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1. Introduction & Hydrology

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Rishikesh Yadav
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22 views18 pages

1. Introduction & Hydrology

Uploaded by

Rishikesh Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 1

Introduction to Bioengineering
DEFINITION
The use of living plants either alone
or in combination with small scale
civil engineering structures or non
living plant material for the purpose
of reducing the shallow seated
instability and controlling erosion on
slope
PROBLEMS ON SLOPES
➢ Materials roll down the slope
➢ Water enters into slope or liquefy the slope
material
➢ Loose state of materials
➢ Outward and downward movement of slope
➢ Slip of overlying layer
➢ Accumulation of water
Introduction to Bioengineering
DEFINITION

➢ USE OF LIVING PLANTS


➢ USE OF SMALL CIVIL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURES
➢ TO REDUCE SHALLOW SEATED
INSTABILITY AND CONTROL
EROSION
ENGINEERING FUNCTION OF PLANT

➢ Catch Function
➢ Armour Function
➢ Reinforce Function
➢ Support Function
➢ Anchor Function
➢ Drain Function
A) CATCH FUNCTION
Loose materials have the tendency of rolling down the
slope because of gravity as well as erosion. Constructing
any structure, which could catch the rolling down
materials, can control this tendency.

B) ARMOUR FUNCTION
Some slopes are very water sensitive. It means, they start
moving or are liquefied easily when they intercept water
or there may be the case of high rate infiltration, which
later causes shear failure. Therefore, such types of slope
should be covered so that the water could be diverted
easily. It is called the armoring function.
C) REINFORCING FUNCTION
Because of presence of voids, the soil may not compact and
it may need bonding of the grains. The structure constructed
for this purpose fulfils the reinforcement function.

D) SUPPORT FUNCTION
On the slope with length more than 15m, the lateral earth
pressure causes the outward and downward movement of
the slope material. Constructing any retaining types of
structure can control this tendency. They fulfill the support
function.
E) ANCHOR FUNCTION
If there is a case of failure of overlaying layers with respect
to stable underlying strata, the upper strata can be pinned
up with the underlying ones. This activity fulfills the anchor
function.

F) DRAIN FUNCTION
Water is the main problem leading to instabilities on slopes.
It could be the surface water or the ground water.
Therefore, the water should be diverted safely from the
slopes.
Engineering Functions of Plant

Catch
Support
Armour

 Reinforce

 Anchor
Hydrological functions of Vegetation
Interception: vegetation leaves and canopy
intercept the rain splash protecting the soil from
erosion.
Restraint: a dense network of roots binds the soil
particles in the ground and portion above ground
filters sediment runoff.
Absorption: roots absorb the surface and ground
water-reducing risk of slope failure.
Infiltration: maintain soil porosity and
permeability to increase retention.
Evapotranspiration: water absorbed by roots is
allowed to evaporate from plant surfaces.
Surface runoff reduction: The velocity of
surface runoff is reduced by stems and roots.
Crib Wall Stone Gabion Check Dam
Pitching Wall

Bioengineering Structures

Cascade Grass Plantation: Vertical, Diagonal, and Horizontal


Slope stability mechanics of Plants
Increase in shear strength due to root
Advantages of bioengineering
❖ Protects almost all slopes against erosion
❖ Reduces the instance of shallow seated instability
❖ Improves surface drainage and reduces slumping
❖ Physical flexibility
❖ Versatility in application
❖ The only solution for some problems.
❖ Cost effective
❖ Environmentally advantageous
❖ Socially advantageous
Scope of bioengineering
➢ Mining and ➢ Reservoirs and dams
reclamation
➢ Coastal and shoreline
➢ Highways and railways protection
➢ Construction sites ➢ Buildings
➢ Waste disposal and ➢ Recreation
public health
➢ Pipelines
➢ Airfields and helipads
➢ Site appraisal
➢ Waterways
➢ Land drainages
Applications
➢ Slope stabilization
➢ Embankment
➢ Cutting
➢ Erosion control
➢ Water course and shoreline protection
➢ Wind erosion control
➢ Vegetation barriers
➢ Shelters
➢ Noise reduction
➢ Surface protection and trafficability
➢ Control of runoff in small catchments
➢ Plants as indicators
Justification of the use of
Bioengineering
➢ By observation
➢ By calculation
➢ By estimation
➢ By interviews with local people
➢ By case studies
➢ Field visits
Limitation
➢ Not able to function in its initial stage
➢ Root Penetration on Foundation and Drains
➢ Choking of Waterways with plant growth
➢ Vegetation growth on structure cause adverse
effect on the performance of structural material
➢ Needs aftercare,Regular repair and
Maintenance

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