Method/Technique

The writer’s purpose Purpose is the specific effect the writer wants to achieve on the
reader. It's the desired outcome of the writing, such as informing,
persuading, entertaining, or inspiring.
Selection of Material The selection of materials of a text refers to the choices made by
the author or creator regarding what content, themes,
characters, and events are included to communicate the main
ideas or themes of the narrative. It also pertains to the specific
cultural, philosophical, or ideological perspectives represented in
the text.
The writer’s intentions It's the underlying reason why they decided to put pen to paper
or fingers to keyboard. This can be as simple as wanting to
express their thoughts and feelings, or as complex as trying to
change the world. (See page 71 for example)
Vocabulary or Sentence Structure • What is the tone of the text? Is the vocabulary formal,
informal, colloquial, technical, or poetic?
• Does the text utilize direct or concise words, registers, literary
devices (p. 31, Act. 3), simple words, multi-clause sentence,
simple sentence, complex sentence,
- recognise the importance of comparing texts to identify
similarities, differences, and the deeper meaning within and
across texts.
Text comparison is a rhetorical pattern that
compares two or more texts and explains both
the differences and similarities between them.
 SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES
similarly in contrast
likewise conversely

correspondingly on the other hand

in the same way diverging from

equally in opposition to

analogous to whereas

comparable to unlike

parallel to dissimilar to

resembling to contradictory to

mirroring distinct from

conforming varying from

inconsistent with
• Similarly, both the Marvel Cinematic Universe and the DC Extended
Universe feature superhero teams that unite to fight against powerful
villains.
• Likewise, popular streaming services like Netflix and Hulu offer a wide
variety of original series that attract large audiences.
• Correspondingly, the rise of social media influencers has transformed
advertising in a way that mirrors traditional celebrity endorsements.
• In the same way, both K-pop and Western pop music have created
dedicated fanbases that engage deeply with their favorite artists.
• Equally, the themes of friendship and loyalty are central in both "Stranger
Things" and "The Goonies.“
• Analogous to the 90s grunge scene, today's alternative music scene
embraces a raw, unfiltered aesthetic.
• Comparable to reality TV shows in the U.S., South Korean variety
shows blend humor and celebrity culture in similar formats.
• Parallel to the emergence of hip-hop, the popularity of trap music
has reshaped the music industry landscape.
• Resembling the fashion trends of the 70s, current styles are seeing a
resurgence of bold colors and vintage patterns.
• Mirroring the impact of comic books in the 20th century, graphic
novels are now being recognized as a significant form of literature.
• Conforming to the expectations of romantic comedies, both "To All
the Boys I've Loved Before" and "Crazy Rich Asians" highlight the
importance of love and family.
In contrast, the intense action of blockbuster films often overshadows the
subtle storytelling found in independent films.
Conversely, while mainstream music focuses on commercial success,
underground artists often prioritize artistic integrity and personal expression.
On the other hand, reality television tends to showcase unscripted, dramatic
moments, whereas scripted shows follow a planned narrative structure.
Diverging from the typical superhero origin story, some films focus on the
consequences of having superpowers rather than the journey to gain them.
In opposition to traditional horror films that rely on jump scares, psychological
thrillers build tension through character development and atmosphere.
Whereas American sitcoms often emphasize humor through character
dynamics, British comedies frequently employ irony and wit as a storytelling
device.
• Unlike the glitzy red carpet events of Hollywood, indie film festivals
often focus on a more casual and intimate atmosphere for filmmakers
and audiences.
• Dissimilar to the straightforward narratives in children’s movies,
animated films for adults often explore complex themes and mature
humor.
• Contradictory to the idea of a celebrity lifestyle, many social media
influencers emphasize authenticity and relatability in their content.
• Distinct from mainstream video games, indie games often prioritize
unique storytelling and artistic design over high production value.
• Varying from the fast-paced nature of modern action films, classic films
often took time to develop characters and plotlines more slowly.
• Inconsistent with typical pop music themes, some artists delve into
personal struggles and social issues, offering a more profound message.
 used to indicate a similarity between two
facts or events.

Both The Mandalorian and The Witcher feature

lone protagonists on a quest through expansive
fantasy worlds. Similarly, each series showcases
themes of honor and the moral complexities of
their journeys.
1. in addition; moreover; also
2. in like manner; similarly

The themes of friendship in Friends and How I Met

Your Mother are prominent. Likewise, their
approaches to romantic relationships diverge;
Friends focuses more on group dynamics, while
How I Met Your Mother often explores individual
romantic journeys.
1. in addition; moreover; also
2. in like manner; similarly

The themes of friendship in Friends and How I Met

Your Mother are prominent. Likewise, their
approaches to romantic relationships diverge;
Friends focuses more on group dynamics, while
How I Met Your Mother often explores individual
romantic journeys.