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    Cascade weir headloss

    Uploaded by

    Dennis Deus

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Cascade weir headloss

    Uploaded by

    Dennis Deus
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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    0 views2 pages

    Cascade weir headloss

    Uploaded by

    Dennis Deus

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    The sharp-crested weir is probably the most common open channel primary device we find

    for measuring flow. It is basic, and usually, the least expensive design option.
    While most weir installations we encounter do perform well, they are too often outdated,
    misapplied, or not maintained for present flow conditions.
    The following general weir design requirements apply to all types to ensure accurate
    discharge measurement:

    1. The weir should consist of a thin plate 1/8 to 1/4 inch (3 to 6 mm) thick with a straight
    edge or a thicker plate with downstream chamfered edge. The upstream sharp edge
    prevents the nappe from adhering to the crest. Knife edges should be avoided because
    they are difficult to maintain. However, the upstream edge of the weir must be sharp
    with right angle corners, since rounded edges will decrease the head for a given flow
    rate.
    2. The upstream face of the weir should be smooth and perpendicular to the axis of the
    channel in both horizontal and vertical directions. The crest of the weir should also be
    exactly level to insure a uniform depth of flow.
    3. The connection of the weir to the channel should be waterproof. Therefore, the joint
    between the weir plate and channel should be packed with chemically inert cement or
    asphalt type roofing compound.
    4. The length of the weir crest or the notch angle must be accurately determined, because
    the percentage error in measured flow rate will be proportional to the error in
    determining these dimensions.
    5. The weir should be ventilated, if necessary, to prevent a vacuum from forming on the
    underside of the nappe.
    6. The height of the weir from the bottom of the channel to the crest should be at least 2
    times the maximum expected head of liquid above the crest. This is necessary to
    lower the velocity of approach. The weir height should never be less than 1 foot (0.3
    m).
    7. The approach section should be straight upstream from the weir for a distance of at
    least 20 times the maximum expected head of liquid, and should have little or no slope.
    8. The crest must be set higher than the maximum downstream elevation of the water
    surface. Otherwise, a submerged flow condition will occur instead the free flow
    condition required for reliable flow measurement.
    9. The device for the head (flow meter) should be placed at a distance of at least 3 times
    the maximum expected head on the weir and should be located in a quiet section of the
    channel away from all disturbances, preferably in a stilling well. Also, the zero point
    of the head measuring device must be set exactly with the weir crest.
    10. The crest of the weir must be kept clean. Fibers, stringy materials and larger particles
    tend to cling to the crest and should be removed periodically. The upstream side of the
    weir should be periodically purged of accumulated silt and solids.
    11. The weir size should be selected only after preliminary studies have determined the
    expected flow rates in the channel in question.
    12. The cross sectional area of the approach channel should be at least 8 times that of the
    nappe at the crest for a distance upstream of 15 to 20 times the head on the crest. This
    is necessary to minimize the velocity of approach. The approach channel should also
    permit the liquid to approach the weir in a smooth stream free from turbulence, and the
    velocity should be uniformly distributed over the channel; this may be accomplished
    through the use of baffle plates if necessary.
    13. If the weir pool is smaller than defined by the above criteria, the velocity of approach
    may be too high and the head reading too low. Weirs should be installed and
    maintained to make the velocity of approach negligible. Appropriate corrections
    should be made where this is not possible.
    Source: ISCO Open Channel Flow Measurement Handbook 6th Edition

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