01/06/2024

Text
il
es:
At
ext
il
ewasor
igi
nal
l
yawov
enf
abr
ic,butt
het
ermst
ext
il
eand
pl
uralt
ext
il
esar
enow al
soappl
i
edt
ofi
bres,f
il
ament
sandy
arns,
nat
uralandmanuf
act
uredandmostpr
oduct
sforwhi
cht
hesear
ea
pr
inci
pal
rawmat
eri
als.
Thi
sdef
ini
ti
onembr
aces,f
orexampl
e,f
ibr
ebasedpr
oduct
sint
he
f
oll
owi
ngcat
egor
ies;Thr
eads,cor
ds,r
opes,br
aids,wov
en,kni
tt
ed
andnon-
wov
enf
abr
ics,l
ace,r
estandembr
oider
y,hosi
ery
,kni
twear
andmadeupappar
els:
househol
d.
Tex
til
es,sof
tfur
nishi
ngsanduphol
ster
ycar
pet
sandot
herf
loor
-
cov
eri
ngs:t
echni
cal
,indust
ri
al,and engi
neer
ing t
ext
il
esi
ncl
udi
ng
geo-
text
il
esandMedi
car
etext
il
es.

Fi
bre:
The mat
eri
al,whi
ch consi
stsf
ibr
ous st
ruct
ure and l
engt
his
t
housandt
imeshi
ghert
hani
tswi
dthi
scal
l
edf
ibr
e.I
tisal
sot
he
gener
ict
erm usedt
odescr
ibet
hebasi
cel
ementoft
hemat
eri
al
f
rom whi
chy
arns,t
ext
il
e,kni
tsot
hersubst
ancesar
emade.Most
appar
elf
ibr
erangesi
nlengt
hfr
om 15t
o150mm andt
hickness
r
angesf
rom 10mm t
o50mm.

Text
il
efi
bre:
The mat
eri
als whi
ch consi
st f
ibr
ous st
ruct
ure and l
engt
his
t
housandt
imeshi
ghert
hani
tswi
dth/
diamet
erandcarbespuni
nto
y
ear
n,sui
tabl
eforweav
ingorkni
tt
ingandeasi
l
ycol
oredbysui
tabl
e
dy
est
uffar
eknownast
ext
il
efi
bre.Soat
ext
il
efi
brehast
ocont
ain
t
hef
oll
owi
ngchar
act
eri
sti
cs
 Fi
brousst
ruct
ure.
 Lengt
hist
housandt
imeshi
ghert
hani
tswi
dth/di
amet
er.
 Spunabl
ei.
e.I
thasspi
nni
ngqual
i
ty.
  Suf
fi
cientst
rengt
h.
 El
ast
ici
tyandf
lexi
bil
i
ty.
 Fi
neness.
 Col
or.
 Dy
eabi
l
ityi
.e.af
fi
nit
ytody
e,et
c.

Text
il
erawmat
eri
al:
Raw mat
eri
alhasbeen def
ined as“
mat
eri
alt
hathasnotbeen
subj
ect
ed t
o a speci
fi
c pr
ocess ofmanuf
act
ure.
”Text
il
eraw
mat
eri
alsar
emat
eri
alst
hatcanbeconv
ert
edi
ntoy
arnsandf
abr
ics
ofanynat
ureorchar
act
er.Fi
brei
sar
aw mat
eri
alusedi
ntext
il
e
manuf
act
uri
ng.

Al
lfi
bresar
enotText
il
eFi
bres:
Af
ibr
eisauni
tofmat
terwhosel
engt
hus1000t
imesl
ongert
hani
ts
wi
dth.Al
lthef
ibr
escannotbet
ext
il
efi
bresbecauset
obet
ext
il
e
f
ibr
eitshoul
dpossesssomei
mpor
tantqual
i
ties.I
tshoul
dhav
e
suf
fi
cientst
rengt
h,l
engt
h,f
ineness,el
ast
ici
ty,cr
imp,f
ri
cti
on,power
t
oreactwi
thaci
dandal
kal
i
sandpowert
opr
otectt
heef
fectof
bi
ologi
cal
agent
set
c.I
tshoul
dbeav
ail
abl
etoo.
Cot
ton,j
ute et
c.ar
ethe t
ext
il
efi
bres as t
heyhav
ethe abov
e
qual
i
tiesbutf
ibr
esofbananat
reeonl
yfi
breandnott
ext
il
efi
bresas
t
heydonotpossessqual
i
tyl
i
keel
ast
ici
ty,st
rengt
h,appear
anceet
c.
So,
wecansayt
hat
,al
lfi
bresar
enott
ext
il
efi
bre.

Pr
ocesssequenceoft
ext
il
e:

2
 Fi
ber
/Fi
l
ament

Spi
nni
ng

Yar
n/Thr
ead

Weav
ing Kni
tt
ing

Gr
eyf
abr
ic

Dy
eing Pr
int
ing

Fi
nishi
ng

Fi
nishedf
abr
ic

Cut
ti
ng Sewi
ng

Gar
ment
s

St
apl
efi
breandf
il
ament
:
1)St
apl
efi
bresar
emai
nlyshor
teri
nlengt
handf
il
ament
sar
e
cont
inuousi
nlengt
hwhi
chcanbeusedassuchf
orm orcut
i
ntoshor
terst
apl
efi
bref
orm.
2)St
apl
efi
bres ar
e nor
mal
l
yrel
ated t
o nat
uralf
ibr
es but
f
il
ament
sar
erel
ated t
o man madef
ibr
es,t
hough si
l
kis
nat
ural
l
yor
igi
nat
edf
il
ament
.
3)Manuf
act
urercont
rol
snat
ural
fibr
e’sl
engt
hvar
yfi
bret
ofi
bre,
l
ott
olotbutmanmadef
ibr
elengt
h,possi
blet
ocutt
he
f
il
amenti
nanyl
engt
hhewi
shes.
4)Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofSt
apl
efi
ber
.Suchas–
a)
Fil
ament
aryf
ibr
e:–
2–15cm l
ongf
ibr
ee.
g.cot
ton.
3
 b)
Techni
cal
fibr
e:-
30–200cm l
ongf
ibr
e.e.
g.Jut
e.
Ther
ear
etwot
ypesoff
il
amenti
s–
a) Monof
il
ament
. 1–5hol
esi
nspi
nner
et.
b) Mul
ti–f
il
ament Forappar
eluse:
10-100hol
es.

Nat
uralf
ibr
esar
erepl
acedbyman-
madef
ibr
es:
Ther
ear
etwoki
ndsoff
ibr
esav
ail
abl
eint
ext
il
efi
eld,man-
made
f
ibr
eand nat
uralf
ibr
e.TheMan MadeFi
bresar
erepl
aci
ng t
he
nat
ural
one.Ther
easonsf
ort
hischangecanst
atebel
ow–

Weknow f
ibr
equal
i
tydependsuponi
tspr
oper
ti
esl
i
kest
rengt
h,
l
engt
h,f
ineness,el
ast
ici
ty,cr
imp,col
our
,mat
uri
ty,andact
ionwi
th
wat
er–al
kal
iaci
dset
c.I
ncaseofmanmadef
ibr
e,nocangi
vet
he
f
ibr
esourr
equi
redpr
oper
ti
esaswewant
.Buti
ncaseofnat
ural
fibr
e,
i
tisnotpossi
blebecausei
tgeti
tschar
act
eri
sti
cspr
oper
ti
esf
rom
t
henat
ure.Forexampl
es,wecangetpol
yest
er(
MMF)f
ibr
ebot
hin
st
apl
eandf
il
amentf
orm butwecannotsetcot
ton(
Nat
uralFi
ber
)
f
ibr
efi
l
amentf
orm.Ther
ear
eal
soot
herpoi
nts.Suchas–
a) Thest
rengt
hofMMFi
sgr
eat
ert
hann.
f.
b) Thepr
oduct
ionofn.
f.dependsuponnat
uralcondi
ti
on.But
t
hepr
oper
ti
esofMMFdonotdependonn.
f.
c) Manmadef
ibr
epr
ocessi
ngi
seasyt
hannat
ural
fibr
e.
d) Thepr
oper
ti
esofMMFi
.e.st
rengt
h,appear
ance,act
ionof
aci
ds,
elast
ici
tyet
ccanbechangedbutnoti
ncaseofn.
f.
e) Man-
madef
ibr
eischeapert
hann.
f.
f
) Fl
oods,dr
ought
s,nat
uralcal
ami
tyhasnoef
fectonmen
madef
ibr
e.

Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionoft
ext
il
efi
bres:(
Diagr
am onpage17)
4
(SomeImport
antText
il
eFibr
eswi
thcl
assi
fi
cati
on)
1.Cel
lul
ose(veget
abl
e):
 Cotton  Jute
 Flax  Sisal
 Hemp  Manilakemp(
Abaca)

2.Ker
ati
n(Ani
mal
)
 Al
paca.  Mohai
r.
 Camel
.  Rabbi
t.
 Cashmer
e.  Wool
.
 Hor
se.  Si
l
k.

3.Mi
ner
al:
 Asbest
os

5
Manmadef i
bres:
Acetat
e. Met
all
i
c  Pol
yest
er
 Secondar y Modacr
yli
c  Ray
on
 Tr i
acet
ate
Acryl
ic Nov oloi
d  Cuprammoni
um
Anidex Nylon-6  Viscose
Aramid Nylon6: 6  Rubber
Aramid Nytril  Saran
Azlon Olefin  Spandex
Glass Polyethene  Vinal
Polypropylene  Vinyon

Worl
dFibr
eConsumpti
on:
Ther
earesevenmaj
orf
ibr
ety
pes.Theest
imat
edgl
obal
consumpt
ionoft
hem f
ort
hey
ear
2000(i
nkg-
)

Natur
alfibr
es:
Proteinfi
bres Cel
lulosefibr
es Mi
ner
alf
ibr
es
9 9
Wool=3.110 Cott
on=23.7x10 Gl
ass
Si
lk Li
nen Metal
Mohair Ramie
Cashmere

Art
ifi
cialf
ibers:
Regenerat
edf i
ber
s Synt
het
icf
iber
s
9 9
Vi
scose=2.710 Nyl
on=4.510
Cel
lul
oseacet at
e=0.3109 Pol
yester 5x109
=12.
Acr
yli
cs=3.5x109
Pol
yolefi
nes

Total
annualconsumpti
onofGent
il
efibr sabout5x1010kganddi
esi ff
erentt
ypesofdy
es
andpigment
sar eabout8x108kg(i
n2000)
.

Mer
it
sanddemer
it
sofNFandMMF:
1.Lengt
h/Fi
brest
ruct
ure:
Micr
oscopi
cst
ruct
ure.
(
a)Thel
engt
hofNFi
sli
mit
edf
ordi
ff
erentf
ibr
esbutt
hel
engt
hofMMFf
ibr
eisunl
i
mit
ed
becauset
hel
engt
hofmanmadef
ibr
eisdependedonwi
shesofmanuf
act
urer
.
(
b) Mostoft
heMMFi
scr
yst
all
i
net
hannat
ural
fibr
esandst
ruct
urei
spar
ti
all
ydi
ff
erent
suchasf
oll
owandnat
ural
str
andscot
ton.
(
c) Cr
impsandschwasi
nwool
andf
eltsuchchar
act
eri
sti
csar
ethegr
eatadv
ant
agesof
nat
ural
fibr
ewhi
char
eabsenti
nMMF.
2.St
rengt
h
(
a)Thest
rengt
hofman-
madef
ibr
esi
shi
ghert
hannat
ural
fibr
esbecauseofi
t’
scr
yst
all
i
ne
andor
ient
ati
on.
(
b)Theamor
phousnessi
shi
gheri
nNFt
hanMMF.
3.Scopeofwear
iness:
I
ncl
othi
ng,
nat
ural
fibr
esar
edemandabl
eduet
oit
smer
itpoi
ntoft
ouch,
sof
tness,
hygi
eni
c
char
act
eri
sti
cs,
that
’swhyt
hedr
essesofNFar
emor
ecomf
ort
abl
ethanMMF.
4.Pr
oduct
ion:

6
For
mthev
iewofeconomi
c,t
hedemandandsuppl
yisgov
ernedbyt
hecondi
ti
onofcl
i
mat
e
andcul
ti
vat
edl
and.

I
ncaseofNF,
thepr
oduct
ionofNFi
saf
fect
edbynat
uralcal
ami
ti
esandpr
oduct
ionmayf
all
down.
Ont
heot
herhandt
hemanmadef
ibr
e’spr
oduct
ioni
snotdependentonnat
uralcl
i
mat
es
becausei
tsmanuf
act
urei
sdonebyhumanoper
ati
ons.I
tcanpr
oducedomest
ical
l
yfr
om
sy
nthet
icr
awmat
eri
als.Sot
hepr
iceofNFi
shi
ghert
hanMMF.

Pr
oper
ti
esofText
il
eFi
bres:
Ther
ear
ethr
eet
ypesofpr
oper
ti
esoft
ext
il
efi
bres.Suchas–
A.Phy
sical
proper
ti
es
B.Ther
mal
proper
ti
es
C.Chemi
cal
proper
ti
es
A) Phy
sicalpr
oper
ti
es:
a)Lengt
h:
I
tdependsupont
het
ypesoff
ibr
es.I
tisf
inei
ncaseofMMFbutv
ari
esl
argel
yincaseof
nat
uralf
ibr
es.Thel
engt
hsar
emeasur
edi
nthr
eeway
s–av
eragel
engt
h,ef
fect
ivel
engt
h&
st
apl
elengt
h.St
apl
elengt
hcanbeoft
hreet
ypesshor
tlengt
h(52”
),medi
um l
engt
h(2-
4”)&
l
ongl
engt
h(>4”
).Lengt
haf
fect
ssomef
ibr
epr
oper
ti
essuchas– st
rengt
h,pr
ocessi
ng,
appear
anceet
c.
(
b)St
rengt
handext
ensi
on:
Thecapabi
l
ityofaf
ibr
etosuppor
tal
oadi
sknownasi
tsst
rengt
h.I
ncaseofaf
ibr
e,t
he
st
rengt
hisdescr
ibedast
enaci
ty.
Tenaci
ty=St
rengt
h/l
i
neardensi
ty.
I
tisex
pressedi
nter
msofCN/
TexorN/
Tex
.Thet
ensi
l
est
rengt
hiscommonl
ydescr
ibedas
t
hef
orcer
equi
redt
oreachbr
eakt
hei
ncr
easei
nthel
engt
hbef
orebr
eaki
ngi
sknownas
ext
ensi
on.
c)Fl
exi
bil
it
y:
Fl
exi
bil
i
tyi
sthatpr
oper
tyt
oresi
str
epeat
edbendi
ngandf
oldi
ng.
d)Cohesi
veness:
I
tist
heabi
l
ityoft
hef
ibr
est
ocl
i
ngt
oget
herdur
ingspi
nni
ngdependsoncr
impandt
wist
.
e)Fi
neness:
‘
Fi
neness’descr
ibest
hequal
i
tyofaf
ibr
e.Byt
his,wecanknow how f
ineaf
ibr
eis.I
tis
expr
essedbyt
het
ermscount
,tex,
deni
er,
Texperuni
tlengt
het
c.
1t
ex=1gm wt
/1000m.
1deni
er=wt
.ingm/
900m.
Fi
nenessaf
fect
ssomef
ibr
epr
oper
ti
es.Suchasy
arncount
,yar
nst
rengt
h,y
arnr
egul
ari
tyet
c.
f
.)Cr
osssect
ion:
Thecr
osssect
ionofaf
ibr
edet
ermi
nest
hephy
sicalpr
oper
ti
esoft
hef
ibr
e.I
tgi
vesi
dea
aboutst
rengt
h,f
inenesst
hatv
ari
esf
rom f
ibr
etof
ibr
e.Thecr
oss-
sect
ionshapeofaf
ibr
eis

7
i
mpor
tantbecausei
tcont
ri
but
est
othesur
faceappear
anceoft
hef
ibr
e.I
thel
pst
ogi
ve
pr
oper
ti
esofl
ust
er,bul
kandbodyoft
hef
ibr
es,y
arnandf
abr
ics.I
thasef
fecti
ntwi
sti
ng,
bendi
ngorshunni
ng.
Ci
rcul
arl
umen Pol
ygonall
umen Tr
iangul
ar Ri
bbonshaped
(
Nyl
on,
Dacr
on) (
Flax) Lumen(
sil
k) Lumen(
Dynel
)

g.
)Cr
imp:
I
tref
erst
othewav
esorbendst
hatt
akepl
aceal
ongt
hel
engt
hofaf
ibr
e.I
tincr
eases
cohesi
veness&r
esi
l
ience,r
esi
stancet
oabor
ti
on)andgi
vesi
ncr
easedbul
korwar
mtht
o
f
abr
ics.I
tal
sohel
psf
abr
icst
omai
ntai
nthei
rsof
tnessort
hickness,i
ncr
easeabsor
bency
andshowcont
actcomf
ort
sbi
dreducel
ust
ure.Af
ibr
emayhav
eoneoft
het
hreet
ypesof
cr
imp.Namel
y–mechani
cal
cri
mp,
nat
ural
cri
mpori
nher
entcr
impandchemi
cal
cri
mp.
h.
)El
ast
ici
ty:
I
tist
hepowerofr
ecov
eryf
rom def
ormat
ion.Thef
ibr
emaybepl
ast
icorel
ast
icwhi
ch
dependsuponf
ibr
econdi
ti
onandsur
roundi
ngenv
ironment
.
i
)Resi
li
ency
:
I
tist
hepr
oper
tyofaf
ibr
e,whi
chenabl
esi
ttor
ecov
erf
rom acer
tai
nloadorst
ret
chov
era
per
iodoft
ime.

j
)Toughness:
Theabi
l
ityofaf
ibr
etoendur
elar
geper
manentdef
ormat
ionswi
thoutr
upt
urei
scal
l
ed
t
oughness.
k.
)Wor
kofr
upt
ure:
Thear
eabel
ow t
hest
ress-
str
aincur
vespr
ovi
desameasur
eoft
hewor
krequi
redt
obr
eak
t
hef
ibr
e.I
tiscal
l
edwor
kofr
upt
ureandi
tcommonl
yexpr
essedi
nCN/
Tex.
l
.)
Appear
ance:
I
tisexpr
essedbyl
engt
h,f
ineness,
cross-
sect
ioncl
eannessandl
ust
ureofaf
abr
ic.Gener
all
y
shor
tfi
bresar
ebul
kyandl
ossl
ust
rous.
m)
.Densi
ty:
Thedensi
tyi
ndi
cat
est
hemassperuni
tvol
ume.Thespeci
fi
cgr
avi
tyofaf
ibr
eindi
cat
est
he
densi
tyr
elat
ivet
ot erat40c.
hatofwat
n)El
ongat
ion:
I
tist
heabi
l
ityt
o best
ret
ched,ext
ended orl
engt
hened.El
ongat
ionsv
aryatdi
ff
erent
t
emper
atur
esandwhenwetordr
y.

B)Ther
malpr
oper
ti
es:
a) Amor
phousness:Amor
phousor
ient
ati
onofpol
ymer
swi
thi
nthepol
ymersy
stem ofany
f
ibr
eiscal
l
edt
heamor
phousr
egi
on.I
namor
phousr
egi
ons,t
hepol
ymer
sar
eor
ient
edor
al
i
gnedatr
andom.
b)Cr
yst
all
ini
ty:Cr
yst
all
i
neor
ient
ati
onofpol
ymer
swi
thi
nthepol
ymersy
stem ofanyf
ibr
eis
cal
l
edt
hecr
yst
all
i
ner
egi
on.I
ncr
yst
all
i
ner
egi
onst
hepol
ymer
sar
eor
ient
edoral
i
gned

8
l
ongi
tudi
nal
l
yint
omor
eorl
esspar
all
elor
der
.Iti
sint
hecr
yst
all
i
near
east
hathy
drogen
bondi
ngandVandar
-Wal
sfor
cesoccur
.
c) Fl
ammabi
li
ty:
Iti
stheabi
l
ityt
oigni
teandbur
n.
d) Dy
eabi
li
ty:I
tist
heabi
l
ityoff
ibr
est
obedy
ed.
C.Chemi
calpr
oper
ti
es:
a)Wat
er:Wat
eri
sver
yimpor
tantt
odet
ermi
net
hepr
oper
ti
esoff
iber
s.Accor
dingt
othe
behav
iouroff
ibeswi
thwat
er,f
iber
sar
ecl
assi
fi
ed i
ntot
wo gr
oups–hy
drophobi
cand
hy
drophi
l
ic.Wat
eri
susedi
npr
ocessl
i
kescour
ing,
dyei
ng,
etc.
b)Absor
bency
:Iti
stheabi
l
ityoff
ibert
otakeupmoi
stur
eandi
sexpr
essedi
nther
msof
moi
stur
eregai
n.I
tdependsupont
hepol
ari
tyoft
hepol
ymer
sandt
her
ati
oofi
tsamor
phous
andcr
yst
all
i
ner
egi
on.Ther
ear
esomet
erms,
suchas
At
tract
inggr
oups: -
OH,
-NH,
-CONH.
Non-
att
ract
inggr
oups:-
CH,
-COO,
-CH3
Semi
-at
tract
inggr
oups:
-Cl
,COCH3,
-CN
c)Aci
d:Text
il
efi
ber
sand mat
eri
alsar
esubj
ect
ed t
o aci
dsi
nvar
iouspr
ocessi
ng l
i
ke
bl
eachi
ng.Thedi
ff
erentki
ndsoff
ibr
esr
eactdi
ff
erent
lywi
thaci
ds.Theaci
dmustbechosen
pr
oper
lyt
ousedi
ff
erentpr
ocesssot
hati
tdoesn’
tmakeanyhar
mtot
hef
iberbutbr
ingst
he
r
equi
redchangeper
fect
ly.
d)Al
kal
i:Di
ff
erentki
ndsoff
iber
sbehav
e di
ff
erent
lywi
th di
ff
erental
kal
i
sin di
ff
erent
si
tuat
ions.Forexampl
e,Caust
icsodai
ndi
l
utesol
uti
onandl
ow t
emper
atur
edi
ssol
vedt
he
woolf
iber
s,wher
easmi
l
dal
kal
i
shav
enoi
njur
iousef
fectonwoolator
dinar
yconcent
rat
ion.
I
tisusedt
omanypr
essesasdy
eing,
sizi
ngandf
ini
shi
ng.
e)Heat
:Text
il
efi
ber
s ar
e subj
ect
ed t
o heati
n dy
eing,dr
ying,st
eami
ng,cal
endar
ing,
pr
essur
ingandot
heroper
ati
ons.Somef
iber
sbecomet
oughunderheatsuchasRay
on,
resi
n,
wher
eassomebur
nunderheatsuchasf
lax
,cot
ton,
jut
e,et
c.
f
)Sunl
ight
:Sunl
i
ghtr
eact
sdi
ff
erent
lywi
thdi
ff
erentf
iber
sandf
abr
ics.Forexampl
e,whi
te
f
abr
icsbecomef
adedi
nvar
iousdegr
ees.Agai
nbl
ackabsor
bsmor
esunsheatt
hant
he
whi
teone.
g)Bi
ologi
calagent
:Ift
hef
iber
sar
eat
tackedbybact
eri
a’
s,bl
ackspot
sar
eseenont
he
f
iber
sasar
esul
tofwhi
cht
hest
rengt
hoff
iberi
sreduced.I
tsi
mpor
tancewhet
herf
iber
s
at
tachedbymi
cro-
organi
smsornotuponwhi
chst
rengt
hofpr
oduct
sdepends.
h)Moi
stur
eRegai
n:
Moi
stur
eregai
nisdef
inedast
hewei
ghtofwat
eri
namat
eri
alexpr
essedasaper
cent
ageof
t
heov
erdr
ywei
ghtoft
hemat
eri
alort
her
ati
oofwat
eri
namat
eri
alt
otheov
endr
ywei
ght
oft
hismat
eri
ali
scal
l
edmoi
stur
eregai
n.I
tisdonat
edbyR.
Let
,ov
endr
ywei
ghtofamat
eri
al=D
Wei
ghtofwat
eri
nthi
smat
eri
al=W

Moi
stur
eRegai
n,R=

i
)Moi
stur
eCont
ent
:Moi
stur
econt
enti
sdef
inedast
hewei
ghtofwat
eri
namat
eri
alexpr
ess

9
asaper
cent
ageoft
het
otalwei
ghtoft
hemat
eri
alorTher
ati
oofwat
eri
namat
eri
alt
othe
t
otal
wei
ghtoft
hemat
eri
ali
scal
l
edmoi
stur
econt
ent
.Iti
sdenot
edbyC.
Let
,Ov
endr
ywei
ghtofamat
eri
al=D
Wei
ghtofwat
eri
nthi
smat
eri
al=W

Moi
stur
eCont
ent
,

10
11
P Ba Of
ol st Vegeta N
ya Fi ble at
cr br Origin u
yl P
Le Of r
o ol
af Ani m al
Pon
li
t
y ya
Fi al Fi
vi
nyl m
br Origi
n
Chlo id
es Seed
ri
de Fi
br e Of
P Miner
Poly &
ol al
vi
nyli Fruit
ye Or
igin
dene Fi
br e
st
Chlo er As
ride s be
Poly st
Pol y vi
nyl os
vinyl deri
v Fi
Alco ati
ve b
hol s r
Polytetr e
afl
ur o
ethy l
en P
e& ol
Related y o Cell
ul
polyme l
e ose
Po
r
sl yv fi
i
ny li
di (
Ray o
ne n)
ne P
dinitr
i ol Cell
ul
le yu ose
(PVD re Ester
N) P
ol th s Natur
ys an al
Mi P
ty r Poly
sc mer /
re ell o
ne t Rege
an ner
at M
Mi eo Mi a
ed
sc us sc n
el
l el
l Sy M
an an nt a
eo eo he d
us us ti
c e
Dif
ferencebet weenNat uralandman- makef i
bre:
Naturalfibre Man- madef ibre
a. The f ibre, whi ch we get f rom a. The f i
bres made by sy nthetic or
nature,isnatural fi
bre. regener
ati
ngsy stem.
b. Noofmol eculesisnotl imited b. No.ofmol ecul
esusl imited.
c. Theno.ofmol eculescont r
olledby c. Theno.ofmol eculescont roll
edby
nature.Thel engthcannotbecont roll
ed. man.Thel engthcanbecont rol
led.
d. Thef abr i
cmadef rom nat uralfibre d.Man- madef ibreisuncomf or t
abl eand
i
scomf ort
abl eandgoodf orheal t
h. notgoodf orheal t
h.
e. Iti
sexpensi ve. e. Iti
snotexpensi v
e.
f. Itcannotgr ow ev erywher e.We f . It can gr ow ev erywher e. For
havet odependonnat ur
e. product
ion,nodependenceonnat ur e.
g. Iti s not much f avorable f or g. Iti
sf avorableforfini
shing.
fi
nishing.
h. Hygienic. h. Somear enothy gienic.
i
. Exampl e–cot ton,jute,kapoket c. i . Exampl e–Ray onNy lon,Ly craetc.

Diff
er encebet weenf ibreandor di
naryfil
ament:
Fibre Ordinaryfil
ament
a. Theyar ef or medbypol ymerizati
on. a. Theyarenotsof ormed.
b. Theyar ecomposedofmi l
li
onsof b. Theyarenotsocomposed.
mol ecularchain.
c. Theyhav el argemol ecul
arweight. c. Theyhavesmal l
mol ecul
arwei
ght
.
d. Themol eculesar ef ormedbyt he d. The mol ecules ar e joi
ned by
attr
act i
vef orces,cal led H- bond,Vander electroval
entbond,cov alentbondandco-
wall f
orces. ordi
natecoval
entbond.
e. Mol ecular st ructure can be c. Molecul
ar st r
uct ur
e can not be
changed.e. g.jute, cottonet c. changedi.
e.sugar,saltetc.
f. Onsol utionsat uratedpointi snot Satur
ati
onisreached.
reachedt hesol utionbecomev i
scose.

Compar ebet weenHy drophi

li
candHy drophobi cf i
bre:
Hy drophil
ic Hy drophobi c
a. Thef i
bre,whichhasmor e a. Thef ibre,whi chhasno
j
ointforwat erthatmeansmor e joi
ntf orwat ert hatmeansl ess
absorbency,i
scal l
edhy dr
ophil
ic. absorbencyt han hy drophil
i
c,is
call
edhy drophobi c.
b. They make a f i
bre b. Theycannotmar eaf ibr
e
comfortabl
et owear . comf ortablet owear .
c. Exampl e– Cot ton,wool, c. Exampl e – Nylon,
si
lketc. polyester
d. Mor eabsorbent. d. Less–absor bent.
e. Mor eamor phous. e. Mor ecr y st
all
ine
f. Gener al
l
y r
ough – f. Smoot hsur face.
surf
ace.
g. Dy i
ngcanbedoneeasi ly. g. Difficulttody e.
h. Noteasyt odr y. h. Difficulttody e.
i
. Mor edimensional. i. Lessdi mensi onal.
j
. Mor estrength i. Less- strength

12