Mensuration

INTRODUCTION

In previousclasses,you have learnt the concept of the surface area and the volumeof
cubes and cuboids, measurement of surface area and volume of these solids by using basic
units. In this chapter, we shall extend our study to some other solids such as right circular
cylinders,right circular cones, spheres and combination of such solids. We shall also take
up the problems of melting and recasting i.e. conversion of solids from one shape to another
and finding the volume or the surface area of new solids.

17.1 SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF A SOLID

a Solid. A figure which occupies a portion of space enclosed by plane or curved surfaces is called
a solid. A solid has three dimensions—length,breadth and height.
C) Surface area of a solid. The sum of the areas of the plane or curved surfaces (faces)of
a solid is called its total surface area. It is measured in square units.
By the words 'Surface area of a solid' we shall mean the total surface area of the solid.
Lateral surface area of a solid. The surface area of the solid excluding the top and the
bottom, if any, is called lateral surface area of the solid.
Volume of a solid. The measurement of the space enclosed by a solid is called its volume.
It is measured in cubic units.
Cross-section of a solid. If a cut is madethrougha solid perpendicularto its length (breadth
or height), then the surface so obtained is called its cross-section.
If the surface made by the cut has the same shape and size at every point of its length
(breadth or height), then it is called a uniform cross-section.

Cross-section Cross-section
perpendicular to length Cross-sections
perpendicular to height perpendicular to height
(ii) (iii)
In figures (1)and (ii) above, the solids have
uniform cross-sections.
In figure (iii) above, the solid has non-uniform
cross-sections.
When a solid has uniform cross-section,then
its
(1) volume = area of cross-section x length
(breadth or height).
(it) lateral surface area = perimeter of
cross-section x length (breadth or height)'
400 UNDERSTANDING MATHEMATICS-X
 AREA AND VOLUME OF A CYLINDER
SURFACE
11.2
A solid obtained by revolving a rectangular la,nina about
cylinder.
called a right circular cylinder. In other words,
ofits sides is
cross-sectionsare circles congruent to each other is
solid(Vljose cylinder.
a right circular
cjlled of any circular cross-section
(l)Theradius is called the
radius of the cylinder.
Theline joining the centres of circular cross-sections
at the ends is called the axis of the cylinder.
The distance between the centres of circular cross-sections at the ends is called the
height(or length) of the cylinder.
Inthisbook,we shall be dealing only with right circular cylinders. Therefore,whenever
it will mean right circular cylinder.
weusethe word 'cylinder',
area of a right circular cylinder
J Surface
Tofind the surface area of a right circular cylinder, perform the following activity:
Takea hollowclosed right circular cylinder made up of thick paper/cardboard and cut
it as shownin the figure i.e. first cut its two circular ends (top and base) and then cut
italonga line on its surface parallel to the axis of cylinder and prepare a net as shown
in the figure.

21tr —

Thenet of the right circular cylinder consists of:

(1)a rectangularpiece whose length is equal to the circumference/perimeterof the
circularbase and its breadth is equal to the height of cylinder.
(it) two circular pieces of same radius.
If r is the radius of the cylinder and h is its height, then curved surface area of
the cylinder = area of rectangular piece = length x breadth
= perimeter of base of cylinder x h = 21trx h.
Hence,
curvedsurface area of the cylinder = 2nrh.
Totalsurfacearea of cylinder = curved surface area + area of two circular pieces
= 2Ttrh+ 2 X Ttr2
= 2Ttr(h + r).
Hence,total surface area of cylinder = 2Ttr(h + r).
0 Volume
of a right circular cylinder
TOfindthe volume of a right circular cylinder, take
fewcircularsheets of thick paper of same size and
stackthem up in a vertical pile. We obtain a right
circular
cylinder as shown in the adjoining figure.

Mensuration 401
 and h is the height to which the circularsheets
If A is the area of the circularsheet
stacked up in a vertical pile, then are
area of circular sheet x height = A x h.
volume of the cylinder so formed =
of base x height.
Thus, volumeof a cylinder = area
and height h, then
It followsthat if a cylinderhas radius r
volume of cylinder = Ttr2 x h = ltr2h.

a Solid cylinder
Let r be the radius and h be the height of a solid cylinder, then
(i) Curved (lateral) surface area
= perimeterof cross-sectionx height = 2Ttrh.
(it) Total surface area
= curvedsurfacearea + area of two circular ends
= 2Ttrh + 2Ttr2
= 2Ttr (h + r).
(iii) Volume = area of cross-section x height
= Ttr2h.

Remark
When a rectangular lamina is rolled, we get a hollow right circular cylinder.

Hollow cylinder
Let R and r be the external and internal radii of a hollow
cylinder, and h be its height, then h
(i) Thickness of cylinder = R —r.
(ii) Area of a cross-section= Tt(R2 —P).
(iii) External curved surface area = 2TtRh.
(iv) Internal curved surface area = 2Ttrh.
(v) Total surface area= external curved area + internal curved area + area of two ends
= 2TtRh+ 2nrh + (le-
= 2Tt(Rh + rh + R2—12).
(vi) Volume of the material = TtR2h —Ttr2h
= TtÅR2 —r 2) h.

IllustrativeExamples
Example1. The diameterof a cylinder is 7 cm
and its height is 16 cm. Find •
(i) Lateralsurface area of the cylinder.
(ii) Totalsurface area of the cylinder.
(iil) Volumeof the cylinder.
Solution.Letr be the radius
and h be the height of the given cylinder,then
diameter = 2r = 7 cm (given)
7
— cm.
2
Also heightof the
cylinder = h = 16 cm (given).
402 UNDERSTANDING
ICSE MATHEMATICS-X
 curved) surface area of the cylinder = 27trh
I*tcral ( 22 7 x
(D 2 x —x—
7
16 cm2 = 352 cm2

cylinder = (h + r)
surface area of
Total
2

= 22 X — cm 2 = 429 cm2
39
2

the cylinder =
volumeof
x 16 cm3 = 616 cm3
7

plates, each of radius 14 cm and thickness 3 cm are placed one above

30 circular
anotherto form a cylindrical solid. Find:
the
total surface area.
(l) the
thevolume of the cylinder so formed.
(it)
Heightof the cylinder formed = number of plates x thickness of one plate
= (30 x 3) cm = 90 cm.
area of cylinder = 27tr(h + r)
(t)Totalsurface
7
x 14 x (90 + 14) cm2
2
= (88 x 104) cm 2 = 9152 cm .

of the cylinder = =
7tr211 —
22
x (14)2 x 90 cm3
Volume
(it) 7
= (22 x 28 x 90) cm3 = 55440 cm 3.
3, A cylindricalroller
Example m in length, 1•75m in radius when rolled on a road was
revolutions did it make?
foundto cover an area of 5500 m2. How many
cylindrical roller = m — 5
— —m, radius = 1•75 m = 4
Length
Solution. of 2
of roller
Areacoveredby the roller in one revolution = curved surface area
22 7 5 55 2
= 2Ttrh = 7 2

Letthenumber of revolutions made by the roller be n, then

areacoveredin one revolution x n = total ara covered
55
— x n = 5500 = 200.
2

Hence,the number of revolutions made by the roller = 200.

ple4. If the lateral surface area of a cylinder is 94•2cm2 and its height is 5 cm, then
Exam
find

(1)radius of its base (ii) its volume (Use = 3-14)

Solution.
(i) Let r be the radius of the cylinder
Lateralsurface area of a cylinder = 2Ttrh
2 x 314 x rx 5 = 94•2 r = 3 cm
(it) Volume= Ttr2h= (314 x 32 x 5) cm3 = 141•3cm3
Example5, The inner diameter of a circular well is m. It is 10 m deep. Find:
(1)its inner curved surface area.
(il)the cost of plastering this curved surface area at the rate of per m .

Mensuration 403 4
 1 7
—x 35 m = 4
Solution, Radius of circular well 2
22 7
(t) Inner curved surface area = 27trh= 2 x —x —x 10 m2 = 110 m2.
2
(it) As the rate of plastering the surface = (40 per m ,
the cost of plastering the surface = ((110 x 40) =
6, The total surface area of a cylinder is 6512 cm2 and the circumference of
its base is

Solution,Let r be the radius and h be the height of the given cylinder.

Circumference = 2Ttr= 88 cm (given)
22 88 r = 14 cm.
7
—2Ttr(h + r) = 6512 cm2 (given)
Total surface area I—
88 (h + 14) = 6512 2Ttr = 88
and r
h + 14 = 74 h = 60 cm.
Volumeof the cylinder = Ttr2h
22
— x (14)2 x 60 cm3 = 36960 cm3.
7

Example7, If radii of two circularcylindersare in the ratio 3 : 4 and their

arein heights
the ratio 6 : 5, find the ratio of their curved surfaces.
Solution, Since the radii of two circular cylinder are in the ratio 3 : 4, let
3r and 4r respectively. their radii be
As their heights are in the ratio 6 : 5, let their heights be 6h and 5h
respectively.
Curved surface area of first cylinder = Sl = 27tx 3r x 6h = 36Ttrh,
and the curved surface area of second cylinder = S2 = 27tx 4r x 5h = 40Ttrh.
36rh 9
S2 40Ttrh •
10
Hence, the ratio of their curved surface areas = 9 : 10.
Example8. The radius and the height of a cylinder are in the ratio 2
: 7. If the volumeof
the cylinder is 704 cm3, find the total surface area of the cylinder.
Solution. Since the radius and the height of a cylinder are in the
ratio 2 : 7, let r (radius)
= 2k cm, then h (height) = 7k cm.
Volume of the cylinder = Ttr2h
_ 22 x (2k)2 x 7k = 704
7 (given)
88k3 = 704 =8 k = 2.
Radius of cylinder = 2k cm = 4 cm and
height of cylinder = 7k cm = 14 cm.
Total surface area of the cylinder = 2Ttr(h + r)
22
— x 4 x (14 + 4) cm2
7
176
= x 18cm2 = 3168cm 2 = 452— cm 2.
7 7 7
Example9, The total surface area of a circular cylinder
is 462 cm2.If its curved surfacearea
is one-third of its total surface area, find the volume
of the cylinder.

404 UNDERSTANDING
ICSE MATHEMATICS-X
 Letthe radius of the circular cylinder be r cm and its height be h
cm.
Totalsurface area = 462 cm2 (given)
x 7tr2= 462
2nrh+ 2 = 1 of total surface area
curved surface area
3
Given,
x 462
2rtr11 3

2r,r11 154 ..(il)

this value of 27trhin (1),we get
substituting
= 462
154 + 2nr2
22 = 308
7
49 -s r = 7.
this value of r in (ii), we get
substituting
x 7 x h = 154 44h= 154 h= Z
7 2
22
of the cylinder = Ttr2h_— — x 72 x Z cm3 = 539 cm3
Volume
amle 10 The adjoining figure shows the frame of a lampshade
whichis to be covered with a decorative cloth. The frame has a
basediameter20 cm and height 30 cm. A margin of cm is to be
givenfor folding it over the top and the bottom of the frame. Find
howmuchcloth is required for covering the frame.
Radius of frame =
Solution. —x 20 cm = 10 cm, height of frame = 30 cm.
height of cloth = height of frame + 2 margins of 26 cm each
Actual
= (30 + 2 x 2•5)cm = 35 cm.
Thearea of cloth required to cover the frame
2 x — x 10 x 35 cm2 = 2200 cm2.

Example 11.It costs <2200 to paint the inner curved surface of a cylindrical tank 10 m deep.
Iftherate of painting is <20 per m2, find
(i)the inner curved surface area of the tank
(i!)the radius of the base
(iil)capacityof the tank in kilolitres.
Solution.
(i)As the cost of painting the inner curved surface of the cylindrical tank at the
rateof (20 per m 2 is < 2200,
2200
Inner curved surface area = m 2 = 110 m 2.
20
(ii) Curved surface area = 27trh
22
2x —
7 x rx 10 = 110 r = —
7
r = 1•75 m
4
(iii)Capacity of the tank = Ttr2h
2
22 7
7 4
x 10 m3 = 9625 m 3 = 9625 kilolitres.
1 m3 = 1000 litres = 1 kilolitre)
A cylindrical container is to be made of tin sheet. The height of the container
isI m and its diameter is 70 cm. If the container is open at the top and the tin sheet
costs000 per m2, find the cost of the tin sheet for making the container.

Mensuration 405
 —1 m and
—
Solution. Height of circular cylinder
35 7
cm = 35 cm = m
its radius = of 70 100 20
for making the container
The area of the tin sheet required
base
= curved surface area + area of
= 27tr11+ ltr2 = ltr (2h + r)
2= 11 47
2
10 20 m
container
The cost of the tin sheet for making the
11 47
10 20
Example13. The sum of the radius of base and height of a right circular cylinder
If the total surface area of the solid cylinder is 1628 sq. cm, find
is
37 cm. the volumeof
the cylinder.
Solution Let the base radius and height of the right circular cylinder be r cm and h
cm
respectively,then
r + h = 37 (given)
2
Total surface area of cylinder = 2Ttrh+ 2Ttr
= 2Ttr(h + r) = 1628
(given)
22
2x — x rx 37 = 1628 (using (i))
7
44
7
From (i), 7 + h = 37 h = 30.
Volume of cylinder = Ttr2h -— —x7 2x30 cm3

= (22 x 7 x 30) cm3 = 4620 cm3.

Example 14, A cylindricalwater tank of diameter m and height m is being fed by a
pipe of diameter 36 cm through which water flows at the rate of 2 m/s. Calculatethe
time it takes to fill the tank.
Solution. Radius of water tank = —x m = 70 cm.
2
Height of water tank = m = 210cm.
Volume (capacity) of water tank = Ttr2h
22
x (70)2 x 210 cm3 = (22 x 700 x 210) cm3 .
7
1 x 35 cm = Z
Radius of water pipe = —
2 4
Length of water delivered by the pipe in one sec = 2m = 200 cm.
Volume of water delivered by the pipe in one sec = Ttr2h

7 x 200cm3 = (77 x 25) cm3.

Time consumed by the water pipe in filling the water tank
22 x 700 x 210
sec = 1680sec
77 x 25
1680
minutes = 28 minutes.
60

406 UNDERSTANDINGICSE MATHEMATICS-X

 A metalpipe has a bore (internal diameter) of 5 cm. The pipe is 2mm thick
I Findthe weight in kilogram, of 2 metres of the pipe if 1 cm3 of the metal
77 g. 1 x 5 cm = 5
$t'ighs (r) of the pipe =
Internal radius 2 2
= 2 1
pipe all round = 2 mm
thicknessof the 10 5
Ille
(R) of the pipe =
Externalradius 10
= 200 cm.
of the pipe = 2 m
Length the metal = (R2 —r2) h
The volume of
22 27 5 2
x 200 cm3
7 20 2
22 27 5 27 5
x 200 cm 3
7 10 2 10 2

— —x —x —x 200cm3 = 88 x 52
22 52 2 3
7 10 10 7
weighs g,
Since1 cm3of metal
88 x 52 x
theweight of the pipe = 7
7-7 g

88 x 52 x 77
= 5-0366 kg.
7 x 10 x 1000
14,The differencebetween the outer and the inner curved surfaces of a cylinder
Example
14cmlongis 88 cm2.Find the outer and the inner radii of the cylinder, given that the
volumeof the metal is 176 cm3.
Letthe outer and the inner radii of the cylinder be R cm and r cm respectively.
Solution.
Lengthof the cylinder = 14 cm (given).
Outercurved surface = 2TtRh = 2TtR X 14 cm 2 = 28TtR cm 2.
Inner curved surface = 2Ttrh= 2Ttr X 14 cm2 = 28Ttr cm 2.
Accordingto the given data,
28TtR —28Ttr = 88
28 x (R - r) = 88

Volumeof the metal = It (R2 —r2)h

= Tt(R + r) (R —r) 14 cm 3
= 14T (R + r) x 1 cm (using (i))
= 147t(R + r) cm3
Accordingto the given data,
147t(R + r) - 176
14 x 2? (R + r) = 176
4 ...(ii)
Adding(1)and (ii), we get

2-5
2
From (ii),
- = 1-5
Outer radius =
cm and inner radius = cm.

Mensuration 407
 total surface area of a hollow metal cylinder, open at both ends, of
Example-ILThe 10 cm is 3387tcm2. Taking r cm to be inner radius, writeexternal
height
radius 8 cm and thickness of the metal
in the cylinder. down
equationin r and use it to find the
an = R = 8cm and its height = h --
External radius of hollow cylinder -- 10 cm.
S91wti-qn-, (27tRh+ 27trh + 27t(R2 r2)) cm2
Total surface area =
— 27tlh(R + r) + (R2 -- 12)1cm2
2
27t(R+ r)(h + R— r) cm
2
—271(8+ r)(10 + 8 r) cm
2
= 27t(8+ r)(18 —r) cm
According to given,
27t(8+ r)(18—r) = 338n
169
144 + IOr-r 2 = 169
12-10r+25=
Internal radius = 5 cm.
Thicknessof metal in the cylinder = (8 —5) cm = 3 cm.

Exercise 17.1
22, unless stated otherwise.
= —
Take
1. Find the total surface area of a solid cylinder of radius 5 cm and height 10 cm. Leave
your answer in terms of lt.
2. An electric geyser is cylindricalin shape, having a diameter of 35cm and height 1-2m.
Neglecting the thickness of its walls, calculate
(i) its outer lateral surface area,
(it) its capacity in litres.
3. A school provides milk to the students daily in cylindrical glasses of diameter 7 cm.
If the glass is filled with milk upto a height of 12 cm, find how many litres of milkis
needed to serve 1600students.

4. In the given figure, a rectangular tin foil of size 22cm

by 16 cm is wrapped around to form a cylinder of
height 16 cm. Find the volume of the cylinder. 22cm

5. (i) How many cubic metres of soil must be dug out to make a well 20metresdeep
and 2 metres in diameter?
(ii) If the inner curved surface of the well in part (i) above is to be plastered at the
rate of <50 per m2, find the cost of plastering.
6. A roadroller (in the shape of a cylinder) has a diameter m and its width is m.
Find the least number of revolutionsthat the roller must make in order to levela
playground of size 120 m by 44 m.
7. (i) If the volume of a cylinder of height 7 cm is 448 Ttcm3, find its lateral surface
area and total surface area.
(ii) A wooden pole is 7 m high and 20 cm in diameter. Find its weight if the wood
weighs 225 kg per m3.

408 ICSE MATHEMATICS-X

UNDERSTANDING
 erenceof the base of a cylindrical vessel is 132cm and its height is 25 cm.
d the
of the cylinder.
(l) radius cylinder (2018)
volumeof the
the curved surface of a cylinder is 4400 cm2, and the circumferenceof its
of
Illearea cm. Find
baseis 110
the height of the cylinder
(t)
the volume of the cylinder.
(it)
cylinder ha
s a diameter of 20 cm. The area of curved surface is 1000 cm2. Find
10. of the cylinder correct to one decimal place.
(l) the height
cylinder correct to one decimal place. (Take Tt= 314)
the volume of the
fountain pen, cylindrical in shape, is 7 cm long and 5 mm in diameter.
11.Thebarrelof a ink in the pen will be used up when writing 310 words on an average.
Afullbarrelof
would use up a bottle of ink containing one-fifth of a litre?
Howmanywords
the nearest 100 words.
Answercorrect to
Find the ratio between the total surface area of a cylinder to its curved surface area
112.
giventhat its height and radius are cm and 35 cm.
13.Theradiusof the base of a right circular cylinder is halved and the height is doubled.
Whatis the ratio of the volume of the new cylinder to that of the original cylinder?
radius and the height of a cylinder is 37 cm and the total
14. (i)The sum of the cylinder is 1628cm2. Find
surfacearea of the the height and the volume of the
cylinder.
(ii)Thetotal surface area of a cylinder is 352 cm2.If its height is 10 cm, then find the
diameterof the base.
15.Theratiobetween the curved surface and the total surface of a cylinder is 1 : 2. Find
thevolumeof the cylinder, given that its total surface area is 616 cm2
,16.Twocylindricaljars contain the same amount of milk. If their diameters are in the ratio
3 : 4, find the ratio of their heights.
17.Arectangularsheet of tin foil of size 30 cm x 18 cm can be rolled to form a cylinder in
twowaysalong length and along breadth. Find the ratio of volumes of the two cylinders
thus formed.
18.Acylindricaltube open at both ends is made of metal. The internal diameter of the tube
is 11•2cm and its length is 21 cm. The metal thickness is cm. Calculate the volume
of the metal.
19
. Aleadpencilconsistsof a cylinder of wood with a solid cylinder of graphite filled in
the interior.The diameter of the pencil is 7 mm and the diameter of the graphite is
I mm.If the length of the pencil is 14 cm, find the volume of the wood and that of
the graphite.
20•Acylindricalroller made of iron is 2 m long. Its inner
diameter is 35 cm and the thickness
is 7 cm all round. Find the weight of the roller in kg, if 1
cm3 of iron weighs 8 g.
17.3SURFACEAREA AND
VOLUME OF A CONE
Cone

solidObtainedby revolvinga right angled triangular lamina about any side (other than the
hypotenuse)
is called a right circular cone.

Mensuration 409
 in the adjoining figure is a right circular cone.
The solid shown and a circular base.
A (V
ErrEX)
has a vcrtcx
(t) A cone base is called the radius of the cone.
of circular
(it) The radius circular base and the
The distance between the centre of the
(iil) height of the cone.
vertex is called the
The distance between the vertex and any point on the circular
(iv)
is called the slant height of the cone.
base
centre of the circular base and the vertex
(v) The line joining the
the cone. RADIUS
is called the axis of

Hollow Cone
folded to make the two radii coincide, the surface so formedis a
If a sector of a circle is
hollow right circular cone. VERTEX

ARC

We note the following:

(O The vertex of the cone is the centre of the circle.
(ii) The slant height of the cone is equal to the radius of the circle.
(iii) The circumference of the circular base of the cone is equal to the length of the arc of the sector.
(iv) Curved surfacearea of the cone is equal to the area of the sector.
In this book, we shall be dealing only with right circular cones. Therefore, wheneverwe
use the word 'cone',it will mean right circular cone.

Slant height of a cone

Let r be the radius of the cone, h be its height and I be the slant height.
In AAOB, ZAOB = 900. By Pythagoras theorem, we get
AB2 = 0B 2 + OA2
12 = 12 + h2 =
Hence,slant height of a cone
o
Surface area of a right circular cone
To find the curved (lateral) surface area of a cone, perform the following activity:
Take a hollow right circular cone made up of chart paper. Let r be the radiusOfthe
base of the cone, I be its slant height and A be the vertex (as shown in fig. (i)).Takea
a
point P on its circularbase and cut it along AP and open it. We will obtain a sectorOf
circle (as shown in fig. (ii)). Note that radius of circle = I and the length of arc Ofsector
= circumferenceof circular base of cone = 2Ttr.
4

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

410 ICSE MATHEMATICS-X

UNDERSTANDING
 equal pieces (use paper folding) and further one piece (out of these
thesectorinto 8
eces)into two equal pieces (as shown in fig. (iil)) and paste all these pieces on a page
notebookas shown in fig. (iv)).
ofyour we will obtain a rectangle.
roximately,
of rectangle= —
2
(length of arc of sector)
Length
1
— X 2Ttr
2
= Ttrand breadth of rectangle = l.
= length x breadth = 7tr x I = Ttrl.
Areaof rectangle
Thus,
the curved surface area of a cone = area of sector = area of rectangle = Ttrl.
Hence, curvedsurface of the cone = Ttrl.
Totalsurfacearea of cone = curved surface area + area of circular base
= Ttrl+ Ttr2 (l + r).
Hence, total surface area of cone = Ttr(l+ r).

Volumeof a cone
Tofindthe volume of a cone, perform the following
activity:
Takean open cone of radius r and height h, and
a cylinderwith open top of radius r and height h i
(asshown in fig. (i)). 1

Fillthe conewith sand upto brim and pour it into

thecylinder.Note that the sand fills up only a part (i)
ofthe cylinder (as shown in fig. (ii)).
Fillthe cone once again with sand upto the brim and pour it into the cylinder. Note that
thecylinderis still not full (as shown in fig. (iii)).
Fillthe coneonce again with sand upto the brim and pour it into the cylinder. Note that
theconeis completelyemptied into the cylinder and the cylinder is full upto the brim
(asshown in fig. (iv)).

(ii) (iii) (iv)

so,we observethat it needs three full pourings of sand from
the cone into the cylinder
to fill it completely. It follows that:

Thevolumeof a cone = — 1
of the volume of a cylinder of same radius and same height
3
1 1
— x Ttr2h = —Ttr2h.
Hence,the volume of cone 1
of radius r and height h = — Ttßh.
3

Mensuration 411
 Illustrative Examples
surface area of a cone, if its slant height is 21 cm and
Example1, Find the total diameter
of its base is 24 cm.
1
= a—x 24 cm = 12 cm, slant height = 21 cm
Solution. Base radius of cone 2
22
Total surface area of cone = ltr(l
+ r) = —x 12 x (21 + 12) cm2
7
22 8712
= — x 12 x 33 cm2
7 = 1244 4 cm2.
7 7
canvas is required for a conical tent whose
Example2, How many square metres of height
is 35 m and the radius of the base is 12 m?
7
height of cone = h = 35 m = — m and radius of base = r = 12
Solution.Here, 2 m.
Let I metres be the slant height of the cone, then
49 625 25
+ 122 - —+144 =
4 4 2
Note that a tent has only curved surface (the floor of a tent is not covered by canvas).
Areaof canvasrequiredfor a conicaltent = curved surface area of the cone
22 25 2 3300 m 2 = 47143m 2
= Ttrl= — x 12 x — 7 (approx.)
7 2
Example3. The height and the slant height of a cone are 21 cm and 28 cm respectively.
Find the volume of the cone.
Solution.Given height of cone = h = 21 cm and slant height = 28 cm.
As + 72= p 212+ r2 = 282
r2 = 282 —212 = 343 r=7 cm.
1 22
Volume of cone = —Ttr2h = —x — x (7$) 2 x 21 cm3 = 7546 cm3.
7
Example4. The total surface area of a right circular cone of slant height 13 cm is 90Ttcm
2.
Calculate :

(1)its radius in cm.

(it) its volume in cm3. Take Tt = 31416
Solution.Let r be the radius, h be the height and I be the slant height of the given cone,
then I = 13 cm (given).
(i) Total surface area = Ttr(l + r) = Ttr(13 +
r) I = 13 cm)
According to the given data,
7tr(13 + r) = 13r+r 2 = 90
r2 + IT -90=0 (r-5) (r + 18) = O
r —5=0 or r +18=0
or r = —18but r cannot be negative.
The radius of the cone = 5 cm.
Since I = r2 + 12 r2 + 112
112= 12 _ r2 _
—(13)2 —52 = 169 - 25 =
144
h = 12 cm.
The volume of the cone = 1 2 1
— Ttr h x 31416 x 52 x 12 cm3
3 3
= 314•16cm3
412 UNDERSTANDING
ICSE MATHEMATICS-X
 a right circular cone is 9856cm3. If the diameter of the base is
Thevolume of
'J+find (ii) slant height of the cone
ight of the cone
$ 011'
he ed surface area of the cone.
curv
(iil) cm be the height of the cone.
(l)LetIt
x 28 cm = 14 cm.
of base 2
Radius
1 x 142x h = 9856 (given)
volume 7

of the cone = 48 cm.

Hence,the height
= 12 + r 2 48 2 + 142 cm = cm = 50 cm.
(il) Slant height
—
Curved surface area = r,rl - —x 14x 50 2200 cm 2.
(iil)
is to accommodate 77 persons. Each person must have 16 m3 of
le 6 A conical tent
Given the radius of the tent as 7 m, find the height of the tent and also
air to
surface area. (2017)
itscurved
luion Sincethe conical tent is to accommodate 77 persons and each person required
to breathe,
16m3of air
the volume of air inside conical tent = (77 x 16) m3
tent = 7 m.
Radiusof base of conical
Leth metresbe the height of the cone (conical tent). Then,
volumeof cone (formed by air inside conical tent) = 3 - (7)2 x h
1
3
to the problem,
According
-x
1
22 x 7 x h = 77 x 16 = 24.
3
Theheight of cone (conical tent) = 24 m.
LetI metresbe the slant height of the conical tent, then
12= h2+ r2 12= 242 + 72 = 576 + 49 = 625
= 25.
area of conical tent = curved surface area of cone = Ttrl
Surface
—x 7 x 25 m 2 = 550 m 2.

Example
7. A cloth having an area of 165 m2 is shaped in the form of a conical tent of
radius 5 m.
(l)How many students can sit in the tent if a student, on an average, occupies
5
—
7
m2 area on the ground?
(it)Find the volume of the cone.
Solution2
(1)Radius of the cone = r = 5 m.
550
Floor area of the tent = Ttr2 = 22 x 5 2 m 7
2
7
Let n be the number of students.
As each student, on an average, occupies area,

Mensuration 413
 5 = 110.
of students = 110.
Hence, the number
height and h metres be the height of the cone.
be the slant
(it) Let I metres of the tent area of cloth
The curved area
7trl = 165 (given)
21
22
2
7
112+ 5 2
2 + r2, so
As 12 = 11
341
441 — = 341 h -
112 =
25 4 2
4
1 341 3
—7tr2h = x x 52 x
Volume of cone = 3 3 2

241-8 m 3 (approx.)

a piece of canvas whose area is 551 m2. She uses it to make a conical
Example8, Monica has
base radius of 7 m. Assuming that all the stitching margins and the Wastage
tent with a
while cutting, amounts to approximately 1 m2, find the volume of the tent that
incurred
can be made with it. be the height of the cone.
height and h metres
Solution.Let I metresbe the slant
Base radius of cone = 5 m.
= 1m .
Total area of canvas = 551 m2, wastage
—1) m2 = 550 m2.
The actual area of the conical tent = (551
cone = Ttrl
Now area of tent = curved surface area of
22
— x 7 x I = 550 I= 25.
7
Also 12 = + 12 252 = 112 + 72 2 = 625 —49 = 576
11
h = 24.
1 1 22
The volume of the conical tent = —Ttr2h = — x — x 72 x 24 m 3
3 3
= (22 x 7 x 8) m 3 = 1232 m 3.

Example9. The volume of a conical tent is 1232 m3 and the area of the base flooris
154 m2. Calculate the:
(i) radius of the floor. (ii) height of the tent.
(iii) length of the canvas required to cover this conical tent if its width is 2 m.
Solution. (i) Let r metres be the radius of the base of the conical tent, then area of the base
floor = Ttr2 m 2

Ttr2 = 154 (given)

22
— x = 154 = 49 r = 7.
7
Hence, the radius of the floor = 7 m.
(ii) Let h metres be the height of the conical tent, then
the volume of the tent
1
= —7tr 2h m 3
3

414 UNDERSTANDING MATHEMATICS-X

 Ttr2Jl
1232 (given)
3 1232 x 3
1 x 22 x 72 x h = 1232 h=
22 x 7 = 24.
height of the tent = 24 m.
Hence,the
I metre s
be the slant height of the conical tent, then
(iil) Let 2 242 + 7 2 = 25.
The area of the canvas required to make the tent
curved surface area of the conical tent
22
2= x 7 x 25 m 2 = 550 m 2
ltrlm 7
canvas = 2 metres (given)
Thewidth of the
area 550
length of the canvas = =— m = 275m.
The width 2
Hence,the length of the canvas required to make the tent = 275 m.
(i) A right triangle ABC with sides 5 cm, 12 cm and 13 cm is revolved about
the volume of the solid so obtained.
theside12cm. Find
find
(it)If the triangle ABC in part (i) above is revolved about the side 5 cm, then
the volume of the solid so obtained. Also find the ratio of the volumes of the two
solids.
(i) When the triangle ABC is revolved about the side 12 cm, then it generates a
solution.
rightcircularcone of radius 5 cm and height 12 cm.
Volume of solid (cone) = —Ttx 52 x 12 cm3 = 1007tcm3
3
Whenthe triangle ABC is revolved about the side 5 cm, then it generates a right
circularcone of radius 12 cm and height 5 cm.
Volumeof solid (cone) = —Ttx (12)2 x 5 cm3 = 240T cm3.
1
3
1007t 5
Ratio of their volumes = 240Tt - 12
= 5 : 12.

11.The height of a cone is 40 cm. A small cone is cut off at the top by a plane
Example
parallelto its base. If its volume be — of the volume of the given cone, at what height
1
64
abovethe base is the section cut?
LetOABbe the given cone of height 40 cm and base
Solution. o
radiusR cm. Let this cone be cut by the plane CND (parallel
tothebase plane AMN) to obtain the cone OCN with height
h cm and base radius r cm. c
Then AOND AOMB.
h
R - 40
Accordingto given,
volume
ofconeOCD —
— x volume of cone OAB
64
1
—Ttr2h—
- X 40
3 64 3
5 5
(using (i))

Mensuration 415
 40x40x5
113= = 1000 -4 h = 10.
8
The height of the cone OCD = 10 cm.
The section is cut at the height of (40 —10) cm i.e. 30 cm from the base.
Example12. A cone of height 24 cm has curved surface area 55()cm2. Find its volume.
Solution.Let r cm be the radius of the base, I cm be the slant height and h cm be the height
of the cone.Then, curved surface area of the cone = Ttrlcm2.
2
Given, curved surface area = 550 cm
7trl = 550

Ttr r2 +112 — r +112)

22
— x x r2+ 242 = 550 x r2 + 576 = 25 x 7
7
r2(r2+ 576) = 252 x 72 (squaring both
sides)
+ 576B- 25 2 x 72 = O
+ 625r2- 49r2 - 625 x 49 = O
r2(r2+ 625) 49(r2+ 625) = 0
(r2 + - 49) = O but + 625 O
12_ 49 = 0 12= 49 r=7
1 2 cm3 — 1 22 x 72 x
Volume of the cone = —Ttr
h — —x— 24 cm 3
3
= (22 x 7 x 8) cm3 = 1232 cm3
Example13. A semi-circularsheet of metal of diameter 28 cm is bent to form an opencone.
Find:
(i) the radius of the cone.
(ii) the surface area of the cone.
(iii) the volume of the cone.
Solution Given diameter of semi-circular sheet = 28 cm,
radius of semi-circular sheet
14 cm
= —x 28 cm = 14 cm.
(12
Length of the arc of the semi-circularsheet
1
— X 27tr = Ttr
2

= — x 14 cm = 44 cm
(1)Let r cm be the radius of the cone, then
2Ttr= 44 22 x r = 44
2X — 7.
7
(ii) The (curved) surface area of the cone = area of semi-circular sheet
1
— 1 —x
x Ttr2= —x 22
(14)2 cm2
2
11
= 7
x 14 x 14 cm2 = 308 cm2.
(iii) Slant height of the cone = radius of semi-circular sheet = 14 cm.
Let h cm be the height of the cone, then
12= 112+ r2 142 = 112+ 72

416 ICSE MATHEMATICS-X

UNDERSTANDING
 196 .....49 = 147 h=
r,r2h
1
volume of cone = —
The 3
22
- -x —x 72 x 76 cm3 = 10780
(13 7 3

Exercise17.2
22 unless stated otherwise.
7

%find the curved surface area of a right circular cone whose slant height is 10 cm and
is 7 cm.
baseradius
2.Diameterof the base of a cone is 10•5cm and slant height is 10 cm. Find its curved
surface area.
3.curvedsurface area of a cone is 308 cm2 and its slant height is 14 cm. Find
(D radius of the base (it) total surface area of the cone.
of the right circular cone with
4. Findthe volume
(l) radius 6 cm and height 7 cm (it) radius 35 cm and height 12 cm.
.5.Findthe capacity in litres of a conical vessel with
(1)radius 7 cm, slant height 25 cm (ii) height 12 cm, slant height 13 cm
6.Aconicalpit of top diameter 35 m is 12 m deep. What is its capacity in kilolitres?
If the volume of a right circular cone of height 9 cm is 487tcm3, find the diameter of
...7.
its base.
J. Theheight of a cone is 15 cm. If its volume is 1570cm3,find the radius of the base.
(Use = 3-14)
9. Theslant height and base diameter of a conical tomb are 25 m and 14 m respectively.
Findthe cost of white washing its curved surface area at the rate of {210 per 100 m2.
-10.Aconicaltent is 10 m high and the radius of its base is 24 m. Find:
(i) slant height of the tent.
(it) cost of the canvas required to make the tent, if the cost of 1 m2 canvas is {70.
Il. AJoker'scap is in the form of a right circular cone of base radius 7 cm and height
24cm.Find the area of the cloth required to make 10 such caps.
42. (a) The ratio of the base radii of two right circular cones of the same height is
3 : 4. Find the ratio of their volumes.
fb•)The ratio of the heights of two right circular cones is 5 : 2 and that of their base
radii is 2 : 5. Find the ratio of their volumes.
(c) The height and the radius of the base of a right circular cone is half the
correspondingheight and radius of another bigger cone. Find •
(i) the ratio of their volumes.
(it) the ratio of their lateral surface areas.
13• Find what length of canvas 2 m in width is required to make a conical tent 20m in
diameterand 42 m in slant height allowing 10% for folds and the stitching. Also find
the cost of the canvas at the rate of per metre.
Theperimeter of the base of a cone is 44 cm and the slant height is 25 cm. Find the
volumeand the curved surface of the cone.
15•Thevolume of a right circular cone is 9856 cm3 and the area of its base is 616 cm2
Find

Mensuration 417
 (i) the slant height of the cone.
(it) total surface area of the cone.
16. A right triangle with sides 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm is revolved about the side
the volume and the curved surface of the cone so formed. (Take = 3.14) 8 cm.
Find
17. The height of a cone is 30 cm. A small cone is cut off at the top by a
plane parallel
e be —- of the volume of the given cone, at what
height above
base is the section cut? the
18. A semi-circularlamina of radius 35 cm is folded so that the two
joined together to form a cone. Find • bounding
radiiare
(i) the radius of the cone. (it) the (lateral) surface
area of the
cone.
17.4 SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF A SPHERE
Sphere
If a circle is revolved about any of its diameters, a (hollow)
sphere is generated. RADIUS

(i) The centre of the circle revolved is called the centre

of the sphere.
(it) The radius of the circle revolved is called the radius
of the sphere.
Thus, a sphere is a three dimensionalfigure, which is made up of all
points in space
a constantdistancefrom a fixed point. The constant distance is that lieat
called radius and
the fixed
Solid sphere
A solid obtained by revolving a circular lamina
about any of its
diametersis calleda solid sphere.
(1) The centre of the circular lamina revolved is called
the centre of the sphere.
(ii) The radius of the circular lamina revolved
is called
the radius of the sphere.

Remark
Usually, the word 'sphere' refers to a
solid sphere.

Surface area of a sphere

To find the surface area of a sphere,
perform the followingactivity:
Take a wooden sphere of any
and four circles each of same radius
(equal to radius of sphere). radius
Wrap a
string of uniform cross-section
the help of a nail (fixedin the taking
around the sphere in a spiral sphere)
pattern
without leaving any gap in between
shown
as
in fig.(i).
You may use some
adhesive so that the string may
stick
properly.
(ii)

418 UNDERSTANDING MATHEMATICS-X

 Of equal length. start filling the circles one by one

that the string exactly fills the region of all the four circles and
string is used in both cases and the thickness no string is
$1' the same of the string is uniform,
surface area of the sphere and the region
sincethe
left'
refore,
of four circles are proportional
strings. If follows that:
the e lengths of
surface area of the sphere = area of regions of four circlesof same radius.
radius of the sphere then
if r (units)is the
areaof sphere = 4 x area of region of a circle of radius r
Illus,
urface
a sphere of radius r = 4Ttr2.
thesurfacearea of
Hc,tce,
Volume of a sphere
volume of a sphere, perform the following activity:
Tofindthe
Takea hollowsphere of any radius of negligible thickness and make a hole at the top.
Takean openright circular cone of same radius (as that of sphere) and same height. Fill
theconewith sand upto brim and pour it into the sphere through the hole. Repeat it
fouråmes.
that it need four full pourings of sand from the cone into the sphere to fill
Weobserve
It follows that:
itexactly.
Volumeof a sphere of any radius = 4 x volume of cone of same radius and same height.
if r (units)is the radius of the sphere then
Thus,
volume of sphere = 4 x volume of a cone of radius r and height r
4
— Ttr3.
3 3
4
the volumeof a sphere of radius r =
Hence, 3

Sphericalshells
Thesolidenclosedbetween two concentric spheres is called a
sphericalshell.
LetR and r be the radii of the outer and the inner spheres,
then
(i) thicknessof shell = R —r.
4
(ii) volume of the material = —Tt(R3—1B).
3
Hemisphere
1%ena sphere is cut by a plane passing through its centre, then the sphere is divided
intotwoequal parts. Each part is called a hemisphere.
Letr be the radius of the sphere i.e. of the hemisphere, then
(l) curved surface area 1 (surface area of sphere)
—
2
1 x 41tr
2 = 21tr2.
2
(it) total surface area
= curved surface area + area of circular base
= 27tr2 + 7tr2 = 3Ttr2.
(iii) volume = 1
—(volume of sphere) = 1 X —Ttr3 = —Ttr3.
2 2

Mensuration 419
 shell
O Hemispherical between two concentric hemispheres is called a hemispherical
shell.
The solid enclosed outer and the inner hemispheres, then
radii of the
Let R and r be the
shell = R —r.
(t) thickness of
7t(R2 — r2).
(it) area of base =
surface area = 2TtR2.
(iit) external curved
surface area = 2Ttr2.
(i?) internal curved
27tR2+ 27tr2+ Tt (R2 r2)
(v) total surfacearea =
= (3R2+ 72).
2 13).
of ntaterial = — Tt (R3 —
(VI) volume 3

Illustrative Examples
Example1. Find the surface area and the volume of a sphere of diameter 14 cm.
Solution.Radius of sphere = r = —x 14 cm = 7 cm.
2
Surfacearea of the sphere = 4Ttr2 = 4 x x 72 cm
= (88 x 7) cm2 = 616 cm2.

Volume of the sphere = %tr3 — — x —x 7 cm 3

3 -(34 7
88 x 49 3 4312
cm3 = 1437— cm 3.
3 3 3

Example2. The diameter of the moon is approximately one-fourth of the diameter of the
earth. Find the ratio of their surface areas.
Solution.Let the radius of the moon be r, then its diameter = 2r.
As the diameterof the moon is one-fourth of the diameter of the earth,
the diameterof the earth = 4 x 2r = 8r
radius of the earth = — x 8r = 4r.
2
Surface area of moon = 47tr2 and surface area of earth = 47t x (4r)2 = 64Ttr2,
surface area of moon 4Ttr2 1
•
surface area of earth 647tr2 16
Hence, the required ratio is 1 : 16.
Example3. If a sphere is inscribed in a cube, then find the ratio
of the volume of the cube
to the volume of the sphere.
Solution. Let an edge of a cube be 2a then its
volume = (2a)3= 8a3.
As a sphere is inscribedin the cube, diameter
of sphere = 2a.
Radius of sphere = 1 of 2a = a.
2
Volume of sphere = 4 3
3
Volume of cube 8a 3 6
Volume of sphere 4 3
3
Hence, the required ratio is 6 •

$20 UNDERSTANDING
ICSE MATHEMATICS-X
 Find the total surface area of a hemisphere of radius 10 cm. (Use = 3-14)
Givenradius of hemisphere = r = 10 cm.
surface area
= curved surface + area of base
9 Total
= 2Ttr2 + Ttr2 = 3Ttr2
= (3 x 314 x 102) cm2 = 942 cm2.
A solid sphere and a solid hemisphere have the same total surface areas. Find
of their volumes.
theratio
Let the radius of the sphere be R and that of the hemispherebe r.
area of sphere = 4TtR2,
of hemisphere = 3Ttr2.
totalsurfacearea
41tR2 = 3 Ttr2
According to given,

2
4
- TtR3
Volume of sphere 3
Volume of hemisphere 2
—Ttr3
3
3

(using (i))
2

36
4

Hence,the ratio of their volumes = 3Nfi : 4.

6. A hemispherical bowl is made of steel, 0•25cm thick. The inner radius of the
Example
bowlis 5 cm. Find the outer curved surface area of the bowl.
Radius of outer hemispherical bowl = inner radius + thickness
Solution. 21 cm.
= 5 cm + 025 cm = 525 cm = —
4
2
22 21 693 cm2 = 17325 cm2.
2x x 4 cm
Outercurved surface area = 2Ttr2= 4

7. A hemispherical dome of a building needs to be painted from outside. If the

Example
of the base of the dome is 17•6m, find the cost of painting it at the rate
circumference
of per 100 cm2.
Circumference of base = 2Ttr= 17•6m (given)
Solution.
22 176 14
7 10 5 2
22 x 14
Curvedsurface area of dome = 2Ttr2= 2 x
2
5
1232
1232m2 = —xloox100 cm2
25 ( 25
The cost of painting =
1232
— x 100 x 100 x — = 24640.
( 25 Ito)
A right circular cylinder just encloses a sphere of radius r
(shownin the adjoining figure). Find:
(i) surface area of the sphere
(it)inner curved surface area of the cylinder
(iil)ratios of the areas obtained in (i) and (ii).

Mensuration 421
 Selution. (t) Surface area of sphere = 47tr2
= 2r.
@ Radiusof cylinder = r and its height
Inner curved surface area of cylinder = 2rtrh = 27tr x 2r = 4Ttr2.
:
(m) Ratio of the areas = 47tt2 : 47tr2 = 1 1.
9,
Example solid spheres made of the same metal have weights 5920
Determinethe radius of the larger sphere, if the diameter of
the smaller
Solution,Let the radius of the bigger sphere be r cm, then
4 s
its volume = —7tr
3
3 cm3.
5
Radius of smaller sphere =
1 of 5 cm = — cm
2 2

Volume of smaller sphere = —

3

As the two spheres are made up of same metal, their volumes are proportional
weights,
to their
volume of bigger sphere weight of bigger sphere
volume of smaller sphere weight of smaller sphere

3
5920
3 = 740 125
8

= 125 r = 5.
Hence,the radius of the bigger sphere = 5 cm.
Example10. The volumes of two spheres are in the ratio 64 : 27. Find the ratio
of their
surface areas.
Solution.Let the radii of two spheres be rl and h.
As the ratio of their volumes is 64 : 27,
3
3 4
r2 r2 3
— 7tr2
3
2
47th2 16
Ratio of their surface areas = 9
47tr; r2
Hence, the ratio of their surface area = 16 : 9.
Example11. Whatquantity of milk can a hemispherical bowl of diameter 106 cm hold?
21
Solution. Radius of hemisphericalbowl — — —x 106 cm = — 4
(12
Quantity of milk = — 2 x 22 21 3 4851 3 4851
—x litres
16 16 x 1000
—0•303litres (approx.)
Example 12. A dome of a buildingis in the form of a hemisphere. From inside, it was white-
washed at a cost of u98•96. If the cost of white washing is <2 per square metre,find:
(1)the inside surface of the dome (ii) volume of air inside the dome.
Solution.(i) As the cost of white washingat the rate of per m2 is
the area white-washed = 498-96 m 2 = 249•48
m 2.
2
The inside surface of the dome = 249•48m 2.
22 UNDERSTANPING
ICSE MATHEMATICS-X
 area of dome = 2rcr2
ide surface
22 x 12= 249-8 12 = 39•69 r= m.
2
of air inside the dome —-- 7tr3
Volume 3
= x—x m3 = 523908 m3.

The internal and external diameters of a hollow hemisphericalvessel are

and 21 cm respectively The cost of silver plating of 1 cm2 surface area is (0•40.
14011 total c ost of silver plating the vessel all over.
the 21
find
= —-cm,
External radius 2
14
radius = —- cm = 7 cm.
internal 2
21
area of the vessel 7cm
Totalsurface 12)
(3R2 +

21 21
= It cm2

=—
22
x 7 x 7 —+1 cm2
7

31 77 x 31
= 154 x -— cm cm .
4 2
4
of surface area = = <—
Sincethe cost of silver plating of 1 cm2 10'
totalcost of silver plating the vessel all over
4 = æ477-40
77 x 31 —
2 10
the curved surface of
14.The surface area of a sphere of radius 5 cm is five times
Example
coneof radius 4 cm. Find the height and the volume of cone (take Tt— 7
a
Radius of sphere = 5 cm and radius of cone = 4 cm.
Solution.
of the cone.
Leth cmbe the height and I cm be the slant height
area of cone,
As thesurfacearea of sphere = 5 x curved surface
47tx 5 x (Ttx 4 x l) I = 5.
Since 12= h2 + 12,
52= 112+ 42 112= 25 —16 = 9 h = 3.
Hence,the height of the cone = 3 cm.
1 2h= — 1 22 x 42 x 3 cm3
Volumeof cone — —7tr
3
352 cm3 = 50— cm 3.
7

Exercise 17.3
TakeTt= unless stated otherwise.
7

Findthe surface area and volume of a sphere of radi s 14 cm.

Findthe surface area and volume of a sphere of diam er 21 cm.

Mensuration 423
 sphere of radius 4-9 cm. If the density of the metal is
3. Ashot-put is a metallic 7.8g per
find the mass of the shot-put. cm3
whose surface area is 154 cm2
A. Find the diameter of a sphere
'5. Find
(1) the curved surface area.
(it) the total surface area of a hemisphere of radius 21 cm.
6. A hemisphericalbrass bowl has inner-diameter 10-5 cm. Find the cost of tin-plating
it
-7. The radius of a sphericalballoon increases from 7 cm to 14 cm as air is pumped
into
8. A sphere and a cube have the same surface. Show that the ratio of the volume
: of the
sphere to that of the cube is
9. (a) If the ratio of the radii of two spheres is 3 : 7, find •
(Othe ratio of their volumes.
(ii) the ratio of their surface areas.
(b) If the ratio of the volumes Of the two spheres is 125 : 64, find the ratio of
surface areas. their
to. Find the volume of a sphere whose surface area is 154 cm2
If the volume of a sphere is 179—cm3, find its radius and the surface area.
X. A hemisphericalbowl has a radius of cm. What would be the volume of water
would contain? it
13. The surface area of a solid sphere is 1256cm2. It is cut into two hemispheres.
total surface area and the volume of a hemisphere. Take Tt= 3•14 Findthe