the breaths per minute
 A whistle sound or wheeze and
difficulty in breathing may mean
astma attack
 A gurgling or snoring noise and
difficulty in breathing may mean that
the tongue, moucous or something
else is stuck in the throat and does
not let enough air to get through
D. Skin color
 Skin color reflects the circulation of
blood and the saturation of oxygen
in the blood
 The presence of mucous around
the mouth, inner eyelids, and nail
beds is a sign of poor blood
circulation
 A healthy skin is warm and pink
because blood flows normally in
C. Head to Toe
examination
1. Head and neck
o Are there any lece terations or
contusions in the area?
o Is there a presence of blood in the
victim’s hair? If yes, immediatly find
out where it is coming from
o Is there any fluid in the victim’s
nose? If so, the victim has a skull
fracture
2. Eyes
o Pay close attention to the pupil
Pupil Assessment
appearance
Dilated pupil State of shock
Very small pupils Poison or use of
probihited drugs
Different size Head injury that requires
immediate attention
Small and bright Pupils are reactive
No reaction DEATH
3. Chest
oCheck for cuts, bruises,
penetrations, and other
impairments.
o If the victim feels pain while you
apply preessure onto his/her
chests, there could be a rib
fracture.
4. Abdomen
 Does the victim’s abdomen hurt?
Where is the pain coming from?
 Is his/her abdomen tender?
 Did you feel any lumps?If yes,get
immediate medical assistance.
5.Back
oIs there movement in the
victim’s lower extremities?
oIs there sensation in these
parts? If the answer is yes,do not
move the victim.Immobilize
him/her.
Top Ten things to do in case of
emergency
1.Shout for HELP
2.Survey the scene and asess the situation.
3.Determine if the accident warrants a visit
to the nearest hospital of if simple cleansing
and band aid will do.
4.If you are certified in CPR and a victim
needs it,begin CPR right away.
5.Stop the bleeding, if there is any.
6. Treat any symptoms of shock.
7. Look for the medical alert tag in every
victim.
8.Seek trained medical assistance.
9.Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious victim.
10. Wait for medical professionals to
arrive.
*ALWAYS LOOK FOR A MEDICAL

Lesson 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LESSON 2:

• The pulse rate may be taken in

*ALWAYS LOOK FOR A MEDICAL

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.