Private library OF

RAYMOND GETTEL,
Shippensburg, P a
Price
.

GIFT OF
Raymond Gettell

THE MODEL WORD BOOK,

No.

3.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY;
CONTAINING

LATIN AND GREEK DERIVATIVES,

WITH A

KEY,
GIVING THE PREFIX, ROOT, AND SUFFIX.

BY

A.

C.WEBB,

AUTHOR OF "THE MODEL ETYMOLOGY," "THE MODEL DEFINER," " HISTORICAL COMPANION," ETC.

PHILADELPHIA
Seventh

ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North

Street.

WEB B'S
MODEL WORD-BOOK
1.

SERIES.

2.

3.

The Model Deflner. The Model Etymology. A Manual of Etymology

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, by

ELDREDGE

&

BROTHER,

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

Manual of Etymology has been prepared in response to a demand for an advanced work, based on
the same principles and presenting the same features as the Model Etymology.

The work is progressive, and is specially adapted to use in the class-room. Commencing with affixes, it carries the pupil,

by easy gradations, through the Latin each word being illustrated by a sentence derivatives,
containing some historical, scientific, or interesting fact. In preparing Part III., which treats of Greek roots

and derivatives,

it

has been the aim of the author to

in teach-

remove those obstacles which long experience ing has shown to exist.

Each division of the subject ends with

a Eeview.

THE KEY
Is a valuable feature of the

work.

It analyzes

every

word about which a doubt could

only the prefix and root, part, the suffix.

arise, and gives not but also that most difficult

iii

M633167

THE IMPORTANCE OF WORDS

AFFIXES

CLASSIFICATION OF THE .ENGLISH

.... .... ....

LANGUAGE
.
.
.

PAGK
5
7

ANGLO-SAXON
LATIN AND GREEK LATIN PRONUNCIATION, BY W. G. RICHARDSON, M.A. ROMAN METHOD OF PRONOUNCING LATIN

9
11

12

THE THE THE THE

.12
.

ENGLISH METHOD OF PRONOUNCING LATIN

CONTINENTAL METHOD OF PRONOUNCING LATIN

15

.16
17
18

USE OF WORDS AID TO COMPOSITION

DEFINITIONS

20

PREFIXES

20-27

REVIEW OF PREFIXES ARRANGEMENT FOR WRITTEN EXERCISES

SUFFIXES

.....
NOTE TO STUDENTS

27-39
39

39-51

REVIEW OF SUFFIXES ARRANGEMENT FOR WRITTEN EXERCISES

ABBREVIATIONS

51-60
60

LATIN DERIVATIVES, WITH A SENTENCE SHOWING THE CORRECT USE OF EACH WORD 61-225

REVIEW OF ROOTS WORDS SELECTED PROMISCUOUSLY FROM THE FlBST ROOT THROUGH EACH SUCCESSIVE TWENTY-FIVE OR FlFTY
ROOTS
225-227
228

GREEK ALPHABET SOUNDS OF THE GREEK LETTERS GREEK PREFIXES

SUFFIXES

229

230
232

GREEK DERIVATIVES REVIEW

233-287
288

290-317
iv

S.

-L

importance of WORDS, in cannot be over-estimated.

all

the processes of education,

Education depends on a knowledge of the meaning and application of WORDS.

of

Knowledge can be imparted and received only by the medium WORDS correctly used and properly understood. The basis of a good education must be laid with WORDS well

chosen, properly arranged, and firmly implanted in the mind. complete Unabridged Dictionary of the English language

contains one hundred and fourteen thousand words; yet it is possible for knowledge to be so contracted and thought so limited that one thousand

words will supply every w^ant. It is assome of the English peasantry do not use more than three hundred words. In our own country, with all our boasted the same adjective deeducation, what poverty of language! scribing qualities totally dissimilar; adverbs conjoined which
serted that

actually contradict each other; stereotyped or even slang expressions betraying utter barrenness generic terms where pre;

cision

demands

specific

and,

still

more

frequently, special

definite appellatives to express general ideas

and which can be con-

veyed only by generic terms. in good society, cannot talk

Many
five

intelligent persons,

moving

minutes without betraying a lamentable ignorance of so-called synonyms, an utter lack of discrimination in the choice of words, a misapplication of terms and a poverty of speech, strangely contrasting with the material wealth of their surroundings.

No

matter of whom, or of what, a

man

speaks, the one thing

1*

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
is

that he reveals in speaking man showed a knowledge of

that

himself.

Therefore the wise

human
is

nature

"He

that shutteth his lips

esteemed a

when he declared man of under-

standing."

A wiser
"

in the declaration,

than Solomon unfolds a till deeper truth By thy WORDS thou shalt be justified, and
shalt be

by thy words thou by a speaker are a

his acquaintance

condemned," for the words used

range of thought, mental and power of analysis.
disci-

sure index of the depth of his knowledge,

literature,

with

pline, habits of discrimination,

familiar
is it

Convinced, then, of the absolute importance of a thorough and knowledge of our language, the question arises, "How
to be taught ?"
its

ary, with

Beside the ponderous Unabridged Dictionone hundred and fourteen thousand words, we lay

the childish task in "definitions," acquired with painful effort,

and frequently forgotten as soon as recited. One hundred and fourteen thousand words! The undertaking seems hopeless.

But here Etymology, with its generalization and analysis, comes It makes the impossible the possible. It takes the task out of the drudgery of mere abstract memorizing, and transforms it into a delightful pursuit. It awakens the perceptive faculties by presenting resemblances and differences it strengthens
to our aid.
;

and judgment to its aid. It invigorates all the powers of the mind, and enlarges its capacity by training it to accuracy and precision in the classification of words. The study of definitions is like the gathering of an armful of crooked and jagged sticks. Each gnarled and knotty limb lies apart from its fellow. The rough edges pierce the flesh and in the attempt to add to our stock we lose those already acquired with such painful effort. But when we study the English language etymologically, we are as one who walks in a lovely garden,
the

memory by

calling reason

to cull its choicest flowers.

Each

step

reveals

new

beauties.
re-

Fresh surprises await us on every hand.

galed and delighted. All the faculties stimulated and roused to active exercise.
side,

The senses are of mind and body

are

Attracted on every from flower-bed to flower-bed, gathering here a blossom and there a bud, constantly adding to our stock new treasures and new beauties. So with the student of Etymology. He is charmed with the novelty, delighted with fiv-li acquisitions of knowledge, and satisfied in the consciousness that faithful labor will be rewarded by a thorough knowl-

we go

on, unweariedly,

WORDS.
edge of the language. While it hundred thousand words, it is
is

true that there are over one

that the key to the meanings of a large portion of them is found in a few Root Words, not numbering probably one thousand.* Facio, factum, to make, to do, enters into the composition of six hundred words. By the aid of affixes, not less than three thousand words are derived from ten easy roots. FACIO, I make. CAPIO, I take.
also true

GBAPHO,
MITTO,
SEDEO,

I write.

LOGOS, reason, discourse, science.

I send. I sit.

PONO,

I put, I place.

SISTO, I stand.

VERTO, I turn. TEAHO, I draw. A knowledge of the small number of Root Words gives us a conception of the wonderful formative and modifying power of
affixes.

AFFIXES.
THE
causes
richness and diversity of the English language result from

The language has reached its high by development from within and not by accretions and additions from without. The words borrowed from foreign languages, and incorporated without change, in the Those who English, do not number more than five per cent. have given little attention to the subject, would be astonished at the number of words into which a single prefix or suffix enters.
which are organic.
;

rank by a steady growth

Take, for example, the prefix un, meaning in verbs, to reverse the act of; to deprive of; and in adjectives, the reverse of; not, and

we
its

shall find it

probably in not

less
it

than seven thousand words.

assumes,
as, co, col,

Con, with the various forms

which

com, and

Greek equivalent, syn, probably enters into the composition of We have no means of verifying these calculations, five thousand. for even "Unabridged Dictionaries" do not attempt to give all the " compounds." Our purpose is to show the value of the study
of

Etymology

to all classes of

students

to those

who

are fa-

miliar with Latin

and Greek,

as well as to those
is

whose only

knowledge of these languages

the English.
*

their

etymologic relation to

careful investigation leads to the estimate, that

philologists confidently expect, to three hundred.

The whole number of Root Words is said to be less than five hundred, and by continued research, to reduce the number

8
not

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

less than twenty-five thousand words are formed by the use of ten prefixes, the same number of suffixes form or modify not less than sixteen thousand important words. By the small amount

ments,
is

of study necessary to acquire the meanings of, these thirty elewe obtain a clew to the signification of each of the large
;

number of words of which they are component parts for there no word whose meaning is not better understood by knowing the elements which compose it while in a large number of derivatives, the etymologic is the only true meaning. The analy;

sis

of words reveals fine distinctions and subtle differences, never

perceived by one ignorant of the roots from which they sprung. homely, common flower, under the microscope of the botanist,

discloses delicate tints

careless observer
;

and rare beauties never suspected by the

so a word,

when

seen through the glass of the

etymologist, reveals beautiful

analogies and
tells

remarkable
calls

differ-

ences;

shows diverging and converging

;

associations or national relations

up historic of conquest, or commerce,

lines;

or religious zeal, nay, of ttimes discloses in bold relief the very date when the stock, from which has sprung this beautiful flower, took
root and

became indigenous to our soil. To the uneducated man, a large number

of words have their

synonyms. He is unable to detect any difference between the word and its meaning. Yet the number of words which appealexactly synonymous, might well be taken as a test of a man's knowledge of language. Generally, it will be in inverse ratio to the number of synonyms which exist in his mind. It is doubtful if, in the whole range of the English language, there are two words truly synonymous.
Instruction,

Education.
Destruction.

Demolition,
Eradicate,

Raze,
Dilapidation,
'

Destroy. Pull down.

Kuin.

Dilation,

Expansion.

The
iniirlit

ideas conveyed be cited, serve

by these words, and many others which

as a gauge, a

sure test of the mental

status.

To the

child, first

introduced to one of these words as

a definition of the other, tin-re is no difference between them they are synonymous. To the grown-up children, whose minds have remained stationary while their hodies have grown to the

WORDS.
To instruct and size, these words present no differences. If asked whether educate convey to such a mind but one idea. he wishes his child instructed or educated, he would probably

normal
to

answer, "I do not care which, so that you make a man of him." He cannot conceive the idea, that merely to instruct a child will

never

him

make a man of him. The thing that is pulled down, is to demolished, destroyed, razed, or ruined. All the words preWere you to tell him sent precisely the same mental picture.
word "raze" depicted

that the

to your mind a razor and the he would have grave doubts of your sanity. You tell your gardener to eradicate the wild carrot that disfigures the lawn. He thinks he is obeying your command when he mows them down with his scythe. You have to explain to him the fact that he has only destroyed them that to eradicate act of shaving,
;

a thing

is

to take out the root.

(E, out

radix, radicis, a root

ate, to take.)

CLASSIFICATION OF THE ENGLISH

LANGUAGE.
THE words
1.

of the English language form three classes:

Anglo-Saxon words. Words derived from Latin and Greek. 3. A comparatively small number of words borrowed, often without change, from other nations.
2.

ANGLO-SAXON.
THE first of these, the Anglo-Saxon, is the framework of our u speech. It is what we lovingly call our mother-tongue." ThreeIt comes to fifths of the words of our every-day life are Saxon.
us laden with the richest and dearest gifts mother, father, husband, wife, brother, sister. It has inwoven itself into the warp

and woof of our

life.

None but our dear mother-tongue,

that

lisped in our childish days, tells us of the home, the hearth, the cradle, the thatch, and the roof- tree. Bread and broth, hay

we

and harvest, wheat and oats, calf and cow and corn, the waving bending fir, the wide-spreading elm, the barley and the berry, the plow and the scythe, the open barn-door, with the chaff which the wind driveth away before the thresher's flail, all
grass, the tall

10

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

take us back to the happy household and well-tilled farm of a good, kind,, well-to-do Anglo-Saxon before the Norman had

stamped upon the Angle-Land his Norman-French. He needed not to go to the gay, sprightly Gaul, or the proud Roman of the olden time, to borrow the words in which to embody his choicest thoughts. The manliness of the son, the watchful care of the
little

daughter, the cooing of the baby, the merry trill and laugh of ones, who fill the house with joy, lose none of their loveliness by their home-made garb.
It is this

dear mother-tongue that heaves up a heaven over our

heads, that folds the tiny hands, and teaches the childish lips to " say Our Father which art in heaven." So with all things around us in water and earth and sky. The

day dawns with

stars fade

earliest

blush of
;

away

in the

west

morn the full moon and pale the sun floods the round earth with
;

his golden light; the

let
;

dew

silvery clouds mingle

sparkles in pearly drops on every leafwith those of every hue, and sail on
;

over stream and flood and sea

winter's cold and frost flee

away

at the breath of spring; in the summer's glare, the reaper hies him, for his noontide meal, to the purling brook, and cools his

brow and

its clear waters thunders roll, lightand storm, hail and ice and snow fill up the year, nings but none of these borrow aught of their worth from another tongue. Thus it will be seen that the Saxon is the outcome of our everyday life. Saxon words are short. They do not change. They

slakes his thirst in

flash, rain

are understood by all, because they are needed by all. Both the old and the young, the good and the bad, the high and the low,
are,

and bear in Saxon. We eat and drink, talk and laugh, and give, love and hate, kill and make alive, buy and sell, chafler and chew, blaze and blow, and ask help neither <{' Roman nor Greek, Frenchman nor Spaniard. We can send our ships over the sea, laden with the things that we have made, and then, weary with the long, busy day, at eventide we can sing our own songs, play our merriest games, read the best of and
do,

come and

go, get

is

books, and lie down to health-giving sleep, nor lack or want in our dear old Saxon tongue.*

dream that there

* It would be well for Teachers to call the attention of pupils to the difference in the style produced by the use of Anglo-Saxon words, or by Latin and Greek <lcri\ aiivo. Pupils will be interested in contrasting the small number of I.utin and Greek derivatives in this article, compared to those employed in

" treating of the Latin

and Greek."

WORDS.
.

11

LATIN AND GREEK.

BUT with
discover, as
all

our affection for the language of our infancy,

we

adolescence, that it is totally When we quit the to the exigencies of adult years. inadequate paternal roof, and associate with strangers, novel objects present themselves, and old ones appear under varied and complex forms.

we advance towards

Our range
;

of vision enlarges

itself.

We

attain to a

more elevated

plane, and our horizon is extended; imagination becomes more vivid every faculty, whether mental or physical, is energized and

With everything new without and within, a new and invigorated. So, too, in the nation's totally different language is required.
life.

As the English-speaking people developed into a manhood characterized by intellectual activity, profound research, and inventive genius, a new vocabulary was absolutely necessary. The
influence were constantly diplomatic, commercial, and scientific relations, united the English inseparably with the most cultured

ever-increasing circles of

power and

enclosing

new

words.

As

nations;

as invention

discovery

was but the

stimulated invention, and one wonderful incentive and prelude to another still

more remarkable; as the products of their numerous factories were sent to every mart, there came back in exchange foreign names, terms, and modes of expression. But the English language as it exists to-day, was not produced *by simply borrowing we Is from other languages, and incorporating them without c ange in the vernacular. The transformation was a radical one - the grafting on the old, sturdy, AngloSaxon stock new buds, vhich have taken root, and have grown
:

and blossomed, and frui- od into the richest, most expressive, and most varied language ot the living languages of the globe. This The ingrafting has been principally from the Latin and Greek. language of literary persons, and of authors of non-scientific works, is composed of Saxon and Latin derivatives while the Terminology of the whole range of Science, Art, and Mechanism So small is the Greek eleis formed principally from the Greek.
;

ment

that the special advantages not more than five per cent. of the study of Etymology are First. In its application to that part of the language which is
:

derived from the Latin.

Second.
Third.

To that part derived from the Greek. To the Anglo-Saxon.

12

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

LATIN PRONUNCIATION.
THERE are three modes of pronouncing Latin 1. The Latin; called also the Roman, and by some the Pho:

netic
2. 3.

Method.

The Continental. The English.

On the vexed question of the various modes, General Eaton, the Commissioner of Education, has been collecting facts from every part of the country. The information thus gathered is
embodied and tabulated in a most interesting article from the pen of W. G. Richardson, M. A., Professor of Latin, Central UniWe think we shall confer a favor on the versity, Richmond, Ky. large number of educators who do not see the Report, by giving extracts from the article.
Professor Richardson says,

"So

far as I

have been able to

ascertain, the present prevailing pronunciation in England, namely,

till

the English, does not go back two centuries. In the United States, within the past twenty years, two systems have held nearly equal sway, the advantage being rather with the English system.

But

in the period

advances.

the three.

named, the Latin method has made decided At this time, usage is about equally shared among The world over, nearly all the Latin grammarians

and orthoepists of the last quarter of a century have urged a return to first principles. The Latin has rights of its own and
a demonstrated pronunciation, which should be respected, as in
the case of the sister tongue." Speaking of the Bibliographical List for the Latin Pronunciation, Prof.

Richardson

says,

"America may claim the

credit of

leading this reform, in the person of Prof. S. S. Haldeman, of the University of Pennsylvania. His admirable little treatise is entitled, Elements of Latin Pronunciation, for the use of students
in language, law, medicine, zoology, botany, erally in which Latin words are used."

and the sciences gen-

THE ROMAN METHOD OF PRONOUNCING

VOWELS.
LONG and
of sound.

LATIN.

short vowels generally differ in quantity, not quality

like

is

sounded

our a in father.

LATIN PRONUNCIATION.
g is

13
in
in

French

met, very slightly prolonged,

which Surenne properly represents as our e e is same in quality, differing only

quantity. 1 as i in machine ; I as i in. purity, For # Roby gives dot. o as o in ?w>.

u like oo in moon ; short, like w injfyZZ. y intermediate between i and w. A short vowel rendered long by position, est and esse, is still pronounced short.
ti,

as, for instance, e in

Great care should be taken as to

amatur, amatus.

final

short syllables

e. g.,

esse,

Distinguish fructus and fructus.

DIPHTHONGS.
IN
rapid.
all

these each element

is

heard.

Let the combination be

In rapid utterance, it is nearly our perai, like ay (yes). pronoun of the first person. I is a compound sound made up of ah and ee. au like ow in now. The analysis is ah-oo. The rapid combination is ow in now. ei as in vein, slightly drawled, and not like the English i in time. eu as eh-oo, many give the sound of eu mfeud.
or
sonal
02

or oi like oi in

oil.

ui like French oui ; very nearly our pronoun we.

CONSONANTS.
d,f, h,
l>8

&,

I,

n,p,
7c.

t,

as in English.

like ps.

Thus, urls, corps.

hard

like

g hard, as in give.

always hissing, as in this ; never like z. with the pure sound of t always preserved; thus, natio, nahte-o, and not na-she-o or nah-she-o.
s
ti

v is English w.

ps preserves the sound of both

its

elements, as in psallo.

bearing upon the present situation of the controversy respecting Latin pronunciation, we give extracts from a paper read before the Massachusetts Association of Classical and High School
Teachers, and printed in a recent number of the N. E. Journal The writer, E. R. Humphreys, LL.D., formerly of of Education. 2

As

14

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

Cambridge University, England, addressed letters of inquiry to various classical teachers, as to the methods of pronunciation
used by them. UI may at once say that the new system of pronunciation of Latin does not prevail at all in Oxford, i. e., is in no way publicly
recognized, nor
tutors."
is

it

used by many,

if

indeed by any, of the

Rev. Mandell Oreighton, A. M., recently for several years Dean and Tutor of Merton College, Oxford; now Vicar of Embleton,

England.

"There
of v
is

is,

I think,

gard to the principles of Latin pronunciation

secure from ridicule."

no great difference of opinion here in reeven the w sound

;

Eev. John E. B. Mayor, M. A., Professor of Latin in the University of Cambridge, England.

REMARKS BY
"I BELIEVE that
in

DR. HUMPHREYS.

most points the theory of Latin pronunciation associated with the name of Corssen in Germany, and Roby in England most emphatically excepting, however, the weak Semitic sound of v as w But even if I felt bound is correct.
to assent to every one of the claims,

made by

these advocates

pronunciation, I should still maintain that theory, based to some considerable extent on the law of probabilities, is one thing, and the altering by us of the mode

of the so-called

Roman

of pronunciation of an ancient language, which enters so largely into the structure of our own English, a mode that has prevailed

many centuries, is another and very different thing a thing demanding very careful consideration. It has seemed to me, I confess, all along, that in thus too hastily undertaking to
for so

do justice to ancient Latin, we run the risk of doing great injustice, great injury, to our own modern English-American language, into which the Latin has been constantly insinuating itself for the last three hundred years and more, ever in the garb of what is now termed the old-fashioned English pronunciation.
' '

"But
there
is

in Great Britain, as appears from this correspondence, no probability of the adoption of the new system to any

material extent for a very long period of time, if ever. And in regard to the other countries of Europe, except, perhaps, some

LATIN PRONUNCIATION.
few of the German Universities,
difficult to
I

15

say, that the Latin scholars of those countries

'

do not hesitate a moment to would find it more

understand an American or English Latinist speaking rule than ever they found it to be, even when listening to the old-fashioned English pronunciation. Italian scholars, especially, would deem this new method no less harsh than

by

this

reformed

'

unintelligible.

The most serious point, however, to my mind, is the confusion and injury which, as it seems to me, the sweeping change proposed is likely to produce in the pronunciation, and consequently in the intelligent study, of our own language, which surely deserves The study of the Etymology of our first care and consideration. English I have always found to he a powerful and attractive
means of winning and leading on young minds and hearts, previously averse to learning, to an earnest study, first of their own language, and then of others which enter into its formation, esHitherto, it has not been difficult to make pecially the Latin. clear to young and even dull children the close relationship of

"

English and Latin; but and some of the other

the likeness and

if
4

the hard pronunciation of

and

</,

reforms,' be once generally accepted, connection will only be patent to advanced

Latin scholars. " The

in the

appended tables indicate the usage in pronouncing Latin 237 Universities and Colleges and the 87 preparatory schools

named, as reported by them to the United States Bureau of Education.

" Of the Universities and Colleges, 72 use the Latin or method, 75 the Continental, and 90 the English.,
"

Koman

Of the preparatory

schools, 25 use the Latin, 28 the Conti-

nental,

and 34 the English."

THE ENGLISH METHOD OF PRONOUNCING

1.

LATIN.
it

EVERY word

in Latin

must have
vl'va

as

many

syllables as

has
dies,

vowels and diphthongs; viva

comes, ranceo,

voce, miles, male,

fames, jEdes,

pronounced

vo'ce;

mi'les;

md'le; fa'mes ;

e'des ; di'es ; co'mes ; ran'ce-o.

pronounced hard like "k before a, o, u; and soft like s as cado, pronounced Jca'do ; cte'lum, proy, 02, and nounced se'lum ; cedo, pronounced se'do. 3. Ch is pronounced like k as, chorus, pronounced ko'rus.
2.

C is

before

e, i,

se,

16
4.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

G is

y, &, 03

as, gusto,

pronounced hard before a, 0, u, and soft likvj before e, i, in which g is pronounced as in Augusta ; gero,

pronounced je'ro.
5. When a syllable ends in a consonant, the vowel has the short English sound; as, bellum, pronounced bel'lum. 6. Two consonants in the middle of a word, not proper to begin a word, must be divided as, mille, pronounced mil'le.
;

V.

The diphthongs # and

ce'do.

ce

are sounded like e;

as, csedo,

pro-

nounced

Auis pronounced

as in author, aurum, plau'do.

neuter.

Eu
8.

is

pronounced as in
of

Words

two

syllables are accented

on the

first

as, ager,

pronounced
9.

a'jer.

When

word

of

more than one

;

syllable ends in a, the

should be sounded like ah

10.

as,

musa, pronounced mu'sah.

is

Es, at the end of a word,

ease;
T,
s,

pronounced
iu,

like the English

word
11.

as, miles,

pronounced
ia, ie,

mi'les.

and

c,

before

ii, io,

and

eu,

preceded immedi-

by the accent, in Latin words, as in English, change into sh and zh; as, fa'cio, pronounced fa'sheo ; san'cio, pronounced san'sheo ; spa'Hum pronounced spa'sheum; so'cius, pronounced sd'she-us. 12. In final syllables ending in a vowel, the vowel is long; as,
ately
,

glutio, sacri, servo, cornu,

pronounced glu'she-o,
1

sa'Jcrl, ser'vo, cor'nu.

In final syllables ending in a consonant, the vowel is generally short as, ac'tum, nav'is, no men. In post, reSj and some others,
;

the vowel
13.

is

long.

is

generally pronounced as in sacred;

s final after
e,

as,

sa'cer,

sol,
;

ser'vo ;

but

au,

b,

m,

n, r, is

pronounced

like z

as,

res } frauSj urbs, hi' ems, mens,for8. 14.

15.

X has

its

When two

regular English sound, like Jcs as, rex, lex. consonants, the sounds of which will not coal;

commence a word, the first is generally silent, as, Ptolemy, Oh before a mute consonant at the begintol'e-me. ning of a word is silent; as, Chthonia, pronounced Thonia.
esce,

pronounced

CONTINENTAL METHOD OF PRONOUNCING LATIN.

IN the Latin
is

Grammar
with

dismissed

(p. 7)

this

of Dr. Harkness, the Continental Method remark: "The Continental Method,

as adopted in this country, is almost identical with the except in the pronunciation of the consonants, in which

Eoman, it more

nearly coincides with the English."

WORDS.

17

THE USE OF \VORDS.

ONE of the problems in education, is to determine the method by which pupils are to be taught the correct use of words. From the richness of the English language, which gives many words to the same meaning, and many and diverse meanings to the same word, the proper use of a word cannot be deduced from its meanHow, then, is the knowledge of the use of words to be iming.
parted to children?

and reading.
ing
is

Either by the teacher, or by conversation The knowledge acquired by conversation and read;

and, as it is entirely dependent on the of observation, the impressions are faint and ill-defined, and power the conclusions frequently incorrect.
limited in extent

No teacher would think of teaching Arithmetic by simply imparting the Rules, and then leaving to the child their correct apYet, the practice of Arithmetic might possibly be left plication.
to such teaching, inasmuch as Arithmetic is an exact science based

from which correct reasoning must deduce corBut no reasoning can show to the child, who has learned "Deduce, to draw" that he must not say, "I tried to de" " duce the horse from the stable The or, "Deciduous, falling." deciduous from the window, was killed." The sympathizing boy

on fixed

principles,

rect results.

pupil,

teacher feels acute pain in witnessing the disappointment of the whose industrious and well-meant effort only provoked a

laugh from idle scholars, who made no failure, because they made no attempt. Witness such failures as the following, taken from
school exercises
Incipient,
:

commencing.

We

are incipient to draw.

cogent blow, and the door

Acute, sharp.
flew open.

The razor is acute. Cogent, forcible. The boy gave a

Aperture, opening. next week.

Mrs. A. will have her millinery aperture

These are the errors of untrained children

mistakes of intelligent foreigners,

but the laughable

to

when they attempt

is

use

words according
proposition that

to their

meaning,

conclusive proof of the

give a sentence in which the

The only way by which the use of a word can be taught is to word is correctly used. Even in his vernacular, an educated man would not use a word

2*

18

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

which he had neither seen in writing nor heard from the lips of a good speaker. Take, for instance, Uncial, relating to letters of what intela large size; Intercalate, to insert; Fiduciary, firm,

man would use these words simply because he knew their meaning ? How unjust and useless, then, to demand of an ignorant and untrained child that which no adult can give, namely, the correct use of a word derived from its meaning only.
ligent
illustrative sentences, require children to

by experience of the necessity of procure them at home. But the importance and difficulty of the work demand that it should not be left to the uncertainties of home teaching. The

Some

teachers, convinced

labor involved forbids that this essential part of education should be imposed on the parent. Like Arithmetic, or any other department of knowledge, it should be performed by the teacher in the

time specially set apart for mental training.

The plan adopted

illustrative

in

"The Model Word-Book

is

sentences,

not new.

trate the meaning by a Model. " a u model as well as a description, so a definition or explanation

Series," of giving All good Dictionaries illusJust as the Patent-Office requires

word is not complete without an illustrative sentence. To quote from a good author a sentence containing the word, as proof of its correct use, is the only authority acknowledged by
of a
literary

men.

AID TO COMPOSITION.
in that
tion.

TEACHERS most

will find the sentences a great assistance to pupils

difficult of all

Where Teachers wish

to

composidepartments of education make it an exercise in composition,

they will find

it of great advantage to require pupils to prepare sentences from the models given, excluding all derivatives except

the word assigned. Ex.: " Many who would not DEIGN to notice Columbus

when

he

except to denounce him as a visionary enthusiast, were willing to ennoble him on his return." Many who would not DEIGN to speak to Columbus when he
left Spain,

left

Spain, paid

him great

attention on his return.

simple

trial

form sentences

of the work, either by requiring the pupil to similar to those given, or to memorize the

WORDS.

19

sentences as models for future use, will convince any one of the following

ADVANTAGES TO BE DERIVED FROM THE " MODEL WORD-BOOK" SERIES.

1.

Saving of time.
Increased knowledge of words. Ease to teacher and scholar.

2.
3.

4.
5.

A knowledge of the correct use of words. A knowledge of a large number of facts, commercial,
and
scientific.

his-

torical,
6.

A great help in teaching Composition.

MANUAL

OF ETYMOLOGY.

PART
Etymology
is

I.

DEFINITIONS.
the science which treats of the origin and
as, in,

derivation of words.

A Prefix is

a syllable placed before a root

;

meaning
together,

not, incorrect, not correct

con,

meaning with or

connect, to tie together. Root is the radical or essential part of a act-um in the word act-ion, ann-us in ann-als.

word

as,

A Suffix
tilize, to

is

one who, tenant, one

a syllable placed after a root as, ant, meaning who holds ize, meaning to make, fer;
;

make

fertile.

PREFIXES OF ANGLO-SAXON ORIGIN.

I. 1.

on board
2.

signifies on, in, to, at; afar, at a distance.

;

afield, to

the field;

aboard,

Be

signifies over, to cover ivith, about,

;

daub

over

bemire,

to

cover with mire.

a conjunction, be means by ;

upon; bedaub, to In a preposition or because, by the cause.

20

PREFIXES OF LATIN ORIGIN.

3.
to

21

En, with the form em, signifies in, on, into, to make, put into, to put in, or to put on; enclose, to close in; endear, to make dear embark, to put into a bark.
;

Fore signifies before; forenoon, the part of the day There is another foretell, to tell beforehand. before noon not related to the preceding, which has a negative fore, for, meaning, or it shows that the action was done in a bad sense, as forswear, to swear falsely ; forego, to give up, to resign.
4.
;

5. In,

Im.

See En, Em.

Imbitter,

to

make

bitter.

signifies wrong, erroneous. belief; miscall, to call wrong.

6.

Mis

Misbelief, erroneous

7.

(another)

>

8.

Out signifies beyond, more than ; outbid, to bid more than outlive, to live beyond (something specified). Over signifies too much, too great; overburden, to bur;

den
9.

too

much ;

overload, too great a load.

Un
of,

verse
to

not; unbolt,

signifies to reverse the act of, to deprive of; the reto reverse the act of bolting; uncrown,

deprive of the

crown

unclean, not clean

unjust, the re-

verse of just.

10.

Under signifies

one beneath the

sheriff;

beneath, less than another; under-sheriff, underbid, to bid less than another.

11. With signifies from, against; withdraw, to draw/rom; withstand, to stand against.

II.

PREFIXES
ORIGIN.

OF LATIN
1.

Ab, with the forms* a, abs, signifies from or away. AVERT', (verto, I turn,) to turn away.
ABSOLVE', (solvo, I
loose,) to loose from.

Forms

* Teachers should give a great deal of practice in reciting the "

of the Prefixes, thus
:

A, for Ab, signifies from or away. A, for Ad, signifies to. Cog, for Con, signifies with or together.

22
2.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a, ac, af,

Ad, with the forms

to.

ag,

al,

am, an, ap,

ar,

as, at, signifies

ADHERE',
APPEAR',
ATTEST',

(haereo, I stick,) to stick to. ACCEDE', (cedo, I yield,) to yield to.

(

(testis,

pareo, I am present,) to be present a witness,) to witness to.

to.

ATTRACT', (traho, tractum, to draw,) to draw

3.

to.

Am, with

the forms amb, ambi, signifies round or

I cut or prune,) to cut

about.

AMPUTATE,
or
off.

(puto, I think

round

4. Ante,

with the forms an, ant, ante,

I yield, I

signifies before.
before.

ANTECE'DENT, (cedo,
5.

go away,) going
signifies

Circum, with the

form circu,

around or

about.

CIRCUMVENT', (venio, ventum, to come,) to come around. CIRCU'ITOUS, (eo, itum, to go,) going around. CIRCUMNAVIGA'TION, (navis, a ship; ago, I do, I perform,) going around in a ship.
6. Cis signifies on this side. CIS-ATLAN'TIC, on this side the Atlantic.
7. Con, with the forms co, cog, col, com, cor, signifies with or together. COMPRESS', (premo, pressum, to press,) to press together.

CONVOKE', (voco, I COHERE', (hsereo, I

8.

call,) to call together.

stick,) to stick together.

Contra,

with the forms

to.

counter,

contro,

signifies

against; contrary

COUNTERACT', (ago, actum, to do, to perform,) to act

against.

CONTRADICT', (dico, dictum, to say,) to speak contrary

to.

COUNTERMAND', (mando, mandatum,

to

command,)

to

command

contrary

to.

PREFIXES OF LATIN ORIGIN.

9.

23

De signifies down QIC from. DECLINE', (clino, I bend, I lie down,) to bend down. DEPOSE', (pono, positum, to put, to place,) to put down or

from. DESCEND', (scando, I climb,) to climb down. DESCRIBE', (scribo, I write,) to write down.
10.

Demi

signifies half.
di, dif, signifies

11. Dis, with the forms

asunder, apart,

away;

not.

DIVERGE', (vergo, I bend,) to bend or incline apart. DISTRIB'UTE, (tribuo, tributum, to give,) to give away. DISPEL', (pello, I drive,) to drive away.
Di' VERSE, (verto, versum, to turn,) turned asunder, various.

12.

En

signifies in, on, into; not; to

make.

ENGRAVE', to grave on. ENTOMB', to put in a tomb. EN'EMY, (amicus, a friend,) not a
13. Ex, with the forms

friend.

e, ec, ef, signifies out.

EXCEED', (cedo, I yield, I go,) to go beyond or EXPORT', (porto, I carry,) to carry out. EXPEL', (pello, I drive,) to drive out.

out.

I spread,) to spread out, to enlarge. EMIT', (mitto, I send,) to send out.

EXPAND', (pando,

ERASE', (rado, rasum, to shave, to scrape,) to scrape or rub out.

14.

Extra

signifies beyond.

EXTRAORDINARY, beyond
15. In, with the forms
on, into, not.

ordinary.
il,

ig,

im,

ir,

em, en,

signifies in,

INDUCE', (duco, I lead,) to lead in. INHALE', (halo, I breathe,) to breathe

IMPORT', (porto, I carry,) to carry
in.

in.

IMPLANT', (planto, I plant,) to plant in. INFUSE', (fundo, fusum, to pour,) to pour

into.

24

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

IMPRESS', (premo, pressum, to press,) to press upon. ILLU'MINATE, (lumen, luminis, light,) to put light into. IMMATURE',* (maturus, ripe,) not ripe.
16. Inter, with the forms enter, Intel, signifies between,

among.
INTERCEDE', (cedo, I go,) to go between. INTERPOSE', (pono, positum, to put, to place,) to place
between.

INTERVENE', (venio,

I come,) to

come

between.

17. Intra signifies within.

INTRAMU'RAL, (murus, a wall,) within the walls (of a

city).

18. Intro signifies within.

INTRODUCE', (duco, I lead,) to lead within.

19. Juxta signifies near
of being placed near
to
to.

JUXTAPOSITION, (pono, positum, to put, to place,) the state

(anything).

20. Mis signifies wrong, erroneous.

MISCON'DUCT, (duco, ductum, to lead,) wrong conduct.

21.

Neg for nee signifies not. NEGLECT', (lego lectum, to gather, to

22.

select, to read,) cul-

pable omission.

Non

signifies not.
feel, to

NON'SENSE, (sentio, sensum, to

23. Ob, with the forms
the
o,

think,) not sense.

obs, oc, of, op, OS, signifies in

way, against, out. OBSTRUCT', (struo, structum, to build, to construct,) to

place something in the way. OBTRUDE', (trudo, I thrust,) to thrust in the way.

OPPOSE', (pono, positum, to put, to place,) to place against.

24. Per,
t

with the forms

pel,

pil,

pol,

pur,

signifies

through thoroughly.

*The
not.

prefix in, with the forms ig,

il,

im,

ir,

in adjectives signifies

PREFIXES OF LATIN ORIGIN.

25

PERVADE', (vado, I go,) to go or spread through. PERFORM', (forma, form, beauty,) to form through. PURSUE', (sequor, secutus, to follow,) to follow (through).
25. Post signifies after.

POSTSCRIPT,

(scribo, scriptum, to write,)

something writ-

ten after (the signature).

26. Pre signifies before.

PRECEDE', (cedo, I yield, I go,) to go before. PREDICT', (dico, dictum, to say,) to say before. PRE'FIX, (figo, fixum, to fix,) a syllable placed before a
root.

more than. PRETERNAT'URAL, (nascor, natus, born,) beyond or more than what is natural.
27. Preter signifies beyond, or

28. Pro, with the forms por, pur, pru, signifies for, forth,

forward;

out.

PROCEED', (cedo, I yield, I go,) to go forward. PROCLAIM', (clamo, I cry out, I shout,) to cry out. PROLONG', (longus, long,) to lengthen out. PRO'NOUN, (nornen, a name,) a word that stands for a noun.
PUR'POSE, (pono, positum, to put, to place,) to intend.
29. Re, with the form red, signifies back; again; anew. KECEDE', (cedo, I yield, I go,) to go back.

RECLAIM', (clamo, I cry out,) to call back. RECLINE', (clino, I bend,) to bend back. REFORM', (forma, form, beauty,) to form anew. REPEL', (pello, I drive,) to drive back.
RESPOND', (spondeo, I promise,) to answer back. REVIVE', (vivo, I live,) to live again. REVOKE', (voco, I call,) to repeal, to call back.
30. Retro signifies backward. RET'ROGRADE, (gradior, I go step by step,) to go or backward.
3

move

26

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

31. Se signifies aside, apart.

SECEDE', (cedo, I yield, I go,) to go apart (from a party or denomination). SECLUDE', (claudo, or cludo, I shut,) to shut apart.
32.

Semi

signifies half.

SEM'I-CIRCLE, (circus, a circle,) half a circle.

33. Sine, with the forms sim, sin, signifies without. SI'NECURE, (cura, care,) without care (a situation or office

without employment).
SIM'PLE, (plico, I fold,) without fold
;

artless.

34. Sub, with the forms sn, sue, suf, sug, sum, sup, sur,
sus, signifies under.

SUBSCRIBE', (scribo, I write,) to write (one's name) under. SUBMIT', (mitto, I send,) to send under ; to yield. SUBVERT', (verto, I turn,) to turn under ; to overthrow.

SUCCUMB', (cumbo, I under a difficulty.

SUF'FIX,
(figo,

lie

down,) to
fix,

lie

down

under, to sink

fixum, to

to fasten,) a syllable placed

after a root.

SURREPTI'TIOUS, (raptum, to snatch,) without proper authority.

SUSPEND', (pendeo, I hang,) to hang (under). SUSPECT', (specio, spectum, to look, to see,) to mistrust
to see

under something.

35. Subter signifies under.

SUB'TERFUGE,

(fugio, I flee,)

an evasion

a fleeing under.

36. Super, with the form sur, signifies above, over, more than enough. SUPERNATURAL, (nascor, natus, born,) above the natural.

SUPERFLUOUS,

flowing over; unnecessary. SUPERVISE', (video, visum, to see,) to over see.

37. Trans, with the forms tran, tra, tres, signifies over,

(fluo, I flow,)

through, beyond.

TRANSACT', (ago, actum, to do, to perform,) to do.

REVIEW OF PREFIXES.

27

TRANSFER', (fero, I bear, I carry,) to bear over to another. TRANSPORT', (porto, I carry,) to carry beyond (the sea). TRES'PASS, (passus, a pace, a step,) to step beyond.
38. Ultra signifies beyond.

ULTRAMUNDANE, (mundus,

the world,) beyond the world.

REVIEW OF PREFIXES.
[This exercise is intended to familiarize pupils with the prefixes, and at the same time teach a few of the more important roots. It can be omitted in advanced classes.] There is a great objection to the common practice of invariably giving the definition of a verb in the infinitive mood. Comparatively speaking, this form of the verb is rarely used; and the attempt to force it into sentences, in which the idea would be much more Teachers easily expressed by a finite verb, tends to produce a stiff and awkward style. will find it an excellent exercise to require the meaning both in the infinitive and in the mood and tense used in tlie sentence. This will aid pupils in giving the exact meaning of the verbs that occur in their reading, and will correct the pernicious habit of defining
to

every verb in the infinitive,

no matter what

its

mood may

be.

1. A.' go, I do, I

perform.

Ac'tum,

to do, to perform.

EXACT',

a.

accurate.

TRANSACT', v. to perform. Be very exact when you are

2.

sent to

transact any

business.

Ar'ma,
DISARM',

v.

arms, weapons. to take away the arms.

is

When
3.

a rebel

taken prisoner,

it is

necessary to

disarm

him.

Bel'lum,
REB'EL,
n.

war.

taken prisoner, gun, and other weapons.

is

one When a rebel

who

revolts.
it is

necessary to take

away

his

4.

Bi'ni, two by
COMBINE',
v.

two.

unite.

A
5.

cipher has no value, except

9

we combine
to take.

it

with a

figure.

Ca'pio

I take.
v.

Cap'tum,

INTERCEPT',

to seize

by the way.

EXCEPT', unless (4).*

* A number after a word, refers to the paragraph in which the senThe containing the word is found; thus, Except, unless (4). word " Except" will be found in the sentence under Root 4.

tence

28

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

General Gage found it difficult to provide for the army, as the Americans endeavored to intercept his supplies.

6.

Ce'do,
ACCEDE',
EXCEED',
CONCEDE',

I yield, I go.
v.

Ces'sum,

to yield, to go.

to agree.

v.

admit.
to request in behalf of another.

v.

go beyond.
v.

INTERCEDE',

PRECEDE',
PROCEED',

v. v.

to go before.

go forward.
means
to induce

RECEDE',

v.

to go back.
tried every

Columbus

Queen

Isabella to

accede

to his request. " I do not concede the point, that

you have the right

to tax us,"

said

John Adams. The cotton, wheat, wool, and

oil

that

we

export,

exceed

in value

the silver that

we produce.
is

When

a person

convicted of crime, his friends are sometimes

for his

willing to

intercede

pardon.
as in

The officer ordered the cavalry to precede the infantry. To divide by a fraction, invert the divisor and proceed
multiplication.
It is pleasant to stand

on the shore and see the waves recede.

7.

Cello, I bide. CONCEAL', v. to bide. Columbus was not able

ger in the voyage.

to

conceal

the fact that there

was dan-

8.

Cer'tO,
CONCERT',

I contend, I vie.
in 1781, to

v. to contrive together. Washington held a council of his officers, plan to capture Yorktown.

concert

9. Ci'to, I rouse, I call forth.

EXCITE', v. stir up. Harsh words excite angry passions and often induce persons
quarrel.

to

10.

Cla'mo,

cry out, I shout.

to shout.

Clama'tum, to

cry out,

PROCLAIM', v. publish by authority. RECLAIM', v. to reform.

REVIEW OF PREFIXES.
The old
bell in

29

claim
thereof."

" ProIndependence Hall has engraved upon it, all the land, unto all the inhabitants liberty throughout
reclaim and
reform those
habits.

Reformatory Homes are intended to

who have bad

11.

Clau'do,
v. v.

I shut.

Clau'sum,

to shut.

CONCLUDE', PRECLUDE',

decide.

prevent, shut out.

perform examples in Arithmetic, do not conclude too hastily that the answers are correct, but carefully apply the rule. The Patent Laws preclude all persons, except the inventor, from taking out a patent.
12.

When you

Cli'no,

I bend.
v. v.

DECLINE',

refuse.

EECLINE',

to lie
is

down.
decline

When

a person

called as a witness in court, he cannot

to testify.

In ancient times
13.

it

was customary

to

recline

at meals.

Cum'bo,
v.

I lie

down.

to yield. The First Congress determined to adopt such resolutions as would show that they never intended to succumb.

SUCCUMB',

U. Cur'ro,
CONCUR',
OCCUR',
v. v.

I run.

Cur' sum,

to run.

agree.
explained his plans, the learned

happen.

When Columbus

men
Soto,

of Spain
"

and

Portugal did not concur. " No matter what difficulties

traverse the distance

occur,"

said

De

I intend to

between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi."

15.

Di'co,
Many

I say.

Dic'tum,

to say.

PREDICT',
lennium.

v. foretell.

writers

predict

a time of peace on earth called the Mil-

16.

Do'leo,

I grieve.
those

CONDOLE', v. to sympathize with another in his grief. As far as circumstances permit, we ought to condole with
in affliction.

30
17.

A
Du'co,

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Duc'tum,
to lead.

I lead.

ADDUCE', v. bring forward. CONDUCE', v. tend. DEDUCE', v. to infer. PKODUCE', v. manufacture or grow. KEDUCE', v. to make less.
INDUCE',.^, persuade (9). What fact can you adduce in proof that the earth is round ? Pure air, exercise, and cleanliness conduce to keep the body healthy. James Watt was able to deduce the principle of the steam-engine from the lifting of the kettle-lid by steam.

Every year we
to

produce
face.

so

many new

articles,

that

we

are able

reduce

our imports.

18.

Fa'cies, a
v.
v.

DEFACE',
EFFACE',
It
is

to disfigure. to expunge.
it
;

deface furniture by writing upon easy to efface what you have written.
19.

easy to

but

it is

not so

FaJma,
v.

fame.
to slander.
tried in every

DEFAME',

Washington had many enemies, who

way

to

de-

fame his
20.

character.

Ferido,
v.
v.

I strike.

Ferisum,
defend
their

to strike.

DEFEND', OFFEND',
Nearly

protect. to annoy.
animals will

all

young against

those that

assail them.

Those who wish to live peaceably with their neighbors are careful
not to

offend

them.

21.

Fe'ro,
v.

CONFER',

v.

I bear, I carry. to consult.

La'tUWl,

to bear, to carry.

DEFER', OF'FER,

put

off.

n. proposal.

TRANSFER*', v. to convey to another. Penn was always ready to confer with the Indians and explain anything that seemed wrong. Do not defer till to-morrow what ought to be done to-day. England and America did not accept the offer of Russia to me^
diate in 1812.

REVIEW OF PREFIXES.
"

31

If

you wish
it,"

to

transfer me

to another department, I will not

oppose

said the General.

22.

Fi'do,

I trust.
v.

CONFIDE',

A
23.

to impart. good child loves to confide his

I fix, I fasten.

secrets to his mother.

Fi'go,

Fix'um,

to fix, to fasten.

PRE'FIX, n. a syllable placed before the root. SUF'FIX, n. a syllable placed after the root. The prefix, root, and sujfioc assist us very much
meaning of a word.
24.
strong. to assert (without taking CONFIRM', v. establish.

in finding the

Fir'mus,
v.

AFFIRM',
INFIRM',

an oath).

a. feeble.
is

witness in Court

allowed to

affirm

if

he

prefers.

Historians do not
the hatchet.

confirm

the story of George Washington and

fiftieth

John Adams, though very infirm, lived to see the versary of American Independence.
25.

anni-

Flam'ma,
v.

a flame.
the passions, but a soft answer turns

INFLAME', Angry words inflame away wrath.

26. Flec'to, I bend.

irritate.

Flex'um,

to bend.

REFLECT', v. to bend back. To reflect the light of the sun, the moon must be opaque.
27.

Fli'go,

I beat, I dash.
v.

Flic'tum,

to beat, to dash.

AFFLICT',

to distress.
to afflict the patriots so

Nothing in the Revolution seemed

as the treason of Arnold.

much

28.

Flu'o,

I flow.

Flux'um,

to flow.

IN'FLUX, n. a flowing in. There was a great influx

"

of visitors in Philadelphia to attend the

Centennial International Exhibition."

29.

For'ma

form, beauty.
of.

DEFORM', v. injure the shape TRANSFORM', v. to change.

32

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

PERFORM', v. do (11). REFORM', v. to reclaim (10).

Stand
Fairy
erect,

frequently expand the chest, and do not

deform

the

body by stooping.
stories

pretend that a fairy has power to

transform

pumpkin
30.

into a fine coach.

(froritis), the forehead. CONFRONT', v. to meet face to face.

to

Frons

General Taylor determined not to prolong the Mexican War, but confront Santa Anna at Buena Vista.

31.

Furido,
v.

I pour.

Fu'sum,

to pour.

INFUSE',

to instil.
spirit

Washington tried to infuse fresh

32.

and energy into

his soldiers.

Gra'dior,
v.

go step by step.

Gres'sus, going

step

by
DEGRADE',
The use
33.
to debase.
is

step.
sure to

of vulgar language

degrade
to stick.

the character.

Hce'reo,
v.

I stick.

JTce'sum,

ADHERE',
COHERE',

to stick to.

v. stick together. Glue causes smooth surfaces to adhere more easily than rough ones. In solid bodies, such as wood, iron, etc., the particles firmly co-

here.
34.

Ha'lo,

I breathe.

INHALE',

v.

breathe

in.

We
35.

exhale and

inhale many

times in a minute.

Hu'mus,
v.

the ground.

EXHUME',
Cromwell,

to disinter.

Charles the Second gave orders to

exhume
to join.

the body of Oliver

who had been dead more than two

I join.

years.

36.

Jurigo,

Junc'tum,

AD'JUNCTS, n. words joined. The relative, with its adjuncts, should be placed near
cedent.

its

ante-

37.

Jus

(ju'ris),

justice, law.

Jus'tus,
to suit his

just.

ADJUST', v. set right. Each one must adjust the microscope

own

eye.

REVIEW OF PREFIXES.
38.

33

Lorigus,
v.

PROLONG',
39.

long. to lengthen out (30).

I

Man' do,

command.

Manda'tum,

to

command.

COMMAND', n. injunction. REMAND', v. to send back.

If pupils desire to acquire a good education, they should cheerfully of the teacher. obey every When William Penn was ordered to appear in court, he hoped to be set at liberty, but the Judge determined to remand him to prison.

command

40.

Matu'rus,

ripe.

IMMATURE', a. unripe. PREMATURE', a. too hasty. Fruit is not wholesome when

it is

immature or unripe.
blown up, great care was

When

the rocks at Hurl Gate were to be

taken to prevent a premature explosion.

41.

Mer'go,
v.

EMERGE', IMMERSE', v. to dip. Have you ever seen a

In bathing,
it is

I dip. to rise out.

Mer'sum,
diver

to dip.

necessary to especially the head.

emerge from the water ? immerse the whole body

to send.

in water,

42.

MittO,
v.

I send.

Mis' sum,

EMIT',

send out.
v.

SUBMIT',

TRANSMIT',
PERMIT',

to yield. v. to deliver.

v. allow (16). Volcanoes are burning mountains which emit lava, ashes, stones, etc. If a student refuses to submit to the rules of the college, it is the duty of the president to expel him. The Constitution of the United States was formed to transmit the

blessings of liberty to posterity,

and

to

promote the general welfare.

43.

Mo'veo,

PROMOTE',
44.

v. to

move. Mo'tum, to move. advance (42).

Ned to,
A

I tie, or bind.
v.

Neotfum,
is

to tie, or bind.
proposed to

CONNECT',

to unite.

tunnel, under the Straits of Dover,

connect

England and France.

34
45.

A
Op'to,
v.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Opta'tum,
for

I wish.

to wish.

ADOPT',
It

to take to one's self.

was not unusual

an Indian chief

to

adopt

a captive.

46. O'ro, I pray, I ask.

Ora'tum,

to pray, to ask.

ADORE',

worship. The heathen adore the thing that they themselves have made.
I lay open, I spread. to spread.

v.

47.

Pan' do,
v.

Pan' sum, to

lay open,

EXPAND',
48.

enlarge (29).

Par,

equal, like.
v.

COMPARE', When we
England
is

examine with reference to

larger than

likeness.
States,

compare
little

England and the United

we

find that

New

York.

49. Pel'lo, I drive. Pul'sum, to drive. IMPEL', v. to drive forward. KEPEL', v. to drive back.

EXPEL',

v.

to drive out (42).

impel cars, compress cotton, and transport goods to foreign countries. In 1637, Massachusetts assisted Connecticut to repel the Pequods, who had attacked them.
50.

We

consume coal to

Pen'deo,
v.

I hang.

Pen' sum,

to hang.

SUSPEND',
the streets.

to hang. Formerly, it was the custom to

suspend

lamps by chains across

51.

Plarita,
v.

a plant.
to infuse.

IMPLANT/,

SUPPLANT',

TRANSPLANT',

When plant in

to displace. v. to plant in another place. William Penn came to America, he told his wife to
v.

im-

the rninds of their children the importance of truthfulness. General Gates tried to supplant General Washington as Com'

mander-in-chief.

Several

authors describe a method by which

large trees.

it

is

possible to

transplant
52.

Pla'nus,
v.

EXPLAIN',

plain. to make clear (21).

REVIEW OF PREFIXES.
53.

35

Pli'co,

I fold.

Plica'tum,
I

to fold.

APPLY',
54.

v. fix

closely (11).
cry,

Plo'ro,
v.

bewail.

Plora'tum,

to

cry,

to

bewail.

DEPLORE',

regret.

War
55.

is

so horrible that all

good men deplore the necessity

for

it.

Po'no,
v.

DEPOSE',

to

put or place. Pos'itum, to put or place. put from (the throne).

v.

INTERPOSE',

v. interfere.

TRANSPOSE',
OPPOSE',

to

change the place

of.

(21). Charles the First hoped, that him, the King of France would

v. resist

We
56.

are very apt to

if Parliament determined to depose interpose and save him. transpose the e and the i in such words as

believe, siege,

and

liege.

Por'tO,
v.

I carry.

IMPORT',

EXPORT',

v.

to bring into a country. to send out of a country.

v.

TRANSPORT',
The United

to carry (49).

States used to

import many

articles

which they now

export.
57.

Pre'mo,
Quce'ro,
v.

COMPRESS',
58.

v.

I press. to make smaller I seek, I ask.

Pres'sum,

to press.
(49).

by pressure

Qucesi'tum,
to shave.

to seek, to ask.

ACQUIRE',

to obtain (39).

59. Ita'do, I shave.

Ha'sum,

ERASE', v. to rub out. To erase pencil-marks use India-rubber

kinds of ink.

acid will erase

some

60.

Hi'vus,
v.

a stream, a river.

ARRIVE',

come

to.

DERIVE', v. deduce. The Puritans did not arrive

at

Plymouth

until

December

21, 1620.

We derive
I perform.

a great

many common words from

the root, ago, I do,

36
61.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
to break.

Hup'twm,
a.

ABRUPT',
his

unconnected.
answers.

George the Third, King of England, showed that he was insane by

abrupt

62. Sa'lio, I leap, I spring. ASSAIL', v. attack (20). 63.

Saltum,

to leap, to spring.

Sd'nus,
a.

sound, healthy.

INSANE',
64.

deranged (61).
I climb.

Scarido,
v.

Scarisum,

to climb.

DESCEND',

to go
it

down.
descend, as
it is

Travellers find

as difficult to

to ascend, the Alps.

65. Scri'bo,

I write.
v.

Scrip'tum,

to write.

PRESCRIBE',

SUBSCRIBE', v. DESCRIBE', v. give an account of (51). Both Houses of Congress prescribe the rules for the expulsion of a member. To write one's name at the close of an article is to subscribe it.

give a rule of conduct. to write one's name.

66. Se'co, I cut. Sec'tum, to cut. v. cross each other. INTERSECT',

In the upper part of
at right angles.

New

York, the

streets

intersect each other

67. Sis'to or Sto, I stand, I set up.

EESIST',
v.

to withstand.
greater strain than iron.

ASSIST',
Steel

help (23). has power to resist a

v.

68. Sol'vo, I loose.

Solu'tum,

to loose.

ABSOLVE',
The

v.

to loose from.
the Bankrupt

effect of

Law, repealed

in 1878,

was

to

absolve

the debtor from obligation to pay.

69. Spi'ro, I breathe. CONSPIRE', v. plot.

INSPIRE',
v.

SpircCtum,
mind.

to breathe.

to infuse into the

v.

TRANSPIRE',

to

Columbus tried would conspire

become known. to inspire his men

to

with hope, throw him overboard.

for

he feared they

REVIEW OF PREFIXES.
So
to

37
certain

many were in the Gunpowder transpire before the day fixed.

I promise.

Plot, that it

was almost

70.

Sporideo,
v.

Sporisum,

to promise.

KESPOND',
to

to answer.
to advert to his treason,

Arnold did not like

and generally refused

respond

if

questioned on the subject.

71.

Stru'o,

I build, I construct.

Struc'tum,

to build, to

construct.

OBSTRUCT',

v.

to block up.

No
72.

one

is

allowed to
I take.
v.

obstruct

public roads, or the streets of a city.

Srimo,
Terido,
v.

Sump'tum,
burn
(49).

to take.

CONSUME',
73.

use

I stretch.

Terisum,

to stretch.

ATTEND',

to be present at (28).

74. Tes'tis, a witness. ATTEST', v. to certify to.

In making a
signature.

will, it is necessary to

procure witnesses to attest the

75. Tol'lo, I

lift

up.

EXTOL', v. praise highly. Not only Americans, but foreigners extol the characters of Washington, Adams, Jay, and others, who formed the government in 1789.
76.

Tra'ho,
v.

draw. draw.

Trac'tum,

to draw.

ATTRACT',

All the planets, as they revolve in their orbits, 77.

attract

the sun.

TriUuo,
When
there

I give.

Tribu'tum,

to give.

CONTRIB'UTE, v. to give in common with others. DISTRIB'UTE, v. to dispense.

is

great suffering, every one

it

is

glad to
to

contribute
distribute

something. During the prevalence of the fever, food and clothing to the sufferers.

was necessary

78.

Tru'do,
v.

I thrust.

Tru'sum,

to thrust.

OBTRUDE',

thrust

in.

Cuckoos will 4

obtrude

themselves wherever they can find a nest.

38
79.

A
Va!do,

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Va!sum,
to go.

I go.

EVADE', v. to elude. INVADE', v. to enter as an enemy. PERVADE', v. to spread through.

Prince Charles, in order to large oak-tree.

evade

his pursuers, hid himself in a

Montgomery and Arnold determined to invade Canada in the winter of 1775. The odor of some substances, such as musk, etc., will continue to pervade the air of a room for years.
80. Ve'nio, I come. Veritum, to come. CONVENE', v. to assemble. INTERVENE', v. come between. PREVENT', v. to hinder (40).
President

Van

Buren, hoping to avert some

evils,

determined to

convene
More

Congress. than three months

intervene between

the election and the

inauguration of a President of the United States.

81.

Fer'gro, I bend. DIVERGE', v. tend away from each other.

Lines,

which diverge in one

direction, converge in the opposite

direction.

82. Ver'to, I turn.

1

Ver'sum,

to turn.

CONVERT',
DI'VERSE,

v.

to

change from one state to another.

a. various.

PERVERT', v. to turn in the wrong direction. SUBVERT', v. to destroy. ADVERT', v. to turn the attention to (70). AVERT,' v. to turn away (80). TRAV'ERSE, v. to pass over (14). Many and diverse operations are needed to convert a
iron into a needle.

piece of

On

the trial of

Aaron Burr

for treason, it

was evident that the

the government.

witnesses did not

pervert

his words.

Every one who breaks a law helps

83.

to

subvert

Vi'deo,

I see.

Vi'sum,

to see.

PROVIDE',

v.

to procure supplies (5).

S UF FIXES.
84. Vi'vo, I live. Vic'tum, to live. KEVIVE', v. come to life again. Animals that lie dormant all winter revive 85. Vo'co, I
call.

39

in the spring.

Voca'tum,

to call.

CONVOKE', v. to assemble. KEVOKE', v. to repeal.

If the state of the country
to

demands

it,

Queen Victoria has power

convoke

Parliament.
States has

even though

The President of the United it is a bad one.

roll.

no power to

revoke a

law,

86. Vol'vo, I

Volu'tum,
around (76).

to roll.

KEVOLVE',

v. roll

ARRANGEMENT FOR WRITTEN EXERCISES.

1.

ANNOUNCED

to give notice of.

An

for ad, to

special messenger to Congress, to render of Cornwallis in 1781.

2.
;

Washington sent a

nuncio, I announce. announce the sur-

When

APPEAB', to be present. Ap for ad, to pareo, I am present. William Penn was ordered to appear in court, he hoped to be set

at liberty.

III.

SUFFIXES.
LATIN.
may
be or that can be; worthy
tilled.

ANGLO-SAXON AND
1.

Able, Ble, Ible,

that

of; fit to be.

AR'ABLE, (aro, I plough,) that can be ploughed or AU'DIBLE, (audio, I hear,) that can be heard. CU'RABLE, (cura, care,) that may be cured.
ED'IBLE, (edo, I eat,)
fit
to

be eaten.

worthy of being loved. LEG'IBLE, (lego, I gather, I select, I read,) that may be read. FLEXIBLE, (flecto, flexum, to bend,) that can be bent. VIS'IBLE, (video, visum, to see,) that can be seen.

A'MIABLE, (amo,

I love,)

2.

consisting of; like or resembling; y. FOLIA'CEOUS, (folium, .a leaf,) consisting of leaves.

of;

A_ceous9

40
3.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
very; strongly; disposed
to.

AciOHS, much;

TENA'CIOUS, (teneo, I hold, I keep,) holding strongly. VERA'CIOUS, (verus, true,) disposed to telling the truth. CONTUMA'CIOUS, (tumeo, I swell,) swelling greatly with pride. PUGNA'CIOUS, (pugna, a battle,) disposed to fight.
4.

A.cy,

state of being;

quality of being;

office of.

AC'CURACY, (cura, care,) the

state of being careful.

office

MAGISTRACY, (magister,
of a magistrate.

magistri, a magistrate,) the

CONFEDERACY,
state of being

(fcedus, foederis, a league, a covenant,) the

leagued together. AD'EQ,UACY, (sequus, equal,) the quality of being equal

5*

to.

Age9

act of;

collection of; condition of; state of being;

an allowance for.
FO'LIAGE, (folium, a leaf,) a collection of leaves. PEER'AGE, (par, equal, like,) the condition of a peer. POR'TERAGE, (porto, I carry,) an allowance for carrying.
6. A.I, act of; of; pertaining to; befitting; done by.

FRATER'NAL,
to

(frater, a brother,) of a

brother

pertaining

a brother.
(filius,

FIL'IAL,

a son

filia,

a daughter,)

befitting

a son or

daughter.

MATER' NAL, (mater, a mother,) pertaining

;

to

a mother.

RE' GAL, (rego, I direct, I rule,) of & king kingly. MAN' UAL, (manus, the hand,) done by the hand. RU'RAL, (rus, ruris, the country,) pertaining to the country.
SO'CIAL, (socius, a companion,) pertaining to a companion. MEN'TAL, (mens, mentis, the mind,) of the mind.
7.

A.n,

A.lflC9

Han, Ian,

one

who
to.

or the person that; perpractises an art. who is an old soldier.

taining AR'TISAN, (ars, artis, art,-) one

who

VET'ERAN, (vetus,

veteris, old,) one

PAR'TISAN, (pars, partis, a part,) pertaining to a party. HU'MAN, (homo, hominis, a man,) pertaining to man. HUMANE', (homo, a man,) pertaining to man; benevolent.

UFFIXES.
earth, the world,) pertaining

41
to

MUN'DANE, (mundus, the

the earth.

MERID'IAN, (medius, the middle to the middle of the day.

dies,

a day,) pertaining

AGRA'RIAN, (ager, agri, a field,) pertaining to fields or land. EURQPE'AN, one who lives in Europe a native of Europe.
;

8.

Ance, Ancy, Ence, Ency,

;

act of;

state

of being;

quality of being ing. ACCEPT' ANCE, (capio, captum, to take,) the act of taking.

AU'DIENCE, (audio,
hearers.

hear,) a

hearm^; an assembly of

CLEM'ENCY, (clemens, dementis, mild, merciful,) the quality

of being merciful.

CRE'DENCE, (credo, I believe,) the act of believing. CUR'RENCY, (curro, I run,) the state of being current. FLU'ENCY, (flue, I flow,) the quality of flowing.

CONFLUENCE,
CON'STANCY,

(fluo, I flow,)

(sisto or sto, I stand,)

the Rowing together. the state or quality of

being constant.
9. Alflt,

Ent9

DEFEND' ANT, (fendo,

one who, or the person that; being; ing. I keep off,) one who defends.
place

A'GENT, (ago, I do, I perform,) one who does. KE'GENT, (rego, I direct, I rule,) one who rules
of the sovereign).

(in

AR'DENT, (ardeo, I burn,) burnm^. DOR'MANT, (dormio, I sleep,) sleepm^.

1

10.

AT,

one who, or the person that ;

like ; of;

belonging or

pertaining to; having.

LI'AR, one who lies. BEG' GAR, one who begs.

AN'GULAR, (angulus, a corner,) having

CIR'CULAR, (circulus, a ing to a circle.

corners.

little circle,) like

a circle

pertainto

LU'NAR, (luna, the moon,) of the moon pertaining moon. IN'SULAR, (insula, an island,) belonging to an island.
;

the

4*

42
11.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

Ard,

one who, or the person that.

DRUNK' ARD, one who gets drunk. LAG'GARD, one who lags or is late. SLUG'GARD, one who is sluggish.
12.

ATy9

one who, or the person that; the place where; the

thing that; of; pertaining
to.

AR'BITRARY,

(arbiter, arbitri, a judge, an umpire,) pertaining to a judge; not governed by fixed rule.
to

AUXII/IARY, (auxilium, help, aid,) pertaining

helping.

a helper

DI'ARY, (dies, a day,) the thing that keeps an account of each day; a journal. GRAN'ARY, (granum, a grain of corn,) the place where grain
is

kept.
light,) the

LU'MINARY, (lumen, luminis,

light.

thing that gives

HON'ORARY, (honor, honor,) pertaining

honor only. LI'BRARY, (liber,
kept.
libri,

to

honor, conferring

a book,) the place where books are

a soldier,) pertaining
to soldiers,

MIL'ITARY, (miles, or war.

13.

militis,

being; to put, or to take. CU'RATE, (cura, care,) one who has the care of a parish. MAGISTRATE, (magister, a master,) one who acts as a master.

Ate,

one who, or the person that; having;

make,

to give, to

AN'IMATE, (anima, the

to stimulate
;

life,

the vital air,)

to

put
;

life

into

to enliven.
to adorn.

DEC'ORATE, (decor, grace,) to give grace or beauty LIB'ERATE, (liber, free,) to make free. AD'EQUATE, (aequus, equal,) being equal to.
14.

Ble, Able, Ible.

See

Able.

15.

Cle, Cule, Vie, little, small. ANIMAL'CULE, (anima, the life, the
animal.

vital air,) a

very small

SUFFIXES.
CAN'TICLE, (canto, I sing,) a short song. COR'PUSCLE, (corpus, a body,) a minute body.
16.

43

Dom,
cises

the place in

which dominion
being ; rank.

is

exercised ; state of
exer-

DUKE'DOM, (duco,

I lead,) the place in which a duke dominion; the rank of a duke.

first
;

PRINCE'DOM, (primus,

capio, I take,) the place where

a prince exercises dominion.

17.

Ean.

See

An.
to

18.

Ee9

one

who ; one

whom.

ABSENTEE',

(ens, entis, being,) one

who
one

is
to

absent.

ASSIGNEE', (signum, a sign, a

seal,)

whom

an assign-

ment

is

made.
flee,)

KEFUGEE', (fugio, I
19.

one

who

flees.

one who, or the person that. MOUNTAINEER', (mons, montis, a high hill,) one on a mountain.
I increase
;

Eer, Ier9

who

lives

AUCTIONEER', (augeo,

auctum, to increase), one

who
20.

sells

by

auction.
to

En, made of;

to

make.

WOOD'EN, made of wood.

SHORT'EN,
21.

make

short.

22.
23.

Ence, Ency. See Ance. lint. See Ant.

Er9 one who,

arrow.

or the person that ; thing which ; more.

TEACH'ER, one who teaches. ARCH'ER, (arcus, a bow,) one who shoots with bow and
FEND'ER, (fendo, I
from.
strike,) that

which strikes

off or

defends

INQUI'RER, (quaero, I seek, I ask,) one who seeks or asks

information.

ARTIFICER,

(ars, artis, art, skill

facio, I do, I

make,) one

who

is

skilled in

work

a workman.

44
24.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
of.

Erly,

Em, in the direction

9 state

NORTHERLY, NORTH'ERN,
25.

in the direction of the north.

Ery,

Hy

or quality of being ; the practice of; the

collectively.

place where; things of a certain kind taken BRAV'ERY, quality of being brave.

SLAV'ERY, the

state of being a slave.

articles

PERFUM'ERY, (fumus, smoke),

fumers taken
over.
collectively;

manufactured by per-

the practice of & perfumer. FER'RY, (fero, I carry,) the place where persons are carried

DISTILL'ERY,
carried on.

(stilla,

a drop,) the place where distilling

is

26.

lEscence,

state of growing or

becoming.

QUIES'CENCE, (quies, ADOLES'CENCE, (oleo,

rest,) state of growing quiet. I grow,) the state of growing.

CONVALESCENCE,
well or strong.

(valeo, I

am

strong,) state of becoming

PUTRESCENCE,
27.

(putris, rotten,) state of becoming rotten.

JSscent, growing or becoming. INCANDESCENT, (candeo, I glow with

with heat.

heat,) becoming white

CONVALESCENT,
28.

PUTRES'CENT, (putris, rotten,) becoming putrid. (valeo, I am strong,) growing strong.

Esque,
picture.

like.
;

PICTURESQUE', (pingo, I paint

pictum, to paint,)

like

29.

Et, Let,
room.

little,

small.
;

CLOS'ET, (claudo, I shut

clausum, to shut,) a small private

BIV'ULET, (rivus, a stream,) a small stream. CYG'NET, (cygnus, a swan,) a young swan.
30.
31.

Ety.

See Ity.
full
of.

Ful,

CARE'FUL, (cura, care,) full of care.

8 UFFIXES.
32.

45

Fy,

to

make.
(fortis,

FOR'TIFY,

brave, strong,)
to

DIG'NIFY, (dignus, worthy,) to honor.

to make strong. make worthy to advance

;

MAG'NIFY, (magnus, great,) to make great. NUL'LIFY, (nullus, nothing,) to make to nothing.
CER'TIFY, (certus, certain,) to make certain. KEC'TIFY, (rectus, right,) to make right.
33.

Hood, Head,

state of being;

nature or distinguishing

attributes

of.

CHILD'HOOD, state of being a child. GOD'HEAD, the nature or distinguishing attributes

34.

o/*the Deity.

Ian.

See

An.
to;

35. Ic,

leal, pertaining

like;

made
to

AQUAT'IC, (aqua, water,) pertaining the water.

of the water
.

living in

LU'NATIC, (luna, the moon,) pertaining maniac.

to

the

moon

MED'ICAL, (medeor, I heal,) pertaining to medicine. NAU'TICAL, (nauta, a sailor,) pertaining to sailing or navigation.

36. Ice, the thing that; the quality of being. MAI/ICE, (malus, evil, bad,) the quality of being evil or malicious.
JUS'TICE, (Justus, just,) the thing that is right. NO'TICE, (nota, a mark,) the thing that marks or makes

known.
37.

ICS9 Ic,

the doctrine; science; art

of.

Mu'sic, (musa, a muse,) the art of singing or playing on a musical instrument.

38. Id>9 being ; ing ; the thing that. AC'RID, (acris, sharp,) being sharp. FLU'ID, (fluo, I flow,) the thing that flows.
TIM'ID, (timeo, I fear,) fearm^.

FER'VID, (ferveo, I boil, I

am

hot,) being hot.

46
39. ler.

A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
See

Her.

40.

Ilc9 pertaining to ; like ; that may or can be easily. HOS'TILE, (hostis, a foe,) pertaining to an enemy.
;

JU'VENILE, (juvenis, young,) pertaining to youth. DUC'TILE, (duco, I lead ductum, to lead,) that can be easily drawn out (as wire).
FEB'RILE, (febris, a fever,) pertaining to a fever. DOC'ILE, (doceo, I teach,) that can be easily taught.
41.

Ine,

of; pertaining to; like.

;

MARINE', (mare, the sea,) of the sea pertaining to the CANINE', (canis, a dog,) like dogs pertaining to dogs.
;

sea.

SALINE',

(sal, salt,) of salt

pertaining

to salt.

42. Ioifl9 the act of; being or state of being ; ing ; that which. CES'SION, (cedo, I yield, I go cessum, to yield, to go,) the
;

act of yielding

yieldm^.
;

I give donum, a gift,) that which is given. FU'SION, (fundo, I melt, I pour fusum, to melt, to pour,) the state of being melted.

DONA'TION, (do,

SES'SION, (sedeo, I sit

gress).

sessum, to

sit,)

a sittm^ (as of Con-

43.

Ise, I&e,
to a thing.

to

make ;

to

give ; to act

like.

ADVERTISE',

(verto, I turn,) to

make one turn

attention

AU'THORIZE, (augeo, I increase,) to give authority LE'GALIZE, (lex, legis, law,) to make lawful. FER'TILIZE, (fero, I bear, I carry,) to make to bear
fertile.

to.

to

make

44.

Ish, somewhat; belonging to; BLACK'ISH, somewhat black.

SPAN'ISH, belonging like a boy.
to

like; to

make.

Spain.

BOY'ISH,

PUB'LISH, (publico, I publish,) to make public. FIN'ISH, (finis, the end,) to make an end of.

ESTAB'LISH,
set up,) to

(sto, I stand, I set

make

to stand

to

up make

statum, to stand, to firm or stable.

SUFFIXES.
45.

47
idiom; doctrine or doc-

Ism,

state or quality of being

trines of; ing.

BAR'BARISM, (barbarus, rude, savage,) state of being savage. AN'GLICISM, (Anglia, England,) an English idiom. FANAT'ICISM, (fanum, a temple,) the state of being a fanatic.
CAL'VINISM, the doctrines of Calvin.
46. 1st, one who, or the person that. NOV'ELIST, (novus, new,) one who writes novels. FLO'RIST, (flos, floris, a flower,) one who cultivates flowers.

AR'TIST, (ars,

artis, art, skill,)

one

who

practices an art.

47. Ite, a descendant of; a follower of; a sectarian or party

leader.

IS'RAELITE, a descendant of Israel. HUSS'ITE, a follower of John Huss.

48. Ity, Ety, Ty, state or quality of being ; ness. AM'ITY, (amo, I love,) state of being friends. ASPER'ITY, (asper, rough, harsh,) state of being harsh.

BREV'ITY, (brevis, short,) quality of being short. CELER'ITY, (celer, swift,) swiftness. DEN'SITY, (densus, thick, close,) the state of being dense.
LIB'ERTY, (liber, free,)
state of being free.

49. Ive, one who, or the person that; that which; having

power ;
;

ing.

FU'GITIVE, (fugio, I flee fugitum, to flee,) one who flees. MO'TIVE, (moveo, I move; motum, to move,) that which

moves.
RES'TIVE, (sisto or go forward.
sto, I stand,)

st&uding back

refusing to

PERSUA'SIVE, (suadeo, I persuade suasum, to persuade,) having power to persuade. FES'TIVE, (festum, a feast,) feastm^.
;

50. Ize.
51.

See Ise.
little.

Kin,

LAMB'KIN, a

little

lamb.

48
52.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
full
of.

Lent, Olent, Ulent,

plague
;

PES'TILENT, (pestis, the plague,) full of the infection of the

pestilential.

FRAUD'ULENT,

COK'PULENT, (corpus, a body ,) full of body or

a large body.
53.

(fraus, fraudis, deceit,) full of fraud. flesh having

;

Less,

without.
(ars, artis, art,) without art.
;

ART/LESS,

POW'ERLESS, (posse, to be able power.

54.

potui, I

am

able,) without

Let

See

m.
a man.

55. I/ike, like or resembling.

MAN'LIKE,
56.

like

I/ing,

little;

young.
or

DUCK'LING, a LORD'LING, a

little little

young duck.

lord.

57. I/y, like; in

a manner.
first
;

PRINCE'LY, (primus,

capio, I take,) like a prince.

ABRUPT'LY, (ruptum, to break,) in an abrupt manner.

58. JMTent, (see Tire and

Th)
;

state

of being;

act of; the

AL'IMENT,

(alo, I

nourish

thing that; ing. alitum, to nourish,) that which

nourishes.

CONCEAL'MENT, (celo, I hide,) concealing. ACCOM'PLISHMENT, (pleo, I fill,) state of being accomplished.
59.

Mony,
witness.

state or quality of

being ; thing that.

is

AC'KIMONY,

(acris, sharp,) quality of being sharp.

(testis,

TESTIMONY,
60.

a witness,) thing that

offered

by a

Ness, state or quality of being. ACUTE-'NESS, (acuo, I sharpen; acutum, to sharpen,) quality
of being acute.

KEMOTE'NESS, (moveo, I move

being remote.

motum,

to move,) state of

SUFFIXES.
61.

49

Ock,

little.

HILL'OCK, a
62.

little hill.

Olent.

See

Lent.
or the person that ; the act of; sensation that which causes ; ness.
I
;

63.

OT,

one

who

AU'DITOR, (audio,
FA'VOR, (faveo,

hear

auditum, to hear,) one who hears.

the act of favoring.

I befriend,)

SPLEN'DOR, (splendeo, I shine,) brightness.

64.

Ory9 the place where ; the thing that; pertaining to; ing. AR'MORY, (arma, arms,) the place where arms are kept. DOR'MITORY, (dormio, I sleep dormitum, to sleep,) a place
;

for sleeping.

DEROG'ATORY, (rogo,
value.

ask

rogatum, to ask,) lessemn^ in

to

PRED'ATORY, (praeda, prey, plunder,) pertaining plunderm^.

65. Ose,fullof.
JOCOSE', (jocus, a joke,) full of jokes. VERBOSE', (verbum, a word,)/t^ of words.

plunder

66.

OUS9

full of; consisting ; ing.

POP'ULOUS, (populus, the people,) full of people. FA'MOUS, (fama, fame, ) full of fame renowned.
;

FERO'CIOUS, (ferox, ferocis,

fierce, *)

full (/fierceness.
;

GRIEV'OUS, (gravis, heavy, grievous,)/^/ of grief

grief.

causing

67.

My.

See

Ery.
state of

68.

Ship, the office; the state of. APPREN'TICE-SHIP, (prehendo, I seize,) the
prentice.

an ap-

PART'NER-SHIP, (pars, partis, a part,) the

69.

state of

a partner.

Some,
6

full of; causing.

WEA'RISOME, causing weariness.

FROL'ICSOME, full of frolic.

50

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I

VENT'URESOME, (venio,
venture.

come

ventum, to come,) full of

70. Ster, one who, or the person that. SONG'STER, one who sings.

TEAM'STER, one who drives a team.

71.

done ; ing. 9 the thing DECEIT', (capio, I do, I perform,) deceiving. GIFT, the thing that is given.

WEFT, the
72.

thing that

is

woven.
state of being
;

Th

(see

Jtfent and T7re,)

act of;

the

thing that; ing.

WEALTH, GROWTH,
73.

the thing that makes rich.

growing.

Tucle, Tide, being or state of being ; ness. MUL'TITUDE, (multus, many,) being many a large number. QUI'ETUDE, (quies, quietis, quiet,) quietness. AL'TITUDE, (altus, high,) highness height.
;

AP'TITUDE, (aptus,

meet,) being apt. SERVITUDE, (servio, I serve servitum, to serve,) state of being a servant.
fit,
;

74.
75.

Ty. Ude.
Ule.

See Ity.

BeeTude.
See Cle.
See

76.
77.

Ulent.

Lent.
and

78.

Ure9

(see

Ment

Th ) state
9
;

of being; act of; the

thing that; ing. CREAT'URE, (creo, I create creatum, to create,) the thing that is created.

FRACT'URE, (frango, I break fractum, to break,) breakm^. KUPT'URE, (ruptum, to break,) the act of breaking. TEN'URE, (teneo, I hold,) a holdm^. TEXT'URE, (textum, to weave,) that which is woven. COMPOS'URE, (pono, I put, I place positum, to put, to
;
;

place,) the state of being

composed

calmness.

REVIEW OF
79.

SUFFIXES.
of.
;

51

Ward, Wards,

in the direction

WEST'WARD, WIND' WARD,

80. Y, the

in the direction of the west towards the west. in the direction from which the wind blows.

the quality of being ; the faculty ; full of; consisting of; covered with. IN'FAMY, (fama, fame,) state of being infamous. MIS'EKY, (miser, wretched,) state of being wretched.
state of being ;

MEM'ORY, (memor, mindful,) i^Q faculty that

is

mindful.

MOD'ESTY, (modestus, modest,) the quality of being modest.

HEALTH' Y, full

of health.
flowers.

FLOW'ERY, (flos, floris, a flower,) covered with CHALK'Y, consisting of chalk.

REVIEW OF
1.

SUFFIXES.

I perform. Ac't-um, to do, to perform. 9 I do, ACT'IVE, having power to act (56-4).* A' GENT, one who does the business of another (11-11).

Ag-O

2.

Al-O,

I feed, I nourish.

Al'it-UWl,

to feed, to nourish.

AL'IMENT, nutriment (13-1).

3.

Alt-us (al'ti), high. AL'TITUDE, height (15-1).

4.

Am-o,

I love.

Ami!c-us9

a friend.

A'MIABLE, lovely (17-4). AM'ITY, friendship (17-1).

5.

Am!pl-us,

large.

AM'PLIFY, to enlarge (18-2).

6.

Arigul-US, an angle, a corner. AN'GULAR, having corners (20-3).

*The numbers in parentheses refer to Part II., Latin Roots. See the 4th sentence, under Root 56, Part II. By an unfortunate casualty in
1777, Arnold

was unable

to

engage in any active pursuits.

52
7.

A
An'iwia,
Ap't-us,

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
the
life
;

the vital

air.

AN'IMATE, to stimulate (21-4).

8.
fit,

meet.
;

APT'ITUDE,
9.

fitness

disposition (26-2).

A'qua,

water.

A'QUEOUS, watery (27-1). AQUAT'IC, living in the water (27-2).

10.

Ar'Mter (ar'bitr-i), a judge or umpire. AK'BITKAKY, not governed by any fixed rule (28-2).
Ar'de-o,
I burn.

11.

AR'DENT, passionate (31-1).

12.

Ar'm-a,

arms, weapons.

AR'MORY, the place where arms are kept (35-3).

13.

Ar-o,

AR'ABLE,
14.

fit

I plough. for tillage (36-1).

art, skill.

Ars

(ar'tis),

AR'TISAN, an
15.

artificer (35-6).

As'per, rough, harsh. ASPER'ITY, harshness (39-1).

16.

Au'di-o,

I hear.

Audi't-um,

to hear.

AU'DIBLE, that can be heard (42-2). AU'DIENCE, an assembly of hearers (38-1).

AU'DITORY, an assembly of hearers (37-4). AU'DITOR, a hearer (91-2).

17.

Auxil i-um,
f

help, aid.
(43-5).

AUXILIARY, helping
18.

Bre'v-is,

short.

BREV'ITY, shortness, conciseness (54-1).

19.

Ce'd-o,

I yield, I go.

Ces's-um,

to yield, to go.

CES'SION, a giving

up

(377-5).

20. Cel'ebr-is, renowned, famous. CEi/EBRATE,to honor by ceremonies of joy and respect (76-1;.

REVIEW OF SUFFIXES.
21.

63

Ce'ler,

swift.

CELER'ITY, swiftness (77-2).

22.

CER'TIFY, to
23.

Cer't-US9 sure, certain. make certain (87-1).

Cir'cul-US, a
little circle.

CIR'CULATE, to move in a circle (91-1).

24.

Cla'm-O,

I cry out, I shout.

CLAIM' ANT, one who demands a right (93-1).

25.

Cle'mens (demerit-is),

mild, merciful.

CLEM'ENCY, mercy (30-3).

26. Co'l-O, I cultivate.

Cul't-um,
a body.

to cultivate.

CULTIVATE,
27.

to

till

(103-1).

Cor^p-us (cor'por-is),
Cre'd-o,
I believe.

COR'PULENT, having a large body (112-5).

28.

CRE'DENCE, belief (114-1).

CREDIBLE, worthy of
CRED'ULOUS,

belief (114-3). to believe (45-1). apt

29. Cre'-o, I create. CREA'TOR, God, the

Crea't-um,
maker

to create.

of all things (115-1).

CREAT'URE, an animal (115-3).

30.

Cul'p-a, a fault, blame. CUL'PABLE, blamable (122-2).

31.

Cu'r-a,

care.

CU'RIOUS, rare, singular (124-2). CUR' ABLE, admitting of a remedy (124-4). CU'RATE, a clergyman hired to do the duties of another (57-3).
32.

Cur'r-o,

I run.

CUR'RENCY, money (125-1).

33.

Deb'e-o, I owe. Deb'it-um, to owe. DEBT'OR, the person who owes (131-1). 5*

54
34.

A
De'cor,

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
grace.

DEC'ORATE, to adorn (133-3).

35.

Deris-US,

thick, close.

DEN'SITY, compactness (135-1).

36.

Dex'ter, pertaining to the right hand DEXTER'ITY, expertness (138-1).

expert.

37.

DV-es,

a day.

MERID'IAN, (medius, the middle,) noon (141-2).

DI'ARY, a journal (139-1).
38.

Dig'n-us, worthy. DIG'NIFY, to advance to honor (143-1).

39.

Do'n-um,

gift.

DO'NOR, giver (147-3). DONA'TION, gift (36-1).

40.

Doc'-eo,

I teach.

DOC'UMENT, a paper containing evidence (11-5).

41.

Dor'm-io,

I sleep.

Dormi't-um,

to sleep.

DOR'MANT, DOR'MITORY, a place where persons sleep (72-1).

42.

insensible (152-1).

E'd-o,

I eat.

ED'IBLE, eatable (161-1).

43.

JE'qu-US,
Er'r-o,
I

equal, just.

EQ'UITY,
44.

n. justice (169-4).

wander.

Erra't-um,

to

wander.

ERRAT'IC, eccentric (170-1).

45.

Fa'ci-O, I do or make. Fac't-um, to do or make. FAC'TORY, a place where things are manufactured (705-1).

46.

Fa!m-a, fame, renown. FA'MOUS, renowned (182-1).

Fe'rox (fero'cis),
fierce.

47.

FERO'CIOUS, savage (22-5).

REVIEW OF SUFFIXES.
48.

55

Fes't-um,
Fi'd-o,

a feast.

FES'TIVE, joyful (199-3). 49.

I trust.

Fide'l-is,

faithful.

FIDEL'ITY, n. faithfulness (63-1).

50. Fil'i-us, a son. Fil'i-a, a daughter. FIL'IAL, befitting a son or a daughter (42-3).
51.

Fledt-o9
Flu'-o,

I bend.

Flex' -urn,

to bend.

FLEXIBLE, that can be bent (210-2).

52.
I flow.

Flux'-um,

to flow.

FLU'ENCY, easy flow of speech (214-1).

53.

For't^is, brave, strong. FOR/TIFY, to strengthen with FOR'TITUDE, courage (42-3).

forts, etc. (218-1).

54.

Frarig-o,

I break.

Frac't-um,

to break.

FRACT'URE, a breaking (221-1). FRAG'MENT, a broken part (221-2).

55.

Fra'ter, a

brother.

FRATER'NAL, brotherly (222-1). FRATER'NITY, brotherhood (222-2).

56.

Fraus

(frau'd-is),
I flee.

deceit.

FRAUD'ULENT,
57.

deceitful, dishonest (122-2).

Fu'g-io,

Fu'git-um,
flees (21-7).

to flee.

FU'GITIVE, one who

58.

9 to pour. Furid-o, I pour. FU'SION, state of being melted (231-1).

Fu's-um

59.

Gla'di-us,
ment
of .the

a sword.
for the entertain-

GLAD'IATOE,, one

who fought in the arena Romans (242-1).

a grain.
for grain (249-2).

60.

Grafn-um,
Gra't-llS,

GRAN'ARY, a storehouse
61.

grateful, pleasing.

GRAT'ITUDE, thankfulness (250-2).

56
62.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

Gra'v-is, heavy, grievous. GKIEV'OUS, mournful (251-1).

63.

Ho'm-O,
Ho'nor,

a man.
to

HU'MAN, belonging
64.

mankind

(27-3).

respect, honor. to

HON'OKARY, intended merely

65.

convey honor (250-2).

Tdem,

the same.

IDEN'TICAL, the same (134-2).

66.

Irisul-a, an
La!t-us,
(107-1).

island.

IN'SULAR, belonging to an island (279-2).

67.

broad.
either north or south

LATITUDE, distance from the equator

68.

Le'g-O,

gather, I select, I read. gather, to select, to read.

Lec't-um,

to

LE'GIBLE, that can be read (302-1).

69. lA'ber, free. LIB'ERATE, to set free (15-2). LIB'ERTY, freedom (12-4).
70.

Li'ber (UVr-i),
kept (147-3).

a book.
;

LI'BRARY, a collection of books

the place where books are

71.

Li'g-o,

I bind.

Liga't-um,

to bind.

LIG'AMENT, a strong compact substance that binds one bone to another (310-2).
72.

lAt'er-a, a letter. LIT'ERARY, relating to learning (11-2).

73.

Lo'c-us, a

place.

LOCAL'ITY, place (56-3).

74.

Lorig-us,

long.

LON'GITUDE, distance east or west from any established meridian (141-2).

REVIEW OF SUFFIXES.
75.

57

I/ufn-a, the moon.

LU'NAR, pertaining to the moon (170-3). LU'NATIC, an insane person (326-1).

76.

lai'men (lu'min-is),
;

light.

LU'MINARY, the sun

77.

a body that gives light (206-1). a master.

Magis'ter (magis'tr-i),

MAGISTRATE, a
78.

civil officer (328-3).

Mag'n-us

great.
;

Ma'jor,

greater.

MAG'NIFY, enlarge to make great (329-2). MAJOR'ITY, the greater number (97-3).
79.

])a'n-US,

the hand.
(157-1).

MAN'UAL, performed by the hand

80.

Ma'ter (matr-is),
Matu'r-us,
Med'e-or,
ripe.

a mother.

MATER'NAL, pertaining
81.

to a

mother (696-1).

MATU'RITY, ripeness (119-1).

82.
I cure.

MED'ICAL, relating to healing (177-3).

83.

Me'mor,

mindful.

MEM'ORY, the faculty by which we remember (345-1).

84.

Mi l-es
f

(miHt-is),
less.

a soldier.

MILITARY, pertaining
85.

to soldiers (93-2).

Mi'nor,

MINOR'ITY, the smaller number (357-2).

86.

Mo'd-us,
to

a measure.

MODIFY,
87.

change the form of (363-3).

Mul't-US, many.
(359-3).

MULTITUDE, a great number

88.

Narit-a, a sailor. NAU'TICAL, pertaining to sailing (385-1).

Nos'c-o, I know. No't-um, NO'TIFY, to make known (34-1).
to

89.

know.

58
90.
f

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

no one. NUL'LIFY, to make void (399-1).

Nul l-us,

91.

Nu'mer-U8,
Oc'ul-US,

a number.
to

NUMERICAL, pertaining
92.

numbers (75-12).

the eye.

OC'ULAR, perceived by the eye (405-2).

93.

O'pus (o'per-is), work. OP'ERATE, to act (411-2).

Or'n-o,
I ornament.

94.

Orna't-um,
(89-1).
.

to ornament.

OR'NAMENT, adornment
95. O'r-o, I pray, I ask.

Ora't-um,

to

pray to ask.

OR'ATORY, eloquence (418-1).

96.

Pars (pa^t-is),
Perid-o,

a part.

PAR'TISAN, an adherent of a party (394-2).

97.
I weigh, I pay out. to pay out.

Peris-urn,

to weigh,

PEN'SION, stated allowance for past services (443-1).

98.

Pop'ul-us,

the people.

POP'ULAR, suitable to people in general (54-2). POP'ULOUS, full of people (475-1).

99. Por't-O, I carry.

POE/TABLE, easily carried (477-1).

100. Pro'b-O, I approve, I try.
prove, to try.

Proba't-um,

to ap-

PKOB'ITY, integrity (696-1).

101.

Qui'es (quie't-is),

rest.

QUI'ETUDE, tranquillity (510-5).

102.

Hdg-0,

I direct, I rule.

Redt-um,

to direct, to

rule.

RE'GAL, kingly (510-2). RE' GENT, one who governs in place of the sovereign (326-1).
REC'TIFY, to correct (522-5).

REVIEW
103.

O.F

SUFFIXES.

59

Hup't-um,

to break.

RUPT'URE, open hostility (218-1).

104.

Kus
f

(ru'r-is), the country.

I cut.

RU'RAL, belonging to the country (120-5).

105.

Se c-o,

Sedt-um,

to cut.

SEC'TION, division (216-5).

106. Sed'-eo, I sit. Ses'sum, to SES'SION, a sitting (14-2).

107.

sit.

Se'men (sem'in-is),

a seed.

SEM'INARY, a school (558-2).

108. Ser'vi-o, I serve. Servi't-um, to serve. SERV'ANT, one who serves (68-2).

SERVITUDE, slavery

(70-2).

109. Sis't-O, or St-O, I stand, I set up.

REST'IVE, obstinate in refusing to

move forward

(576-5).

110.

So d-US9
f

a companion.

SO'CIABLE, companionable (286-2). SO'CIAL, pertaining to society (139-2).

111.

So'l-US, alone, only. SOLITARY, living alone (20-3).

SOL'ITUDE, loneliness (222-2).
r

Solu 112. Sol'v-o, I loose. 9 to loose. SOLU'TION, the state of being diffused through a fluid (584-1).
113.

t-um

Teri-eo,

I hold, I keep.

Terit-um, to hold, to keep.

TEN'EMENT, a habitation (522-7). TEN'URE, a holding (375-1).

114.

Ter^r-eo,

fill

with

fear.

TER'RIBLE, fearful (20-3). TER'RIFY, fill with fear (185-1).

115.

TexSt-urn, to weave. TEXT'URE, the manner in which anything

is

woven

(178-1).

116.

Vd'g-US, wandering.
(94-3).

VA'GRANT, wandering

60
117.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
veracious.

Ve'rax (vera!c-is) 9

Ve'r-us,

true.

VEKAC'ITY, truthfulness (422-2). VEK'IFY, to prove true (669-2).

118.

Ve'tus (veter-is),
Vid'e-o,
I see.

old.

VET'EKAN, an old soldier (550-1).

119.

Vi's-um,

to see.

VIS'IBLE, that can be seen (428-1). VIS'ION, sight (42-2).

120. Viric-O, I conquer. VIC'TOBY. success over an

Vic't-um,
enemy

to conquer.

(321-2).

ARRANGEMENT FOR WRITTEN EXERCISES.

MAJORITY, the greater number. Major, greater ity, state or qualness. The House of Representatives elects the President, ity of being if no candidate has a majority.
1.
; ;

2.

ELEVATE,
diffidence

to raise.
;

E
;

for ex, out

;

levo, I raise

ate,

one

who

or

the person that

having

being

to

make,

to give, to put, or to take.

The

chief,

shown by Washington, when appointed Commander-inonly served to elevate him in the estimation of the people.

NOTE TO STUDENTS.
English words are derived from Latin verbs, they are generally derived from the present Indicative; as, agent, from ago, I do. I perform; or from the supine of the verb; as, actor, from actum, to do, to perform. When English words are derived from Latin nouns, they are generally derived from the Nominative case; as, iterate, from iter, a journey; or from the Genitive case as, itinerate, from itineris, (of a journey,) the Genitive of iter. The part of the Latin word not used in forming the English derivative is separated from the rest of the word by a hyphen; thus, the o in ag-o, us in ann-us, and is in brev-is, are not used in forming any English word.
;

When

ABBREVIATIONS.
n.

stands for noun,

"
"

prep, stands for preposition.

v.
a.

verb,
adjective,

A.
L.
Gr.

S.

"

"

Anglo-Saxon.
" "
"

"
"

" "

Latin.

adv.
part.

adverb,
participle.

"

Greek.

"

"

Fr.

"

"

French.

II.

LATIN DERIVATIVES,
A
Sentence Showing the Correct Use of Each Word.

1.
1.

A!c-CO 9

to be sour or acid.
4. 4.
5.

Ace't-wm 9
ACE'TOUS,
ACETOSE',
AC'ID, a. sour.
a.

vinegar.

2.

ACID'ITY, n. sourness. ACET'IC, a. sour (applied

to certain acids).

having
sour taste.

3.

ACETIFICA'TION, n. (facio,)
the act of
1.

6.

SUB -AC'ID,
sour.

a.

moderately
is

making vinegar.
limes, lemons, climates.

The acidity of

and other acid fruits*

very

re-

freshing in

warm

2. Much vinegar is made from beer, but it lacks the agreeable flavor produced by the presence of acetic and other ethers. 3. The acetifl cation of many articles is promoted by the use of

beech-shavings.
4. Shavings assist in clarifying liquor, in which state it rapidly becomes acetous. 5. Acid substances are sometimes taken to prevent corpulency; if they effect the desired result, it is by weakening the digestion.
6.

Sub-acid

fruits

they are taken without the addition of

2.
1.
*

are doubtless 'beneficial to health, especially much saccharine matter.

if

Acer'b-US,
italicized

bitter, severe.

ACERB'ITY,
Every
6

n. bitterness, severity,

j
If the root
is

word

is

defined under

its root.

not known, con-

sult the

Key.

Gi

62
1.

A
When

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
it

General Lee was tried by court-martial, after the battle of

in 1778, characterized neither

Monmouth,

was proved that Washington's reprimand was by acerbity nor acrimony.

slightly sour.

3.
1.

Add'ul-US,
v.
articles of food

ACID'ULATE,
1.

to flavor with acid.

In tropical countries the lower classes use vinegar to

acidulate

many
4.
1.

and drink.

Ac'r-is,
a.

AC'RID,
1.

sharp, harsh. sharp, harsh.

AC'RIMONY,
it

n.

sharpness,

harshness (2).
The acrid nature of pepper renders
very disagreeable in large
quantities.

5.
1.

Acu-O,
a.

I sharpen.

Acu't-um,
2.

ACUTE',
1.

sharp.

ACU'MEN,

to sharpen. n. intellectual

James

II.

sharpness. saw with acute pain the destruction

;

the Battle of the Boyne, 1690

of his troops at " historians report that he exclaimed, 0,

spare
2.

my

English subjects."

his legal saved the life of Captain Preston, charged with homicide in the Boston Massacre, 1770.

John Adams, by

acumen,

6.
1.

Adula't-Mm,
Adulation
own

to fawn, to flatter.

ADULA'TION,
1.

n. servile flattery. debases the character, both of those

who

offer it for

their

sordid purposes, and of those

who

accept

it

as the deserved

tribute to their worth.

7.
1.

Ag-er

(a!gri) 9 a
n.
fields.

field,

land.

AGRICULT'URE,

(colo,)

4.

the cultivation of
2.

and heavily treads

AGRA'RIAN,
equal
property.

a.

division

favoring an of land or
5.

one who slowly his way, especially one who pays his devotion to a holy place.
PIL'GRIM,
n.

PEREGRINA'TIONS,
derings.

n.

wan-

3.

AGRA'RIANISM,
1.

n.

an equal

division of land or property.

Agriculture was

the principal occupation of the antediluvians.

Is it incorrect to attribute their longevity to this cause ? 2. With the name of law used to be associated the idea

agrarian

of the abolition of property in land. 3. It was the German scholars, Heyne (hi / neh),

Savigny (sa-ven-ye'),

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
and
especially

63

Niebuhr (nee / boor), who first explained that Eoman agrarianism had reference only to public or State lands. 4. When books of travel were rare and newspapers a novelty, the pilgrim on his return was doubly welcome. 5. Travellers returning from their peregrinations, represent the scenery of the Yosemite (yo-sem'-i-te) Valley as very grand.
8.
1.

Ag'ger, a heap. EXAGGERATED, to increase,

magnify unduly.

2.

EXAGGERATION,

n. the act

to

of increasing or of magnify-

ing unduly. The tendency at the present time to exaggerate in conversation is shown in the frequent use of the superlative, where the positive would " be preferable, and of an intensive adjective, such as awful," for the
1.

adverb very." 2. Constant exaggeration injures the moral character by habituating the

"

mind to untruthfulness it blunts the perceptive faculties placing in the same category things radically different.
;

by

9.
1.

Agil-is (from Ago),

swift, active.

AGIL'ITY, n. state of being active; activity. 1. Nature protects some animals by strength, some by agility 9 some by cupning, and others again by repulsiveness.
10.
1.

Agit-0,
v.

I drive, I

move,

I think of.

AG'ITATE,
tion.

to

put in

mo3.

being

moved

(with, irregular

action).
n.

2.

AGITA'TION,
1.

the state of

COG'ITATE, v. to engage in continuous thought.

the surface of the ocean,

A -very

and cause
2.

light wind sea-sickness.

is

sufficient to

agitate

be commuted to

beseeching that his sentence might shows intense agitation. / 3. Columbus, Galileo (gal-e-lee -o), and all great discoverers of truth, the power to cogitate deeply on a subject. possessed
letter to Washington, " a soldier's death,"

Andres

11.
1.

Ag-O9 I do, I perform.

v.

Ac't-UWl,
5.

to do, to perform.
v.

ACT'UATED,
tion.

incited to ac-

ENACT'ED,
authority.

decreed
to do.

by

2. 3.

ACT'TJARY, n. clerk.

5.

TRANSACT',
EXACT',
thority.
v.

v.

4.

ACT'UAL, a. Co' GENT, a.

real.

6.

to take

by au-

forcible.

64
7.

A
EX'IGENCY,
cessity.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
n.

pressing ne- ClRCUMNAVIGA'TION,n.(navis,)

sailing
n.

around (44-4).
n. agility;

8.

AMBIGU'ITY,
meaning.

double ACTIV'ITY,
a.

quick-

ness (435).
precise (20-2).
n.
v.

9.

CoAGULA'TiON,7i.curdling. EXACT',

10.

COUNTERACT',

to hinder

NAVIGATION,

(navis,)

the

by
11.

counter-influence.
n.

A' GENT,
ACT'IVE,
(56-4).

one

who

act of navigating (279-2). does LITIQ'IOUS, a. (lis,) fond of

business for another.

a.

going to law (317-2). busy NAV'IGABLE, a. (navis,) passquick,

able by vessels (385).

1.

Much blame

tation ;

has been cast upon Galileo (gal-e-lee'-o) for his recanbut the motive which actuated him should be taken into confor the

sideration in judging of his conduct.

2.

It

is

customary

actuary

of a Literary Institute, to adver-

tise for

the

payment

of the annual dues.

3.

If the British

had been

able to ascertain the

actual

condition of

the soldiery at Valley Forge, in 1777-78, they would have been convinced that they could never subjugate such a people.
4.

The most cogent argument was not

sufficient to

induce Jackson

to sign the bill rechartering the

Bank

of the United States in 1832.

5. In 1765, Parliament enacted a law that no legal document should be valid without a stamp. As no merchant could see the propriety of the Stamp Act, the whole mercantile community determined to transact

no business requiring stamped paper.

exact from

was the attempt of Great Britain to the colonies revenue, to be applied to her own benefit. 7. In the latter part of 1776, success seemed to follow the British arms; New York had been taken, and Washington, closely pursued In through New Jersey, had crossed the Delaware to Pennsylvania. this did not succumb, but, to the surprise of
6.

One

cause of the Revolution

exigency , Washington

the British, recrossed the Delaware, and defeated the Hessians at Trenton.
8.

The

guity
9.

in the usual

dullest comprehension in a besieged city could find no airibidemand of the Duke of Alva, for an unconditional

surrender.

In making cheese, the

coagulation
is

of the milk, that

is,

the sepa-

ration of the curd from the whey,

10.

hastened by the use of rennet.

By

study, a physician
is

knows what substances counteract the

effects of deleterious drugs.

11.

A person

responsible for the acts of his

agent*

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
12.
1.

65

AH-US,

or

Alie'n-US,
4.

another, foreign.

AL'IENS, n. foreigners.

INAL'IENABLE,

a.

incapable

2.
3.

(608-2). In reference to aliens, the Constitution provides, that no person except a natural born citizen is eligible to the Presidency. 2. In 1779, Arnold's trial by court-martial irritated his irascible disposition, and alienated his affection from his country. 3. Arnold's alienation lasted till his decease, and it is not strange that he never wished even to advert to his country.
1.

AL'IENATED, v. estranged. ALIENA'TION, n. estrangement.

of being transferred. adv. otherwise A'LIAS,

4.

Life, liberty,

and the pursuit of happiness, are the inalienable

rights of every one in the United States.

13.

Al-O,

feed, I

nourish. nourish.

Al'it-UWl,
v.

to

feed, to

1.

AL'IMENT,

n.

nutriment.

3.

2.

COALI'TION, n. union. 1. The commissary endeavored

COALESCE', one body.

to unite

in

to provide proper

aliment

for all the

sick soldiers.
2. In 1643, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Plymouth, and New Haven, formed a coalition for mutual protection and defence. 3. Oil and water will not coalesce ; oil, being lighter than water,

rises to

the top.

1.

Al'ter, the other, another. Altetfn-US, one after the other by turns. ALTERCA'TION, n. angry 4. ALTERNATIVE, n. a choice between two things. dispute.
14.
;

2.

ALTERNATELY,
turns.

adv.

by

ADUL'TERATE, v. to corrupt by mixing baser materials

(327-2).

3.

ALTERNATION, n.
action.

alternate

1. The constant altercation between Mason and the people of New Hampshire was only settled by calling in an arbitrator. 2. The Legislature of Connecticut was formerly in session alternately at Hartford and New Haven. 3. The alternation of day and night is caused by the rotation of

the earth
4.

upon

its axis.

In 1776, it became evident that the only alternative was submission or a declaration of independence.

6*

66
15.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
(al'ti), high.
1

Alt-us

2. EXALTA'TION, n. elevation. AL'TITUDE, n. height. 1. The altitude of the highest mountain is found, by accurate meas-

urement, to be 5J miles. 2. Sylla, the Dictator, determined to liberate 100,000 slaves, and exempt them from public service, that they might be made subservient to his own

exaltation.
16.
1.

Am'bul-o,

I walk.

PEBAM'BULATE,
through.

v.

to

walk

2.

PEE' AMBLE,

n.

an introduc-

tion or preface.

1. Those who are able to than those who ride.

perambulate

a country, see

much more
asserts,

2.

The

preamble

to the Constitution of the

United States

that the power of government emanates from the people.

17.

A'm-o,

I love.

Ama't-um, to love. Ami'c-us9

a friend.
3.

1.
1.

2.

AM'ICABLE, a. friendly. AM'ITY, n. friendship. EN'MITY, n. hostility.

1.

INIM'ICAL,

a.

unfriendly.

4.

A'MIABLE, a. lovely. EN'EMY, n. a foe (75-5).

relations existed between Massasoit and the and a treaty of amity was made, which was not broken until King Philip became hostile in 1675. 2. Such was the enmity of the Indians to the colony of Virginia that hostilities commenced in 1609.

The most

amicable

Plymouth

settlers in 1620,

3. When Hull, in 1812, determined to relinquish the territory already acquired in Canada, he was considered inimical to the American cause. 4. The amiable disposition of Henry IV. of France caused him to

be greatly beloved.

18.
1.

Am'pl-US,

large.
4.

2. 3.

AM'PLY, adv. abundantly. AM'PLIFY, v. to enlarge.

AMPLIFICATION,

n. (facio,)

AMPLITUDE,
1.

n. extent.

the act of dilating upon all the particulars of a subject.

The Croton aqueduct, constructed for the purpose of supplying New York with water, was thought to be capable of providing amply for the wants of the whole city. 2. Nothing is more tedious in an orator than a tendency to amplify too much. 3. The amplitude of the universe may well excite wonder, even in the mind of a scientific man.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
4.

67

and

concise,

In his preliminary remarks, Webster's argumentative style is terse but his amplification is in the highest degree eloquent.

19.
1. 1.

Arig-O,

I vex.

Anw!i9
2.

have vexed.

AN'GER, n. resentment. AN'GUISH, n. extreme pain.

1.

ANXI'ETY, n. solicitude. AN' GUY, a. irritated (49-3).

Henry
I.

When

the White Ship, bearing the cherished son of

sea,

of

but one perished, no one was willing to carry the intelligence to the king, and to brave his anger. At last, a little child was selected. When the king understood the tidings, he
England, foundered at
all
fell

and

to the

ground

in his

anguish, and was

never seen to smile after-

wards.
2.

Great

anxiety was
deserters

peake seized as

felt in 1807 for the four sailors of the Chesafrom the British navy.

20.
1.

Arigul-US,
n.

a corner
the

AN'GLE,

a corner;
in a point.

2.

an angle. RECTAN'GULAB,,

a. (rectus,)

opening of two straight lines

which meet
2.

2.

having right angles. TRIAN'GLE, n. (tria,) a

ure having three angles.

fig-

EQUIANGULAR,
ners.

a. (aequus,)

having equal angles or

2.

cor-

3.

AN'GULAR,
ners.

a.

having

cor-

MULTAN'GULAR,
tus,)

a.

(mul-

4.

having many angles

or corners.
1.

QUAD'RANGLE, n. (quadra,) a figure with four corners, or angles.

is often denoted by one letter placed at the vertex. The great advantages resulting from the study of Etymology are The exact meaning of all these particularly seen in technical terms.

An angle

2.

words can be known from their derivation; e. g. multangular; Multus, many angulus, an angle ar, having. Having many angles. The other words can be analyzed in the same way. 3. A terrible desperado, sentenced to solitary confinement, declared he would have been insane if his cell had been circular instead of angular.
;

4.

Any

figure

having four angles

is

called a

quadrangle^

or quad-

rilateral.

21.

Ariim-a,
n.

the

life,

the breath.
soul.

An!im-us9

the

mind, the
1.

ANIMAL'CULE,
animal.

a minute

2.

n. UNANIM'ITY, (unus,) agreement of a number of

2.

ANIMA'TION,

n. liveliness.

persons in opinion.

68
3.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
6.

ANIMADVER'TED, v. (verto,) commented on by way of

censure.

UNAN'IMOUS,
one mind.

a.

(unus,) of

7.

EQUANIMITY,
AN'IMALS,

n.

(sequus,)

3.

ANIMOS'ITY,
tred.

n. violent ha-

evenness of mind.
n. living beings

4.
5.

AN'IMATE,

v.

to stimulate.

(9).

PUSILLANIMOUS, a. (pusilMAGNANIMITY, n. (magnus,) greatness of mind. lus,) of weak mind (509-4). 1. When we magnify a drop of water which is not pure, we find that
2.

contains various species of animalcule. Though the discussion on a declaration of independence was carried on with animation, yet the question was decided by the 56 signers,
it

with perfect
3.

severely upon the political course of the Vice- President, but entirely without animosity. 4. Before the battle of Trenton, Washington endeavored to animate
effort, by showing that the cause was not desperand by promising a bounty to all who would remain. 5. If Burr had had a particle of magnanimity, he would not have sought to revenge himself by taking the life of his opponent. 6. After the evacuation of Philadelphia, in 1778, it was decided, by a unanimous vote, to go to White Plains.

Hamilton

unanimity. animadverted

the soldiers to renewed

ate,

7.

York

Washington bore with equanimity the misfortune in 1776, and flying like & fugitive before Cornwallis.

of losing

New

22.
1.

Arin-us,
n.

a year.
6.

AN'NALS,

a series of hisa.

ANNIVER'SAKY,

n.

(verto,)
it

torical events.
2.

2.

SEPTEN'NIAL, (septem,) occurring every seven years. BIEN'NIAL, a. (bis,) occurring every two years.

a day celebrated as turns eacb year.

7.

re-

AN'NUAL,

a.

yearly; lasting
al-

only a year.

3.

SUPEBAN'NUATED, a. impaired by old age and infirmity.

ANNU'ITY, n. an annual lowance (443).

CENTEN'NIAL,
occurring
a.

(centum,)

every

hundred

4.

PEKEN'NIAL,

a.

lasting

througb tbe year.

5.

MILLENNIUM,
1.

n. (mille,)

years (76-1). AN'NO DOM'INI, A.D. (dominus), the year of our Lord

(25-1). wrote his "Annals of Philadelphia," the antiquated house occupied by William Penn was still standing.

thousand years of peace.

When Watson

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
2.

69
finally

The Convocation

first

made

the meetings

septennial, but

reversed the decision, and made them biennial, 3. Had Gen. Prescott been superannuated,
Col. Barton, his capture scarcely able to restrain

would

still

and unable to resist have been ridiculous; but we are

percilious General,

our risible faculties, at the thought of the suaccustomed to domineer over the province of Rhode Island, carried from his bed in almost a state of nudity. 4. A plant in which life will remain more than two years, is called
Scriptures,

perennial. 5. On examining the

we

find that several writers predict a

time of peace, called the millennium, in which the most ferocious beasts will become harmless.
6.

The International Exposition held

the one hundredth

success.
7.

anniversary

in Philadelphia, to commemorate of the Nation's birth, was a great

The

annual

Report of the Commissioner of Education

is

very

interesting.

23.
1.

Arinul-us,
a.
is

a ring.
is

1.

AN'NULAR, An annular

in the form of a ring.

eclipse

not a

common

event, as

a concurrence of

circumstances

necessary to produce the result.

24.
1.

Anti'qu-us,
n.

old, ancient.

AN'TIQUARY,

one

who AN'CIENTLY,

adv. in time long

a.

1.

seeks ancient things. ANTIQUE', a. old, ancient.

past (196-1).

AN'TIQUATED,
(22-1).

out of use

2.

AN'CIENT,
1.

a.

Nothing

is

primitive. more precious to the

antiquary than
ancient

some

antique

relic of elaborate
2.

workmanship.
Scots found an

In the inclement season of the year, the

inexhaustible fund of
their brave ancestors.

amusement
I open.

in the recital of the valiant deeds of

25.
1.

Ape'ri-o,
n.

Aper't-um,

to open.

AP'ERTURE,
1.

an opening.

access to Jerusalem

After the most arduous labors, some of the Roman soldiers gained by an aperture in the wall, A. D. 70.

26.
1.
1.

Ap't-us,
v.

fit,

meet.
2.
|

ADAPT',

to

fit.

APT'ITUDE,

n. disposition.

The preceptor should endeavor

His

to

adapt

his instruction to the

capacity of each scholar.

2.

aptitude for learning, and

him
to obtain

the facility with which he acquired

excellent position.

a language, enabled

an

70
27.
1.
2.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
water.
3.

Aqua,

A'QUEOUS, a. watery. AQUA'RIUM, n. a globe or tank of glass, in which to

TERR A'QUEOUS,
consisting water.
of

a.

(terra,)

land

and
an

2.

keep aquatic animals. AQUAT'IC, a. living in the

1.

A'QUEDUCT,
artificial

n.

(duco,)

water. In a corpuscle

channel for conwater (18-1). veying

is

of blood the

aqueous portion

found to predomi-

nate over the solid part.

2.

An aquarium

is

a convenient arrangement for observing the

is

habits of

aquatic animals. 3. This terraqueous globe of human beings.

28.
1.

admirably adapted

for the habitation

Ar' biter (ar'bitr-i),

3.

a judge or umpire.

AR'BITRATE, v. to decide between opposing parties.

ARBITRATION,
by arbitrators.

n. decision

2.

AR'BITRARY, a. not erned by fixed rule.

1.

gov-

3.

ARBITRAMENT, During the War

n. decision. of 1812,

ARBITRATOR, n. a judge appointed by parties to decide between them (14-1).

between the United States and England,

Russia offered to arbitrate.

2.

Both countries refusing

continued her
3.

arbitrary

to accept the mediation of Russia, conduct.

England

to our to

Instead of submitting the question of indemnification for damage commerce to the arbitrament of war, both nations consented
at Geneva.

arbitration
29.

A^bor,
management
f

a tree.

1.

ARBORICULT'URE, n. (colo,) the management of forests. 1. Arboriculture in France and Germany consists almost entirely
of natural forests.

in the

compounds, eTCeo), I restrain. compel by force. 3. EX'ERCISE, v. to exert, as 2. COER'CION, n. force. the body or the mind. 1. Washington had too much discernment to suppose that he could coerce volunteers to remain in the army.
1.

30.

Ar c-eo (m
v.

COERCE',

2. Washington had no wish to exasperate the insurgents in the whiskey insurrection, but he determined to resort to coercion, rather than per-

mit an infringement of the law.

3.

Some

nocence of

of the most celebrated of the nobles, moved by the youth and inLady Jane Grey, besought the Queen to exercise her clemency.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
31.

71

Ar^d-CO,

I burn, I desire earnestly. burn, to desire earnestly.

3.

Ar's-UWl,

to

1.

2.

AR'DENT, a. passionate. AR'DOR, n. earnestness.

1.

AR'SON,
dwelling.

n. setting fire to a

2.

The The

ardent desire of Wolfe to take Quebec was ardor of Wesley led him, whilst he was

gratified in 1759. a missionary in

Georgia, to perform almost incredible labors. 3. So dreadful are the consequences of arson, that no
countries
tate
it is

community

should allow a person to commit the offence with impunity; in some

common

to incarcerate the criminal, in others to decapi-

him.

32.

Ar'du-us,

steep, difficult.

AR'DUOUS,
33.
1.

a. difficult (25).

Argerit-um,

silver.

ARGENTIF'EROUS, a. (fero,) bearing or producing silver. 1. The wonderful argentiferous properties of the silver mines of the West have led to the formation of many companies, for the purpose
of

working them.

34.
1.

Ar'gu-o,
v.

I argue.

AR'GUE,

to reason.
n.

ARGUMENT' ATIVE,
reason

a. contain-

AR'GUMENT,
offered (11-4).
1.

ing argument; inclined to

argue (18-4).
it

Pocahontas, finding

useless to

argue

with the Indians, deter-

mined
35.
1.

to notify the colonists of their danger.

Ar'm-a,

AR'MISTICE, n.

arms, weapons. ces- 5. AR'MY, n. a (sto,) a

diers
n.

number

of solof-

sation of hostilities.
2.

organized under
n.

AB/MAMENT,
warlike forct.

naval
6.

ficers.

2.

ARMA'DA,
like force.

n.

a naval war7.

AR'MORER, makes arms.

DISARM',
v.

one

who

to deprive of

3.

AR'MORY,. the place where

arms are kept. AR'MOR, n. defensive
ing.
1.

weapons.
8.

ARM,

v.

to take

arms or

4.

cloth-

weapons.

ARMS, n. weapons (11-7). In 1847, Scott consented to an armistice, and our Government considering this an auspicious period, sent Nicholas P. Trist to negotiate
peace.

72
2.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
armament,
want
called the
"

Raleigh sent out his third expedition in 1587, but Spain having inInvincible
of supplies. the first appearance of defection in Boston, Gage placed a strong

vaded England with a powerful

Armada,"
3.

the colony failed for

On

guard around the armory. 4. The wearing of armor has

of

fallen into disuse since the invention

gunpowder.
5.

The condition

of the

army in 1775, made

it

impossible for "Wash-

ington to act on the

offensive.

6. Every artisan, whether an armorer or not, was employed in the manufacture of arms and ammunition. 7. Nothing could be more futile than the attempt of George III. to

disarm
8.
is

the colonists.

"

I deprecate

war," said John Adams; "but

1

it is

inevitable,

and

it

our duty to

arm as rapidly as possible.'

I plough.
a.

36.
1.

Ar-o,

INAR'ABLE,
1.

not

fit

for

1.

An' ABLE,

a.

fit

for tillage

tillage or ploughing.
ests

or ploughing.

The first donation to Culpepper and Arlington, comprised only forand inarable lands but finally the colonists had to yield some of their best arable fields to the rapacious monarch.
;

37.
1.

Ars

(ar't-is),

art, skill.
5.

AR'TIFICE, n. (facio,) strat-

INER'TIA, n. that property

2.
2.

agem. ART'LESS,

a.

without fraud.
a.

ARTIFICIAL,

(facio,)

by which a body cannot put itself in motion when at rest, or come to rest

made by
3.

art.

when

in motion.

ART,

n. skill.

AR'TISAN,?I. artificer (35-6).

4. INERT', a.

destitute of the
;

ARTIFICER,
tisan (35-6).

n. (facio,). ar-

moving sluggish. In 1775, General Gage resorted to to conceal his every artifice, design of seizing the stores at Concord. 2. An artless little in an aviary, delighted the girl, while walking artist by mistaking an artificial bird for a real one. 3. The painter, Reubens, displayed such art in the management of his
1.

power

of

subject, that it excited the

4.

An

artful impostor tried to obtain

its

admiration of every spectator. money from his auditory, by

will.

asserting that
5.

he could move inert bodies by the mere force of his

car,

through

inertia, continues moving

after the

locomotive

detached.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
38. Artic'ul-llS, a joint or limb.
1.

73

AKTICULA'TION, n. utterance of the elementary

sounds.
1.

2.

AB/TICLES,
(1-3).

lNARTic'uLATE,a.indistinct. substances n.

Whitfield's

articulation was

so distinct, that he could preach to

tried

an immense audience.
every 2. Demosthenes, finding his speech very inarticulate, labored with the most exemplary patience expedient to improve it, and and perseverance until he could speak distinctly.
.

39.
1.

As'per,

rough, harsh.
harshness;

ASPER'ITY,
roughness.
1.

n.

EXAS'PERATE,
(30-2).

v.

to

enrage

efforts were made to procure a pardon with Hayne. Judge Balfour, however, was inexorable, and, him to the ignominy of great asperity and bitter invective, subjected dying on a gibbet.

In 1781, the most strenuous

for Isaac

40.
1.
1.

Atrox

(atro'c-is),
n.

fierce, cruel.

ATROC'ITIES, savage The bare recital of the atrocities

cruelties.
of the

Wyoming

massacre,

was

sufficient to transfix the listener

with horror.

41.
1.

Au'de-O,
a.

I dare, I

am

bold.

bold, daring. 1. For many years the Gulf of Mexico was infested with a band of would enter a town pirates, who, with the most audacious insolence, and carry off whatever they wanted.

AUDA'CIOUS,

42.
1.

Au'di-o,
v.

I hear.

Audi't-um,
AU'DIENCE,
AU'DITORY,

to hear.
n.

AU'DIT,
account.

to

examine an

an
an

assembly assembly

of hearers (38-1).
n.

2.

of hearers (37-4). of what is commanded. AU'DITOR, n. a hearer (91-2). 1. When the committee came to audit the accounts of Arnold, they were astonished at the enormity of the/rcmc?. 2. The ravishing vision of the celestial host, as they announced, with
3.

AU'DIBLE, a. that is heard. OBE'DIENCE,W. performance

audible
3.

voice, the incarnation, filled the

shepherds with joy.

Notwithstanding the intercession of the nobles, Queen Mary carried out her sanguinary purpose, and Lady Jane Grey met her fate with womanly fortitude, declaring that she suffered on account of her filial obedience^ and not in consequence of ambition.

74
43.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Au!g-eo9
n.

increase.
>

Auc't-um,
9 help, aid.

to

increase.

1.

AUCTIONEER',

one

who

3.

holds an auction.
2.

AUGMENT',

v.

to increase; to

4.

make
3.

or

grow

larger.
v.

n. a sale by bidmore and more. ding AU'THOR, n. a writer of a book or other document.

AUC'TION,

AU'THORIZED,
ered.
1.

empow-

5.

6.

In order to

make such

vociferous

AUXILIARY, a. helping. AUTHORITY, n. legal power. cries at a vendue, an auctioneer

must constantly expand his lungs. 2. The wise and judicious measures of Hamilton to augment the funds in the Treasury, and to restore the value of the depreciated currency, placed the credit of the United States on &firm basis. 3. Charles II. authorized Culpepper and Arlington to sell the fer* tile lands of Virginia by auction; an act which greatly incensed the
4.

on

divorce, of

Milton derived very little benefit from the publication of the works which he was the author.

5. Taylor's campaign in 1846 was antecedent, and capture of Mexico by Scott. 6. The people of New Hampshire contended that

auxiliary

to the

Mason had no au-

thority

to exact rent for the land.

M. AuCgwr,
1.

a soothsayer.

Avi-s,
3.

a bird.
a.

AU'SPICES, n. (specio,) the omens of an undertaking.

INAUSPI'CIOUS, unfavorable.

(specio,)

1.

AU'GUR,

v.

to predict;
v.

to

4.

foretell events.
2.

AU'GURY, n. an omen. AUSPICIOUS, a. (specio,)

favorable (35-1).
n. a place birds (37-2). keeping

INAUGURATE,
with an
rites.
1.

to invest

office

by solemn
his voyage
success.

A'VIARY,

for

Columbus commenced

under such favorable auspices,

as led Isabella to

augur

2. It is customary to inaugurate the President on the portico of the Capitol, with appropriate ceremonies. 3. Inauspicious as was the loss of Gilbert's expedition, it did not deter Elizabeth from making three attempts under Raleigh, all of which

were calamitous.
4.

When

accepted as a favorable flying over the vessel.

Magellan undertook the circumnavigation of the globe, he augury, the appearance of a beautiful dove

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
45.
1.

75

Au'r-um,

gold.

posed, at others for their incredulity.

a. (fero,) producing gold. 1. In 1609, the credulous settlers of Virginia, finding, as they supauriferous clay, gave up everything to dig gold, and laughed

AURIF'EROUS,

46.
1.

Bar' bar -us,

rude, savage, foreign.

;

BAR'BAROUS, a. savage uncivilized. 1. De Soto, though often attacked by the barbarous

Mississippi.

tribes, pressed

on undauntedly until he reached the

47.
1.

Bea't-us, nappy,
n.

blessed.
1

BEAT'ITUDE,
1.

a blessing

2.

BEATIF'IC,

a.

(facio,)

im-

is

pronounced. The compassion of the Saviour exhibited in each beatitude.

parting

bliss.

for the suffering, incident to

humanity

',

is

2. The story of the beatific vision, announcing the birth of Christ, the delight of children all over Christendom.

48.
1.
1.

Bel'l-um,
n.

war.
I

REBELLION, n. insurrection.
REB'EL,
1.

When

the

2. BELLIG'EKENT, a. (gero,) one who revolts. waging war. rebellion in Canada commenced, a rebel might have
I

had a
2.

transient hope of ultimate success. In the Russo-Turkish war, 1878, it was doubtful whether England

would adopt belligerent measures.

49.
1.

Be'ne,

good, well.
a.

BENEFICENT,
BEN'EFICE, n. church living.
blessing.

(facio,)

BENEFI'CIAL,

a.

(facio,)

ad-

kind, doing good.

2.

(facio,)

vantageous (1-6). BEN'EFIT, n. (facio,)

tage (11-6).

advan-

3.

BENEDIC'TION, n. (dico,) a

BENEV'OLENCE, n. (volo,) desire to do good (703-1).

3.

BENEFAC'TION,
1.

n. (facio,) a

BENEV'OLENT,
itable (299).

a. (volo,)

char-

benefit conferred.

In the beneficent character of Oglethorpe we discern a great William Penn. 2. In 1592, many a doctor of divinity resigned his benefice and became a refugee, rather than submit to the law of Conformity. 3. The father of William Penn was so angry at his son for what he
similarity to that of

deemed his fanaticism, that he refused him his benediction 9 and would have deprived him of the King's benefaction.

76
50.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
kind, liberal.
2.
|

Benig'n-us,
a.

BENIGN',
1.

kind.

BENiG'NiTY,n.graciousness.

Sir

Harry Vane, a compatriot

affable

of Cromwell,

was noted

for

his

benign and
2.

manner.
of France,

The benignity and goodness of Henry the Fourth

the populace almost revere him.

made

61.
1.

Bi'b-O,
v.

I drink.

IMBIBED',
1.

drank

in.

Aaron Burr may not have been chargeable with ebriety, but that he imbibed spirituous liquors freely, at the time of his duel with Alexander Hamilton (1804), there can be no doubt.
twice.

52.
1.

His,

J$i!n-i, two by two.

to

COMBINE', v. to unite; link closely together.

hard.

(Fr. cuit,

baked

lit-

erally, twice baked.)

2.

BI'PED, n. (pes,) an animal

BIEN'NIAL,

a.

(annus),

hapyears

having two
3.

feet.

pening
(22-2).
to

every

two

BIS'CUIT,
1.

n.

bread baked

Hamilton was said

combine

the finest colloquial powers with

great profundity of learning.

2.

Although a monkey can walk on two

Sailors assert that sea

feet,

he

is

not a

biped, but

a quadrumane.
3.

biscuit

is

the best preventive of sea-sickness.

53.

Bo'n-us,
n.

good, bountiful.
(21-4).

BOUN'TY,
54.
1.

premium

Bretv-is,
v.

short, brief.
3.

BREV'ITY,

n. conciseness.

BRIEF,

a. short, concise, in

2.

ABBREVIATE,
1.

to shorten.

expression.

In the address of the first Continental Congress, the introductory remarks were written with great brevity, and with a simplicity and candor which forced conviction on the mind. 2. Before an article is available for popular reading, it is frequently necessary for an editor to abbreviate it. 3. Give a brief account of that troublesome malcontent, Clayborne, who kept Maryland in such a turbulent state.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
55.

77
to bub-

Bul'l-a, a bubble

in water.

Bulli't-um,
v.

ble, to boil.
1.

EBULLI'TION, n. a bubbling; a boiling.

2.

BOIL,

to rise in bubbles of heat.

by the action

1. In a vacuum, ebullition can be produced with the heat of the hand. 2. Under ordinary circumstances, water will boil at 212 Fahrenheit's

thermometer.

56.
1.

Ca!d-o,
n.

I fall.
fall

Ca's-um,
of

to fall.
n.

CA'DENCE,
voice.

the

6.

COIN'CIDENCE,
rence.

concur-

2.

OCCA'SION, n. time of particular occurrence.

7.

DECAY',

n.

gradual failure
a.

of soundness.
8.

3.

CAS'UAL,
chance.

a.

happening by

DECID'UOUS,

falling, in

4.
5.

CAS'UALTY, n. accident. COINCIDED, v. agreed.

1.

autumn, as of leaves. INCIDENT, a. apt to happen

(47-1).

There was a sweet cadence in the tones of Mary Queen of Scots, and an affability of manner, which seemed to inspire her attendants with the most ardent affection.
2. Washington was the object of much detraction and calumny, and on no occasion was the dignity of his character more clearly exhibited, than in his pertinacious adherence to his resolution to take no notice of

these slanders.
3. A casual remark betrayed the precise locality of Wayne, and enabled Grey to perform the horrible deed which has loaded his name with infamy.

4.

By an

unfortunate

casualty in

1777, Arnold

was unable

to retain

his

or to engage in any active pursuits. 5. To Washington, familiar with Indian warfare, the fallacy of Braddock's arguments was apparent, and in a modest manner he showed that

command

the troops were in danger of total destruction ; but as no officer coincided with Washington, Braddock considered his advice impertinent.
6.

The decease of two ex-Presidents,

Jefferson
is

and Adams, on the

fiftieth

anniversary of our independence,

a remarkable coinci-

dence.
7.

so as to prevent the

Several authors explain the mode of transplanting indigenous trees decay of the roots.

8. Deciduous trees and plants, such as the oak, rose-bush, grape-vine, drop their leaves in the autumn.

and

7*

78
57.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I cut, I kill.

Cce'd-o,
v.

Cce's-um,
DECIS'ION,
(22-2).

to cut, to kill.

DECIDE',

determine.

n.

determination

2.

EXCISE', n. a duty on

man-

ufactured goods.
2. 3. 4.
4.

PRECISION,
DECISIVE,

n. exactness.

FRAT'RICIDE, n. (frater,) the murder of a brother (222-3).

EXCIS'ION, n. a cutting out.

a.

HOM'ICIDE,

n.

(homo,)

the
the

conclusive.
(fari,)

murder

of a
n.

man

(5-2).

INFANTICIDE,^

the

MAT'RICIDE,

(mater,)

killing of an infant.
4.

killing of a

mother (338).

PAK'RICIDE, n. (pario,) the killing of a father or mother.

INCIS'ION, n. a cut. CONCISE', a. brief (18-4).

SU'ICIDE, n. (sui,) t]ie killing of one's self (321-4).

5.

PRECISE',

a.

exact

accurate

correct (56-3).

1. No impartial historian would palliate the crime of Dunmore, in burning Norfolk, but would decide that he was no better than an incendiary. 2. To calculate the excise with great precision 9 the assessor must

visit
3.

each manufactory.

tise dissimulation, or to expatriate himself,

4.

The excision Act, by which many a curate was compelled to pracwas passed in 1562. Our penal code is decisive on the question that infanticide and

parricide
5.

are capital crimes. Portia resorted to no supernatural means to defeat Shylock, but

with feminine ingenuity, required him to make an incision without drawing blood.

58.
1.

Calam!it-as9

a misfortune.
I

CALAM'ITY, n. misfortune; CALAM'ITOUS, a. bringing great distress (44-3). such as fire, flood, etc. 1. In 1665, London was visited by that terrible calamity the
I ;

plague

and

in 1666

by the Great a
little

Fire.

59.

Calcul-US,
v.

pebble.

CAL'CULATE,

to

reckon (57-2).

1.

60. Cal'e-O, I am warm or hot. Ca'lOT, heat. CALOR'IC, n. heat the prin- 2. SCALD, v. to burn with a
I

ciple of heat. boiling fluid. 1. Caloric can be generated by chemical or mechanical action, and
I

by

electricity.

2.

When

the

Romans were

able to encircle Jerusalem,

and contract

their lines of circumvallation until they

were

in close

walls, the wretched inhabitants poured their besiegers.

down

proximity to the boiling water to scald

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
61.

79

Caluwi'ni-a, calumny
n. false

a false accusation.

CAL'UMNY,
62.
1.

accusation (56-2).
I

...

Carid-eo,

2.

INCEN'TIVE, n. inducement. CANDIDATE, n. one pro-

glow with heat. INCEN'DIARY, n. one who houses on fire (57-1).

;

sets

3.

posed for CAN'DID,

1.

office.

a.

ingenuous.

inINCENSED', v. irritated flamed to violent anger

CAN'DOR,?I. sincerity (54-1). (43-3). The prospect of a remuneration for labor was such an incentive 9 that large numbers were induced to emigrate to Virginia in the seventeenth century.
2. There is no provision in the Constitution that the candidate for Vice-President shall not be from the same State as the President. 3. Nathan Hale was a man of rectitude, and in the most candid

repugnance to becoming a spy but as it was American cause, he consented, although he had a presentiment that he would never return.

manner acknowledged

his

essential to the success of the

63.
1.
1.

Ca'n-is, a
a.

dog.

CANINE',

pertaining to dogs.

The fidelity of the

canine

race, leads

man

to repose the greatest

confidence in them.

64.

Carit-o,
n.

I sing, I charm. to charm.

Canta't-um,
v.

to sing,

1.

CAN'TICLE, Solomon.

the song of
n.

4.

ENCHANTS',
highly.

delights

2.

INCANTA'TION, ment.

enchant-

5.

RECANT',

v.

to retract some-

thing previously asserted.

6.

3.

CHANT,
music.

n.

a kind of sacred

CHARMS,

n. attractions. n.

RECANTA'TION,

retrac-

3.

tion (11-1). DESCANT', v. discourse. 1. The Canticle and the prophecy of Isaiah contain some

of the

most

beautiful oriental imagery to be found in the language. 2. The jugglers of the East practise their incantation

upon snakes

and many species of vermin. 3. Snake charmers in India sometimes

lie

as if in adoration; sometimes they sing a low chant 9 descant in a tedious oration on their power over evil
4.

prostrate before the snake, and at others

spirits.

If the effulgence of the setting

must be the rapture, when

the sight.

the beholder, the glorious radiance of heaven bursts

sun

enchants

what

upon

80

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

5. The enemies of John Huss persecuted him with such malignity, that they refused him an advocate. Huss evinced no perturbation, but in the most placid manner, announced his irrevocable determination never to

recant.
6.

Elizabeth,

when petulant and

I take.

repulsive, still expected her

imaginary

charms to captivate
65.
1.

every beholder.

Ca'pi-o,

Cap't-um,

to take.

CAPA'CIOUS,
CAP'TIOUS,

a.

2.
3.

CAPAC'ITATE,

v.

spacious. to enable.

15. SUSCEP'TIBLE, a.

capable

of being affected.
15. REC'IPE, n. a

a. cavilling.
a.

medical pren.

4.

ACCEPTABLE,
tation.

pleasing.
n. expec-

scription.
16.

5.

ANTICIPATION,

RECIPIENT,
takes.

one

who

6.
7.

CONCEIVE', v. liave an idea.

ACCEPT',
(28-2).

v.

to

receive

CONCEPTION,
INCIP'IENT,

n. idea.

8.

a.

commenca.

ANTICIPATE,
(125-4).

v.

expect

ing
9.

beginning.
(pri-

UNPRINCIPLED,
mus,) profligate.

CA'PABLE,
CAPAC'ITY,
(26-1).

a.

able (18-1).
n.

ability

10.

PARTICIPATE,
to share.

v.

(pars,)

10.

INTERCEPT', the way.

v.

to seize

by

CAp'TURE,w.seizure(22-3). EXCEPT', prep, with exclusion of (12-1).

11.

PERCEPTIBLE,
PRINCIPLE,
fixed law.
n.

a.

capable

OCCUPATION,

n.

employ-

of being perceived.
12.

ment

(7-1).

(primus,)
take;
to

OC'CUPIED, part, inhabited

(22-1).

13. RECEIVE', v. to

OC'CUPANTS,

n.

persons in
a.

accept.
13. RECEIPT', n.

possession (43-3).

acknowledgpaid.
n.

PERCEP'TIVE,

having
a
tutor

ment
14.

for

money

power
that
(26-1).

to perceive (8-2).
n.

RECEP'TACLE,

PRECEP'TOR,

which receives or contains.

1.

A capacious
it free

edifice

intended to accommodate a large congrega-

tion should be well supplied

2.

To capacitate the mind

from prejudice.

with means of ingress and egress. to judge correctly, care must be taken

to

keep
3.

4.

Elizabeth of England was of a captious and imperious disposition. How acceptable to the Americans, exhausted by forced marches,

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
in the retreat from Cowpens,

81
which

must have been the

torrents of rain

swelled the Catawba.

5. The anticipation of a speedy cessation of the war in 1776, induced Cornwallis to reiterate the statement that it was already ended. 6. Charles I. could not conceive that it was prejudicial to him to

detain the Puritans in England. 7. How long did Newton ponder on the subject, before the tion of the universality of gravitation entered his mind ?

concep-

8. The incipient measures for the manumission of the slaves in the West Indies were taken in 1834. 9. It was easy for Smith to predict the evils which would ensue, when the colony of Virginia was left under the domination of the unprin-

cipled men who infested it. 10. As each soldier was to participate in the plunder, the effort was made to intercept the supplies for General Hull.
11.

greatest
devia-

An

eminent astronomer saw that there was

do

perceptible

tion in the course of one of the planets. 12. As he could account for it on the principle of gravitation only, it was conclusive to his mind that another planet was near.
13. It is

a good rule never to receive payment of a debt without

is

giving a receipt.
14.

The morgue

receptacle

for

dead bodies, where they remain

for friends to identify them. 15.

Knowing

of medicine, the

that the patient was very susceptible to the influence recipe was written with great care.

16. Elizabeth, after her accession,

showed great discrimination in makof the highest honors.

ing Lord Burleigh the

recipient

66.

Ca'p-ut (cap'it-is),
little

the head.

Capiful-wm,

head, a chapter.

1.

2.

RECAPIT'ULATING, part, re- CAP'ITAL, a. punishable with death (57-4). peating again. n. counting by CAP'ITOL, n. the building in CAPITA'TION,
heads.

3.

PRECIP'ITATELY, adv. hastiiy-

which Congress meets. (In some States the StateHouse.)

(44-2.)

4.

CAPIT'ULATE, v. to surren- CAP'TAIN, n. the head or chief der on conditions. of a company or ship, etc.
PRECIP'ITATE,
PKEC'IPICE,
n.
a.

5.
6.

hasty.

(83-2).
v.

an abrupt DECAP'ITATE,

to

behead

declivity. (31-3). 1. In a lecture on the extensive migration to the

New

World, John

82
Bright,
as the
2.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
the causes of the miseries of Ireland,

recapitulating

named

most prominent, extravagance, oppression, and extortion. Congress has no power to impose a capitation tax, except in pro-

portion to a census taken every decade. 3. Lincoln, when attacked in 1780 by the superior force of Clinton, did not precipitately surrender Charleston.
4.

useless,

Lincoln continued to defend Charleston until further resistance was and he was obliged to capitulate.

5. The first Continental Congress, in 1774, made no precipitate declaration of war, but adopted pacific measures. 6. The ascent of the Alps can be accomplished with proper precaution^

but the whole community must deplore the many incautious attempts of travellers, who have been dashed to pieces over the precipice*

67. Car'cer, a prison. INCARCERATE, v. to imprison

(31-3).
flesh.
4.

68.
1.
1.

Ca'ro (catfn-is),
n. slaughter.

CAR'NAGE,

CAR'CASS, n. a dead body.

2.

INCAR'NATE,
flesh.

a.

embodied

in

CAR'NIVAL, n. (vale,) the festival preceding Lent. INCARNA'TION, n. the taking of a body of flesh (42-2).

3.

CHAR'NEL-HOUSE, n. a place for depositing dead bodies.

1.

CARNIV'OROUS,
for the fearful

a.

(voro,)

eating flesh (249-1).

Much

censure

was

cast

on Braddock

carnage

in

the expedition to Fort

soldier, or
2.

carcass

Quesne. Long after the defeat, the body of a of a noble horse, remained to shock the traveller.
in the similitude of angels,

Du

The Deity became incarnate, not

but
is

in the form of a servant.

3.

walk through the subterranean cJiarnel-house

fill

of Paris

the beholder with horror; the interminable passages lined with the corrupt and ghastly remains, the walls humid with the
calculated to
exhalations of decaying bodies, the imaginary movement of a pall or limb, all aggravate the emotion experienced in this doleful abode.
4.

The carnival

is

a festival observed in France, Spain, and Italy

during the week preceding Lent.

69.
1.

Ca'r-US,
v.

dear, kind.
2.
1

1.

CARESS', The fierceness of the

to fondle.

CHER'ISHED,

v.

fostered.

lion has been so subdued, that his keeper has

not feared to
2.

caress him. Wolsey, for some time after his

arrest,

cherished

the fallacious

hope of conciliating the king.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
70. Casti!g-o, I chastise.
1.

83

CASTIGA'TION, ment.
1.

n.

punish-

2.

CAS'TIGATE,
stripes.

v.

to

punish by

The

Israelites

were forbidden

to inflict a severer

castigation than
makes

thirty-nine stripes.
2.

To castigate those

in servitude for trifling offences, only

the character more obdurate.

71.
1.

Cau's-a,
v.

a cause.
n. charges.

Causa't-um,
CAUSE,
n. that

to plead.

ACCUSA'TIONS,

which produces

a result (11-6). ACCUSED', crime. EXCUSE', n. apology (324). 1. When fortune forsook Wolsey, many accusations were brought against him, and by the King's order he was arrested. 2. Wolsey's indomitable will sustained him under every mortification, until the King accused him of contumacy and duplicity.
2.

charged with

72.
1.

Cctu't-um,
n.
a.

to beware, to take care.

CAU'TION,

prudence.

PRECAUTION,

n.

previous care

INCAU'TIOUS,
(66-6).
1.

imprudent

to prevent mischief or se-

cure good (66-6). taking a circuitous route, and using great caution 9 Col. Barton captured Gen. Prescott in his dormitory, and transported him to the American lines before the guard could in

By

73.

Cavil'l-a, a

cavil,

jest,

a taunt.

1. CA'VIL, n. a frivolous objection. 1. Under every discouragement, Columbus never yielded to despon" dency, but to every cavil, replied, Only give me the means to try."

74.
1.
1.

Ca!v-us9 hollow.

Caver'n-a, a
2.

cavern.
n.

Ex'CAVATE, V. to hollow Out. CAV'ERN, n. a deep hollow

1.

EXCAVA'TION,

a hollow

or cavity formed

by remov-

place in the earth. The workmen employed

ing the interior.

to

excavate

the ground for the founda-

tion of a building in France, discovered in a probably placed there at a remote period.

cavern some

arrow-heads,

2. Such was the hostility of the Indians in 1644, that the Virginians were obliged to make a large excavation in the declivity of an adjacent hill, to which they could resort for concealment.

84
75.

A
Ce'd-o,

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I yield, I go.

Ces's-um,
to leave
off.

to yield, to go.

Cessa't-um,
1.

SUCCESS', n. favorable result.

12.

SECES'SION, n. withdrawing.

2.
3.

ACCEDE',
aid.

v.

to agree.
a.

ACCES'SORY,

4.

AN'CESTOR, n. from whom one is distantly

a descendant.

RECEDE', v. to go back. rendering 14. CEASE'LESS, a. unending. 15. SUCCES'SIVE, a. following a person in order.
ACCES'SION, n. coming to the throne (65-16).

13.

5. 6.

CONCEDE',
EXCESS',

v.

to admit.

ANTECEDENT,
fore (43-5).

a.

going beact
of

n.

more
a.

than

7.

enough. EXCES'SIVE,
INCES'SANT,
pause.

CES'SION,

n.

the

exceeding.

8.

a.

without

ceding (377-5). CESSA'TION, n. discontinuance (65-5).

8.
9.

SUCCESSION, n. series. PREDECES'SOR, n. one who was in a place before another.

DECEASE',

n.

death (12-3).
n.

INTERCESSION,

the act

of interceding (42-3).

10. PREC'EDENT,?!. an example. 11.

PROCE'DURE,
proceeding.

n.

manner

of

EXCEED' (see page 28). INTERCEDE' (see page 28). PRECEDE' (see page 28). PROCEED' (see page 28).

Search," and refused to adjust the

" adhered with such pertinacity to the Right of difficulty by compromise, Russia offered to mediate, but without success. 2. As the United States found it impossible to accede to the proposals of Great Britain, it was determined to prosecute the war with
1.

When England

renewed vigor. 3. That Burr was guilty of treason may be dubious ; but, unless the witnesses committed perjury, it is positive that he was accessory to some project of erecting an empire west of the Mississippi. 4. The lineal descendants of Henry VII. are found in the House of Tudor and House of Stuart but no sovereign of the lineage of Stuart
;

exhibits
5.

any of the The Secretary

qualities of his great ancestor, of State positively refuses to concede to a neutral

power the right to supply the enemy with the munitions of war. 6. As the United States has a large excess of cereal productions, the merchant is able to export grain, and import linen, linseed, and other
articles of merchandise.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
7.

85

The excessive use

to lay a tax on every distillery, not so increase the revenue.

of ardent spirits induced Congress, in 1790, much to promote sobriety as to

8. After the conquest of England, "William hoped to pass his days in peace, but the incessant quarrelling of his sons for precedence, and a succession of adverse events, rendered the latter part of his life miserable. 9. Martin Van Buren considered the suspension of specie payments to be the natural consequence of a series of injurious measures, carried on

during the administration of his predecessor. 10. The election of a person to the Presidency for the third time is not illegal ; but as Washington established the precedent of serving but twice, it has been thought best to follow his example.
11.

of a

Each House prescribes the mode of procedure for the expulsion member for a transgression of its rules. 12. The secession from the Church of England, of a few persons,
of great

regarded as vulgar and fanatic, has produced a denomination power and numerical strength.

mandate
to
14.

13. Canute, in order to reprove his obsequious followers, issued his to the wide expanse of ocean, and then waited for the waves

waters, disregarding the command of Canute, continued to advance, he reminded his followers that he was but an earthly potentate, and that none but the omnipotent God could stop its

recede. As the undulating

ceaseless
15.

flow.

In 1776, the American soldiers were reduced almost the news of each successive reverse.
76.
1.

to despair

by

Cel'ebr-is, renowned, famous. v. to honor by priate ceremonies or solemn ceremonies of joy and rerites.
CEL'EBRATE,
,

CELEB'RITY, n. fame. n. comCELEBRA'TION, CEL'EBRATED, a. famous memoration with appro(30-3). 1. It was determined to celebrate Washington's centennial birthday with unexampled pomp and splendor, in order to exhibit the estimation
spect.
2. in

which he was
2.

held,

of the 4th of July is salutary ; but the deplorable consequences attendant on the conflagration at Portland, ought to admonish us to select some more rational mode of showing our approbation.
discreet
3. William Pitt, Prime Minister, showed great discretion in civil affairs, but his celebrity is mainly attributable to his management of the war, which, from its superior fortification and position, by which Quebec

and the prosperity of the country.

celebration

was considered impregnable

treal,

was captured in 1759, and in 1760 thus completing the subjugation of Canada.
8

Mon-

86
77.
1.

A
Ce'ler,

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
swift, active, nimble.
v.

ACCEL'ERATE,
1.

to hasten.
1

2.

The British commander

tried to

hoping to reach Boston before impede their progress. 2. It is dangerous to jump from a car which is moving with great celerity 9 on account of the impetus imparted by the motion of the car.
cord,

CELEK'ITY, n. swiftness. accelerate the march from Conexcitement should lead the mob to

78. Cel'l-a, a
1.

cell,

a cellar.
2.

Cel'lul-a, a
CEL'LULAR,
a.

little cell.

consisting of cells. 1. Guy Fawkes hired a cellar, with the ostensible object of storing coal but his real intention was to deposit under the Parliament House a large quantity of explosive material, sufficient to demolish the whole su;

CEL'LAB,W. an underground room.

having

cells

perstructure. 2. If we make a cut through the skin,

we

find a substance called

" cellular tissue."

79. Ce'l-o, I conceal.

CONCEAL', v. to hide; to keep CONCEAL'MENT, n. the act of from sight (37-1). hiding (74-2).
80. Cel's-us, lofty, elevated, noble.

EXCELLENT,
81.

a.

of great

worth

(26-2).

Cw'lum,
a.

the sky;

the vault of heaven;

heaven.

CELES'TIAL,
82.
1.

Cceles'tis, heavenly. heavenly of the visible heavens (42-2).

;

Ceris-CO, I judge, I blame, I think. CEN'SOR, n. one who exam- 2. CENSO'RIOUS, ines the works of authors verely.
before they are allowed to

a.

judging

se-

be published.
1.

CEN'SUS, n. an official enumeration of the inhabitants

of a country (66-2).

QEN'SURABLE,
1.

a.

blamewor-

CEN'SURE, n. blame (68-1). thy. In several European countries there is a Government censor, who has power to condemn a book. Before you are allowed to edit a paper, and if anything censurapermission of this officer must be obtained,
ble appears, you must suffer the penalty. 2. The censorious character of Gen. Henry Lee caused him generally despised and shunned.
to be

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
83.
1.

87

Cerit-um,

a hundred.

CENTENA'RIAN, n. a person CEN'TURY, n. a hundred years who is a hundred years old. (62-1). 2. CENTU'RION, n. an officer CENTEN'NIAL, a. relating to a hundred years (76-1). over a hundred men. 3. CEN'TIGRADE, a. (gradior,) CEN'TIPED, n. (pes,) an insect divided into 100. having many feet (556-1). 1. Rev. Daniel Waldo, when almost a centenarian 9 participated
in the obsequies of Lincoln,

having formerly been intimate with Wash-

ington.
2.

The centurion

in the

Roman army commanded

infantry, similar to the

company, commanded by a captain,

a company of in the

American system.
freezing-point,

one which has the zero, or 0, at the and the distance between that and the boiling-point of water divided into 100.
3.

A centigrade thermometer is

84.
1.

Ceremo'ni-a 9

a rite or form.
pre-

CEREMO'NIOUS, a. consisting CEE/EMONIES, n. forms scribed (44-2). of outward forms and rites.

/ 1. Lord Beaconsfield (bec -ons-field), on his return from Berlin in 1878, was received with ceremonious pomp and display.

85.

Cer n-O,
9

I separate, I distinguish, I discern. to separate, to distinguish, to discern.

Cre't-

1.

2.
3.

CONCERN', n. anxiety. DECREE', n. edict. DECREE', v. to ordain.

a. prudent (76-2). DISCERN'MENT, n. judgment

DISCREET',

(30-1).

3.

DISCRIMINATING,
SECRETE',
v.

a. acute.

DISCRETION ,n.prudence(76-3)
SEC' RETARY,?i. chief of a depart-

4.

to hide.

DISCERN',
1.

v.

see (49-1).

Washington's great

ment of government (75-5). concern 9 when the war was likely to termi-

nate,
2.

was

to secure the liberation of the prisoners.

In 1598, Henry IV. of France issued a decree 9 allowing many

privileges to Protestants.
3.

The discriminating mind

of

William Penn led him

to the con-

justice to every one, however inferior he may be, is the only safe course for a legislator. 4. After the battle of Worcester, in 1651, Prince Charles was obliged to secrete himself in an oak at Boscobel several times, while in this
clusion, that to

decree

ynstic hiding-place,

he thought himself on the verge of ruin.

88

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a.

1.

86. Cer't-O, I contend, I vie. CONCERT', v. to contrive to- 2. PRECONCERT'ED,

gether.

con-

1.

DISCONCERT',
1.

v.

disturb.

trived or arranged together beforehand.

Washington, in 1781, held a council of his officers, to concert a plan to invest Yorktown. Each officer was provided with a succinct statement of the details of the attack, and the most intense anxiety was felt, lest some premature movement should disconcert the plan.
2.

ton,

met Arnold

According to a preconcerted plan, Andre*, the emissary of Clinclandestinely, to communicate to him the amount of

fidy

recompense offered by the British Government, as the price of his per; namely, promotion to the rank of Brigadier-General, and 30,000.

87.
1.

Cer't-US9

sure, certain.

CERTIFICATE,
CER'TIFY,
1.

n. (facio,)

written declaration.
1.
v.

a ASCERTAIN', v. to find out for a certainty (11-3).

to assure.

CER'TAIN,

a.

sure (510-4).

certificate from a physician, to certify that a death was produced by natural means, is necessary before the body can be interred.

88.
1.

Char'ta (kar'-ta),
n.

paper.

CHART,

a sheet of paper,

bestowing rights and privileges (112-3).

or pasteboard, on

which

in-

formation

is

presented.

CHAR'TER, n. from the sovereign power privileges (11-4). 1. There was no map nor chart of America, in the sixteenth
that was not full of errors.

EECHAR'TERING, part, grantan instrument ing again the rights and

century,

89.
1.

Cirig-o,

I gird.

Cinc't-um,
|

to gird.
a.

PRE'CINCT,
1.

n. limit.

SUCCINCT',

concise (86-1).

In 1621, Massasoit, covered with a profusion of ornament, came within the precinct of the Plymouth Settlement to make a treaty of
peace.

90. Ci'n-is
1.

(drier-is),
n. the act

ashes.
2.

INCINERA'TION,

INCIN'ERATE,
to ashes.

v.

to reduce

of burning to ashes.

1. It is easy to distinguish anthracite from bituminous coal, by the ashes which are produced by incineration. 2. It is difficult to incinerate the slate that is found with coal.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
91.
1.

89
a
little circle.

Cir'c-US, a
v.

circle.

Cir'cul-US,

CIR'CULATE,
circle.

to

move

in a

ENCIR'CLE, v. to form a circle about (532-2).

2.

CIRCULA'TION, n. the act of

CIR'CULAK,

a.

like

circle

(20-3). Fresh air and exercise cause the blood to circulate rapidly. 2. When Dr. Jenner attempted to convince any one that his theory of the circulation of the blood was correct, his auditor generally listened with an incredulous smile.
1.

moving

in a circle.

92. Ci't-o, I rouse, I call forth.

to call forth.
1.

Cita't-um,

to rouse,

CI'TED,^. summoned
court.

into

7.

CITA'TION, n. an
tice to
v.

official

no-

appear in court.
to repeat, to say,

2.

EXCIT' ABLE
up.

a. easily

stirred 8. KECITE',

as a lesson.

3. 3.

RECITA'TION, n. rehearsal. INCITE', v. to animate.

BESUS'CITATE,
v.

EXCITE',

v. stir

up
n.

(18-3).

EXCITE'MENT,
(77-1).

agitation

4.

to enliven.

5.
6.

INCITEMENT,
CITE,
1.

n.

impulse.

RECIT'AL,

n.

rehearsal

first

to quote. (24-2). When Parliament cited Charles to appear before them, he was at indignant at the dishonor cast upon him but, recovering his comv.
;

posure, he prepared for his journey. 2. When Charles I. appeared before the Parliament, everything portentous of evil; the hope of ultimately obtaining his release

given up by his most sanguine friends,

was was when they saw the excitable

mob, clamorous
3.

for his death.

The recitation of deeds of valor by some itinerant musician, or wandering bard, was calculated to incite the Scots to the highest pitch
of enthusiasm.
4. To resuscitate a drowned person, remedial measures should be applied promptly and without intermission. 5. To be able to educate their children according to the dictates of conscience, was all the incitement necessary to lead the Puritans to endure

the hardships incident to immigration. / 6. Aristotle, (ar is-tot-l,) the disciple of Plato, loved to cite the sayof his master. ings
7.

for treason,

Between the citation and arraignment of Lord William and his execution, only eight days elapsed.

Russell,

8. In oriental countries, all the pupils of a school are required to recite, or say over their lessons aloud, for the purpose of learning them.

90
93.
1.

A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Ci!v-is9 a
a.

citizen.
3.

Civ'ic,

relating to civil

CIV'ILIZE,

v.

to reclaim

from

honors.
2.

a savage state.
CIT'IZEN, n. an inhabitant of a. state or city (12-1).
CIV'IL, a. relating
to

CIVIL'IAN, n. one versed in

political affairs.

3.

CIVILIZA'TION, n. the state

of a civilized people.

the

(76-3). a claimant for the throne, several cities in the south of England loaded him with civic honors, doubtless expecting special favors should he become King.
1.

community

When

the

Duke

of

Monmouth was

2.

The Secretary

of State should not only be a

affairs.

civilian, but should

to

be well versed in military

3. The civilization of the United States has never tended ize the Indians, but rather to extirpate them.

civil-

94.

Cla'm-o,

I cry out, I shout. cry out, to shout.

n.

Clama't-um,
n.

to

1.

ACCLAMA'TION,

a shout CLAIM'ANT,

one that de-

2.

mands a right (93-1). expressive of assent. DECLAMA'TION, n. exercise CLAM'OKOUS, a. loudly imin public speaking. portunate, noisy (92-2).
RECLAIM', v. to reform. CLAIM, n. demand of a right PKOCLAMA'TION, n. publica(290-2). tion by authority. EXCLAIMED', v. uttered with
DISCLAIM',
possession
ter.
1.

3.

4.

4.

v.

to

of

earnestness (5-1). deny the any charac- PEG-CLAIM', v. publish by authority (see page 28).

In a convention to nominate a candidate for the Presidency, the nomination is made either by acclamation or by balloting.
2.

Demosthenes made such strenuous

efforts to

overcome the defect in

his vocal organs, that he became a model in declamation* 3. Many of the Virginians had previously led vagrant lives, Smith's efforts to reclaim them were useless.
4. The President, in his any designs upon Mexico.

and

proclamation, was
secret.

careful to

disclaim

95.
1.

Clandesti'n-us,

CLANDESTINE, a. secret; un- CLANDESTINELY, adv.

derhand.
1.

secretly
visits to

(86-2).

"William
II.,

Penn was charged with making clandestine

living in seclusion in France.

James

who was

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
96,
1.

91

Cla'r-US,

clear, shrill.

CLAR'ION,
pet.

n. a shrill

trum- DECLARATION,
tion (14-4).

n.

a proclama-

CLAR'IFYING, part- render- DECLARED', v. asserted proclaimed authority (180-9). ing clear (1-4). 1. As the clarion announced the return of the British from Concord,
;

the militia began to collect at Lexington, determined to throw every

impediment in their way.

97.

Clas S-is,

class.

class of
1.

Clas'sid, the Roman citizens.

2.

first

or highest

CLAS'SIC, CLASSICAL, a. relating to authors of the highest rank, such as Virgil,

CLAS'SIFY,
classes.

v.

to arrange in

3.

Homer, and Milton.

1.

CLASSIFICATION, n. (facio,) arrangement in classes.

it was necessary to classify the Senate, so that one-third vacate their seats every second year. 3. The classification of the Senate gives at all times a large majority familiar with the mode of transacting business.

juvenile pieces are replete with allusions to the 2. At the organization of the Government,

Milton must have been a diligent student of classic writers, as his Roman and Greek authors.

98.

Clau'd-o,

or

clu'd-o,

I shut, I close.

Clan'sdecisive

cum,
1.

or
to

clu's-um,
shut

to shut, to close.
a.

SECLUDE',
apart.

V.

up CONCLUSIVE,
(65-12).

1.

CLOIS'TER, n. a monastery.

CONCLUSION,

n.

final

deci-

2.
3.

sion (85-3). PRECLUDE', v. to prevent. CLAUSE, n. a separate por- INCLUD'ED, v. comprehended

tion of a written paper.

(290-2).
v.

SECLU'SION,
(95).

n.

retirement CONCLUDE',

decide

(see

29). 1. In 1556, the Emperor Charles V. determined to abdicate, and Seclude himself in a cloistT 9 hoping to enjoy that felicity which the
possession of imperial power was unable to impart. 2. In order to preclude the possibility of a Stuart coming to the throne, an act was passed settling the crown on Sophia. Henrietta,

page

granddaughter of Charles
succession.
3.

I.,

determined to protest against the act of

By

clause

in the will of

appointed during the minority of

Henry VIII., a Edward VI.

council of sixteen

wag

92
99.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
mild, merciful.
n.

Clemens (demerit-is),
a.
|

INCLEM'ENT,

stormy (24-2). CLEM'ENCY,

lie lie

mercy

(30-3). to

100. Cli'n-o, I bend, I bend, to

1.

down. down.

Clina't-um,

lNCLiNA'TiON,rc.propensity.

of the sun from the equator

2.

CLIN'ICAL, a bed.

a.

pertaining to
n.

(169-9).
(see (see

DECLINA'TION,
1.

DECLINE' distance KECLINE'

page page

29). 29).

"If

" I will not hesitate to disinherit of England," said Admiral Penn, him." 2. Medical students derive great benefit from clinical lectures at the

my

son shows any

inclination

to dissent

from the Church

hospitals.

101. Cli'v-US, an ascent, a

1.
I

hill.
;

PROCLIV'ITY, n. proneness. DECLIV'ITY, n. descent a de2. ACCLIV'ITY, n. ascent. scending surface (74-2). 1. The proclivity of the Indians to the use of ardent spirits, tends to deteriorate their character, and reduce them to the lowest rank in
I

society.
2.

As the

British ascended the

fire.

acclivity , Prescott ordered

his

men

to reserve their

102.
1.

Co'dex (cod'ic-is),

the trunk of a tree

a will.

COD'ICIL, n. a supplement CODE, n. a collection or digest of laws (57-4). to a will.

1.

King Eichard's procrastination

;

succession

in altering his will endangered the but on his death-bed he added a codicil 9 giving the kingdom

to his brother.

103.

Co'l-O,
v.

cultivate.
tiller,

Cul't-um,
COL'ONIES,
n.

to

cultivate.

Colo'n-US, a
1.

a husbandman.
settlements

CUL'TIVATE,
colony.
1.

to

till.

2.

COL'ONISTS, n. settlers in a

abroad which are subject to

the parent state (11-6).

In the reign of Richard, a peasant employed by a baron to cultivate his land, found a ponderous chest filled with money. 2. Had not Pocahontas given to one of the colonists an intimation
of the

inhuman

plot to exterminate the white race in Virginia,

it

would

have been entirely destroyed.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
104. Co'lor,
1.

93

color, hue, tint.

2.

COL'OR, n. hue, tint; that

DISCOLORA'TION,
tion of

n. altera-

which gives
1.
2.

color.

hue or

tint.

Black

is

the absence of color, and white the combination of all colors.

is

When
;

the cuttle-fish

pursued,

it

throws out a brownish-black

it

liquor

the

discoloration

of the water enables

to elude observation.

105.

Co'mes (com'it-is),
affable.
n.

a companion.

Co'mis,

1.

COM'ITY,

kindness
a.

of

3.

COUNT,

n.

a nobleman of

manner.
2.

the rank of an Earl.

CONCOM'ITANT,
with.

going

1. The comity shown by Louis have been no obstacle to the continuance of peace, had not Louis induced James to invade Ireland. 2. The defeat at Long Island, with all the concomitant circum-

VIS'COUNT, n. a nobleman below an Earl (427-1). XIV. to the destitute James, would

stances,
3.

of great mental distress to every patriot. Andrassy represented Austria in the Berlin Congress, and Bismarck represented Germany.

was the cause

Count

106. Concil'i-UWl, an assembly

1.

a council.

CONCILIATORY,

a. fitted to

allay angry feelings.

to friendship (69-2).
1.

COUN'CIL, n. an assembly held for consultation (86-1).

CONCIL'IATING, p. winning KEC'ONCILE, v. to bring to acquiescence (241-1).

Many

Tories, -in 1775, fearing the confiscation of their property,

advocated conciliatory measures.

107.
1.

Co'pi-a,

plenty.

COKNUCO'PIA,
1.

n. (cornu,)

horn of plenty.

All the productions common to the latitude of Alabama, are found in such abundance in that State, that a cornucopia was placed on the
coat of arms.

108.
1.

Co'qu-o,
v.

I boil.

Coc't-um,

to boil.

CONCOCT',

to devise.

boiling anything to extract

of Ala~

2.

its virtues. DECOC'TION, n. the act of 1. In the war of 1812, Tecumseh went through the frontiers
2.

bama and

Georgia, to concoct a scheme for a general war. Whether tea should be prepared by infusion or decoction9

is

disputed point with housekeepers.

94
109.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

(cor'd-is), the heart. CONCORDANCE, n. an index 4. CORDIAL'ITY, n. sincerity. of words contained in a book. 4. ACCORDANCE, n. agreement.
DISCOUR'AGEMENT, which deters (73).
COUR'AGE,
(509-4).
n.
n.

Cor

2.
3.

COR'DIAL, a. sincere. COR'DIAL, n. anything that gladdens the heart.

that

boldness

3.

DISCOUR'AGED,
ened.
1.

a.

disheart-

KEC'ORD,
referring to a

n. register (558-3).
it is

By

Concordance

of the Bible,

easy to find

any
2.

text.

William was received in the most cordial manner by the Parlia-

ment.

The best cordial that Columbus could administer to his dis" " men, was the cry of Land ahead 4. William of Orange was received with great cordiality by the his own. people of England, whose views were in accordance with
3.

couraged

110.
1.

Cor'nu,
n.

COR'NET,
pet.
1.

a horn, a trumpet. a sort of trum- CORNUCO'PIA, n. (copia,) horn

of plenty (107). immense concourse were gathered together to dedicate the image which Nebuchadnezzar had set up, a herald was heard to iterate the " At the sound of the cornet 9 &c., ye fall down and worship." words,

When

the

111.
1.

Coro'n-a,

a crown.

CROWN, n. an ornament worn on the head by a sovereign.

inquire into the violent deaths.

cause of

CORO'NA,
n.

n.

a luminous ap-

1.

CORONA'TION,
crowning. COR'ONET,

the act of
inferior
nobility. officer to

pearance which surrounds the dark body of the moon

2.

n. an crown worn by the

during a total eclipse (642). COR'OLLARY, n. an inference

(298-1).

3.

COR'ONER,
1.

n.

an
is

The elegant

crown,

at her
2.

coronation,

resplendent with jewels, which Victoria wore kept in the Tower of London.
leaves.

3.

The coronet of a British Duke is adorned with strawberry In large cities, the office of Coroner is no sinecure.

112.
1.

Cor'p-us (cor'por-is),
n.

a body.
a.

ficer

COR'PORAL, over a body of soldiers.

the lowest

of-

2.

COR'PORATE, one body.

united into

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
3.

95

CORPORATION,
politic.

n.

a body COR'PUSCLE, n. a minute body

(27-1).
n. excessive fat-

4.

CORPO'REAL,
terial.

a.

not imma- CORPULENCY,

ness (1-5).

5.

COR'PULENT,

a.

bulky very HA'BEAS-COR'PUS,

;

n.

(habeo,)

fleshy in proportion to the frame of the body.

1.

a writ to bring a person

into court (307-2).

corporal's guard" is an expression used to denote a small of soldiers which usually accompany a corporal.

"A

body

2. When an association desire to become a corporate body they apply to the Legislature or a court for a charter. 3. In 1629, the king granted a charter to the Plymouth Colony, and

the

corporation

received the

name

of the

"

Governor and Company

of the Massachusetts

England." 4. So sanctimonious was Becket, when he became Archbishop, that he appeared unconscious of the fact that he possessed a corporeal nature. 5. Henry VIII. towards the close of his life, became very corpulent.
,

Bay

in

New

113.
1.

Cras,

to-morrow.
v.

PROCRASTINATE,
off.
1.

to

put PROCRASTINATION,
ring (102).

n.

defer-

procrastinate9 he
of his delinquency.

Lee intended to increase the guard, but, accustomed to defer and neglected it a long imprisonment was the result
;

114.
1.

Cre'd-o,

I believe.

Cred' it-urn,
CRED'ULOUS,
lieve (45).

to believe.

CRE'DENCE,
CRED'IBLE,
belief.

n. belief.

a.

apt

to

be-

2.

CRED'IT, n. trust.
a.

3.

worthy of
those
title to

INCREDU'LITY, n. slowness of
belief (45).

3.

CREDENTIALS, n. things which give

belief.
1.

INCREDIBLE,
(31-2).

a.

not to be be-

lieved; not worthy of credit

.

so conscientious in the discharge of his duty, and so energetic in the defense of Danbury, that few could give cr edence to the report of his treason.
2. Such was the reputation of Robert Morris, that, when Government credit was low, he could obtain on his own security a large amount of

Arnold had appeared

money.
3. It seemed scarcely credible 9 that one of the legation to France, possessing the .proper credentials 9 should be rejected, while his colleague was received.

A
115.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I create.

Cre'-o,

Crea't-uin,
2.

to create.
n.

CREA'TOR, n. God, the maker

of all things.

RECREA'TIONS,
ments.

amuse-

1.

CR-EA'TION, n. the act bringing into existence.

1.

of

3.

CKEAT'UKE, n. an animal anything with life.

ing
2.

God

Dryden, in one of his poems, represents a sapient deist acknowledgas the creator, but denying that he has given to man any

revelation of the

creation.
calculated to invigorate the constitution. creature, whose habits are more interesting

Formerly, the higher classes in England devoted a great deal of

time to
3.

recreations,
is

scarcely any than those of the ant.

There

116.

Cre'p-o,

sound,

rattle.

Crep'it-um,

to

sound, to rattle.
1.

DISCREPANCY,
ency.
1.

n. inconsist-

2.

DECREPITUDE, n. feebleness
produced by age.
in the reports of the battle of

There was a great

discrepancy

Stillwater, as given
2.

by Gates and Arnold.

years produce,

The gradual decay of the body, with the decrepitude which is beautifully described by Shakespeare.

117.
1.

Cres'c-o,

I grow.

Cre't-um,
ard).
3.

ExcREs'cENCE,n. something growing unnaturally out of

to grow. (used as the Turkish stand-

something
2.

else.

ACCRUES',
INCREASE',

v. arises.
v.

ORES' CENT, n. a figure the shape of the new moon

to

augment

1. nutgall is an give a black tint.

excrescence

(75-7). of the oak

a small quantity will

2. The Crescent has waved over Constantinople since 1453, when the city was taken by the Turks. 3. All the revenue which accrues from taxes, duties, imposts, and

excises, goes into the treasury of the

United

States.

118.
1.

Cri'men (crim'in-is),

a crime, an accusation.

an offender RECRIM'INATION, n. return CRIM'INAL, of one accusation with against law a malefactor a
;

another.
2.

RECRIM'INATE,
a charge.

v.

convict (31-3). to retort CRIME, n. a violation of the

law

(57-1).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
The constant quarrelling and recrimination until 1686. people of New Hampshire continued
1.

97
of

Mason and

the

2. Commodore Barren's impulsive nature led him, when charged with cowardice, to recriminate^ and from this and subsequent events there resulted a duel, in which Decatur received a mortal wound.

119.
1.

Cru'd-us,
a.

unripe, raw.

Crude'l-is,
a.

cruel.

CRUDE,
1.

unripe
is

not come CRU'EL,

its

causing unneces-

to a perfect state.
Fruit,

sary pain (216-3).

maturity, will produce indigestion
state.

which

wholesome in

if

taken when immature, or in a

crude

120.
1.

Crux
a.

(cru'c-is), a
severe.
a.

cross.
4.

CRU'CIAL,

2.

EXCRU'CIATING,

ex5.

CRU'CIFORM, a. (forma,) having the form of a cross. CRUSADE',

n.

3.

tremely painful. CRU'CIBLE, n. a chemical

melting-pot. CROSS, n. an instrument of
torture.
1.

a hostile ex-

pedition undertaken for religious motives.

3.

EXCRU'CIATE,

V.

to put to

severe pain (290-3).

like

To an ambitious man

Wolsey, the crucial

trial

was the

indignity cast upon him personally. 2. The Covenanters of Scotland were subjected to the most ating torture to extort from them a denial of their faith.
3.

excruci"
marked

Ancient alchemists, searching

for the philosopher's stone,

the

crucible with a cross.

4. St. Mark's, at Venice, like most of the cathedrals, is cruciform 9 the transept and nave forming the Greek cross. 5. The desire to join the Crusade spread from the cities to the rural

districts,

and even coy and timid children

started for the

Holy Land.

121.

Cu'b-o,

or

cum'b-o,

I lie

down.

Cu'Mt-tvm,
n.

the elbow.
1.

ENCUM'BER, v. to oppress with a burden.

lNCUM'BENT,a.restingupon.

4.

ENCUM'BRANCE,
den.

a bur-

2.

SUCCUMB',

v.

sink under a

3.

KECUM'BENT,

a.

lying.

difficulty (11-7).

1. The Navigation Laws of England seemed devised to encumber the colonies, and provoke them to act on the defensive. 2. It is incumbent on Congress so to legislate, that the laws shall tend to establish the fundamental principles of our government.

98
3.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
of

The arrogant Duke

Monmouth,

after his defeat in 1685,

to

assume a

recumbent

position in a ditch,

was glad where he had time to re-

pent of his presumption and folly. 4. Those who contended in the Olympic Games, were careful to practise the strictest temperance, and to lay aside every encumbrance
that might impede their progress.

122.
1.

Cul'p-a,

a fault, blame.
2.

EXCUL'PATE,^. to clear from blame.

1.

worthy

CUL'PABLE, a. blamable of blame.

hoped to exculpate himself, for the management of the which resulted in such a disastrous defeat. expedition, 2. The seizure of Osceola, under a flag of truce, was considered a most culpable and fraudulent act.
St. Glair

123.
1.

Cu'mul-US,
a.

a heap.
2.

CUMULATIVE, piled up; increasing by additions.

ACCUMULATED, to heap up;

to collect.

1. As the evidence against Arnold became more and more cumulative, no doubt existed that he would be convicted of maladministration

of his
2.

office.

desire of Henry VII. to accumulate wealth, led him to undertake an enterprise under the direction of John Cabot.

The

124.
1.

Cu'ra, cure. PROCUREMENT, n.

CU'RIOUS,
a. rare.

tbe act

ACCURATE,

a.

exact

free

from

of procuring.
2.

error (15-1). CU'RATE, n. a clergyman hired

to

3.

PROX'Y,
other.

n.

agency of ana.

do

duty

for

another

(57-3).

4.

CU'RABLE,

remedy.
SI'NECURE,

admitting of a PROCURE', v. to obtain (39). SECU'RITY, n. assurance (114n. a position 2).

v.

which gives income without SECURE', 1). employment (111-3).

1.

to

make

sure (85-

atile

The procurement of a charter for Connecticut, from such a voland voluptuous monarch as Charles II., required great tact. 2. By a fortuitous circumstance, Winthrop had in his possession a curious ring, the gift of Charles I. The king at first ordered that the
application should receive a negative answer, but, at sight of the ring, he to countermand the order, and to grant the charter.

was induced

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
is

99

3. The courtship of Charles II. having been performed by proxy 9 it not remarkable that he did not find his wife very congenial. 4. Smith, fearing that the contusion, from which he was suffering,

would be no longer curable^ returned

125.
1.
1.

to

England.
to run.

Cur'r-o,
a.

I run.

Cur's-um,
6.
7.

2.

3.

CUE/RENT, passing. CUR'RENCY, n. money. PRECUR'SOR, n. forerunner. CUR'SORY, a. hasty.

COU'RIER,
in haste.
n.

INCUR'SION, n. invasion.

EXCURSION,

n. expedition.

8.
9.

CAREER', n. course.

4.

messenger sent
n. speech.
a.

OCCURRENCE, n. event. CONCURRENCE, n. combination of circumstances (23). CON'COURSE, n. assembly of

5.
5.

DISCOURSE',
DISCUR'SIVE,

rambling.
application

persons (110).

6.

RECOURSE',
for aid.

n.

COURSE,
CONCUR',

n. policy (85-3).
v.

agree (page 29).

29).

6.

SUC'COR, n. help in distress. 1. The debasing of the current

of a country,
is

,^.

happen (page

coins, or the counterfeiting of the

currency
fine.
2.

a crime, punishable with imprisonment and

is

tized

John, the precursor of Christ, by immersion.

thought by

many

to

have bap-

3. On a cursory examination, Columbus decided that the land he had discovered was the East Indies it was impossible for him to realize the immense extent of ocean which lay between. 4. When the courier announced the surrender of Cornwallis, it was past midnight in Philadelphia, and the inhabitants, who did not anticipate such tidings, were astonished to hear the watchman calling "Past
;

12 o'clock, Cornwallis surrendered."

5. An extemporaneous discourse one delivered from manuscript. 6.
is

generally more

discursive than

sion
of

The ancient Britons suffered so dreadfully from a predatory incurof the Picts and Scots, that they had recourse to the Consul Gaul, whom they prayed, in the most abject terms, to send them
for

succor. 7. Queen Victoria has,

Balmoral (bal-mo'-ral)
;

many

years,

made a summer excursion to

the salubrity of the climate, and the reverential affection of the people, make these visits very agreeable to the royal/amity. 8. The career of Columbus is an excellent exemplification of the
transitory nature of worldly honor. 9. The bursting of the Peace-maker,

the construction,

which resulted from some was a most lamentable occurrence.

error in

100
126.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
crooked.

Cur'v-us,
a.

CURVE,
curved.
1.

bent

without

2.

CURVILIN'EAR,

a.

(linea,)

having any angles; crooked,

3.

consisting of curve lines. INCURV'ATE, v. to bend.

Any part of the curve line, which forms a circle, is called an arc. 2. Meridians are curvilinear 9 although on the map they may be
represented as straight. 3. Persons engaged in sedentary occupations, should be careful not to incurvate the spine, but to maintain an erect posture.

127.
1.

Cus't-OS (custo'd-is), a

keeper.

CUS'TODY, n. imprisonment.

1. In 1605, a tremendous excitement was produced in England by the discovery of a conspiracy to destroy both houses of Parliament, by an

explosion of gunpowder.
efforts

Guy Fawkes was taken

into

custody, and

were made

to implicate a peer of the realm.

128.
1.

Cur^t-us,
a. short,

short.
1.
|

CUKT,
1.

crusty.

CURT'NESS,

n. shortness.

"What

can I do for you?" said Alexander to Diogenes.

"Stand

from between me and the sunshine," was the curt reply. When asked " " " What can you do? Diogenes replied, with curtness, I can govern men therefore sell me to some one who needs a master."
;

129. Cu't-is, the skin.

v 1.

CUTA'NEOUS,
1.

a. affecting

the skin.

dreading the contagion of cutaneous diseases, were very careful not to inhale the breath of a leper, or come in contact with one in any way.

The

Israelites,

130.
1.

Dam'n-um,
v.

harm,

loss.

INDEMNIFY,
burse.

to

reim- INDEM'NITY, n.
for loss (277).

compensation

DAM' AGE,

n.

injury (28-3).
(fa-

CONDEMN',

v.

to give sentence

INDEMNIFICATION, n. cio,) reimbursement of

(28-3).
1.

against (82-1).

loss

CONDEMNATION, n. demning (181).

act of con-

The

demnify
to 1810.

spoliation bill paid by France in 1835, was intended to inthe United States for injury done to her commerce from 1794

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
131.
1.

101

Deb'-eo,

I owe.

Deb'it-um,
who
2.

to owe.
v.

DEBT'OR, n. the person

DEB'IT,
debt.

to

charge with

owes another.
1.

solute release
2.

in 1878, secured to the debtor an abfrom his obligation to pay. Edward III. determined to debit John of Gaunt with the expenses

The bankrupt law, repealed

of the

war

in Castile.

132.
1.

De'c-em,
a.

ten.

DECEN'NIAL,

(annus,)

DEC'IMAL,

n.

a fraction pro-

happening every ten years. 1. The decennial enumeration

immigrant generally
portions of the country.

ceeding by tens (492).

of our population, shows that the rather than in the maritime

settles in the interior,

133.
1.

De'cen-s (decen'tn.

DE'CENCY,
conduct;

propriety of

2.

DECO'RUM,
behavior.

n.

propriety of
to adorn.

quality of being suitable in behavior.

1.

3.

DEC'ORATE,

v.

After the deposition of

of kindness, or even

Edward

II., his

treatment showed a total

kill

want
ill

decency 9 and
I.

a determination to

him by

usage.
2.

The attendants of Charles

To decorate
St. Paul's,

acted in his presence with the greatest

of
its

decorum.
3.

was the great delight

architect, Sir

Christopher Wren.

1.

(derit-is), a tooth. INDENT'UKE, n. a mutual 3. INDENT', v. to cut into points or inequalities. agreement, a copy of which is held by each party. DEN'TIFRICE, n. (frico, to
134.

Dens

2.

DENT'IST, n. one
ates
1.

who

oper-

upon

teeth.

rub,) a powder for cleaning the teeth (498-3).

In the reign of James I., the indenture of an apprentice usually contained an express stipulation of the quantity of beer allowed.
2. Formerly, the dentist and the barber were identical; the ability to extract a tooth, being the only dental knowledge necessary. 3. Anciently, it was customary to indent the paper on which the

contract for an apprentice

was written.

9*

102
135.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
thick, close.
2.

Deris-us,

CONDENSATION, n. compression.

CONDENSE',

v.

to compress.
;

DENSE, a. compact opposed

1.

to rare (475-1). DEN'SITY, n. compactness. 1. The application of cold, to solidify a fluid, usually produces con-

densation;
2.

but the

density

of ice

is less

than that of water.

to

To write acceptably for the daily press, a person must be able condense, and to seize on the salient points of a subject.
136.
1.

Dete'rior,

worse.
to

state of
1.

DETERIORATION, n. the DETERIORATE, v. worse (101-1). having grown worse.

I

make
we

compare

The deterioration of Spain as a nation its present and past condition.

is

easily seen, if

137. De'-us, God. DE'ITY, n. the Divine being. The nature and essence of

DE'IST, n. one who believes in God, but denies revelation

(115-1).

God
138.
1.

(68-2).

Dex'ter,
a.

pertaining to the right hand, expert.

3.

2.

DEXTER'ITY, DEX'TEROUS,
ful
1.

n. expertness.

AMBIDEX'TER,
both,) one

n.

(ambo,

expert skil;

who

uses both
facility.

and

active.

hands with equal

The jugglers of India exhibit a dexterity 9 which is perfectly marvellous.

2.

in every manoeuvre,

Alexander, by a
It
is

cephalus, and,
3.

dexterous movement, seized the bridle by gentle treatment, soon made him tractable.
is

of

Bu-

evident, that for

an expert workman, who

many kinds of work, an ambidexter.

show.

it

is

necessary to have

139.

Di'c-o,

I devote, I

Dica't-um,
v.

to devote,

to show.
1.

2. 3.

IN'DICATE, v. to show. INDICA'TION, n. token. IN'DEX, n. a table of contents.

DEDICATE,
(110).

to

consecrate

PRED'ICABLE,
1.

a.

capable of

to AB'DICATE, v. to resign surrender formally, as a

;

being affirmed (231-4).

crown

(98-1).

"Everything," says John Robinson, in his diary, "seems to indicate that we must leave Holland." 2. It is impossible to surmount the difficulties of our social position,

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
which tend
to demoralize our children
;

103
of Providence

every

indication

points to America as our refuge. 3. scientific book is often much improved

by the addition

of

an in-

dex

and vocabulary.

140. Di'c-o, I say.

1. DIC'TION, n. style.

Dic't-um,
8.

to say.

2.

DICTATORIAL,
bearing.

a.

over-

9.

DIC'TUM, n. assertion. IN'TERDICT, n. a prohibition of the Pope.

3.

CONTRADICTION, n. opposition; denial.

10. INDITE', v. to compose. 11. DICTIONARY, n. a vocab-

4.

CONTRADICTORY,
position
to.

a.

in op12.

ulary.

VER'DICT,
cision.

n. (verus,) de-

5.

INDICT', v. to charge by formal accusation.

DIC'TATES, n. an authoritative rule (92-5).

6.

MALEDIC'TION,
a curse.

n. (malus,)

DICTA'TOR,

n.

Roman

magistrate (15-2). PREDICT', v. foretell (22-5). " 1. To acquire a pure diction, read the works of the Augustan Age." 2. The disposition of Henry VIII. was irascible, and his manner dictatorial. 3. When an invalid, Henry VIII. would not endure the slightest

7.

E'DICT, n. proclamation of command or prohibition.

contradiction.
4.

to mollify

Catharine Parr, the last wife of Henry VIII., was generally able him but one day she gave him an answer, which was con;

tradictory
5.

to

some of

his opinions.

Excited by Bishop Gardiner's insinuation that it was derogatory to the conjugal relation, to allow such an act, Henry ordered the Chancellor
to

indict
6.

her.

The prudent and sagacious Catharine managed so adroitly, that the .malice of the King was directed against the Bishop, on whom he pronounced a bitter malediction. 7. Every avocation in France suffered when Louis XIV. was induced to revoke the edict of Nantes.
8.

"The proof

not rest on

my dictum
some

of the rotundity of the earth," said Columbus, "does but on three facts, obvious to all deride as you ,
;

please, but give rne I assert."

9.

ships,

and

I will demonstrate the truth of

what

10.

In the reign of King John, England was laid under an Interdict* W. H. Prescott, notwithstanding his blindness, was able to indite
etc.

such erudite works as the History of Mexico,

104
11.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

A good dictionary 9 such as Webster's or Worcester's Unabridged,

not only gives the meaning, but a sentence containing the word, as a model. 12. Sentence of death was pronounced on Charles I. the same day
that the

verdict was

rendered.

141.
1.

Di'-es, a day.
a. daily.

DIUK'NAL,
piece.

2.

DI'AL, n. face

of a

DI'ARY, n. a journal (139-1). time- MERID'IANS,. (medius,) great circles passing through the
poles and cutting the equator at right angles (126-2).

2.

MEEID'IAN,
noon.
1.

n.

(medius,)

The

diurnal

rotation of the earth

upon

its

axis produces the

change of day and night. 2. At all places between the polar circles, in the same longitude, the sun dial will indicate meridian at the same instant.

1.

142. Dig'it-llS, a finger a finger's breadth. DI'GIT, n. any one of the figures from 1 to 9.
;

1.

Is the cipher to be considered a

digit?

No

there are but nine

digits.

143.
1.

Dig'n-us, worthy. Digna't-us, thinking worthy.

v.

DIG'NIFY, honor.

to

advance

to

DIG'NITY, n. nobleness (56-2). INDIG'NITY, n. injury accom-

2. 3.

CONDIGN',

a.

merited.

DEIGN,
1.

v.

condescend.

panied by insult (120-1). INDIG'NANT, a. angry and dis-

4.

DISDAIN', v. to contemn. gusted (92-1). The Queen determined to dignify the architect of the Crystal Palace by making him a Baronet. 2. On the arrest of Andre", a conference was held, and it was decided that condign punishment must be visited on all concerned. 3. Many, who would not deign to notice Columbus when he left Spain, were willing to ennoble him on his return. 4. To disdain or despise the poor, because of their poverty, is to reflect dishonor on the Creator.
144.
1.

Dilu'vi-um,

DEL'UGE, n. a flood. ANTEDILU'VIANS, n. those

1.

a deluge, a flood. who lived before the flood

(7-1).

According to Usher's chronology, the or 2348 B.C.

deluge

occurred 1656 A.M.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
145.
1.

106

Discip'ul-us,
n.

a learner.
;

an training, DISCI'PLE, n. a follower adherent (92-6). physical or mental. 1. Parental discipline was formerly so rigid, that a child was not
DISCIPLINE,
sit,

allowed to

in presence of the parent, without permission.

146.
1. 2.

Di'v-US,

a god

God.
3.

DIVINA'TION,

n. foretelling.

DIVINE', a. having the nature of God.

1.

DIVINE', n. a theologian. DIVIN'ITY, n. the science of divine things (49-2).

Fortune-tellers profess to practise divination with the sediment of coffee, the lines of the hand, wych-hazel, etc.
2.

The idea

of the existence of a

divine

being, seems to be innate in

the

human mind.

3. * Dr. Biles, a celebrated divine of Boston, was noted for his humor. In order to illuminate the darkness of their streets, the Selectmen of Boston had imported lamps from England, which, according to the usual There practice, they proceeded to suspend from the lamp-posts by chains..

" New Lights." One of these, a was, at this time, a religious sect called matron, noted for her illiberality had annoyed the doctor with her loMeeting this lady one day, the folquacity and inquisitive disposition.
,

" Madam, have you heard the important lowing colloquy took place " " News news ? What news ? " " I do not wish to grieve you," said " the doctor but a number of New Lights arrived this morning, and " " the Selectmen have ordered them all to be put in irons Doctor, are you certain of this?" "Madam," said the doctor, with imperturbable " I can testify to the truth of the statement, for I saw one of gravity,
:
!

'

'

Oh But, remember, this is entirely confidential" certainly," said madam and with an abrupt "good-by," the lady hurried off to spread the intelligence.
them hanging.
!

"

147.
1.

Do, I give. Da't-um, to give. Do'n-um,

v.

gift.

2.

3.

ED'ITOR, KEN'DER, lishes (54-2). DONEE', n. one who receives a gift. UNCONDI'TIONAL, terms (11-8). DO'NOB, n. giver.

to furnish.

n.

one

who puba.

without

CONDI'TION, n. state (11-3). SURREN'DER,

n.

giving

up

DONA'TION, n. gift (36). ADDI'TION, n. increase (1-6).

(11-8). ADD, v. to join to (560).

* When scholars are required to combine a word contained in a long paragraph, they should make a clear, distinct statement similar to the model given. Dr. Biles, meeting a very loquacious lady, a witty colloquy took place Dr. Biles could preserve the most imperturbable gravity, while saying the funniest things.

106

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

1. When the French Government was unwilling to render any aid, Lafayette offered his services to the American cause. 2. Congress, grateful for the generous conduct of Lafayette, determined to make him the donee of a large tract of land.

3.

Boston and Philadelphia are greatly indebted to Franklin,

who was

2000, the nucleus of the Philadelphia Library, and of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
the
of

donor

148.
1.

Do'c-eo,
n.

I teach.

Doc't-um,
n.
is

to teach.

DOCIL'ITY,

n. teachableness.

2.

DOC'TRINE,
taught. DOC'ILE,
a.

that which

one who has reDOC'TOR, ceived a diploma a teacher

;

(49-2).

3.

teachable

will-

DOC'UMENT,

n.

a paper con-

ing to learn. taining evidence (11-5). 1. The most inveterate, enemy of Charles I. longed to condole with him in the grief occasioned by the death of his little daughter, whose docility and ingenuousness had won the love of all who knew her.
2. Many Pagans admit the doctrine, that a part of man is immortal, even though they believe in the annihilation of the body. 3. A docile disposition in infancy and youth is the best indication

of a learned old age.

149.

Do'le-O,
a.

DOLE'FUL,
150.
1.

I am in pain. I grieve sorrowful (68-3). CONDOLE' (see page 29).

;
|

Dom'in-US9
n.

a master

a lord.

DOMIN'ION,
power.

sovereign DOMINEER', v. to rule with insolence (22-3).

n.

DOMINATION,
(65-9).
1.

tyranny PREDOMINATE,
over (27-1).

v.

to

prevail

When

the Colonies determined to throw off the

dominion of Great
sub-

Britain, the

dominant power in Boston held Tory

principles.

151.

Do'm-0, I
a.

subdue, I tame. due, to tame.

Dom'it-UWl, to

1.

UNDAUNT'ED,
idated.

not intim- UNDAUNT'EDLY, adv.

idly (46).

intrepin-

INDOM'ITABLE, subdued (71-2).

1.

a.

not to be DAUNT'LESS,

a.

fearless;

trepid (618-1).

De

Soto,

undaunted by the dangers that surrounded him, pressed

forward to the Mississippi, which he discovered in 1541.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
152.
1.

107

Do'm-US,
v.

a house, a home.
to tame.
[2.

DOMES'TICATE,
1.

DOMICILE,

n.

mansion.

found a serpent in a dormant or torpid state, and took it home, intending to domesticate it; but he had reason to repent of his the reptile stung him. folly, when
2. Having indubitable proof, that the King was implacable, Wolsey redisconsolate and dejected, sought signed his splendid domicile, and, the hospitality of Leicester Abbey, where he died.

A man

153.

Dor'm-io,
a.

I sleep.

Dormi't-um,
DOR'MITORY,
n.

to sleep.

DOR'MANT,
(152-1).

insensible

sleeping-

room
the back.

(72).

154.
1.

Dor's-um,

ENDORSE', v. to write one's name on the back of a paper. 1. To transfer a promissory note, it is necessary to endorse it.
155.

Du'bi-um,
a.

doubt.
;

Dubita t-um,
f

to doubt.

DU'BIOUS,

uncertain

doubt- INDU'BITABLE,

a.

not to be

ful (75-3).

doubted (152-2).
I lead.

156.
1.

Du'c-o,
a.

Duc't-um,
ment
DUKE,

to lead.
;

DUC'TILE,
ing

drawn

capable of beinto a wire flex;

CON'DUCT, n. behavior deport(11-1).

n. one of the highest order of nobility (111-2).
v.

ible.
2.

CON'DUIT,

n.
v.

a water-pipe.
to tend.

3. 4.

CONDUCE',

ED'UCATE,
for-

to

bring

up

ADDUCE', ward.
DEDUCE', Due' AT,

v.

to

bring

(92-5).

INTRODUCTORY, a. preliminary
v. infer.

4.
5.

(54-1).

n.

silver
;

worth about a dollar

INDUCE' (see page 30). and a PRODUCE' (see page 30).

coin
it

KEDUCE' (see page 30). gold of twice the value. 1. The ductile quality of gold, enables the artificer to attenuate

in

a most remarkable degree. 2. A conduit, intended to supply Jerusalem with water, was made impervious by a cement, known only to the ancients. 3. Public schools ought to conduce to morality, as well as to general
intelligence.
4.

We

are accustomed to

adduce

the tax

upon

tea, as the

cause of

108

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

which we can
is

the Revolution, but there were many other acts of oppression, from deduce the righteousness of the war. " Merchant of Venice," Antonio agrees, that if every ducat 5. In the

not paid, he will

forfeit

a pound of

flesh.

157.
1.

Du'-o,
;

two.
n.

Duel'l-um,
two

a fight between two.

DUPLICATES,

(plico,) DU'EL, n. a combat between

copies things which exactly resemble other things.

2.

(51).

DUPLIC'ITY, n. (plico,) decep-

tion (71-2). DUODEC'IMO, n. (decem,) a book in which the sheet is DOUB'LY, adv. (plico,) in twice the degree (7-4). folded into 12 leaves.
1.

Duplicates

of letters

had

to

be written by manual labor until a

folio to

machine was invented to perform the operation. 2. Caxton published books of all sizes, from the cumbersome
the

duodecimo,
DU'BABLE, DURA'TION, OB'DUKACY,

so convenient to peruse.

158.
1.

Du'r-US,
n. n.

hard.

a. lasting.

2.
3.

continuance.

OB'DUEATE, a. stubborn hardened in feelings (70-2).

;

hardness of

ENDURE',

v.

to

undergo

to

heart.
1.

sustain (92-5).
are some kinds of wood, that there are stone bridges wooden piles on which they rest are

So

durable

in a state of dilapidation, while the in a good state of preservation.

2.

Who

infinite distance
3.

can comprehend the duration of Eternity f Or even the that exists between us and the nearest constellation.

vaillac, the

his

Tb&flagrancy of the crime, and the obduracy exhibited by Ramurderer of "Good King Henry," made the people rejoice in terrible punishment.

159.
1.

lfflri-U89 drunken.
n.
;

INE'BBIATE, n. a drunkard. SOBEI'ETY,

EBRI'ETY,
(51).
1.

n.

drunkenness
inebriate,
in

toxication

freedom from inhabitual temfree

perance (75-7).
for the

A home

which he will be

from tempta-

tion, is

one of the noble charities of the age.

1.

160. JE'd-es, a house, a building. ED'IFY, v. to build up in ED'IFICE,

n. (facio,) a

building

knowledge.
1.

(65-1).
of history tends to

The study

edify and

enlarge the mind.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
161.
1.

109

E'd-O,

I eat.
|

ED'IBLE,
1.

a. eatable.

2.

"

What

articles are

edible? "

EDAC'ITY, n. voracity.
"

birds'-nests," says the Chinaman. cid oil," says the Esquimaux.

Rats and inquires the naturalist. " " RanFrogs," says the Frenchman.

Yet
2.

all these

The

" Old cheese," says the Englishman. are disgusting to persons not accustomed to them. edacity of pachyderms, such as the elephant, rhinoceros, hiptapir, is astonishing.
I.

popotamus, and

162.
1.

E'go,

E'GOTISM, n. talking
of one's self.
1.

much

2.

EGOTIST'ICAL,
ceited.

a.

self-con-

In the

first

by

editors, etc., to

person, the plural we is often used, for the singular J, avoid the appearance of egotism.
is

2.

the singular

To avoid appearing egotistical, the plural we /, by reviewers, etc.

often used for

163.
1.

El'egans (elegarit-is),
n.

elegant.

EL'EGANCE,
1.

the state or quality of being elegant.

Elegance

implies a select style of beauty, usually produced

by

art or skill.

164.
1.

E'm-o,

I buy.
n.

Emp't-um,
4. 5.

to

buy.

freedom EXEMP'TION, from that to which others

are subject.

REDEEM', v. to ransom. REDEEM' ABLE, a. capable of being redeemed.

EXEMPT', v. to release; to take from (15-2). the human race, have had ex-

2.
3.

PEK'EMPTORY,

a. decisive.

REDEMPTION,
1.

n.

ransom.
of

Only two (Enoch and Elijah)

emption
2.

from mortality. The command to General Scott, in 1846, to proceed to Mexico, was

so

that delay was impossible. 9 " Lion-hearted," was so esteemed, that the English Richard, the melted the silver in the churches to obtain the sum necessary for his

peremptory

3.

redemption.
4.
5.

The brigands demanded a large sum to redeem the captive. " The bonds of the United States, called five-twenties," were re~
in either five or

deemable
165.
1.

twenty years.

JEmlulus,

a rival.
;

EMULA'TION, n. rivalry
sire to

de-

2.

EM'ULATE,

v.

to strive to

equal or excel,

equal or excel.

10

110

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

1. The pleasure afforded by the possession of knowledge, ought to produce sufficient emulation among scholars. 2. Let the youth of America emulate the noble character of Wash-

ington, in integrity, honesty,

and

self- sacrifice.

166.

Ens

(erit-is), being.

(See
to go.

Sum.)

167. J3i-o 9 I go.

1.

I't-um,
on
all

AM'BIENT,
sides.

a. floating

CIR'CUIT, n. the division of a state visited by a j udge to

2.
3.

EX'IT, n. departure.

hold periodical courts (475).

INI'TIAL,

a.

beginning.
4.
5.

placed at the CIRCU'ITOUS, a. indirect (72). AMBI'TION, n. desire for ad-

vancement (42-3). INITIATE, v. to introduce. OBIT'UARY, a. relating to TRAN'SITORY, a. passing quickthe decease of a person. SEDI'TION, n. insurrection
rebellion.
1.
;

6.

ly away (125-8). TRANSIENT, a. not

(48-1).

lasting

It

is

in the heavens, and that, through the " voice, saying, By this, conquer."

related of Constantine, that a flaming cross appeared to him ambient air, there came a

2. The exit of some of the Eoyal Governors from the Colonies, was marked by acts calculated to inflame the minds of the people. 3. When a word begins with two consonants, the sounds of which will not coalesce, the initial consonant is silent as, knife. 4. The ancient alchemists, before consenting to initiate a novice into the mysteries of their craft, required him to make a solemn asseveration,
;

never to divulge
5.

its secrets.

The obituary notices of Lord Brougham (broo'-am, or broo'm), in 1839, were so laudatory, that some thought he originated the false report of his own death, to see what contemporary writers would say of
him.
6.

William Penn was known to correspond with James

II.,

and, con-

sequently,

was accused of sedition.

a horseman.

168.
1.

E'ques (eq'uit-is),
a.

EQUES'TRIAN,
1.

pertaining

2.

EQ'UIPAGE,
retinue.

n.

attendance,
and

to horsemanship.

Equestrian

are invaluable for those

2.

exercises are promotive of health who are convalescent.

and

vivacity,

According to Ancient History, the

equipage

of

Queen Zenobia

was magnificent.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
169.
1.

Ill

JEqn-lis9

equal, just.
7.

2.

AD'EQUATE, a. equal to. EQUA'TION, n. an expression of equality between quantities.

INIQ'UITY,. great wicked-

ness.
8.

alike in
n.

EQUALIZE, v. to make amount or degree.

3.

EQUILIBRIUM,

(libra,)

9.

equality of weight.
4.
5.

at the
10.

EQUIDISTANT, a. (sisto,) same distance.

a.

EQ'UITY, n. justice.

EQUIVALENT,
that which

(valeo,) is of equal value.

v.

n.

E'QUAL, nor less.

neither greater

6.

EQUIV'OCATE,
use words in

(voco,) to

EQUATORIAL, a. relating to the equator (180-11).

EQUINOC'TIAL, a. (nox,) pertaining to the equinox (320).
;

a deceptive

manner.
1.

his force

In 1779, Prevost threatened Charleston although Lincoln feared that was not adequate to the emergency, he hastened to its relief,
spite of the disparity of the forces, compelled the British to retreat.
is

and in
2.

An equation
sides.

not altered,

if

you perform the same operation on

both
3.

of the mental
4.

The cultivation of the intellect tends to preserve the equilibrium and physical powers. " The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity 9
it

arising under this Constitution."

5.

William Penn considered

dishonorable to take anything from the

Indians, without returning an equivalent. 6. Nathan Hale was able to penetrate into the very heart of the British camp, but, on his return, was apprehended, and carried before the When the usual question, "Are you a spy?" was put to Provost.

Nathan Hale, he scorned to equivocate, and merely answered " Yes." 7. The iniquity of the massacre of Wyoming, in 1778, has made the name of Col. John Butler infamous. 8. Congress has made an effort to equalize the bounties paid to the
soldiers.
9. The tropics are two small circles, equidistant from the equator, which mark the limit of the sun's declination. 10. Two lines which are equal and parallel express equality thus,
;

170.
1.

Er'r-O,

wander.

JErra't-lim,
4.

to

wander.

ERRAT'IC,

a. eccentric.

ERRA'TA,

n. errors in writ-

2.
3.

ERRO'NEOUS, a. incorrect. ABERRA'TION, n. a wandering.

ing or printing. ER'ROR, n. fault

(675-1).

blunder

112
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
all

until

The erratic course it was known that

of George III., greatly surprised the nation, the premonitory symptons of insanity had

appeared. 2. Until Columbus proved it to be erroneous, the opinion was prevalent, that the earth was a level plain.
3. Aberration of mind, was formerly attributed to lunar influences, and was, therefore, called lunacy. 4. The correction of errata in stereotype plates, involves a great deal

of labor.

171.
1.

JEs'tim-o,

I value.
3.

2.

ES'TIMATE, v. to compute. ES'TIMABLE, a. worthy of

esteem.
1.

INESTIMABLE,
price.

a.

above

all

EsTiMA'TiON,w.opinion(76).
ter-

It

is

hardly possible to estimate, properly, the value of the

ritory acquired
2.

Guadaloupe Hidalgo. The estimable character of Rose Standish, consort of Miles Stan-

by the treaty

of

dish,
3.

made her generally beloved

The inestimable
"

in the

Plymouth Colony.
is

right to a speedy and public trial, belonging to the people, as individuals."

a right

172.
1.

JEtier'n-US, without beginning or end.

n.

ETER'NITY,
1.

continuance without beginning or end.

its tail

The ancients represented eternity by a serpent with

in

its

mouth.

173.
1.

JE'-vum,

an age.
3.

COE'VAL,

n. existing at the

LONGEVITY,
long

n.

(longus,)
life

same time.
2.

duration of

(7-

PEJME'VAL,
1.

a.

(primus,)

primitive. If, in a stratum of granite, we find the bones of a quadruped, or biped, it is fair to infer that those animals were coeval with the rocks. 2. Milton gives, in "Paradise Lost," a vivid description of the earth
in
its

primeval state.

174.
1.

Exam! en

(exam'in-is),
2.

a balance.
n. investi-

EXAMINING,
175.

part, investi-

EXAMINATION,
gation (125-3).

gating closely (22-5).

Exemfpl-um,

a pattern.
2.

1.

EXEMPLIFY, v. by example.

to illustrate

SAM'PLE,. specimen a part presented for inspection.

;

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
EXAM'PLE,
10). n.

113
n.

pattern

(75-

EXEMPLIFICATION,
a.

(facio,)

illustration (125-8).
a.

EX'EMPLARY,
tation (38).
1.

worthy of imi- UNEXAM'PLED,

without pre-

cedent (76-1).

The proficiency which Milton exhibited at college, served to exthe principle, that " ATTENTION is THE SECKET OF SUCCESS." 2. When, in 1791, a sample of anthracite coal was exhibited, peopl-e treated with derision the idea, that it was inflammable.

emplify

176.
1.

Exil'i-um, banishment

from one's country.

by
his experience in

EX'ILE, n. banishment. 1. Charles II. was too obtuse

to profit

exile,

during the Protectorate.

177.

Ex'ter-us,
n.

outer.

m-WS9
1.

the outermost.

Exte'rior, outer. Extre'Ex'tra, on the outside.

4.

EXTE'RIOR,
part
;

the
is

outer

EXTREM'ITY,
point.

n. the

utmost

that which

external.
5.

2.
3.

EXTER'NAL, a. outward. EXTRA'NEOUS, a. not be1.

EXTRIN'SIC, outward.

a.

unessential,

longing to a thing. The first view of the exterior

STRANGE, a. peculiar (12-3).

of St. Peter's, usually disappoints

the spectator.
2. The Supreme Being judges not by the external appearance, but by the heart. 3. As there was no surgeon to probe the wound of Smith, and remove

any extraneous matter, he sought medical aid 4. During the famine in Virginia, in 1610, the
to such
5.

in

colonists

England. were reduced

extremity9

that they devoured the skins of horses.

The favorable reception of Franklin, as ambassador to France, was attributable to no extrinsic aids or adventitious circumstances.

178.
1.

Fab'ric-0,
n.

make

or frame.
2.

FAB'RIC,
cloth.
1.

manufactured

FAB'RICATE,
ture.

v.

to

manufac-

We
The

are indebted to a

whose
2.

soft

and pliable

texture

worm, for the beautiful fabric called makes it so suitable for clothing.
use.

silk,

object of a

tariff, is

to induce the inhabitants of a country to

fabricate everything they 10*

114
179.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
face.
2.

Fa'ci-es, a
v.
v.

DEFACE',
EFFACE',

to disfigure.

FACE,

n. the

countenance

2.

expunge.

the visage.

1. To deface a building, or its enclosure, by scribbling, or by drawing any figure, or by whittling, is a vulgarism of which no person, having the slightest pretension to gentility, would be guilty.

of some immoral act, "Washingduty to remonstrate with him when the youth, greatly With the most perfect equanimity, incensed, actually spit in his face. " Washington wiped it off, saying, Young man, I wish you could efface the " guilt from your soul, as easily as I can wipe this insult from my face.
2.

young man having been guilty

it

ton deemed

his

180.
1.

Fa!ci-o 9

1 do, I

make.

Fac't-um,

to do, to

make.

FAC'TION, n. a party op- FAC'ULTIES, n. powers (8-2). DEFEAT', v. to overcome or to posed to the Government. 2. AFFECTA'TION, n. artificial vanquish (57-5). DEFEC'TION, n. the act of abanappearance.
3.

4.

OFFICIATE,
INFECT',
v.

EFFICA'CIOTJS, a. effectual. v. to perform

office.

the duties of an
5.

doning a cause (35-3). v. produce (1-5). FACILITATE, v. to render easy

EFFECT',
(475-1).

taint with dis-

ease.
6.
7.

SuR'FEiTED,^>ar. satiated.

FACIL'ITY, n. dexterity (26-2). FAC'TOEY, n. a place where things

(705-1).

DIFFICULTIES,
DEFEC'TIVE,

n.

embar-

are

manufactured

rassments.
8.

a. deficient.

9.

PON'TIFF, n. (pons,) the

OF'FICEE, n. a person holding an office a person lawfully

;

pope.
10. 11.

invested with an
5).

office

(56-

FASH'iONS,n.modes, styles.

FEAT'URES,
AFFEC'TION,

n. lineaments. n. love (12-2).

SUFFICIENT,
4).

n.

enough (11much
disturb-

1.

In 1645, a faction, headed by Clayborne, caused

simplicity,

ance in Maryland.
2. When Pocahontas was in England, her affectation, won the love of all.

and freedom from

3. When a person has swallowed poison, the most efficacious remto neutralize the poison or edy at hand, is usually the white of an egg, mustard, in warm water, to produce nausea. 4. If the President and Vice-President are both disqualified to perform the duties of the office, the presiding officer of the Senate is to officiate.
;

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
5.

115
in-

Travellers are obliged to submit to quarantine, lest they should

city.

fect a
6.

died, a glutton
7.

Alexander, the conqueror of the world, having and a drunkard, 324 B. C.

surfeited

himself,

funds,
8.

Arnold's pecuniary difficulties led him to peculate the public and to defraud the Government of enormous sums.

In relation to taxes, the Articles of Confederation were very de-

fective.
9.

When

the

Roman Pontiff refused

to sanction the divorce,

Henry

which declared the King's supremacy. 10. It is curious to walk in Pompeii (pom-pa / -yee), (destroyed by an eruption of Vesuvius), and see the fashions of a people who lived
called a Parliament,

1800 years ago.

11.
fine

Some of the features.

tribes inhabiting the equatorial regions of Africa,

have

181.
1.

Fal'l-O,
v.

I deceive.

Fal's-UWl,
FALLA'CIOUS,
(69-2).

to deceive.
a.

FAL'LIBLE,
FAL'SIFY,
falsely.

a. liable to err.

deceitful

2.

represent
of suc-

FAL'LACY,
n.

n.

deceitfulness

3.

FAIL'UKE,
cess
1.
;

want

(56-5).

omission. The condemnation of

FALSE,
so

a.

untrue (167-5).
some

many

to the penitentiary, proves that

of the
2.

human

race are fallible.

really did

Whether Mr. Erskine

ernment, in 1809,

we know

not

falsify the instruction of his Govbut the refusal of the British Govern-

ment to repeal the injurious decrees, gave umbrage to the American people. 3. The numerous attempts to discover a North- West passage, have all resulted in failure.
182.
1.

Fa'm-a,
a.
of.

fame.

FA'MOUS,

renowned; IN'FAMOUS,
(169-7).

a.

detestable

much
1.

talked
v.

DEFAME',
1.

to injure one's

IN'FAMY,

n.

public reproach

reputation maliciously.
persistent attempts

(56-3). After the surrender of Burgoyne, which rendered Gates so famous,

were made

to

defame

Washington.

183.
1.

Fa'm-es, hunger. FAM'ISH,V. to die of hunger; FAM'INE,

n. scarcity

of food

to

(177-4). 1. After the battle of Flatbush, in 1776, General Woodhull was allowed famish in a British prison.

to starve.

116
184.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a.

a family. FAMILIAR'ITY, n. intimate ac- FAMIL'IAR,

Famil'i-a,

quaintance (290-1).
185.
1.

FAM'ILY,

n.

acquainted (97). household (125-7).

Fa n-um,
r

a temple.

PROFANE',
FANAT'IC,
1.

v.

to desecrate.

FANATICISM,
(49-3).

n.

wild and ex-

a.

excessively en-

travagant notions of religion

thusiastic (75-12). A man's hand, tracing

unknown

terrify Belshazzar, when he had sanctuary, by using them in a convivial assembly.

characters on the wall, might well dared to profane the vessels of the

186. Fa'ri, to speak.

1.

Fa't-um,

fate, destiny.

2.

AFFABILITY, n. kindness of FA'TAL, a. mortal. manner in conversation PREF'ACE, n. introduction. courteous a. AF'FABLE, (56-1). IN'FANCY, n. childhood (148-3). (50-1). INFANT'ICIDE, n. (csedo,) the FATE, n. predetermined event
killing of an infant (57-4).
(42-3).
1.

the taking of Quebec, calm received fatal wounds.

At

by

the English, in 1759, Wolfe

and Mont-

2. Bunyan, in the work, which alone was sufficient to immortalize his name, says in his preface, that in answer to the query, "Shall I print

my

book

"

"

Some Some

'

said, said,

John, print
'

it.'

It

might do

good.'

Others said, Not so,' Others said 'No.'

'

187.
1.

Fari'n-a,

meal.

FARI'NA,
1.

n. the flour of

any

1.

FARINA'CEOUS,
of meal.

a.

consisting

grain, starch, etc.

starch,

Large quantities of farinaceous food, such farina, etc., were required for the army.

as oatmeal, corn-

188.

Fav'e-o,
a.

I favor.

FA'VOEABLE,

propitious (177-5).

189. Feb'r-is, a fever (from

1.

Fer'veo,
FEB'EILE,
fever.

I
a.

am

hot).

FE'VERISH,
fever.
1.

a.

affected

by

1.

pertaining to

In 1799, Washington, while superintending his plantation, took a cold, which produced a feverish condition of the whole system. Every effort was made to subdue the febrile symptoms, but without avail.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
190.
1.

117

F<B'd-US (fced'er-is),
n. a

CONFEDERACY,
of States united
1.

number

2.

a league, or covenant. CONFEDERATE, n. one joined

to lay

by a league.

with others in a league.

and

Under the Confederacy, the Congress had no power

Blannerhasset was unwilling to confess that he was a

collect taxes, duties, imposts.

2.

confederate

of

Aaron Burr.
191.

Fe'l-ix (feli!c-is), happy.

a.
v.

1.

FELIC'ITOUS,

happy.
to congratu-

2.

FELIC'ITATE,
late.
1.

FELIC'ITY, n. happiness, prosperity; enjoyment of good

(98-1).

Colony, so remote from the commotion of the war, made them disregard the danger of their defenseless position, until too late to remedy it.

The felicitous condition

of the

Wyoming

2.

The

citizens of

Geneva thought they had reason

themselves, that they were able to extinguish their debt

to felicitate by means of an

enormous

legacy.

192.
1.

Fem'in-a,
a.

a woman.

2.

EFFEMINATE, EFFEMINACY,
delicacy.
1.

unmanly.

n.

unmanly

FEM'ININE, a. pertaining to the female sex characteristic

;

(57-5). Nothing but confusion and turbulence could result from the reign

of

woman

of a sovereign, so effeminate and dilatory, as Charles II. 2. Men of sagacity assert, that, when a people become very prosperous f they are in great danger of effeminacy.

193.
1.

Ferid-o, I keep
n.

off,

I strike.

Feris-um, to
a.

keep
at-

off,

to strike.

DEFENDANT,
cution.

one

who DEFENSIVE,
OFFENSIVE,

resisting

makes a defence
2.

in a prose-

tack (121-1).
a.

aggressive (35-

FEN'DER, 5). to hinder coals of fire from DEFENSELESS, a. without protection (191-1). rolling on the floor.
DEFENSE',
(114-1).
1.

n.

a metallic frame

n.

protection DEFEND' (see page" 30).

OFFEND'

(see

page 30).
in favor of

The

suit for the possession of

New

Jersey,

was decided

the

defendant.

2.

and the

Spanish monarch being seated too near the fender for comfort, him to move* exquisite formality of court etiquette not allowing

himself, he

was nearly roasted before an attendant came

to his relief.

118
194.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a wild beast.

Fe'r-a,
a.

Fe'rox (fero'cis),
FIERCE'NESS,
n.

fero-

cious.

FERO'CIOUS,
195.

savage (22-5).

fury (69-1).
to

Fe'r-o,
v.

I bear, I carry,

La't-um,
n.

bear, to

carry.
1.

CONFER',

to consult one

CONFERENCE,

a meeting for

with, another.
2.

consultation (143-2).
n. a yielding

DEF'ERENCE,
of
to another.

judgment out
v.

of respect

DIF'FERENT, a. distinct (8-2). DIL'ATORY, a. procrastinating

(192-1).
a.

3.

ELATE',

to render

proud FER'TILE,

producing plentia.

by
4.
5.

success.
n.

fully (43-3).

OBLA'TION,
tion.

a sacrifice.
n.

PREFERABLE,
able (8-1).

more

desir-

PREFERENCE,
TRANS'LATE,
v.

predilec-

EEF'ERENCE,
to interpret
a.

n.

the act of re-

6.

into another language.

7.

SUF'FERING,

ferring (12-1). n. distress (47-1).

(see

PESTIF'EROUS,
plague,)

(pestis,

TRANSFER'

page
30).

30).

producing

the DEFER' (see page 30).

plague.
1.

OF'FER (see page

In 1811, the Indians asked Harrison that an opportunity to confer might be afforded, before deciding on his proposition. Harrison suspected
that this
rect.
2.
3.

was only a pretext, and the

sequel

showed

his surmise to he cor-

4.

Both the Mosaic and Roman law, enjoin deference to the aged. The victory of Gates, in 1777, seemed to elate him beyond measure. It was sacrilege to proffer, as an oblation, an animal that was

infirm or injured in
5.

felt for Raleigh, induced her to transfer the patent to him. 6. It is necessary to apply ourselves closely to the acquisition of a language, in order to translate with facility.
7.

any way. The preference which Queen Elizabeth

During the Great Plague, in 1665,

Sir Isaac

Newton went

to the

country, to escape the

pestiferous

air of

London.

196.
1.

Fe'rul-a,
v.

a plant (giant-fennel).

FEB'ULE,

to

punish by striking with a ferule.

" 1. Anciently, the stalks of fennel, or the ferula," were used to punish children hence the expression " to ferule a child."
;

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
197.

119

Fer've-o,
n. zeal.

boil,

am

hot.

Fermerit-um,
their

leaven, or yeast.
1.

FER'VOR,
tion.

change by which substances

n. ebulli-

2.

EFFERVESCENCE,
FERMENTA'TION,
1.

are decomposed, and

elements
n.

form

new com-

3.

that

pounds.

around Peter the Hermit, A. D. by the fervor, with which he would portray the advantages of rescuing the Holy Sepulchre from infidels. 2. Soda-water, in a state of effervescence, is agreeable to the taste
to congregate

Large numbers used

1096, attracted

but when that has passed

becomes very insipid. 3. To commemorate the Passover, the Israelites were commanded to eat bread which had not gone through the process of fermentation.
off, it

198.
1.

Fes's-um,
v.

to own, to declare.
|

PROFESSED',
1.

claimed.

CONFESS',

v.

to

own

(190-2).

Tyler, elected by a party, which professed to be in favor of a United States Bank, vetoed two bills rechartering the Bank.

199.
1.

Fes't-um,

feast.
4.

FESTIV'ITY, n. a festive celebration.

FEAST'ING,

part
n.

eating

sumptuously.

2.
3.

FEAST,
1.

n.

a festival.
a. joyful.

FESTIVAL,

an occasion

FES'TIVE, Rahl was engaged in the festivity incident to Christmas, when surprised by Washington, at the battle of Trenton. / 2. It is not difficult to imagine, the feelings of Damocles (dam -o-cles) amid the gayety and music of the feast, he saw a sword suspended when, over his head by a hair.
3.

of rejoicing (68-4).

From

4.

Job's sons were

time immemorial, the birthday has been a festive occasion. feasting, when a whirlwind destroyed the house.
I trust.

200. Fi!d-o,
1.

DIF'FIDENCE,
one's
self.

n. distrust of

Fide'l-is, faithful. CONFIDENCE, n. trust (63). CONFIDENTIAL, a.private (146-

2.

AFFi'ANCED,parbetrothed. 3). FIDELITY, n. faithfulness PER'FIDY, n. treachery (86-2). CONFIDE' (see page 31). (63).

1. Washington's diffidence, in accepting the important commission, only served to elevate him in the estimation of the Congress. 2. Prince Charles was affianced to the Infanta of Spain, before he married Henrietta of France.

120

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
fix,

201. Fi'g-O, I
1.

I fasten.

Fiod-um,
FIXED,
a.

to

fix,

to fasten.
;

CRUCIFIX'ION, n. death upon a cross.

(crux,)

stationary lished (551).

estab-

TRANSFIX',
1.

v.

to

pierce PRE'FIX (see page 31).

through (40). Crucifixion was used only

202.

SUF'FIX (see page 31).

for a malefactor of the lowest grade.

Figu'r-a, an

1.

TRANSFIGURA'TION,

n.

image. the

on the Mount
n.

a change of

form. supernatural change in the appearance of our Saviour FIG'URE,

1.

shape (643-2).

little child,

when asked how

a son.

she

knew

that people lived after

"

death, said,

because Moses and Elias were at the

transfiguration*"

203. Fil'i-us,
1.

Fil'i-a, a daughter.
FIL'IAL, a. pertaining to a son or daughter (42-3).
of the Sultan
is

AFFILIA'TION,
1.

n.

adoption;

association in the family.

The affiliation of a slave into the family

event.

not an

uncommon
204.

Firig-O,

I form, I fashion.

Fic't-um,

to form,

to fashion.
1.

FIC'TION, n. a feigned story.

FICTI'TIOUS,
1.

3.

FEIGNED,

2.

Defoe's

imaginary. "Robinson Crosoe"

distress,

a.

4.
is

a. pretended. EF'FIGY, n. an image.

it

a fiction; yet everything in

seems like a
2.

reality.

which we do not attempt to alleviate, renders Novels depict only fictitious suffering, therefore the effect of such reading is to harden the heart. 3. A feigned attack on the lower town in 1759, enabled Wolfe to divert the attention of Montcalm.

To witness

the heart less sensitive.

4. I do not extenuate," said that sage observer, Benjamin Franklin, "such acts as burning the King in effigy, and treating his representative with contumely ; but the Americans have had great provocation; and if they resort to arms, you will find them invincible."

"

205. Fi'n-is, the end or

1.

limit.
3. 4.

AFFIN'ITY,

n.

attraction

which

exists

between the

DEFINITE, a. INDEFINITE,
cise.

precise.
a.

not

pre-

particles of bodies. 2. DEFINITIVE, a. conclusive.

5.

FI'NITE, a. limited.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
CONFINEMENT,
(20-3).
n.

121
(158-2).

restraint

IN'FINITE,

a. limitless

FINE,
adv.

n.

payment

of

money
for

FI'NALLY,
(22-2).
1.

ultimately

imposed as punishment an offence (125-1).

body have

The affinity which the

particles of one

for those of

another, enables chemists to perform

2.

The definitive
in 1783.

interesting experiments. treaty between England and the United States was

many

made
3.

Jay's treaty, in 1795, tracted prior to the war.

was definite on the subject

of debts con-

4. The intelligence from the army was very indefinite, but on the approach of the British, in 1777, Congress determined to remove to Lan-

caster.
5.

Many

sible is

things transcend man's finite powers. the omnipresent and omniscient God
!

How

incomprehen-

206.
1.

FWm-US,
n.

strong.
4.

FiR'MAMENT,n. the heavens.

INFIRM' ARY, n. a hospital.

INFIRM',
a.

2. 3.

CONFIRMATION,
AFFIRMA'TION,
asseveration.

n. proof.

weak
;

(195-4).

solemn

FIRM,

a.

stable

not easily

moved
assert.

(43-2).

3.

(see page 31). Light was created on the first day, yet it was not till the fourth day that the great luminary was placed in the firmament* 2. The garrison at Fort Mimms heard of the intended attack but, as
1.
;

AFFIRM',

v.

CONFIRM'

the report needed

tunity to send for
3.

confirmation,
more
troops.

the

commander

resisted all impor-

Before he (the President) shall enter on the duties of his office, he " shall take the following affirmation : I do solemnly affirm, that
I will faithfully execute the office of President of the 4. In Girard College, there is an apartment used as

United States." an infirmary.

207.
1.

Fis'c-US, a money-bag; the public

v.

CONFISCATED,
use.

treasury. appropri- CONFISCATION, n. transfer of

forfeited

ated, as a penalty, to public

2.

goods

to

public
to for-

use (106).
a.

FIS'CAL, revenue.
1.

pertaining to the CONFIS'CABLE,

a. liable

feiture (698).

During the Kevolutionary War, the States confiscated the prop-

erty of those
2.

who

The fiscal arrangements

11

continued to adhere to the royal cause. of the Government caused great anxiety

to the first Congress.

122

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Flagra't-um,
sive
fire,

1.

208. Fla!gr-o, I burn. FLA'GKANT, a. enormous.

to burn.
n.

CONFLAGRATION,
or

an exten-

FLA'GRANCY,
(158-3).

n.

enormity

extending to

objects (76-2). 1. During the Revolution in France, the most flagrant crimes were committed, by those who had been accustomed to inveigh against the
nobles for similar atrocities.

many

209.

Flam'm-a,
v.

a flame.
;

INFLAME',

to irritate

to ex-

INFLAM'MABLE,
on

a.

easily

set

cite (167-2).

fire (175-2).

210. Flec't-o, I bend.

1.

Flex'-um,
4).

to bend.

FLEXIBLE, a. pliable
bent.
1.

easily KEFLECT', v. to bend back (143-

for

By using India-rubber, we many purposes.

can have & flexible tube, convenient

f

211.

Fli'g-o,

I beat, I dash,

Flic t-um,
AFFLICT',
INFLICT',
v.
v.

to beat, to

dash.
1.

CON'FLICT, n. contest.

3.

to distress.

2.
2.

PBOF'LIGATE,

a. dissolute.

to impose (70-

AFFLICTION,

n. suffering.

1. After a long conflict 9 in South Carolina, all laws which were unjust to the Huguenots, were abrogated in 1697. 2. The administration of the profligat e Lord Cornbury, 1702-1707,

caused much affliction in New York and New Jersey. 3. In the leprosy, which continues to afflict the inhabitants of Eastern
countries, the flesh assumes a

and the
212.
1.

sufferer

tumid appearance, the limbs are tremulous, soon becomes a vagabond.

Flo9

blow.

Fla't-um,

to blow.

INFLATE', v. to fill with air. 1, To inflate the lungs, we must stand full size, and then make a long inspiration.
213.
1.

erect,

expand the chest

to its

(flo'r-is), a flower. EFFLOKES'CENCE, n. an ap- 3. FLOR/ID, a. having a lively red color. pearance resembling flowers.
4.

Flos

FLOEJF'EROUS,

a.

(fero,)

2.

FLO'RIST, n. a cultivator of
flowers.
5.

bearing flowers. FLOW'ERS, n. shrubs.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
1.

123

A beautiful
A

land, has given

2.

efflorescence, which appears on the snow in Green" the name of Red Snow." thinks himself very fortunate, if he can add one new florist
it

specimen to the floral beauties of his green-house, especially

choice perfume,

if it

has a

and beautiful foliage.

3. Magnus, a noted depredator from Norway, made an attempt to ravage England, in the reign of William Rufus, so called from his florid

complexion.
4.

Many

plants,

which are /riutf-bearing

exotics
;

in their native country, are

floriferous when
5.

of this the

Trees and flowers flourish

pomegranate is an example. in England, on account of the humidity

of the air.

214.
1.

Flu' -Of

I flow.

Fluod-um,
of
6. 6.

to flow.
n.

FLU'ENCY,
speech.

n. readiness

a coming in. SUPERFLUITY, n. a super-

IN'FLUX,

2.
3. 3.

FLUCTUATE, v. to wave. CONFLUENCE, n. junction. FLUCTUATION, n. undulation.

abundance.
7.

SUPERFLUOUS,
is

a.

more than

wanted.
n.

8.

EFFLU'VIA,

exhalations

4.
5.

AF'FLUENCE, INFLUENTIAL,
ful.

n. wealth.
a.

perceived by the smell.

power-

INFLUENCE, n. power
ity to effect (65-15).

abil-

1. Whitfield possessed great fluency of speech, and his passionate appeals to his hearers, to attend to religion, were frequently followed by the conversion of hundreds. 2. very light wind will cause the surface of the sufficiently to produce sea-sickness. 3.

ocean to

fluctuate
of the

At the confluence

of

two rapid streams, the fluctuation

water is very great. 4. Robert Morris, in the midst of affluence 9 was willing to entertain
the

and to provide sustenance for the privates. Formerly, Spain was one of the most influential nations of Europe but the suicidal policy adopted by her rulers, has greatly
officers,
5.
;

diminished her power.

6. On the discovery of gold in California, it was thought flux of that commodity would be so great that there would

that the

in-

be a

super-

fluity.
7.

We

find a foreign

market

for our

superfluous

cereals

and multiin

farious manufactures. 8. Travellers seldom visit the catacombs of Paris and

Rome

summer,

on account of the effluvia.

124
215.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a
leaf.

Fo'li-um,

FO'LIAGE, n. a collection of leaves (213-2).

216.
1.

FO'LIO,

n.
is

a book in which
folded once (157-2).

paper

For'm-a,
v.

form, shape, beauty.

CONFORM',
with.

to

comply

REFORM A'TION,
tion.

n.

correc-

2.

DEFORM'ITY, n. state of being deformed.

INFORM'ER,
gence.
n.

of

INFORMALITY, n. absence some legal form.

CONFORM'ITY,
n.

3.

informant.
n.
intelli-

agreement

4.

INFORMATION,

(49-2).

5.

TRANSFORMATION,

n.

6.

change of condition. TRANSFORM', v. to change.

1.

FORM, n. shape (68-2). DEFORM', v. (see page 31). REFORM,' v. (see page 32). PERFORM', v. (see page 32).

isterial habiliments,

The Puritans, unwilling to conform to the law prescribing minand many other things of which they could not
sensitive

approve, determined to emigrate to Holland.

2.

Lord Byron was morbidly

on the subject of

his

deformlocality of of the cruel

ity.
3.

Wayne's
4.

The informer, who apprised General Grey of the troops, must have felt great remorse, when he heard
large reward
is

massacre.

was

offered for

information, which would

railroads

lead

to the recovery of the lost regalia of Scotland.

5.

Such

the

transformation, which

have

effected,

that each section of our country seems in close contiguity with every
other.
6.

Heathen mythology describes beings with power

into a monster.

to

transform

man
7.

ciety,
8.

To diminish the amount of crime among the junior members of sohouses of reformation have been established. Some informality in the grant of New Hampshire to Mason,

caused continual disputes.

217.

Fors

(for't-is), chance.
a.

Fortu'na,
a.

fortune.

FORTU'ITOUS,
(124-2).

accidental UNFOR'TUNATE, able (56-4).

unfavor-

MISFOR'TUNE,
(21-7).

n.

calamity FOR'TUNATE,

a.

much

favored

successful (213-2).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
218. For't-is, brave, strong.
1.

125

FOR'TIFY,

v.

to strengthen
fort.

FORTIFICA'TION,^.

(facio,) mil-

by
2.

forts, batteries, etc.

FOR'TRESS, n. a

itary architecture fence (76-3).

for

de-

EF'FORT, n. exertion (21-4). FORCE, n. power (66-3). n. FOR'TITUDE, courage COM'FORT, n. state of enjoy-

ment (193-2). (42-3). In 1775, General Gage fearing a rupture between Great Britain and the Colonies, determined to foTtify Boston.
1.

2. The fortress of Ticonderoga surrendered in 1759 to Amherst, in 1775 to Ethan Allen, and in 1777 to Burgoyne.

219.
1.

Fos's-nm,

to dig.

FOS'SILS, n.
1.

substances changed into stone. Some fossils give irrefragable evidence that there has been a uni-

versal deluge.

220.
1.

Fra gr-o,
f

I smell sweetly.

FRA' GRANT,
1.

a.

smelling sweetly.
is

At many
;

of the railway stations in England, the air

redolent of

flowers primroses, mignonette, sweet odor for a long distance.

and other fragrant

flowers, diffuse their

221.
1.

Frarig-o,

I break.

Frac't-um,
the
light.

to break.

2.

FRACT'URE, n. a breaking. FRAG'MENT, n. a broken

part.

direction of a ray of
n.

INFRINGEMENT,
brittleness.
a.

violation

3.

4.

FRAGILITY, n. REFRAC'TORY,
cious.

(30-2).
a.

contuma- IRREF'RAGABLE,
refuted (219).

not to be

5.

REFRAC'TION,
1.

n. change in FRAG'ILE, a. brittle (239-2). In the battle of Vera Cruz, in 1836, a ball struck Santa Anna, and

caused a fracture of his leg. 2. On the bursting of the Peace-maker, in 1844, a fragment of the gun struck Mr. Upshur, Secretary of State, killing him instantly.
3.

An

experiment has lately been made, by which

its

it is

hoped

to

manuColoto

facture glass without

4.

fragility.
Commissioners to the

In 1664, Charles

II. sent

refractory
;

nies to
5.

compel them to obey. A stick put into water, generally appears bent

this

is

owing

refraction.

126
222.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a brother.
brotherly. brother3.

Fra'ter,
a.

2.

FRATER'NAL, FRATER'NITY,
hood.
1.

FRAT'RICIDE,

n. (csedo,) the
;

n.

murder of a brother one who murders a brother.

and

Perm's determination, to treat the Indians in an honorable manner, them for everything needed by the settlers, served to pacify the Indians, and produce the most fraternal feelings.
to compensate
2.

The noble fraternity, founded by

St.

Bernard amid the solitude

of the Alps, has for nine hundred years rendered most valuable services to thousands of travellers.
3. Had Cain subdued every feeling of jealousy and hatred, he would not have committed the crime of fratricide.

!.

Fraus

(frau'd-is),

deceit.
a.

DEFRAUD', v. to cheat (180-7). FRAUD'ULENT, FRAUD, n. cheating (42-1). (122-2).

221.

treacherous

Fre'quens (frequerit-is),
a.

frequent.

FRE'QUENT,
(8-1).

occurring often

FREQUENTLY,

adv. often

not

rarely (54-2).

225.
1.

Fri'g-us (frig'or-is),
n.

cold.

FRIGID'ITY,

coldness;

2.

FRIG'ID, a. cold; wanting

want
1.

of

warmth.

warmth.

Arnold and Montgomery, disregarding the frigidity of a Canadian winter, attacked Quebec on the last night of 1775. 2. The frigid atmosphere, and the falling snow, increased the misery of the soldiers, in the memorable attack on Quebec, in 1775.

226.
1.

(frorit-is), the forehead. (specio,) a FRON'TIERS,. borders (108-1). picture facing the title-page. CONFRONT' (see page 32).
FRONTISPIECE, n.
The frontispiece
is

FrOHS

1.

on the left-hand page, the vignette on the

right.

227.

Fru'-or,

I enjoy.

Fru'it-us,
1

or

Fruc't-us,

enjoying.
1.

FRUI'TION, n. pleasure de- FRUIT, n, the part of plants rived from possession. containing the seed (213-4).
I

1.

By

tion

patient continuance in well-doing, of all our hopes, in another world.

we may hope

for the

frui-

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
228.
1.

127

Fw'g-io,

I flee.

Fu'git-um,
(21-7).

to flee.

SUBTERFUGE,
REF'UGE,

n. evasion.

FU'GITIVE, n.

one

who

flees

2. 3.

n. shelter.

CENTRIFUGAL^, (centrum,) REFUGEE', n. one who flees protection (49-2). tending from the centre. 1. By a mean subterfuge, Col. John Butler induced Zebulon
2.

foi

come, with his force, into the woods of Wyoming. Becket took refuge in the sanctuary, supposing the assassins would not dare to desecrate the sacred place but even here he fell a
ler to
;

victim to their insatiable desire for vengeance. 3. Two forces, the centripetal and centrifugal, keep the planets in their orbits.

229.
1.
1.

Ful'ge-o,

I shine.

FUL'GENCY, n. brightness. REFUL'GENCE, n. fulgency.

1.

EFFUL'GENCE,

n.

extreme brill-

The opinion, that

is

light

is

iancy (64-4). produced only by the fulgency of the

sun,

not tenable, as light was created before the sun.

230.

Fu'm-us,

smoke.

Fu'mig-o,
2.

I fumigate.
n.

1. FUMIGA'TION, n. the application of vapor as a disin-

PERFUM'ERY,
in general.

perfumes

fectant.
1.

PER'FUME,
substances are good for

n.

odor (213-2).
coffee, to-

Many

fumigation;
it is

such as

bacco, sugar, tar, etc. 2. In the manufacture of perfumery,

essence of flowers.

necessary to express the

231.
1

Furid-O,

I pour, I melt, melt.

Fu's-um,

to pour, to

FU'SION, n. state of being dissolved by heat.

fluid

of being convertible into a by heat.

1.

2. 3.

FU'SIBLE, a. capable of being CONFU'SION, n. tumult (192-1). melted. PKOFu'siON,n. abundance (89). EFFU'SION, n. pouring out. INFU'SION, n. the act of steep-

CONFOUND'ED,

part,

dis-

mayed.
4.

ing in water (108-2). DIFFUSE', v. pour out (220).

FUSIBIL'ITY, n. the quality

1.

INFUSE/

v.

(see

page 32).
All metals

Substances, in a state of fusion, are called liquids. are fusible ; but intense heat is requisite to fuse iron.

128
2.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
to secure the pacifica-

The humane measures, which Penn adopted,

tion of the Indians, prevented the

3.

effusion of blood. Braddock was confounded by the suddenness of

the attack, in

1755.
4.

Fusibility and

insolubility are predicable of the 51 metals

now

known.

232.
1.

Fllrid-US, a foundation. PRO FOUND', a. intellectually FUNDAMENTAL,

v.

deep.
2.

a. lying at the foundation (121-2).

FOUND,

to establish.
n. basis of

FOUNDATION,
edifice (74-1).
1.

PROFUN'DITY, an FOUND'ERED,
(19-1).

n.
v.

depth (52-1). sunk at sea

Jefferson,

found

the Declaration of Independence, was a reasoner on the most abstruse subjects.

who wrote

pro-

2. Lord Clarendon had the most extravagant and ludicrous idea of the empire he expected to found in Carolina.

233.
1.

Fu'n-us (fu'ner-is),
n.

a burial, a funeral.

FU'NERAL,
1.

the ceremony of burying a dead

human body.
funeral
of a

Usually, the sovereign does not attend in person the subject, but sends some one to represent him.

234.
1.

Fu'ri-a, a
a.

fury, or fiend.

transported with passion. VIII. w&s furious, when he saw Ann of Cleves, his fourth Henry wife Cromwell, the King's Vice-gerent, had great difficulty to induce him to solemnize the marriage with the customary pomp and splendor.

FU'RIOUS,

1.

235.

Fu'til-is, leaky, trifling.

a.

FU'TILE,

unavailing (35-7).
I disprove.

236.

Fu't-O,

Futa't-um,
I

to disprove.

CONFUTA'TION,
237.

n. refutation (260-2).

Futu'r-us.

See

Sum,

am.

238.

Fy,

to

make.

See the

suffix,

Fy.
to freeze.
a. like jelly.

239. Ge'l-o, I freeze.

1.

Gela't-um,
2.
|

CONGEAL',
1.

v.

to freeze.

GELAT'INOUS,
as

To congeal water, the temperature must be

low as 32 degrees

Fahrenheit's thermometer.
2. To mend china, and other fragile articles, various gelatinous substances, such as the white of an egg, isinglass, etc., are used.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.

129

240. Ge'r-O, I bear, I carry. Ges't-um, to bear, to carry. L GEST'URE,^. a movement ex- DIGES'TION, n. conversion of food into chyme the act of pressive of emotion.
;

JESTS, n. jokes. digesting (1-5). 1. Lee's division was making a retrograde movement, at the battle of Monmouth, when Washington, with an impatient gesture^ gave an imperative order for them to advance. 2. The King's Fool made jests to amuse the King and his courtiers
2.

241.

Ge'n-us (gerier-is),
19 to beget.

race,

family.

Gen'it-

Gens

(gen't-is), a family, a nation.

7.

1.

GE'NIAL,
tion.

a.

causing produc-

GENER'IC,
the genus.

a.

pertaining to

2.

GEN'IUS, n.

uncommon
a.

tellectual power.
3.

GEN'UINE,
ral.

real,

CONGEN'IAL, a. agreeable to the nature (124-3). natu- GENERATED, part, produced

in-

(60-1).
n. forefather.

4.
5.

PROGEN'ITOR,
INGEN'IOUS,

GEN'TLE,

a.

refined

in

man-

a.

inventive.
n.

ners (576-7).

6.

PRIMOGENITURE,
inheritance,

(pri-

INGENU'ITY,
(57-5).

n.

acuteness

mus,) the exclusive right of

to the eldest child.
1.

which belongs INGENUOUSNESS,

(148-1).

n.

candor

Notwithstanding the

reconcile the settlers to the

2.

The genius

climate of Virginia, Lane could not thought of remaining. of Locke was well adapted to writing on such an ab-

genial

stract subject as the

3.

"

Genuine

Understanding." sorrow was exhibited, by the people of Great Britain,

died.

when Washington
4.
is

As the deluge was

the great
5.

progenitor

general, and destroyed all but one family, of the human race.

Noah

of Americans,
6.

The patents issued every week exhibit the ingenious character and contribute greatly to the wealth of the nation. By the law of primogeniture^ the Prince of Wales is heirBread
is

apparent.
7.

generic term

for all

kinds of nutriment.

242.
1.

Gla'di-us,

a sword.
1.

GLADIATO'RIAL, a. relating to the Roman combats between gladiators.

GLAD'IATOR,
fought
for

n.

one

who

the

entertain-

ment

of the

Romans.

130

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
would applaud the
a little globe.
of a

1. The spectators of the gladiatorial shows success of either the gladiator or the beast.

243.
1.

Glo'b-US,

a globe.

Glob'ul-US,

GLOB'ULAR, a. spherical. [GLOBE, n. a sphere (44-4). 1. To make shot perfectly globular, it is dropped from the top
244.

high tower into cold water.

Glo'ri-d,
a.

glory, honor.

GLO'RIOUS,
4).

magnificent (64-

GLORIFICA'TION,

n. (facio,) the

act of giving glory to (477-5).

245. Glu't-io, I swallow.

GLUT'TON,
246.

n.

a gormandizer (180-6).
I

Gra'di-or,

go step by step.
step

Gres's-us, going

1.

2.

by step. GRADA'TION,W. advance step CONGRESS, n. the legislative by step. department (121-2). GRAD'UATE, v. receive a de- DEGREE', n. rank (18-4). GRAD'UAL, a. advancing by gree.
DEGRADES',
ment.
v.

3.

debases.
n.

steps (116-2).

4.

DEGRADATION,

debase-

PROG'RESS,
(77-1).

n.

advancement
a.

5.

AGGRES'SIONS, n. encroach- KET'ROGRADE, ments. (240-1).

backward

6.
7.

TRANSGRESSES, v. violates. TRANSGRES'SION, n. violation DIGRESSIONS, n. wander(75-11). ings from the main subject. IN'GRESS, n. entrance (65-1).
1.

John Singleton Copley, a poor boy of Boston, is a striking instance what can be effected by assiduous attention to business. He went to reside in England, was taken into the Government service, and rose by regular gradation, until he became Lord Chancellor of England. 2. Harvard College and Yale College, where so many of our erudite men graduate, were founded in 1637 and 1700.
of
3.

To use bad language

so

degrades

the character, that "Washington

forbade the practice in the army.

4.

Commodore Decatur found

great
5.

degradation.

relinquish the tribute,

the American prisoners in a state of compelled the Dey to release them, and to which had been long exacted.

He

The aggressions

of the British,
revolt.

on the rights of the

colonists,

strengthened their determination to

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
6.

131
the law of God,

Disobedience to parents not only

is

transgresses

but

subversive of all government. 7. In giving an account of any transaction, avoid useless

digres-

sions.
247.
1.

Gra'men (gram'in-is),
a. (voro,)

grass.

eating grass. 1. Many of the graminivorous and herbivorous animals, such the ox, camel, deer, sheep, and goat, are ruminants.

GRAMINIV'OROUS,

as

248.
1.

GRANDEE',
rank.

Grarid-is, great, grand. n. a man of high 2. GRAND'EUR,n.magnificence,

3.
v.

GRANDILOQUENCE,
quor,) bombast.

n.

(lo-

2.

AG'GRANDIZE,
1.

to increase.

Lord Clarendon, a grandee of England, received from Charles a large tract of land, which he called Carolina. 2. In 1683, Seth Sothel, a proprietor of North Carolina, arrived as Deputy- Governor. His only object seemed to be to aggrandize his
II.

own wealth and

power, that he might return to England, and live in

grandeur.
3.

James

I.,

the

grandiloquence

of England, thought himself a prodigy of authorship, but of the style makes his books ridiculous.

249.
1.

Gra'n-um,
a.

a grain of corn.
(voro,)

GRANIV'OROUS,
eating grain.

GRAIN,

n. cereals (75-6).

GRAN'ITE,
a storehouse

2.

GRAN'ARY,
for grain.
1.

n.

n. a rock consisting of several minerals (quartz,

feldspar, and mica) (173-1). Man, being both carnivorous and granivorous 9 has teeth called incisors for cutting, and molars for grinding.
2.

liberal

man will

endeavor to ameliorate- the condition of the poor,

his well-filled

by dispensing corn from

granary.

250.
1.

Gra't-us,
with

grateful, pleasing.
v.

Gra't-ia,
a.

favor.

CONGRATULATE,
dress
pleasure.

to ad-

4.

GRATUITOUS,
remuneration.
GRA'CIOUS,
a.

without

sympathetic
5.

2.

GRAT'ITUDE,
ness.

n.

thankful5.

benignant; bestowing mercy.

GRA'TIS, adv. for nothing.

3.

INGRAT'ITUDE,
fulness.

n.

unthank-

6.

IN'GRATE,
person.

n.

an ungrateful

132
7.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
commend GRATE'FUL,
a.

INGRA'TIATE, v. to

thankful;

ac-

to the favor of another.

GRAT'IFIED, part, indulged

(31-1).
1.

ceptable (147-2). AGREE', v. consent; yield assent to (264).

able to

After two years of oppressive rule by Seth Sotbel, the Carolinas were congratulate each other on the wise administration of John

Archdale.

wine, by

In 1824, the people showed their gratitude to the hero of Brandythan mere honorary titles. gifts more substantial 3. Santa Anna charged the Mexicans with ingratitude, and bade them remember the service he rendered at Vera Cruz. 4. The cession of Florida, and of the adjoining islands to the United
2.

States,
5.

was not gratuitous on the part of Spain. gracious manner, and friendly aid always given gratis 9 did much to humanize the Indians.
Penn's
6.

Retributive punishment

is

certain to visit the

ingrate 9 who treats

to

his parents
7.

with

Harvey,

disrespect. when sent to

England

for

impeachment, contrived

in-

gratiate
power

himself with the king, and to insinuate so many doubts, as to the loyalty of the Virginians, that the king invested him with plenary
to punish the complainants.

251.
1.
1.

Gra!v-is, heavy,
a.

GRIEV'OUS,
(of evil).

mournful.

Grav'it-as, weight. grievous. of matter towards other matter (65-7).

AGGRAVATION,
AG'GRAVATE,
evil (68-3).
v.

n. increase

GRAV'ITY,
increase an
3).

n. seriousness (146-

GRAVITA'TION,
1.

n.

GRIEF, n. sorrow (148-1). tendency GRIEVE, v. to distress (146-3).

to witness the

It

was grievous

aggravation
intense cold.

of the sufferings

of the soldiers at Valley Forge,

by the

252.
1.

Grex

(gre'g-is), a
a.

flock.
v.

EGRE'GIOUS,
bad.

remarkably CON'GREGATE,

to

assemble

2.

SEG'REGATE,
in a flock.
1.

v.

(197-1). to set apart CONGREGA'TION, n. an assem-

bly (65-1).

blunder of stopping to burn the towns on the Hudson, and Burgoyne was compelled to surrender a force, amounting in the aggregate to 10,000 men.
Clinton committed the

egregious

2.

The

prairie dogs

"

segregate

themselves in communities called

prairie-dog villages."

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
253.
1.

133
a

Guber'n-O,

I rule, I govern, governor, a steerer.

Guberna'tor,

GUBERNATORIAL, a. per- GOV'ERNME:^, n. the established form of law (16taining to the governor.
GOV'ERN,
1.

1.

v.

to rule.

2).

While Andross occupied the

he made several attempts to brought upon him ridicule and contempt.

gubernatorial chair of New York, govern Connecticut. His impotent efforts

254.
1.

Gus't-US,
v.

a taste, a relish.

DISGUST'ED, aversion of.

excited the DISGUST'ING, a. nauseous; offensive to the taste (161).

Governor Fletcher, by refusing

1. In 1692, Wadsworth disgusted to discuss the question of jurisdiction.

255.

Hab'e-o, I

have.

Hab'it-um,

to have.

Hab'of

1.

2.
3.

HABIT'UAL, a. DEBILITATED,
HAB'IT,
n.

Deb'il-is, weak, feeble. HABITATION, n. a place customary.

able.
a.

enfeebled.

custom.
v. v.

abode (27-3). HABIL'IMENTS,

(216-1).

garments

4.
5. 5.
5.

PROHIBIT,
INHAB'IT,

to forbid.

dwell

in.

HABiT'uATiNG,^>ar accustoming (8-2).

DEBII/ITY, n. feebleness.

INHABITANTS,
A'BLE,
a.
1.

n. residents.

UNA'BLE,

a.

not capable (22-

3). capable (11-3). The present tense often expresses what is habitual, universal, or " permanent; as, The sun gives light." 2. Hunger and exposure had greatly debilitated the soldiers at

Valley Forge.
3.

4.
5.

An Embargo Law

easy to form a bad habit / it is hard to cure one. is a law to prohibit vessels leaving port. Those who inhabit tropical climates, generally exhibit more
It
is

de-

bility in old age, than the

inhabitants

of colder regions.
9

256.

Hce're-o,
a.

I stick.

Hce's-um
I hesitate.

to stick.

Hces'(100-

it-O9
1.

INCOHERENT,
ent.

inconsist-

HES'ITATE,
i).

v.

scruple

2.

INHERENT,
ADHERE',
12
v.

a.

innate.

ADHER'ENCE,
2).

n.

adhesion (56-

to

own

allegi-

ance (207-1).

COHERE',

v. (see

page

32).

134
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
of the prisoners, confined in the Sugaretc., excited

The incoJierent ravings

House, who were in a state of inanition, from want of food, no compassion among the Tories.
2.

The inherent right

of all

men

to

life,

fully recognized in the Constitution of the

United

liberty, and protection, is States.

257.
1.

Ha'l-O,
v.

I breathe.

Hala't-um,
INHALE',
v.

to breathe.
;

EXHALES',
(68-3).
1.

breathes out.

to breathe in

to

EXHALATIONS,

vapors

inspire (129).
inhales

robust person

exhales and

many times

in a minute.

258.

Haus't-um,
a,

to draw.

EXHAUSTED,
259.

drawn

out INEXHAUST'IBLE,
(24-2).
grass.

a.

unfailing

until nothing is left (65-4).

Her'b-a,
a.

an herb

HERBIV'OROUS,
260.
1.

(voro,) eating herbs (247).

heir.

He'r-es (here'd-is), an
2.

Hered'it-as,
one

an inheritance.

1.

HEKED'ITAKY, a. descended by inheritance. INHERITANCE, n. patrimony.

1.

HEIR,
its.

n.

who

inher-

DISINHERIT, v. to cut from succession (100-1).

off

The

friends of

John Locke ridiculed the idea of an hereditary

order of nobility
ness,

a people sparsely scattered through the wilderwhose only inheritance would be a log-cabin. 2. The Pretender, son of James II., would hear nothing in confutation of his theory, that he was heir to the throne of England.

among

261.

Ho'm-o (hom'in-is),
a.

a man.
n.

HU'MAN,

belonging kind (27-3).

a.

to

man- HUMAN'ITY,

the nature of

man
2).

(47-1).
a.

HUMANE',
2).

benevolent (231- INHU'MAN,

barbarous (103-

262.

Ho' nor, respect, honor.

a.

Hones't-us,
a.

honorable.

DISHON'ORABLE,
(169-5).

degrading HON'ORARY,

conferring hon-

or (250-2).
a.

HON'ORABLE,

not base (222- HON'ESTY,

(165-2).

n.

uprightness

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
263.

135

HOT're-O,
a.

to be dreadful, to shudder.
|

"HOB'EIBLE,
264.
1.

dreadful (56-3).
I exhort.

HOR'ROR,

n.

dread (68-3).
exhorting.

Hor't-or,
v.

Horta't-us,
settlers to

EXHORT'ED,
.

entreated.
remove, but they

1 Washington exhorted the Wyoming would not agree to leave their homes.

265. ITor't-U8, a garden.

1.

HOR'TICULTURE,

n.

(colo,)

2.

HORTICULTURAL, 'a.

(colo,)

the culture of gardens. relating to horticulture. 1. To promote horticulture) the Patent-Office is allowed to
tribute seeds.
2.

dis-

The

collection of ferns in
r

Horticultural

Hall

is

very

fine.

266.
1.

Hos'p-es (hos pit-is),

a.
;

a host or guest.
n.

HOS'PITABLE,
itors

kind to vis- HOST,

one

who

receives

entertaining strangers

guests (382).

with kindness.
1.

HOTEL',

n.

an inn (382).
;

Roger Williams expostulated with the Council but finding he did not prevail, he sought refuge among the hospitable Narragansetts.

267.

Hos't-is, an enemy.
n.

HOST,
2).

multitude

(42-

HOSTILITY, n. enmity (74-2). HOSTILITIES, n. hostile proceedings (17-2).

HOS'TILE,

a.

adverse (17-1).

268.
1.

Hu'm-US, the ground. Hu'mil-is, Hu me-O9 to be wet or moist.

f

humble.

HUMILIATION,
tion.

n. mortifica-

HUMID'ITY,
5).

n.

dampness (213-

2. 3.

EXHUME', v. disinter. HUM'BLE, v. to free from pride HUMIL'IATE, v. to humble. (329-3). HU'MID, a. damp (68-3). HU'MOR, n. pleasantry (146-3).
1.

loss of Quebec, in 1759, was a great humiliation to France. In 1661, Charles II. gave orders to exhume the body of Oliver Cromwell, and, as it was not entirely decomposed, it was easy to prove

The

2.

its

identity.
3.

in the

To humiliate his son, the King Frederick William treated him most barbarous manner " he was kicked, cudgelled, pulled by the
;

hair, etc."

136
269.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
the same.
v.

I'dem,

IDEN'TICAL, a. the same (134-2). IDEN'TIFY,

to prove

sameness

IDENTITY, n. sameness (268-2).

270. Ig'n-is,
1.
1.

(65-14).

fire.

IGNITE', v. to set on fire. In 1777, Col. Meigs was able to ignite the British Harbor and to explode the magazine.
;

vessels at

Sag

271.

Ima'g-o (imag'in-is),
n. fancy.

an image.
a.

Imagined fancied
;

1.

IMAGINATION,
IM'AGE,

t-US, fancying. IMAGINARY,

vis-

ionary (64-6). IMAG'INE, v. to conceive by IM'AGERY, n. figurative reprethe fancy (199-2). sentation (64-1).
1. Imagination can scarcely depict a more desolate situation, than the Colony of Virginia, isolated as it was, and surrounded by Indians, who desired its extirpation.

n. statue (110).

272.

Imbecil'l-is, weak,
a.

feeble.

IM'BECILE,
273.
1.

feeble (290-3).
I imitate.

Tm'it-or,
n.

IMITA'TORS,

those

who

2.

IMITA'TION, n.
copying.

the act of

pattern
1.

after.

2.

Milton has had many imitators, since he wrote " Paradise Lost." Such an excellent imitation of the diamond has been made, that

experts are sometimes deceived.

274.

Im'per-O,
n.

command. mand.

Impera't-um, to
a.

com-

EM'PIRE,

the dominion of an IMPE'RIAL,

pertaining to an

emperor (75-3). emperor (98-1). EM'PEROR, n. a monarch over IMPE'RIOUS, a. overbearing an empire (98-1). (65-3).

Ina'n-is, empty. INANI'TION, n. exhaustion (256-1).

276.

275.

Indi'gen-a,
a.

a native, the native of a place.

INDIGENOUS,

native (56-7).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
277.
1.

137

Indus'tri-a 9

industry.

IN'DUSTRY, n. habitual diligence. 1. By industry and economy France has been able
278.

to

pay the war

indemnity.

Irifer-us and Infer'n-us,

a.

below.

1.

INFE'RIOR, a. lower in place INFER'NAL, the lower regions. (85-3). " 1. Stygian," in Heathen Mythology, refers to the Styx, a river of the

pertaining to

infernal
279.
1. 2.

regions.

Irisul-a, an
a.

island.

IN'SULATE, v. to isolate.
IN'SULAR,

tions of
to

land almost sur-

belonging

an island.
PENIN'SULAS, w.(pene,) por1.

rounded by water (444-1). IS'OLATED, a. placed by itself

(271).
to

Clinton hoped,

by forming a junction with Burgoyne,

States.

insulate

New England
2.

from the Middle

of

The insular position

England

led to the passage of the Navi-

gation Acts, intended to increase her commerce.

1.

280. Iriteg-er, whole, entire. DISINTEGRATE, v. to reduce INTEGRITY,

to fragments.

n. purity of mind honesty (165-2).

2.

1.

IN'TEGRAL, a. whole, entire. The power of moisture to disintegrate

solid rock is

shown by

the sand on the sea-shore. 2. The action of the Berlin Congress was tantamount to deciding that Turkey should not be an integral part of Europe.

281.

intimate.
1.

Intrin' sec-us, on the inside. Iritim-us, most Inter'n-US, inward. Irit-US 9 within.
a.

INTRINSIC,

inherent.

IN'TIMATE,

INTE'RIOR, nal (132-1). INTIMA'TION, n. hint (103-2). 1. The pleasure experienced on receiving a gift, does not depend on its intrinsic value, but on the feeling which prompted it.
;

a.

inner

inter-

a. familiar; in friendship (83-1).

close

282.

Tra,
a.

anger.
easily

Itfrit-O,

make

angry.

IRAS'CIBLE,

made

IR'RITATED,V. provoked (12-2).

lR'RiTABLE,a.irascible (508-2).

angry (12-2). 12*

138

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I'ter-o, I repeat. a. ITINERANT, journeying
(92-3).

283. I'ter (itirier-is), a journey.

to repeat (110). REIT'ERATE, v. to repeat again

IT'ERATE,

v.

and again

(65-5).
lie.

ITIN'ERATE,

v.

travel (558-5).

284. Ja'ce-o, I
1.

CIRCUMJA'CENT, around.

a.

lying

AD JA' CENT,

a.

lying near to

1. Florida, and the States in 1821.

circumjacent

(74-2). islands, were ceded to the United

285. Ja!c-io, I throw.

1.

Jac't-um,

to throw.

CONJECTURE,
EJECT',
v.

n. surmise.

2.
3.

to expel.
n.

AD'JECTIVE, n. a word added to a noun to describe it (8-1).

n.

DEJEC'TION,
of spirits.

depression SUB'JECT,

that

which

is

brought under thought (37a.

AB'JECT,
1.

(125-6). 3). Washington was right in his conjecture 9 that

mean

Howe

intended to

attack

New

York, in 1776.

2. Dunmore, the last Royal Governor of Virginia, was regarded with such aversion, that the colonists determined to tolerate him no longer, but to eject him by force.

3. The act of the traitor, Arnold, caused great dejection American army, and a few timorous citizens joined the Loyalists.

in the

286. Jo'c-us, a joke.

1.

JOC'ULAR,
1.

a.

jocose.
n.

3.

JOC'UND,

a.

merry.
his

2.

JOCULAR'ITY,

gayety.

JOKE,
illiterate,

n. jest (291).

name

who had been wounded by him at " Ah Colonel," retorted Mrs. Jones, in a jocular manner, Cowpens. " you bear evidence that he can make his mark." 2. The jocularity of Charles II., and his sociable disposition, made
!

"Colonel Washington is very to a document," said Tarleton,

and cannot subscribe

him a general
3.

favorite.

Never were the jocund strains of the Highland pipe more welcome, than when they announced the relief of Lucknow, 1857.

287.
1.

Ju'dic-o,
a.

judge.

Judica't-um,
3.

to judge.
n.

JUDI'CIOUS, a. wise.

JU'DICATORY,
v.

a tribunal.

2.

JUDICIAL,

pertaining to

4.

courts of justice.

form an MISJUDGE', erroneous opinion.

to

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
JUDI'CIARY, n. the system of
courts of justice (475-1).
1.

139
a.

PREJUDICIAL,
6).

injurious (65to supersede At-

By judicious management,

kinson, induced Black

2.

Hawk

Scott, who to sign a treaty.

was sent

John Jay, who was

at the

head of the
linguist.

Judicial

Department, under
is

Washington, was an excellent

3. The giving of false testimony before a judicatory 9 which tends to subvert the very foundations of society.

a crime

4.

Often

we misjudge a

case, for lack of careful

examination.

288. Jim'gro, Ijoin.

1.

Junc't-um,tojom. Ju'g-um,
|

2.

a yoke. AD'JUNCT, n. a thing joined. SUB' JUGATE, v. conquer (11-3). CONJUNCTURE, n. combina- SUBJUGATION, n. the act of
tion.

CON'JUGAL,
1.

a.

relating

to

bringing under the power or absolute control of another

(76-3). should be placed near
its

marriage (140-5).
The
relative,

with any

adjunct 9

ante-

cedent, to prevent ambiguity. 2. The invention of the mariner's compass, the discovery of America, and the invention of printing, formed a conjuncture of circumstances,

very favorable to the dissemination of knowledge.

289.
1.

Ju'r-o,
v.

I swear.

Jura't-um,
(75-3).

to swear.
n.

CON'JURE,

to

practise PER' JURY,

false

swearing

magical

arts.

1. Although the magicians of Chaldea professed to could not read the handwriting on the wall.

conjure, they

290.
1.

Jus (ju r-is) 9 right, justice, law.

r

Jus't-US, just.
.

JURISPRUDENCE,
science of law.

n. (video,)

3.

INJUSTICE, n. want ofjustice.

IN JU'RIOUS, a. hurtful (75-9)

n. (dico,) ex-

2.

JURISDICTION,
1.

IN'JURES,

v.

damages

(8-2).

tent of power. Kufus Choate was noted

ADJUST', v.to set right(75-l).

for his familiarity

with

difficult questions

in jurisprudence.
2. In 1688, New Jersey was included in the jurisdiction of Andross, although his claim to it had been contested. 3. The Indians never forgot the injustice of Major Waldron having captured the imbecile old man, they proceeded to excruciate their prisoner, before inflicting a mortal wound.
;

140
291.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
;

Ju'ven-is, young
n.

young man

youth.

KEJUVENES'CENCE,

a re- JU'VENILE,

a.

youthful; per(97-1).
that Ponce de

newing
1.

of youth. taining to It seems like a joke, rather than an historical

for

youth
fact,

Leon hoped

rejuvenescence.
labor.
I

292.

La'bor, work,
a.

ELABORATE,

wrought with LA'BORED,

v.

toiled (38-2).

labor (24-1).

LA'BOK, n. work (170-4).

falling, sliding.

293.
1.

Lap'sus,
v.

COLLAPSE',
or together.

to fall

inward

3.

RELAPSE',
again.

v.

to

fall

back

2.

ELAPSED',
1.

v.

passed away.

LAPSE,
it is

Engineers are trying to discover what

v. to glide (679-2). which causes a boiler to

collapse. 2. But fourteen years elapsed, it became a State.

after the settlement of Ohio, before

3. Washington adopted the most lenient measures with Aaron Burr, expostulated with him in private, and when he promised to improve, put him on probation. But Burr's negligence caused him to relapse into

his old habits;

and

as he

much

deliberation, dismissed

showed no signs of penitence, Washington, him from his staff. a tear.

after

294.
1.

Lach'rym-a,
a.

LACH'RYMAL,
1.

secreting tears. Pepper, when taken in large quantities,

affects

the

lachrymal

glands.

295.
1.

Lamerit-or,
n.

I bewail.
a.

LAMENT',
of sorrow.
1.

an expression LAM'ENTABLE,
(125-9).
for his

deplorable
classic lit-

David's

lament

son Absalom

is

unsurpassed in

erature.

296.

La'p-is (lap'id-is),
n.

a stone.

DILAPIDATION,
297.

demolition (158-1).
broad.

La't-us,

LAT'ITUDE, n.

from DILATE', v. to enlarge upon the equator either north or (195-3). south (107). DILA'TION, n. expansion (485).
distance

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
298.
1.

141

La't-us (lalfer-is),
a. (sequus,)
2.

a side.

EQUILAT'ERAL,

COLLATERAL,
on the side
of.

a.

indirect

having equal sides. 1. From a simple proposition

that
2.
it is

in

Geometry, we have the corollary,

impossible for a right-angled triangle to be

of

equilateral*

The Treaty

no mention of
seamen.

Ghent settled some collateral questions, but made the main point at issue, viz., the impressment of American

299.
1.

Laus
v.

(lau'd-is),

praise.

Lauda't-um,
a.

to

praise.

LAUD'ABLE,a.praiseworthy. LAUD'ATORY,

expressive of

praise (483-2). praise (167-5). The settlement of Georgia, in 1733, resulted from the laudable desire of some benevolent gentlemen to provide an asylum for the op1.

LAUD,

pressed of all nations.

300.
1.

Lax' -US, RELAXATION, n.

loose, open.

1.

LAX, a. loose (308). In Germany, families go to the beer gardens for relaxation.
diversion.
|

301. JJe'g-O 9 I send as an ambassador I bequeath, ga't-WWl, to send as ambassador to bequeath.

;
;

ie-

1.

ALLEGATIONS,
tions.

n.

declara-

LEG'ACY,

n. a gift

by

will of

2.

DEI/EG ATE,
sioner.
1.

n.

personal property (191-2). a commis- LEGA'TION, n. a deputation

(114-3).
the

King Charles considered

allegations

against

Harvey

insig-

nificant
2.

and easily disproved. Rhode Island did not send a delegate

to the

Convention in 1787.

302. Le'g-o, I gather, I

1.

select, I read.

Lec't-um
n.

to

gather, to select, to read.

LEG'IBLE,
read.

a.

that

can be INTELLIGENCE,
(19-1).
of

information

2.

LEG'END,

n.

narrative

ELEC'TION,

n.

the act of choos-

fabulous character.
3.

ing (75-10). DI'ALECTS, n. peculiar modes DIL'IGENT, a. industrious (97i).

a.

of speech.
3.

INTEL'LIGIBLE, be understood.

that can EL'IGIBLE,

(12-1).

a. fit to

be chosen

142
LECT'URE,

A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
n. a discourse con-

veying instruction (66-1). NEG'LIGENCE, n. inattention

(293-3).
1.

NEGLECT'ED, v. omitted (113) SELECT'ED, j9ar. chosen (19-1).

COLLECT',
(96-1).
re-

v.

to gather together

very ancient and legible copy of the Holy Scriptures has

cently been found in Russia. 2. According to an Indian

legend, "Alabama" means "Here

there
is

I lay

my
3.

bones."

In a great
it,

many dialects,
that
it is

a word meaning

"

amen," and

so similar to

intelligible

to a foreigner.

303.

Ldn-is,

mild, gentle.
gentle.

Lefni-O,
LE'NIENT,
a.

I soothe, I

make

1.

LEN'ITY, n. treatment.
1.

gentleness

of

mild

gentle

soothing (293-3).
on the restoration of monarchy, strove to intimidate his
'

Charles

II.,

enemies by severity, rather than appease them by lenity

1.

304. ILe'-O, or Jji!n-O, to besmear to blot. a. INDEL'IBLE, a. not to be DELETE'KIOUS,

;

injurious

erased.
1.

(11-10).
of Paris has left

The execution of the Archbishop

an indelible

Btain on the perpetrators of the deed.

305. Le'v-is,
1.

light.

Le V-O,
r

I raise.
v.

LEV'ITY,
cable.

n. lightness.
a.

ALLE'VIATE,
(204-2).

to

lighten

2.

IRKEL'EVANT,

not appli-

RELIEF',

n. assistance;

succor

(370). 1. A person need not be a devotee, to avoid levity on serious subjects. 2. The reply of George III., to an interrogation, was frequently so irrelevant, as to excite grave doubts of his sanity.

EL'EVATE,V. to raise (200-1).

306.
LE'GAL,

Lex
a.

(le'g-is), a law. Legitim-us, legal. pertaining to law LEGISLATURE, n. (fero,) the

unlawful (75-10).
v. (fero,)

(11-5).

ILLE'GAL,

a.

law-making power the supreme power of a state(14-2).

;

LEGISLATE,

to enact

PBJV'ILEGES, n. (privus,) special

laws (121-2).

advantages (85-2).

LATIN DERIVATIVES..
307. Li'ber,
1.

143

free.
v.

LIBERALIZE, narrow views.

DELIV'ERY,
ness of
1.

to

remove LIB'ERAL,
LIB'ERTY,

a.
v.

generous (249).
to set free (15-2).

LIB'ERATE,
n.

2.

n. release.

ILLIBERAL'ITY,

freedom (12-4). narrow- LIBERA'TION, n. freedom from

n.

mind

(146-3).

restraint (85-1).
it

good education tends to liberalize the mind and free

is

from

superstition.
2.

The delivery of a person from prison

frequently effected

by a

writ of Habeas Corpus.

308. Li'b-er
1.

(UVri),

a book.

LI'BEL,

n.

1.

writing. It is no libel

defamatory LI'BRARY, n. a collection of books (147-3).

to describe the

English kings as exceedingly lax in

morals.

309. I/i'bra, a pound, a balance.

DELIBERATION,

n.

consideration (293-3).

1.

310. Li'g-o, I bind. Liga't-um, to bind. ALLE'GIANCE, n. acknowl- Li' ABLE, a. subject (598).
RELI'GION, n. duty edged obligation to obey. man (214-1). LIG'AMENT, n. a strong comto

God and

2.

pact substance uniting two OBLIGED',

bones.
1.

part,

compelled

(66-4).

The American Colonies did not deny that they owed allegiance
In a ball and socket
joint, (such as the shoulder,) the ball is

to Great Britain.
2.

kept

in place

by a ligament.

311.

lA'men
a.

(lim'in-is), a

threshold.

PRELIMINARY,
312.
1.

introductory (18-4).
f

Li'mes (lim it-is) 9

No

a limit, a boundary.

LIMITA'TION, n. restriction. 1. The permanent limitation to

"
State,

the

power of amendment
its

is

as fol-

lows:

without

its

consent, shall be deprived of

equal suf-

frage in the Senate."

144
313.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
line.

Jji!ne-a9 a

Li'n-um,

flax.

2.
3.

4.

DELIN'EATE, v. to draw. LIN'EN, n. cloth made of flax LIN'EAMENT, n. feature. (75-6). LIN'EAR, a. relating to lines. LIN'SEED, n. the seed of flax RECTILIN'EAR, a. (rectus,) (75-6). LIN'EAGE,W. family line (75-4). having straight lines. LINES, n. boundaries (60-2). LIN'EAL, a. in a line (75-4).
the juvenile efforts of Benjamin West, was an attempt to the portrait of his little niece. lineament was so correct, that his mother was able to

1. One of delineate 2.

Every
it

recognize
3. 4.

immediately.

Duodecimals are used both in linear and square measure.

Any

figure

bounded by straight lines

is

rectilinear ; bounded

by four

lines is quadrilateral.

314.

I/irigu-d, the tongue

n.

LAN'GUAGE,

a language. the speech of a LIN'GUIST, n. one

;

skilled

in

nation (195-6).
315.

languages (287-2).

Isiriqu-o, I leave. lAc't-um, to leave. DELINQUENCY, n. fault (113). RELINQUISH, v. to abandon

REL'ic,n.somethingleft (24-1).
316.
(17-3).

Ll'que-O,

to melt, to be liquid.

LIQ'UORS, n. distilled liquids (51).

317.
1.

lAs
f
;

(li't-is),

strife.

a. (ago,) fond LiTiGA TioN,n.(ago,)going|2. LITIG'IOUS, of litigation. a suit at law. to law

I

The people of New Hampshire regarded the demand for rent as an the point. imposition, and resorted to litigation, to decide 2. "Whitney, the inventor of the cotton-gin, though not litigious, was constantly involved in lawsuits.
1.

318.
1.

IAter-a9
a.

a letter.
a.

LIT'ERAL,
letter.

exact to the ILLITERATE,

1). v.

ignorant (286-

2.

OBLITERATE,
out.

to

rub LIT'ERARY, a. relating to learning (11-2).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
1.
2.

145

To produce a literal copy of a long article requires close attention. Americans will never be able to obliterate from their remembrance the despicable attempt of Arnold to betray his country.
319.
1.

Lo'c-US,
of

a place.

Lo'co,
2.

I place.
a.

LOCOMC/TION,
1.
2.

n.

(moveo,)

LO'CAL,

relating to place,

LOCALITY, n. place (56-3). power changing place. An oyster has not locomotion , yet it is classed among animals.

knowledge

of

local geography
long.

is

valuable in any vocation.

320.
1.

Lorig-us,

lished meridian, as GreenELON'GATE, v. to lengthen. wich (141-2). LON'GITUDE, n. distance, east or west, from any estab- PROLONG' (see page 33). 1. From the 21st of December, the days continue to elongate in the

Northern Hemisphere, and diminish in the Southern, until the sun reaches
the equinoctial line,

when

the days and nights are equal.

I speak. 1. ELOCU'TION, n. the art of

321.

Lo'qu-or,

JLocU t-U89
COLLO'QUIAL,

speaking.

2.

a. relating to conversation (52-1). CIRCUMLOCU'TION, n. round- COL'LOQUY, n. conversation

oratorical delivery.

3.

about expression. OB'LOQUY, n. censure

(146-3).
;

cal-

umny.
4.

EL'OQUENT, a. expressive of strong emotion (18-4).

talkativeness
(146-3).

SOLIL'OQUY,
To
excel in

(solus,)

a LOQUA'CITY, n.

speech in solitude.
1.

elocution 9

great attention should be paid to the cor-

rect enunciation of every vowel.

2. Perry used no circumlocution in announcing his great victory on Lake Erie, September, 1813. 3. Much obloquy was cast on William Penn, for his friendship for James II. " 4. Gate's soliloquy 9 commencing, It must be so, Plato, thou reasonest well," may have kept many horn suicide.

322.
1.

Lu'ce-o, I shine. I/w'men (lu'min-is), Lus'tr-O, I make clear or bright.

v.

light.

ELU'CIDATE,
up.

to explain.
n.

ILLUSTRA'TION, n. exemplification (334-2).

2.

ILLUMINATION,

lighting

LU'MINARY,
13

n.

the sun

any

3.

Lu'MiNOUS,a.emittirg light.

orb that gives light (206-1).

146
1.

A
Newton was

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
the
first

to clearly

elucidate

the principle of the at-

traction of gravitation.
2.

There was a general

illumination, on
body, but

the repeal of the

is

Stamp

Act, in 1766.
3.

The moon

is

not a

luminous

able to irradiate the

earth

by

reflecting the rays of the sun.

323.
1.

Lu'cr-um,

gain.

Lucra't-US,

gaining.

LUCRATIVE,

a. profitable.

1. The great diversity in the productions of the United States, the foreign commerce very lucrative*

makes

324.
1.

Luc't-or,
a.

I struggle.

KELUC'TANT,
1.

unwilling.

Elizabeth was very reluctant to sign the death-warrant of Essex, but as she could find no excuse for his conduct, she was compelled to
yield.

325.

Im'd-O,
n.

I play, I deceive. deceive.

Lu S-um, to play, to
f

ALLU'SIONS,
(97-1).

references LU'DICROUS,

a.

exciting

to

ELUDE',
326.
1.

v.

to evade (104-2).

laughter (232-2). DELUDE', v. to cheat (665).

JMn-a,
n.
a.

the moon.
n.

LU'NATIC,
son.

an insane per- LU'NACY,

erly

the

madness propkind which is

;

LU'NAR,

pertaining to the

broken by intervals of reason (170-3).

moon
1.

(170-3).

George III. was for was appointed Regent.

many

years a

lunatic;
^>~
r

in 1811, Prince

George

327.
1.

Im'-O,

uL ~LXXA/ wash away. Z/W t-um,

2.
1

to

wash away.
weaken.

ABLU'TION,
1.

n. a washing.

DILUTE',

v.

to

The frequent ablution of the whole body is enjoined by the Mosaic Law. 2. It is a crime, in some countries, to dilute milk or adulterate articles
of merchandise.

328.
1.

Magis'ter (magis'tr-i),
n.

a master.
a.

MAGISTRACY,

the

office

2.

MAGISTERIAL,

having

of a magistrate.

the air of authority.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
3.

147
others

MAGISTRATE, ?i. one having MAS'TER, n. one having

civil authority.
1.

under authority (128).

Prescott, the

magistracy,
2.

Governor of Rhode Island, appointed none to the but those who would carry out his malicious designs.

isterial
3.

Berkley, the aristocratic governor of. Virginia, said with a air, "Thank God, there are no free schools nor printing-presses

maghis

in Virginia."

Bunyan was
would

frequently brought before a

magistrate, when
greater.

friends

intercede for him.

329.

Mag'n-us,

great.

Ma'jor,
greatest.
3.

1.

MAGNANIMOUS, a.(animus,)
of noble mind.

MAG'NA-CHAR'TA,

n. (char-

2. 3.

MAG'NIFY, v. to enlarge. MA'JESTY, n. title of a sovereign.

1.

Had Washington been lees measures to punish Conway for his unprovoked attacks. 2. We use a microscope to magnify ; a telescope to see distant objects.

part greater than the sum of all the other parts (97-3). magnanimous, he would have taken

ta,) the great charter. MAJOR'ITY, n. the

3. His Majesty, King John, had many things to humble him, but the signing of JtfogTOO-Charta, 1215, reduced him to despair.

330.

Ma'l-US,

evil, bad.

Malig'n-US,

ill-disposed;

malevolent.

MALADMINISTRATION, n. (min- MALEFAC'TOR, n. (facio,) a criminal (201). istri,)bad use of power (123i).

MAI/CONTENT,
satisfied

n. (teneo,) a dis-

malevolence (140). MALi'cious,a.malevolent (328MAL'ICE,

n.
1).

member

of society

(445).

MALIG'NITY,
v.

n.

extreme en-

MALIGN',
331.

to slander (672-2).
I

mity

(64-5).

Marid-O,

command. Jlfanda't-um, mand.

REPRIMAND',
sure (2).

to

comcen-

COMMAND',
14).

n. injunction (75-

n. reproof;

COUNTERMAND',
(124-2).

v.

to

revoke COMMEND'ABLE,
praise (491),

a.

worthy

of

MAN'DATE,

n.

order (75-13).

REMAND'

(see

page 33).

148
332.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I stay.

Ma'ne-o,

Maris-um,
r
|

to stay.

PERMANENT,
333.

a. lasting (312).

KEMAiN iNG,^ar^.staying(241)
to flow.

Ma'n-o,
v.

I flow.

Mana!t-um,

EM'ANATES,
334.
1.

proceeds from (16-2).

the hand.

Ma'n-us,
n.

writes for another.

2.

who MANEU'VER, n. (opera), a skilful movement (138-1). MANUFACTORY, n. (facio,) a MAN'ACLES, n. fetters. MAN'UAL, a. performed by place where goods are made
AMANUEN'SIS,
one

the

hand

(157).
v.

(57-2).
(teneo),
n.

MAINTAIN',

to

support (126-3).

MANUFACTURE, n. (facio,) anything made by the hand or

by
art (35-6).
(scribo),

MANUMIS'SION,
8).
1.

(mitto,)

giving liberty to slaves (65- MAN'USCRIPT, n.

writing (125-5).
of sight

Want

suits,

after
2.

yet Milton by he became blind.

considered an insuperable obstacle to literary purmeans of an amanuensis wrote " Paradise Lost,"
is

Columbus, returning from the

New World

in

manacles,

is

striking illustration of the mutability of earthly things.

335.
1
.

Ma'r-e,
,

the sea.
a.

TRANSMARINE'
sea.

across the

MAR'ITIME, a. bordering on the

sea (132-1).
n.

2.

SUBMARINE',
sea.
1.

a.

under the MAR'INER,

one

who

follows

the sea (288-2).

possessions,
2.

In 1763, England received a large accession to her transmarine by the acquisition of Canada. The efforts of Cyrus W. Field, to lay a submarine telegraph, to

unite

England and America, have been

successful.

336.

Mars

(mar't-is),

the god of war.

COURT- MAR'TIAL,
337.

n. a military court (2).

Mas'cul-us,
a.

the male.

MAS'CULINE,

relating to the male sex (449-1).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
338.
1.

149

Matter (matfr-is),
n. (caedo,)

a mother.
a.

MAT'RICIDE,

the

MATER' NAL,

relating

to a

mother (696). murder of a mother. MA'TRON, n. an elderly MAT'RIMONY, n. marriage (545married lady (146-3).
1.

2).
is

Matricide

is

not the least crime of which the Emperor Nero

accused.

339.
1.

Matdri-a,
n.

matter.
n.

MAT'TER,
1.

anything per- MATE'RIAL,

matter

sub-

ceived by the senses.

It
is

easy to

stance (78). confute the old theory that heat and light are matter.
ripe.
I

340.
1.

Matu'r-us,
a.

MATURED',^, well digested.

IMMATURE',

MATU'RITY,

n. ripeness (119).

unripe (119). PRE'MATURE,a.too hasty(86-l)

I

1. In 1838, the insurgents in Canada, having an insurrection took place.

matured

their plans,

341.
1.

Med'e-or,
a.

I cure.

Med'ic-us,
15).

a physician.

MEDIC'INAL,

having the

used in curing disease (65-

power

of healing.
a.

MED'ICAL,

intended for a relating to the REME'DIAL, a.

art of healing (177-3).

remedy

(92-4).

MED'ICINE, n. any substance REM'EDY, n. cure (180-3). 1. The Indians are well acquainted with the medicinal properties
of the plantain.

342.
1.

Med'it-or,
v.

I muse.

PREMEDITATED,
1.

planned previously.

As the Indians

they were

of Virginia premeditated the attack, in 1644, well prepared for the contest.

343.
1.

Med'i-us,
n.

middle.

Medi'ocr-is,

middling.

ME'DIUM,

ME'DIATE, v. to interpose between parties, for the puradv. instantIMMEDIATELY,

means.
pose of effecting a reconcilian.

ly (313-2).

MEDIA'TION,
tion (28-2).

interposi-

tion (75-1).

IMME'DIATE, a. present (504-2).

1. system of signals is usually adopted, as a cation between the distant parts of an army.

medium of communi-

13*

150

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
better (249-2).

344. Me'lior, better. AMELIORATE, v. to make

345.
1.

Me'mor,

mindful.
n. recollec-

Mem'in-i,

remember.
a.

REMINIS'CENCE,
tion.

IMMEMO'RIAL,
ory (199-3).

beyond mem-

1.

2.

MEM'OKY, n. the faculty by MEM'ORABLE, a. worthy to be which we remember. remembered (225-2). MEMO'RIAL, n. a monument. REMEM'BER, v. bear in mind COMMEM'ORATE, v. to pre(250-3). serve in memory by some MEN'TION, n. a calling to mind
public act (22-6).
1.

(298-2).

The following pleasing reminiscence of Washington is worth committing to memory. As Washington was about to leave a house, where he had made a call, a modest little girl opened the door, and court" " My dear," said Washington, I wish eously held it for him to pass out.

you a
2.

better service."

"

Yes, sir," said the

little girl,

"

to let

you

in."

library

is

a far more suitable

memorial of Benjamin Franklin,

erect.

than any useless monument, which posterity could

346.

Merid-a9

a blemish, a mistake.
the better (312).

AMEND'MENT,
347.

n. alteration for

Mens
a.

MEN'TAL,
348.
1.

(merit-is), the mind. relating to the mind (105-2).

a measure.

3iv

Mensu'ra,

n. plans; the measuring (15-1). dimensions (43-2). IMMENSE', a. of vast extent (38).
1.

DIMENSION, MEAS'URES,
To

n. extent.

MEASUREMENT,

JMLe'ti-or, I measure. n. the act of

find the area of a rectangular figure, multiply one

dimension

by

the other.

349.
1.

Me?-O,

I go.
a.

Mcearider,
2.

a river in Phrygia.
v.

MEAN'DERING,
1.

winding,

PER'MEATE,

to

pass
of.

or flowing round.

through the interstices

Mythology gives the name Maeander to a river in Asia, remarkable for its meandering or serpentine course. 2. The noxious substances used in some wall paper, are often found to

permeate

the air and render

it

unwholesome.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
350.

151
buying.

Mer'c-or,
a.

I buy, I trade,

Mer'cans,

trading.
1.

MERCENARY,
pay.

serving for COM'MERCE, n. trade (130).

MERCHANDISE,
a.

n.

things

2.

MERCANTILE,
to a
1.

pertaining

merchant.

bought and sold (75-6). MER'CHANT, n. a trader (11-5).

cenary
2.

Burgoyne's army was composed of a heterogeneous mass of troops, gathered by conscription.

mer-

deserters,
States.

The assumption, that the British Government had the right to seize was destructive of the mercantile interests of the United

351.

Mer'g-o,

I dip

Mer's-um
EMERGE',

to dip.
v.

EMER'GENCY, n. pressing
V sity (169-1).
/

neces-

to

rise

out (see
to sink

IMMER'SION,
(125-2).

n.

page 33). dipping IMMERSE', v. to dip (see page 33).

352.
1.

Mig'r-o,
v.

I remove.

Migra't-um,
IM'MIGRANT,
into
n.

to remove.

MI'GRATORY,

a. roving.

one

who comes

EMIGRATE,

to

remove

country to reside
n.

from a place (62-1). (132-1). IMMIGRATION, n. the com- MIGRA'TION,

ing
1.

departure to a
of residence

of

foreigners

into

distant place
'

country (92-5).
In 1713, a

migratory

(66-1). band of Tuscaroras arrived in

New

York,

and joined the Five Nations.

353.

Mi'l-es (mil'it-is),
a.

a soldier.
sol-

MIL'ITARY,

pertaining

to

MILI'TIA, n. the enrolled

diers (96-1).

soldiery (93-2).

354. Mil'le, a thousand. MILL'ION, n. ten hundred thousand (511).

355.

Mi'n-eo,
a.

I jut out.
;

PROM'INENT,

eminent

con-

EM'INENT,
(65-11).

a.

distinguished

spicuous (66-1).

152

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
(minis'tr-i), a
servant.
v.

356. Mfinis'ter

ADMINISTRATION, n. manage- ADMINISTER, ment of affairs (75-9). (109-3).

357.

give dispense
;

M3!n-or,

less.

M%riu-o,
to lessen.
3.

I lessen.

M$nu't-um,
a. little.

1.

DIMINUTION,
MINOR'ITY,

n. decrease.

DIMIN'UTIVE,

n.

the smaller

DIMINISH,
7).

v.

to lessen (216-

number.
1.

"Want and disease had caused such a diminution in the army, that Lincoln was compelled to surrender Charleston, in 1780. 2. The minority in Congress may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members. 3. In making the soundings for the Atlantic Cable, the plummet

brought up

diminutive

shells.

358.

Mi'r-US,
dering.
a.

strange, wonderful.

Mira't-US, wona miracle.

Mirac'ul-um,
;

1.

MIRAC'ULOUS,

exceeding AD'MIRABLY, adv. wonderfulperly (27-3).

the laws of nature

formed supernaturally.
1.

ADMiRA'TioN,w.wonder (37-3).

According to an ancient tradition, the veritable tabernacle, described is still in existence, having been preserved by miraculous power.
in the Pentateuch,

359. Mis'c-eo, I mix.

1.

Mix't-um,
3.

to mix.

Mis'cELLANY,n. a collection
of various things.

a. consisting of individuals united in a

PROMISCUOUS,

2.

MISCELLANEOUS,
1.

a.

mixed.

mass without order.

good Cyclopedia contains an interesting miscellany , embracing Mechanics, Geometry, Geology, etc. 2. The Patent-Office contains a miscellaneous collection of every
kind of apparatus.
3.

A promiscuous

sion to the President

multitude, composed of on New-Year's day.

all classes,

gain admis-

1.

360. Mi'ser, wretched. MI'SER, n. an extremely MISERABLE,

covetous person.
8).
v.

a.

unhappy

(75-

2.

COMMISERATE,
1.

to pity.
is

MIS'ERY,
in

n. suffering (225).

At the present day, a man

more danger of being a spendthrift

than a miser.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
2.

153
were

The intense

unmitigated during the war.

these sufferings,
nition,

Prison Ship," sufferings of the prisoners, in the If any Royalist dared to

"

commiserate

and to provide a palliative, he soon received an admowhich caused him to desist.

361.

Mitfig-o 9
a.

make

mild, I assuage.

UNMITIGATED,
362.
1.

unassuaged (360-2).
I send.
a.

Mitt-O,

Mis's-um,

to send.

INTERMITTENT,
at intervals.

ceasing MISSIONARY, n. one sent to

ADMIS'SION,
(359-3).

n.

propagate religion (31). admittance PERMISSION, n. leave granted

(82-1).

COM'MISSARY,

n.

the

officer

PROMISING-, part, engaging to

give (21-4).

who provides army (13-1).

COMMIT',
(31-3).
v.

food for the

to

PROMISSORY,
perpetrate

a.

containing a

promise (154). SUBMISSION, n.

to

yielding

COMPROMISE, by concession
COMMIT'TEE,
pointed
to

n.

adjustment

power

or superior author-

(75-1).

ity (14-4).

n.

persons ap- SURMISE', n. suspicion (195-1).

business (42-1).

(see page 33). SUBMIT' (see page 33). EM'ISSARY, n. one sent as a TRANSMIT' (see page 33). PERMIT' (see page 33). secret agent (86-2).

perform

some EMIT'

1.
it is

In some of the

oil wells,

the flow

is

uninterrupted, while in others

intermittent.

363.
1.

Mo'd-us,

a measure.

]}odes t-U8,

modest.

2. 3.

to supply a. observing ACCOM'MODATE, with conveniences (65-1). bounds. proper COMMODITY, n. that which afMOD'ESTY, n. humility. fords convenience goods, MOD'IFY, v. to change the

MOD'ERATE,

v.

4.

4.

character of a thing. wares, merchandise (214-6). COMMO'DIOUS, a. convenient. MOD'EL, n. a copy to be imitated (94-2). INCOMMODE', v. to inconvenience.
1.

MOD'EST,
to satiety;

a. diffident (345).
all things, if

Never eat

but he

moderate in

you would
yet,

preserve health.
2.

Washington had proved himself a competent General,

when

154

A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

modesty,
3.

appointed to the position of Commander-in-chief, he said, with great " I do not think myself equal to the command."
Council,"
4.

As Great Britain refused to repeal or modify the "Orders in war was declared in 1812. Nothing was found to incommode the settlers in Massachusetts
as the lack of

so

much
364.

commodious habitations.
I rear or build.

Mo'li-OT,

Moli't-US,

rearing

or building.
1.

1.

DEMOLITION,. destruction. DEMOL'ISH, v. to destroy (78). The demolition of Faneuil Hall, or an attempt to modernize it,
|

would

seern

a sacrilege.
soft.

365.
1.

Moll-is,

EMOL'LIENT,
1.

n. that

which MOL'LIFY,

v.

to

assuage

to

assuages. While the attendants of King substance, as an emollient, it took

soften (140-4).

fire,

were applying some unctuous and enveloped him in flames.

He

soon expired, in great torment.

366.

Mo'n-CO,
n.

put in mind

I warn.

Moriit-um,

to put in
1.

mind

to warn.

MON'ITOR,
in mind.

one

who

puts PREMON'ITORY, a. giving warning beforehand (170-1).

1.

MON'UMENT,?Z. memorial (345). SUM'MON, v. to call. n. ADMON'ISH, v. to remind of ADMONITION, warning

a fault (76-2).
1.

(360-2). In the Lancasterian method of education, a

monitor

is

employed

to

summon the classes to their exercises.

367.

Mans
n.

(morit-is),
a.

a mountain.

1.

PAR' AMOUNT,

AMOUNT',

the

superior. sum total

MOUNT' AiN,n.a high hill (15-1).

SURMOUNT',
v.

to rise

above
is

of several quantities (86-2). (139-2). 1. Moral science (or ethics) teaches, that the duty we owe to God

paramount to
368.

any duty imposed by man.

to show.

Moristr-o, I show. Monstra't-um, DEMONSTRATE, v. make evi- REMON'STRATE, v. to

dent (140-8).
late (179-2).
a.

expostu-

MON'STER, n. anything hor- MON'STROUS, rible from ugliness (216-6). 3).

horrible (434-

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
369.

155

Mor'b-us,

a disease.

MOR'BIDLY, adv. in a diseased manner (216-2).

370.
1.

Mor d-eo,
r

I bite.

Mor's-um,
REMORSE',

to bite.

MOR'SEL,
tion.

n.

a small por-

n.

sense

of

guilt

(216-3). 1. The missionaries in China could give but a morsel to each sufj ferer, yet it was some relief in the terrible famine of 1878.

371.

Mors

(mor't-is),
a.

death,

Moriburid-us,
a.

dying.
1.

MORIBUND,
MORT'GAGE,

2.

n.

dying. the state of

MOR'TAL,
i).

MORTALITY,

deadly (118-2). n. death (164-

being pledged.
3.

4.

MOR'TALLY, adv. fatally. IMMOR'TALIZE, v. to make immortal (186-2). MOR'TIFY, v. to humble. IMMOR'TAL, a. exempt from MORTIFICA'TION, n. (facio,)
1.

death (148-2). Edward III., when

Capitalists loan

in a

moribund

vexation (71-2). condition, had no

if

friend to

solace him.
2.
3.

money on

mortgage

the security

is

good.

To mortally wound a person, with malice prepense, is a capital crime, in most civilized countries. 4. Wayne determined to vindicate his honor, and to mortify the
British, for his defeat at Paoli.

372.

Mas

(mo'r-is), custom
v.

practice.
n. correctness of

DEMORALIZE,

to render cor-

MORAL'ITY,
life

rupt in morals (139-2). MOR'AL, a. pertaining to right

(156-3).
a.

IMMOR'AL,
(179-2).

not

virtuous

and wrong
373.

(8-2).

Mo've-o, I move. JHo't-um, to move. MoVHis, easily moved excitable. COMMO'TTON, n. tumult (191). MOB/ n. a riotous multitude
;

EMO'TION,

n.

disturbance

of

(77-1).

mind

(68-3).
n.

PROMO'TION,
(11).

n.

advancement

MO'TIVE,

inducement MOVE'MENT, n. motion

3).

(86-2).

(68-

PROMO'TIVE, a. tending to ad vance (168-1).

REMOTE',

a.

distant (74-1).

PROMOTE'

(see

page 33).

156
374.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
many.
(forma,)
a.

MuTt-US,

MUL'TIFORM,

one quantity as
quantity (348).

many

times

having many forms. MUL'TITUDE, n. a great number (359-3).

as there are units in another

MULTIFA'RIOUS,

a.

(fari,)

di-

MULTIPLY, v. (plico,) to take

1.

versified (214-7).

To those who

hibits

multiform
a.

scrutinize closely, Nature, in every department, exbeauties.

375.
1.

Murid-US,
hold every

the earth, the world.

a very precarious tenure.
to fortify.

MUN'DANE,
1.

earthly.

We

mundane treasure by
I fortify.

376.

Mu'ni-o,

Muni't-um,

AMMUNITIONS, materials used MUNI'TIONS, n. materials used in war (35-6). in war (75-5).
377.
1.

Mu'n-us (mu'ner-is),
n. (facio,)
5.

an

office,

a gift

duty.

MUNIFICENCE,
liberality.

2.

MUNICIPAL,

a. (capio),

per-

KEMU'NERATE, v. to repay. COM'MON, a. usual (23). COMMU'NICATE, v. to impart

(86-2).

taining to a city.
3.

COMMUNICATIVE, a. ready to
impart knowledge. IMMUNITIES, n. peculiar
privileges.

COMMUNITY,
5).

n. society (11-

4.

KEMUNERA'TION,
pense (62-1).

n.

recom-

1. The munificence of Mr. Peabody confers innumerable blessings on the poor of London, and keeps many from pauperism. 2. One of the most important duties devolving upon municipal

authorities,
3.

is

to provide

The

first

adventurers to the

an abundant supply of water. New World found the Indians friendly

be entitled to
all

and
4.

communicative.
The
citizens of each State shall

the privileges and

immunities

of citizens in the several States.

5. The United States made arrangements to the cession of Florida, in 1821.

remunerate

Spain for

378.
1.

Mu'r-us,
part,

a wall.
impris2.

IMMURED',
oned.
1.

MU'RAL,
wall.

a.

pertaining to a

"

Why was Casper

Hauser

i/mmured from infancy to manhood ? "

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
"Why
2.

157

tions on

was he not allowed to mingle with which many have speculated.

tablet

his

fellow-men?" are ques-

A tnural

the place in which George

rated.

on a building in Philadelphia, declares it to be Washington and John Adams were inaugu-

379. ]MLu's-a, a
1.

muse

a song.

Mu'sica.

music.

MU'SES, n. goddesses, in ancient mythology, who presided over the liberal arts.
1.

Mu'sic, n. melody (199-2).

MUSI'CIAN, n. one skilled in music (92-3).

to the

Castalia

was a fountain sacred

Nine M.IISCS, Calliope,

/

Cli'o, Er'ato, Euter'pe,

Melpom

ene,

Polyhymnia, Terpsich

ore, Thali'a.

Ura'nia.

380.
1.

Mu't-0,
a.

I change.

Muta't-um,

to change.

unchange- MUTABIL'ITY, n. quality of being subj ect to change(334-2) COMMITTED, part, changed TRANSMUTE', v. to change from one nature to another (473). '(10-2).

IMMU'TABLE,

able.

1. The Medes and Persians boasted that their laws were table, yet not a vestige of them remains at the present day.

immu-

381.
1.
1.

Mu'tu-us,
a.

mutual.

MU'TUAL,

reciprocal.

The connection of the

New and

the Old

World by the Telegraph,

has proved a

mutual advantage.
to tell, to relate.
n. story.

382.
1.

Nar>r-o9

NARRA'TION,
1.

fire,

to hear

In the old-fashioned hotel, the host assembled his guests around the some wonderful narration*

383.
1.

Nas'c-or,

am

born.

Nd't-US,

born.

NAT'URALIST, n. one versed in NATIV'ITY, natural history (161). INNATE', a. inborn (146-2). NAT'URAL, a. native (12- SUPERNATURAL, a. beyond
n. birth.
1).

nature (57-5).
n. essential qual-

NA'TURE,
ity (4).
1.

INTERNATIONAL

a.

pertaining

The place
"

of

Homer's nativity
cities

to nations (22-6). is a doubtful point

:

Seven

contend for

Through which the

Homer dead, living Homer begged

his bread."

14

158
384.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
the nose.
relating to the nose.
tell

Na's-us,
a.

NA'SAL,
1.

Europeans say they can

an American by his

nasal

tones.

385.
1.

Nau't-a,
a.

a sailor.

NAU'TICAL,
navigation.
1.

pertaining to NAU'SEA, n. sea-sickness (1803).

Before the invention of the mariner's compass, nautical skill was limited to navigable rivers, and the shores of the ocean.

NAVE,

386. Na'v-is, a ship. (See words under Ago.} n. the aisle of a church, from the choir to the principal
entrance (120-4).
387. ITec't-O, I
tie or

bind.

Ifex'-um,
CONNEC'TION,

to tie or bind.

1.

ANNEXATION,
1.

n. the act of

n. joining (381).

CONNECT' (see page 33). connecting. The annexation of Texas was a very unpopular measure with a
388.

large party in the North.

Nefa!ri-us,
a.

wicked.

NEFA'RIOUS,

extremely wicked (389-2).

389. Ne'g-o, I deny.

1.

Nega!t-um9

to deny.

2.

NEGA'TION, n. denial. NEGATIVE, a. implying denial REN'EGADE, n. an apostate. (124-2). BENI'AL, n. refusal (120-2). DENY', v. declare untrue (310).
1.

Two

press the
2.

negatives in the same sentence are improper, if intended to exsame negation. Richard III. employed any renegade to carry out his nefarious

plans.

390.

Neu'ter (nen'tr-um),
a.

neither.

NEU'TRAL,

not engaged on NEUTRALIZE,

either side (75-5).

v. to destroy peculiar properties (699-2).

391. Ni'hil, nothing. ANNIHILATION, n. the being reduced

to nothing (148-2).

392.
1.

No'ce-O,
a.

I hurt
free

harm.
2.

Nox'i-US,

hurtful.

IN'NOCENT,
guilt.

from

NUI'SANCE, n. that which incommodes.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
3.

159
hurtful

OBNOX'IOUS, a. offensive. Nox'ious, IN'NOCENCE,^. purity (30-3). 2).

1.

a.

(349-

cent
2.

In Germany, during the 16th century, more than 100,000 persons suffered death for witchcraft.

inno-

Scholars should be ashamed of conduct which

makes a school-house
opera-

nuisance.
3.

George III. found

it

impossible to

make obnoxious laws

tive in the

American Colonies.

393.
1.

Nor'm-a9
a.

a rule or pattern.
n. excessive great-

NOE/MAL,

according to ENOR'MITY,

2.

established principles. ABNOR'MAL, a. not natural.

1.

ness (42-1).

ENOK'MOUS,

a.

huge (180-7).
good Com-

A
A

good

Normal School
it is

is

essential to the existence of

mon
2.

Schools.

physician must study the body in a healthy or normal state, to

know when
394.

abnormal.
I

Nos'c-O,

know.

is9
1.

of high birth.

No't-um, to know. Nob'ilNo'mevi (nom'in-is), a name.

2.

3.

a. remarkable. NO'TIFY, v. to make known RECONNOI'TKING, part, sur(34). REC'OGNIZE, v. to remember as veying. NOM'INAL, a. in name only. previously known (313-2).

NOTORIOUS,

sect (75-12).

DENOMINATION, n. religious NO'TICE, v. to regard (143-3). NOMINATION, n. the act of

ENNO'BLE,
v.

to raise to the

naming
NO'BLE,
a.

(94-1).

nobility (143-3).

IG'NOMINY, n. dishonor (39). MISNO'MER,,

exalted (159-1). n. an incorrect

NOMINATE,

v.

to

name

for

name

(467-2).

appointment (94-1). 1. Captain Kidd, a notorious

sailors.
2.

NoBii/iTY,n.the peerage (260). pirate, was at one time the terror of

General Marion, a noted partisan of South Carolina, was invaluable

for

reconnoitring.
The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
;

3.

(aks-la-sha-pell

was but a tem-

porary suspension of hostilities the peace proved to be only nominal, especially where there was not a full complement of regular
troops.

160
395.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
n.

No'v-us, new.
introduc-

INNOVATION,

NOV'ELS,
(204-2).

n.

fictitious

tales

2.

tion of something new. REN'OVATE, v. to make new.

NOV'EL,

a.

unusual (457).

NOV'ICE, n. one business (167-4).

new

in a NOV'ELTY, n. a

new

or strange

thing (7-4).

1. Walter Scott, when insolvent, wrote a series of historical novels, which were a great innovation on the literature of that period. 2. One of the "Labors of Hercules" was to renovate and cleanse from all that was odious an i repugnant, the Augean stables.

396.
1.

Nox

(noc't-is), night.
a.

NOCTUR'NAL,

nightly.

2.

E'QUINOX, n. (sequus,) the time when the sun enters

the equinoctial point.
1.

EQUINOC'TIAL, a. (sequus,) pertaining to the equinoxes n.

;

the celestial equator (320).

and noc-

Nothing

is

so certain to eradicate the belief in spectres

turnal
2.

visitants as education.

At

the

equinox,
n.

the night

is

everywhere twelve hours long.

397.

Nu'b-o,

NUP'TIALS,
398.
1.

I marry. Nup't-um, to marry. marriage ceremonies (465-3).

'

Nu'd-us,
v.

naked.
bare.
|

DENUDE',
1.

make

When

the cold blasts from the north

NU'DITY, n. nakedness (22-3). denude the trees, we should

and
suffering.

have sympathy with those

who

are poor

399.
1.

Null-US, no one. NUL'LIFY, v. to render of no force.

2.

NUL'LITY, n. that which void in law.

is

" 1. The Non-Intercourse Act," was designed to nullify the Act, which imposed a duty on tea, glass, paper, painters' colors, etc. 2. The Charter of Massachusetts was declared a nullity, in 1684, by

Charles II.

400.
1.

Nu'mer-us,

a number.
to

2.

SUPERNUMERARIES, n. per- INNUMERABLE, a. too many sons beyond the usual numbe counted (377-1). ber. NUMERICAL, a. pertaining numbers (75-12). ENU'MERATE, v. to number
;

to

to compute.

NuM'BERS,n.multitudes (62-1).

LATIN DERIVATIVES
1.

161
it is

Where

large

numbers

of laborers are employed,

common

to

have

several

supernumeraries.

2. It is impossible to Centennial celebration.

enumerate
I announce.

the benefits resulting from the

401.

Nurid-O,

Nuncia't-um,

to an-

nounce.
1.

2.

RENOUNCE', v. to disown. ANNOUNCING, part, proclaimNUN'CIO, n. ambassador. ing (47-2). ENUNCIA'TION, n. utterance ANNOUNCE' (see page- 39). PRONOUNCED', v. uttered (140). (321-1).

1. Such was the odium attached to the name of Quaker, that Admiral Penn determined to renounce his son for professing their principles. 2. Wolsey and the Pope's nuncio were appointed to try the question

of the divorce of

Henry VIII.

402. Nu'tri-O, to nourish.

1.

NUTRI'TIOUS,
ing.

a.

nourish-

2.

NURSE',

n.

one

who

tends

or nourishes.
a.

1.

NOURISHING,
1.

nutritious;

NU'TRIMENT,

n. that

which

promoting growth. The most nutritious

etc.

nourishes (241-7).
or

nourishing

food comes from cereals,

wheat, rye,
2.

Every

nurse

should have a knowledge of the regimen suitable for

the sick.

403.

Nux (nu'c-is),

a nut.
is

NU'CLEUS, n. the central portion about which matter ered (147-3).

gath-

404. Obliv'io (oblivi'on-is), forgetfulness.

OBLIV'ION, n. the state of being forgotten. Stone pillars and monuments were instituted to prevent important acts from passing into oblivion.
1.
1.

405. Oc'ul-US, the eye.

1.

INOC'ULATE,

v.

to insert in-

2.

OC'ULAR,
the eye.

a.

perceived by

fectious matter.

1. In the spring of 1777, Washington determined to inoculate his army with the small-pox. 2. The sailors were on the point of mutiny, when they had ocular

demonstration that they were approaching land.

14*

162
406.
O'DIOUS,

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Itate..

OVW,
a.

causing

hatred

O'DIUM,

n.

dislike;

offensive-

offensive (395-2).

ness (401-1).

407. O'dor, a scent, perfume. O'DOR, n. scent any smell (220).

;

408. O'l-eo,
1.

I emit

odor

grow.

Ol'it-um,

to emit

odor, to grow.

OLFAC'TORY, a. (facio,) per- ABOLITION, n. utter destruction (7-2). taining to the sense of smellKED'OLENT, a. diffusing a ing.
OB'SOLETE,
use.
a.

2.

grown out

of

sweet scent (followed by of)

(220).
v.

3.

ADULT', n. one who has ABOL'ISH, reached mature age. (661).

1. 2.

utterly

destroy

The olfactory nerves are very sensitive in birds of prey. Shakespeare wrote three hundred years ago, and many of his words

are

now obsolete.
The bones
of

3.

an

adult

are

much more brittle than

those of a child.

409.

Om!n-is,

a. (scio,) having OMNIPOTENT, all power (75-14). infinite knowledge (205-5). ing OMNIPRESENT^, (sum,) every- OMNIV'OEOUS, a. (voro,) eating where present (205-5). everything (706).

a. (potens,)

every all. hav- OMNI' SCIENT,

;

410.
1.

O'n-US (orier-is),
a.

a burden.

ON'EROUS,
oppressive. 1. Pitt, with

burdensome

EXONERATE,

v.

to

exculpate

(669-3). all his onerous duties, found time to investigate the cause of the reverses in America, and to plan a successful campaign.

411.
1.

O'pus (o'per-is),
a.

work.

Opera't-us, working.
v.

INOP'ERATIVE,

not pro- COOP'ERATE,

(413).
ef-

to act together

2.

ducing OP'ERATE,
fects.

effects.
v.

to

produce

OPERA'TION,

n. action

the act

of operating (157).

1. The extraordinary powers granted to the President, by the Alien and Sedition Acts, rendered them inoperative.

2.

With

operate under

the ordinary covering, the telegraphic wire water.

is

not likely to

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
412.

163

Opi'n-or,

I think

imagine.

OPIN'ION, n. judgment (478-1).

413.
1.

Op't-o,

I wish.

Opta't-um,
|

to wish.

ADOPT' (see page 34). OP'TION, n. choice. 1. Unless James II. could have induced Louis XIV. of France to cooperate with him in a civil war, he had no option, but was compelled
to abdicate.

414. Or'b-tS, a circle a circular body. track of a rolling body.

;

Or'bit-Cl, the

1.

EXORBITANT,
1.

a.

extrava-

2. 3.

gant. For such a tract of land not an exorbitant price.

2.

OR'BIT, n. path of a planet. ORB, n. a sphere.

as the

Louisiana Territory, $15,000,000 was

Astronomy teaches
is

us, that the

OTbit of

the earth

is

oval,

and that

the earth
3.

nearer the sun in winter than in summer.

is

The Sun

an immense orb, whose volume

is

1,400,000 times as

great as that of the earth.

415.
1.

Or'd-o (or? din-is),

3.

order.

2.

ORDINANCE, n. law. INSUBORDINATION, n.

ity.
1.

dis-

INORDINATE, a. excessive. OR'DER,n.command (124-2).

OR'DINARY,
a.

obedience to lawful authorwas natural

to suppose, that

in the usual

It

manner (411-2). an ordinance imposing

a restric-

on business, would eventually lead to rebellion. 2. Braddock thought it showed insubordination, to express any doubt as to the expediency of his plans. 3. Ostentation and inordinate love of dress, have induced many
tion

persons to

steal.

416. O'ri-or, I rise

1.

I spring from.

Ori'g-o (orig'v.

in-is) 9
ORIGIN AL'ITY,
EXOR'DIUM,
troduction.
2.

beginning.
3.

n.

the qual-

ORIGINATE,
existence.

to bring into

ity of being original.

1.

n.

a formal in-

ORIEN'TAL,. eastern (64-1). ORIGINATED, v. brought

a. at first. into existence (167-5). an orator has eloquence and originality, whether his discourse has an exordium and & peroration or not, it is heard with interest.

ORIGINALLY,
If

1.

164
2.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
"

If the Indians of
it is

water,"

North America originally came across the an argument for the unity of the human race.

big the

3. A very trifling circumstance led Rowland Hill to system of penny postage.

originate

417.
1.

Or'n-o,
a.

I embellish.

Orna't-um,
(89).

to embellish.

OBNATE', mented.

highly orna- OB'NAMENT, n. embellishment

2.

SUBOBN', v. to cause to take ADOBNED', part, ornamented a false oath. (477-3).

1. Many of the cathedrals in England are exceedingly ornate ; the most elevated portions reveal the handiwork of the sculptor. 2. It was easy for Henry VIII. to suborn bad men to bring charges

against his wife.

418. O'r-O, I pray

1.

I ask.

Ora't-um, to
OBA'TION,
(64-3).
n.

pray

to ask.

OB'ATOBY,
plications.

n. eloquence.

a formal speech

2.

OB'ISONS, n. prayers or sup-

OB'ATOB,
(18-2).

n.

a public speaker

ADOBA'TION, n. worship (643).

INEX'OBABLE,
1.

a.

not to be
(39).

moved by entreaty

PEBOBA'TION,. the final summing up of a speech (416-1). ADOBE' (see page 34).
as models

The orations of Cicero are still extant, and are regarded to be studied by all who would excel in oratory. 2. Amid the snows of Valley Forge, Washington offered

his devout

orisons
419.
1.

for the sanction of a just

God upon

his undertaking.

OS

(os's-is), a bone.
is

OSSIFICA'TION, n. (facio,) turning to bone.

1.

Heart-disease

sometimes occasioned by the ossification of one

of the valves.

420.

(yti-um,
v.

ease.

NEGO'TIATE,

to establish

agreement (35-1).
421.

by NEGO'TIATING,JP. procuring by mutual agreement (464-3).

O'v-um,
a.

an egg.

O'VAL,
422.
1.

egg-shaped (414-2).
stipulated
|

Pac't-US,
a.

agreed.
2.

COMPACT',

firmly united.

COM'PACT,

n. bargain.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
1.

165

so

Jackson defended New Orleans by ramparts of cotton, which were as to be impenetrable to cannon-balls. 2. Many attempts have been made to disparage the character of Osceola for veracity ; but he always declared that the compact to remove was

compact

made without
423.
1.

his

knowledge.

Pa'g-us,
n.

a village.
a desire to expiate his
sin.

1.

PA'GANISM, Even in paganism man has

heathenism.

424.

Pal'li-um,
n.

a cloak.
;

a covering for the PAL'LIATE, v. extenuate PALL, with excuse (57-1). dead (68-3).

cover

425.
1.

Parid-o,
;

I lay open.

Paris-urn,
EXPAND',
(43-1).
n.
v.

to lay open.
;

EXPANSION,
expanding EXPAN'SIVE,
(490).
1.

n. the act of

enlarge

to

open

enlarging.
a.

expanding EXPANSE',
13).

wide extent (75to effect the

expansion
426.

Montgolfier, the first aeronaut, of the first balloon.

made many attempts

Pa!n-is,
v.

bread.
|

ACCOM'PANY,
427.
1.

go with (112). COM'PANY,

;

n. association (112).

(pa'r-is), equal like. PEER' AGE, n. the rank of a DISPARAGE, v. to vilify (422-2).
PEEK,
n.

Par

peer.

a nobleman (127).

DISPARITY, n. inequality (169). COMPARE' (see page 34).

five degrees:

1.

Earl, Marquis,

The peerage of England includes and Duke.

Baron, Viscount,

428.
1.

Pa'r-eo,

am present. Par'it-um, to be
APPEAR'ANCE,
n.

present.

APPARI'TION,

n. ghost.

a coming into

2.

TRANSPARENT, a. admitting
the passage of light.
1.

sight (35-3).

APPEAR'

(see

page 39).
house inhab-

An apparition

is

not often

visible in a well-lighted

ited

by educated people. 2. Our comfort is greatly increased by the use transparent, and yet impervious to the air.

of a substance

which

is

166
429.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I

Pa'r-io,

bring forth.

Par't-um, to bring forth.

PAR'RICIDE, ^.(csedo,) the ing of a parent (57-4).
kill-

PAR'ENT,?I. a father or mother

(145).

PARENT' AL,

a.

relating to par-

PAR'ENTAGE,

n. birth

extrac-

ents (145).

tion (544-3).
I

430. Pd'r-O,
1.

prepare.
restitu-

Para!t-um,9
for

to prepare,

REPARATION,
tion.

n.

particular

business

(359-2).

1.

2.

PREPARED', v. made ready. SEPARATION, n. disconnection APPAR'EL, n. clothing. (11-9). APPARA'TUS, n. implements SEV'ERAL, a. divers (82-1). 1. As France refused to make reparation for the depredation on
2.

our commerce, the United States

Some

of the

prepared for war. apparel and household utensils of

part.

Stephen Girard share.

are deposited in Girard College, Philadelphia.

431.
1.

Pars

(par't-is), a
division.
n.

Por't-io, a
n.

PARTITION, n. APART'MENT,
(206).

PAR'TISAN,

an adherent of

room

a party (394-2).

IMPAR'TIAL,
PAR'TICLE,
1.
is

a.

not favoring

PROPOR'TION, n. equal or just share (66-2).

POR'TION, n. part (27-1). PART', n. portion (27-1). IMPART', v. to bestow (98-1).
exert themselves, there

either side (57).

n.

little

por-

tion (21-5). To induce the men on board of a privateer to

usually a

partition

of the prize,

432.
1.

Pas'c-o,

I feed.

Pas't-um,
2.

to feed.

2.

PAS'TORAL, a. rural. PAST'URE, n. grazing.

1.

PAS'TOR,^. a minister having the care of a congregation.

David,

"

the sweet singer of Israel," Burns, and

many

others

whom

we love to extol, spent their youth in pastoral occupations. 2. As early as 1638, the narrow limits of the Plymouth Colony
to circumscribe the settlers to

seemed

such a degree, that

others determined to settle on the

Pastor Davenport and fertile pasture lands of Connecticut.

a.

433. Pcts's-US, a pace, a step. COM'PASS, n. an instrument UNSURPASSED',

unexcelled

having a magnetized needle (295). turning to the north (288-2). PASSED,

v.

crossed (528),

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
434.

167
one's na-

Pa't~er (patr-is),

a father.

Patfria,

tive country.
1.

2.

3.

PAT'RIMONY, n. inheritance. PA'TRJOT, n. a lover of his PA'TRONAGE, n. special supcountry (105-2). COMPATRIOT, n. one of the port. same country (50-1). PATRI'CIAN, n. one of the of Rome one who EXPATRIATE, v. to banish from nobility was not a plebeian. one's country (57-3).
;

1.

The patrimony

in

New
2.

of General Van Rensselaer comprised a territory York, forty-eight miles long and twenty-one broad. The patronage of Benjamin Franklin was extended to any poor
for

young man whose aspiration

aid.

something higher led him to apply

for

3. At one time, a patrician of Rome held the monstrous doctrine, that a plebeian had no rights that any one was bound to respect.

435.
1. 1.

Pa!ti-or9

1 suffer.

Pas's-us,

suffering.

DISPASSIONATE, a. calm. IMPA'TIENT, a. uneasy (240-1). COMPATIBLE, a. consistent PA'TIENT, n. an invalid (65with.
15).
n.

pity (47-1). PA'TiENCE,n.endurance(38-2). 1. A dispassionate and sedate temper is perfectly compatible with great energy and activity.

COMPAS'SION,

436.

Pax
v.

(pa'c-is), peace.
(facio,)

APPEASE',
PACIF'IC,

to pacify (303).

a.

PAC'IFY, v. to quiet (222-1). peace- PEACE, n. quiet a state of

;

making
437.

(66-5).

tranquillity (22-5).
poor.

Pau'per,

PAUPERISM, n. indigence (377- POV'ERTY, w. state of being poor

1).

(143-4).
a.

POOR,
438.
1.

needy (246-1).

POOR,

n.

the indigent (377-1).

Pec't-us (pec'tor-is),
of

the breast.

2.

PAR'APET, n. breast- work. EXPECTORA'TION, n. the act

1.

discharging

from

the

lungs.

of shot,
2.

In 1776, Sergeant Jasper jumped over the parapet9 amid a volley and replaced the flag on Fort Moultrie. Lobelia, or Indian tobacco, has often been used to produce expec-

toration.

168
439.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Pecil'ni-d, money.
PECU'NIARY,
a.

Pecu'li-um, money.
v.

PEC'ULATE,

to steal public

relating

to

property (180-7).

money

(180-7).
to call.

440.

Pell-o,
Pel!l-09

I call.

Pella't-um,
|

APPEALS', n. entreaties (214-1).

441.
1.

REPEAL',

v.

to rescind (181-2).

I drive.

Pul's-um,

to drive.
;

COMPUL'SOKY, a. forcible. REPUL'SIVE, a. forbidding reEXPUL'SION, n. driving out pelling (64-6). (75-11). REPUL'SIVENESS, n. the qualIMPUL'SIVE, a. acting from ity of being forbidding (9). REPEL' (see page. 34). impulse (118-2). COMPELLED', v. constrained EXPEL' (see page 34). forced (589). IMPEL' (see page 34).
;

1. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have compulsory " this is effected by means of a subpoena, process for obtaining witnesses a writ commanding one to appear in court, which cannot be disregarded.
;

"

442.
1.

Perid-eo,
n.

PEN'DULUM,

I hang. Peri sum, to hang. a vibrating PERPENDIC'ULAK, a. at right

2.
3.

body. angles to a given line (522-6). PKOPEN'SITY, n, inclination. PREPENSE', a. premeditated APPEN'DIX, n. something (371-3). added at the end. SUSPEND', v. to hang (146-3).

INDEPENDENCE, n. state of SUSPENSION, n. interruption not being subject to (14-4). (75-9). 1. The length of a yard-stick is determined by the pendulum of a
clock.
2.

Cattle

have such a propensity

it.

for salt, that

they will go a great

distance to obtain
3.

In some books,

difficult or

important points are placed in a com-

pendious form, in an

appendix.
I

443.

Perid-o,

weigh, I pay out.

weigh, to

Peris-um,

to

pay

out.

1.

PEN'SION, n. stated allow- COMPENSATE, v. to give an ance for past services. equivalent for (222). COMPEN'DIOUS, a. compre- REC'OMPENSE, n. reward, comhensive (442-3). pensation (86-2).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
1.

169
of those

in its defense,
to

Every Government ought to appreciate the services and grant a pension or annuity which live in tranquillity and comfort.

wounded
them

will enable

444.
1.

Pe'ne,

almost.
n.

PENIN'SULAS,

(insula,)
2.

but one
lable.

almost the last syl-

bodies of land nearly surrounded by water.

2.

ANTEPENULT',
NUL'TIMATE,
n.

ANTEPE-

PE'NULT, PENUL'TIMATE,
1.

n.

(ultimus,) the last syllable

It
is

(ultimus,) the last syllable but two.

point southward.

a fact that nearly

all

peninsulas

The ancient city of Alexandria has the accent on the penult, the modern on the antepenult, Alexandria.
2.

445.
1.

Perietr-o,

I pierce.

PENETRA'TION,??,. acuteness. PEN'ETKATE, v. to pierce

(169-6).
1.

IMPENETRABLE,
able
;

a.

not pierceof

incapable

being

Had Charles

I.

penetrated (422-1). possessed any penetration, it would have led him

to expedite the departure of such a troublesome malcontent as Cromwell.

446. Pceni't-eo, I repent.

.PE'NAL,
a.

Pce'na, punishment.
v. to feel

enacting punish- REPENT',

n. suffering in con-

sorrow for
(152-1). a prison

ment

(57-4).

what one has done

PENITEN'TIARY,
n.

PEN'ALTY,

(181-1). sequence of an act (82-1). PEN'ITENCE, repentance SUBPCE'NA, n. a command to appear in court (441). (293-3).

447.

Per'i-or,

I try.

Peri't-US,

trying.
n. trial for

EXPEDIENCE,
trial (176).

n. finding

out by EXPEB/IMENT,

the

EXPERT',

a.

practised, skilful

purpose of finding out (221). EXPERT'NESS, n. skilfulness

(576-5).

(138-3).

448.

Persev'er-o,

to persist

(a per and severus).

See
449.
1.

Severus.

Perso'n-a,

a person.
2.

to

PERSON'IFY, t;. to ascribe life inanimate objects.

15

PER'SONATED,?;. represented the character of.

170
PER'SON,
n.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
human
being PERSONALLY, adv. in person

(120-1). (12-1). 1. In most European languages, nouns are of the masculine or feminine gender but in the English, things without life are all neuter, and this
;

enables us to
2.

Alfred the Great

personify them. personated

(pe'd-is), a
n.

a harper, and thus obtained access

to the

Danish camp.

450.
1.

Pes

foot.

PEDES'TRIAN,
eller.

a foot trav- EXPEDITION,

n.

an important

enterprise at a distance (35-

QUAD'KUPED, n. (quadra,) a 2). four-footed animal (173-1). lMPED'iMENT,n.hindrance(96).

Ex'pEDiTE,t;.to hasten(445). ExpE'DiENT,w.contrivance(38) A peddler, especially if he is & pedestrian, has a fine opportunity to view a country.
1.

451. Pe't-o, I seek.

1.

Peti't-um,

to seek.

2.

Ap'pETiTE,n. desire for food. CENTRIP'ETAL, a. (centrum,) EEPETI'TION, n. the doing tending to the centre(228-3). or saying again. IM'PETUS, n. force imparted

3.

COMPETITION,
IMPET'UOUS,
a.

n. rivalry.

(77-2).

4.

headstrong.

REPEAT',

v.

to say or

do again

CoMp'ETENT,a.capable(3632).
1.

(456-2).

PET'ULANT.

See PETULANS.

The climate of Greenland gives the Esquimaux an appetite which enables him to eat train-oil and walrus flesh with voracity. 2. Constant repetition and close attention form the best "Art of
Memorizing." 3. The Navigation Acts destroyed all competition in business, by compelling the colonists to buy and sell in England. 4. The impetuous and vindictive character of General Lee brought

him

into

many

serious difficulties.

452.

Pet'ulans (petularit-is),
a.

saucy.

PET'ULANT,
453.
1.

peevish (64-6).
I pillage, I rob.

PVl-o,
n.

PIL'LAGE,

robbing; the PIL'FER,

v.

(facio,) to steal

by

act of plundering.. petty theft (482). 1. Many of the Arabs no labor, but live entirely by pillage. perform

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
454.
1.

171

Pirig-o,

I paint.

Pic't-um,
PICTS, n.

to paint.

PICTURESQUE',

a.

forming a

a tribe of Germans

2.

pleasing picture. PAINT'ING, part, portraying

in colors.
1.

who settled in Scotland (1256).

DEPICT',

v.

picture (271).
that the State

The scenery of
"

New Hampshire

is

so

picturesque

is

called the
2.

Switzerland of America."

Michael Angelo (mi'-ka-el an'-ge-lo) was only twenty months in

the Sistine (sis-teen) Chapel.

painting
455.

Pi'-O9 1 appease by sacrifice. Pia't-um, to appease

v.

1.

by sacrifice. power EX'PIATE, Ex'piATOKY,a.having

to atone.
1.

to

atone

for

(423).

The

desire to offer

expiatory

sacrifices

seems deeply implanted

in the

human

heart.

456. Pi' -US, pious

1.

religious.
1

IM'PIOUSLY, adv. profanely. 2. Pi' ETY, n. religion. 1. The Komans, knowing the antipathy of the Israelites to swine, impiously sacrificed them on the altar consecrated to the worship of God. 2. The piety of the prophet Daniel led him to 'repeat his prayer three

times a day, though forbidden by Darius (da-ri'-us).

457.
1.

Pla!c-eo,

I please.
n.

Plafcit-um,
PLEAS'UKE,

to please.
;

COMPLA'CENCE,
tion.

satisfac-

n. satisfaction

en-

PLA'CID,
1.

a. tranquil (64-5). William Penn could not but feel

.

joyment (165-1). IMPLACABLE. See PLACO.

complacence

at the success of

his novel peace policy

458. Pla'c-o, I appease. IMPLA'CABLE, a. not to be appeased (152-2).

459.

Plarig-o,

I complain.

Planc't-um, to complain.
(250-7).

COMPLAIN' ANTS,

n. those

who complain
;

460. Plarit-a, a plant

I plant.
1.

the sole of the foot.

f

Plarit-O,
;

Planta t-nm

to plant.

SUPPLANT',

v.

to displace;

to undermine.

PLANT, n. a vegetable a young tree or bush (22-4).

172

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
;

PLANTATION, n. a farm (189). IMPLANT'ED, v. infixed TRANSPLANTING, n. removing (455). and planting in another place TRANSPLANT' (see page
(56-7).
1.

set in

34).

IMPLANT' (see page 34).

sent a letter to Washington, explanatory of his conduct in

Conway

reference to the attempt to

supplant
;

Washington.
;

461.
1.

Pld'n-US,
n.

PLANE,

plain a level surface;

smooth

evident.
a.

EXPLANATORY,

containing

an imaginary surface. PLAIN, n. a level surface level land (170-2).

1.

explanation (460). EXPLAIN', v. make intelligible

(56-7).
flat surfaces

Cut an orange into two equal parts, and each of the thus formed will be the plane of a great circle.

462.

Plau'd-O,
a.

I clap; I

applaud,

Plau's-um,
a. liable to

to

applaud.
1.

PLAUS'IBLE,

right in ap-

EXPLO'SIVE,

cause

pearance. ExpLo'siON,7i.violent burst-

explosion (78-1).

ing (127).
1.

EXPLODE', v. to burst with a loud report (270).

Duche", who opened the first Continental Congress with a solemn invocation, soon after addressed a letter to Washington, using the most plausible arguments to induce him to desert the American cause, and

avow

his loyalty to

George III.

463.

Plebs (ple'b-is),
n.

the

common

people.

PLEBE'IAN,

one of the
fill.

common

people (434-3).
fill.

464. Ple'-o, I
1.

Ple't-um, to

Ple'n-us, full.
v.

EX'PLETIVE,

n.

something ACCOMPLISHED,
(66-6).

performed

added
2.

to

fill

up.
n. tools.
v.

IMPLEMENTS,
COM'PLIMENT,

COMPLEMENT,
(394-3).
(pos;

n. full

number
;

3.
3.

to praise.
full.

PLENIPOTENTIARY, a. se,) having full power

REPLETE',

a. filled

again

com-

pletely filled (97-1).

4.
5.
5.

SUPPLYING, part, PLEN'TIFUL, a. abundant. COMPLETE', a. perfect. (18-1). SUPPLEMENT, n. an addition PLE'NARY, a. full
to supply defects.

providing
sufficient

(250-7).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
1.

173
to introduce a sen-

tence,
2.

The adverb "there" is frequently used simply and is then considered a mere expletive.
There has been great improvement in
all

kinds of agricultural

im-

plements.
3.

In 1795, the President was able to

compliment

Mr. Jay, our

Minister

Plenipotentiary

to

England,

for his success in negotiating

the treaty. 4. Artesian wells, which provide a plentiful supply of water, have been sunk in the deserts of Africa.
5.

So

many

Arts and Sciences

inventions are patented every year, that no Dictionary of is complete without a supplement.

465. Pli'c-o, I fold. I twine or weave.

1.

I>lica!t-um,

to fold.

Plec't-o,
color of the

Plex'-um 9

to twine or weave.
n.

COMPLICATE,
complex.

v.

to

render COMPLEX'ION,
v.

skin (213-3).
n.

1.

ACCOMPLICE,
EXPLICIT,
fold.

a person DISPLAYED',
3).

exhibited (37to

joined in a plot.
2.
3.

a. clear. a.

IMPLICATE,
(127).

v.

involve

DUPLICATE,

(duo,) twon.

PLI'ABLE,
the act of
i).

a. easily

bent (178-

APPLICATION,

applying (124-2). APPLY', v. to fix

(195-6).
1.

SIMPLICITY, n.artlessness(180closely
2).

SIM'PLY, adv. merely (464-1).

tried for treason, everything seemed to the matter, but especially the difficulty of proving that

When Aaron Burr was

complicate

he had an accomplice. 2. The laws of most of the States give explicit directions, in case a

man
3.

dies intestate.

When Napoleon heard of the nuptials of Prince Jerome arid Miss Patterson, of Baltimore, he sent to his brother a duplicate copy of the decree, prohibiting his sister-in-law from entering France.
466. Plo'r-O, I cry
1.
;

I bewail.

Flora 't-um,

to cry

to bewail.

DEPLORE', v. regret (66-6). IMPLORE', v. to entreat. DEPLo'RABLE,a. lamentable EXPLORE', v. to examine search through (562). (76-2).
1.

to

When

sent a letter to
assailant.

the Northern foe invaded England, the wretched inhabitants implore the Romans to aid them in expelling their

15*

174
467.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
lead.
n.

Plum'b-um,
n.

PLUMBA'GO,

mineral PLUM'MET,
at the

a leaden weight
of a line used to

consisting of carbon and, it may be, a little iron black;

end

sound the depth of water

(357-3).
etc.,

lead.
1.

The term black-lead,

is

for the

plumbago of which pencils,

are

made,

an unfortunate misnomer.

468.
1.

Plus

(plu'r-is), more.
n.
;

the greater PLU'RAL, a. consisting of more than one designating two or more (162). 2. SUE,' PLUS, n. what is over. 1. In the Presidential election of 1800, neither Jefferson nor Burr had

PLURALITY,

number.

plurality
2.

of votes.

In 1837, the surplus of revenue was distributed among the States.

1.

469. Po'li-o, I polish. Poli't-um, to polish. POL'ISHED, a. smooth and 2. POLITE'NESS, n. elegance of manners. glossy.

1. Before glass was manufactured, polished plates of metal were used for mirrors. 2. Benjamin Franklin, at the French Court, was noted for his politeness and suavity of manners.

PO'LAR,
471.
1.

470. Po'l-llS, the pole. a. relating to the pole (141-2).

Po'm-um,
a.

an apple

fruit.

(logos, Gr.,) relating to fruit.

1.

POMOLOG'ICAL,

POME'GRANATE,

n.

(granum,)
fruit-trees

Pomological

societies

a fruit (213-4). have done much to improve the

a weight.
a.

of the country.

472.
1.

Pon'd-us (porider-is),
a.

PONDERABLE,
being weighed.
1.

capable of

PON'DEROUS,
PON'DER,
v.
if all

heavy (103-1).

What

sort of bodies are

ponderable,

consider (65-7). bodies have weight?

473.
1.

Po'n-O, I put or place. POSTPONE', v to put off; to defer to a future time.

.

Pos'it-um, to put or place.

2.

DECOMPOSE',

v.

to

resolve

into the constituent parts.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
COMPOS'URE,
(92-1).
n.

175
terms proposed

tranquillity

PKOPOS'ALS,
(75-2).

n.

DEPOSITION,

n.

removal from POSITIVELY, adv. peremptorily

office (133-1). (75-5). PROPOSITION, n. proposal (195DEPOS'IT, v. to store (78). EXPOSITION, n. a public ex1)-

hibit (22-6).

IM'POST,

n.

tax

on imports

(190-1).

INTERPOSE',

v.

interfere (72).

a. denoting quality without comparison (8-1). POST'URE, n. attitude (126-3). DEPOSE' (see page 35).

POS'ITIVE,

OPPO'NENT,
(21-5).
1.

n.

an antagonist OPPOSE', v. (see page 35). TRANSPOSE', v. (see page 35).

to visit
to deprive

Penn intended

having determined

Pennsylvania in 1692; but William III. him of his charter, he was compelled to

postpone
2.

his visit until 1699.

alchemists, while searching for a liquid that would transmute everything into gold, learned to decompose many substances.

The ancient

474.
1.

Fans

(porit-is), a bridge.
(facio,) the
2.

PONTIFICATE, ?i.

PONTOON',

n.

a float used in

forming a bridge. reign of a Pope. 1. The pontificate of Pius IX. began in 1846 and ended in 1878. 2. Both Darius (da-ri'-us) and Xerx'es crossed the Hellespont on

pontoon bridges.
475.

Pop'ul-US9
n.

the

Publica't-10,
1.

Pllb'lic-llS, people. a publishing.

n.

public.

POPULA'TION,

the whole POP'ULACE,

of people.

the

common

number
1.

of people.
a. full

POP'ULOUS,
toriety.

2.

PUBLICITY,
PUB'LISH,
public.
v.

n.

general no-

people (50-2). POP'ULAK, a. suitable to people in general (54-2).

PUB'LIC,
a.

open to the knowl;

2.

send out to the

edge of all (171-3).

PUBLICATION,

PEO'PLE, n. a nation (113).

1.

n. publishing the act of offering a book to the public by sale (43-4).

To facilitate the administration

district, if

judge for the

the

population

of justice, the judiciary provides a is dense ; but in l

lous

portions of the country, one for each circuit.

176
2.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
shall

provides, that

To secure publicity " Each House

to the Acts of Congress, the Constitution keep a journal of its proceedings, and,

from time to time,

publish

the same."

476.
1.

Por'c-us,

a hog.

POR'CUPINE, n. (spina, a thorn,) a rodent quadruped with quills on its body.

1.

The porcupine

is

a native of Africa and Asia, and also of Italy.

477.
1.

Por't-O,
a.

I carry.

Porta't-um,
car-

to carry.
a.

PORT' ABLE,
ried.

easily
a.

IMPORT'ANT.
(146-3).

momentous

2.

INOPPORTUNE',
able.

unseason- IMPORT',

2.
2.

PORT'LY,
valise.

a.

corpulent.
n.

v. to bring into a country (75-6). POR'TICO, n. an ornamental

PORTMAN'TEAU,

(manus,)

entrance (44-2). IMPORTU'NITY, n. urgent solicitation (206-2).

2.

PORTFO'LIO, n. (folium,) a case for carrying loose sheets.

OPPORTUNITY,
(195-1).

n.

fit

time

3.

PORT'ALS,

n. entrances.

4.
5.

PORCH,

n.

a portico.
n. design.

REPORT',

v.

narrate (5-1).
;

PUR'PORT,

EXPORT',
1.

v.

to send out of

REPORT', n. rumor an account received (114-1).

the country (75-6).

Soldiers
utensils as are
2.

TRANSPORT'

(see

page 35).

are generally compelled to cook their victuals in such

portable.

Doubtless, Gen. Prescott felt the intrusion of Col. Barton on his

privacy to be very inopportune ; while Barton felt no compunction of conscience in carrying off the portly old General, without giving him time to pack his portmanteau, or secure the portfolio containing his military plans. 3. One of the portals of the Temple at Jerusalem was beautifully adorned.
4. The Stoics derive their name from the stoa, or porch, in which Zeno taught. 5. The purport of every address made by Napoleon to his army

was the

glorification of France.

478. Pos'se, to be able.

Po'tens (poterit-is),
1

able,

powerful.
1.

PO'TENT,

a.

powerful.
a.

PO'TENTATE,
(75-14).

n.

monarch

1.

PU'ISSANT,

powerful.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
POWER,
n.

Ill
that can be done

might

influence

POS'SIBLE,

a.

(35-8). ability to act (98-1). 1. Many circumstances seem to corroborate the opinion, that the Emperor of Russia will be one of the most potent (or puissant) monarchs of Europe.

479.
1.

Pos'ter-us,
a.

after.

PREPOS'TEROUS,
utterly foolish.

absurd

POSTERITY,

n.

succeeding gen-

erations (345-2). " 1. How preposterous," said some one to Columbus, " to suppose " that we are on the surface of a ball that is turning round ?

480. Pos'tul-o, I demand.

Postula't-um,

to de^

mand.

EXPOSTULATED,
suade (266).
481.

v.

reasoned earnestly with a view to dis-

Po'tens (poterit-is).

See

Posse.

482.
1,

Pra'v-US,
n.

crooked, wicked.

DEPRAV'ITY,
1.

wickedness.
to prevaricate, proves

The tendency that children have to pilfer and

of the

the

depravity

human
for

heart.

483.
1.

Pre'd-um
v.

Pre'ti-um,

a price

esteem.
lessened in

2.

value (43-2). APPRECIATE, v. to value; DEPRE'CIATE, v. to lessen in to estimate justly (443). value (522-7). PRICE, n. cost (414-1). PRE'CIOUS, a. valuable (24-1).
v. extol.
1.

PRIZE, PRAISE,

to esteem highly.

DEPRECIATED,

a.

cannot prize too highly the blessings of a just government. " " Te De'um is so called from the words with which the psalm " " God." commences, We praise thee," or We laud thee,
2.

We

The

484.

Pre'c-OT,
v.

I entreat.

Preca!t-US,
PRAYER,
2).

entreating.

DEP'RECATE,
(35-8).

regret deeply
be-

n. supplication (456-

PRAYED,

v.

entreated;

PRECA'RIOUS,

a.

uncertain un;

eought (125-6).

settled (375).

178
485.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
;

Prce'd-a, prey

plunder.

PREY, n. plunder. DEP'REDATOR, n. a robber

1.

PKED'ATOKY,
;

a. plundering robbing (125-6).

a plunderer (213-3). The dilation and contraction prey both night and day.

of the eye enables a cat to seek her

486.

Preherid-o,

I seize
;

Preheris-um,
INCOMPREHENSIBLE,

to seize.
a.

APPREHEND', p. to arrest
take bold of (509-3).

to

not to

be understood (205-5).
;

APPREHEND'ED, p. arrested
seized (169-6).

IMPRISONMENT,
tion (113).

n.

incarcera-

COMPREHEND',

v.

take into tbe IMPREG'NABLE,

a.

not to be

taken (76-3). mind (158-2). COMPREHENSION, n. perception PRIZE, n. sometbing captured

(11-8).

(431).
n.

ENTERPRISE,
(123-2).

undertaking PRISONERS,

n. captives (85-1). SURPRISE', n. wonder (11-7).

487.
1.

Pre'm-o,

I press.

Pres's-um,
(156-4).

to press.
n.

COMPRES'SIBLE,
to pressure.

a.

yielding OPPRESSION,

unjust severity

1.

PRES'SURE,

n. force

exerted PRINT,

against an obstacle.
2.

v. publish (186-2). EXPRES'SION, n. tbe act of rep-

lMPREsSiON,?i.amarkmade resenting (112-1). COMPRESS', v. (see page 35). by pressure. 1. Cotton is so compressible that, under a high pressure, its bulk

can be greatly reduced. 2. Robinson Crusoe was startled when he saw the man's foot on the sand.

impression

of a

488.
1.

Pri'm-us,

first.

Pri'or,

former.

PRINCE, n. (capio,) son of a PRIOR'ITY, n. precedence. PRIM'ROSE, n. (rosa,) an king (465-3). early flowering plant (220). PRI'OR, a. antecedent (205-3). PRIME' VAL,a.(9Bvum,)prim- PRIN'CIPAL,
itive
1.

original (173). The Chinese claim priority

;

a. (capio,) cbief in importance (7-1). bigbest in civilization over all other nations.
;

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
489.
1.

179

Pri'v-US,

one's

own not
;

public.

PRI'VATE, a. secret (293-3). PRIV'ILY, adv. secretly. DEPRIVE', v. to take from PRIVATEER', n. a private ship
(473-1).
1.

of

war

(431).

Many

Puritans in England, perceiving that the virulence of their

enemies increased, endeavored to leave privily*

490. Pro'b-O,
1. 2.

approve,

try.

Proba't-um,
v.

to

prove, to try.

PROB'ABLE, a. likely. PROOF, n. confirmation.

PROBE,

to

thrusting in
(177-3).

examine by an instrument

PROBATION,,

trial (293-3).

PROB'ITY, n. integrity (696).

PROVE,

v.

to test; to ascertain

APPROBATION,
tion (76-2).

n.

satisfac-

as truth (268-2). PROB'ABLY, adv. in a probable

APPROVE', v. be pleased with

(216-1).

manner

(74-1).

EEPROVE',V. to rebuke (75-13).

1. Is improbable, that Africa and South America were once united, and that the disruption was effected by some sudden convulsion of nature ? 2. The lifting of the kettle-lid by the steam is proof of the expan-

sive force of heat.

491.
1.

Promp't-US,
n.

prompt, ready.
PROMPT'LY,aGfo.readily; quick-

PROMPTITUDE,
alacrity.
1.

cheerful

ly (92-4). The Geneva Award of $15,500,000 was paid by Great Britain with commendable promptitude.

492.
1.

Pro'p-e, near. Prox'im-US, nearest, next. APPROXIMATED. come near. PROXIM'ITY, n. immediate
n.

APPROACH',

advance

nearness

the state of being

next (60-2). (598-1). 1. We cannot obtain the square root of .1, but we can exactly

ap-

proximate
493.

to it

by means

of a decimal.

Pro pri-US9
r

one's

own
;

fit

peculiar.

APPROPRIATE,
proper (44-2).

a.

suitable

longs to a person or thing

(106).
7i.

PROPERTY,

n.

that which be- PROPRIETY,

justness (11-5).

180
PROP'EK,
priate
;

A
a.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
;

suitable

appro-

right (66-6).
n.

received a grant of land in letters-patent from the king

(248-2).

PKOPKI'ETOR,

a person

who

494.
495.
1.

Pros'per (a pro and spero).

See

Spero.

Pu'er,
a.
I.

a boy.
childish
;

PU'ERILE,
1.

boyish.

James

spent

much

of his time in diversions of the most

puerile

character.

496.
1.

Pug'n-a,
a.

a battle.

Pll'gil, a boxer.

PUGNA'CIOUS,
fight.

disposed to

REPUGNANCE, n.
3).
a.

aversion (62-

2.

PU'GILIST, n. one with the fists.

who fights REPUG'NANT,

adverse (395-

1. A pugnacious, quarrelsome disposition, will be very likely to bring a person into trouble. 2. A person must undergo a severe training, before he can be an ex-

pert pugilist.

497.
1.

Pul'mo (pulmo'n-is),
a.

the lungs.

PUL'MONARY,
1.

relating to the lungs.

In speaking of pleurisy, or any other

"

pulmonary affection, it is
To speak
of

incorrect to

add the words "of the lungs."

a similar error.

"lumbago

in

the back

is

498.
1.

fulv-is (pul'ver-is),
v.

dust.
n. the re-

PUL'VEEIZE,
to fine

to

reduce

2.

PULVEKIZA'TION,

powder by beating,
3.

grinding, etc.
1.

ducing to powder. POW'DER, n. dust.

necessary to

Many

spices are so pungent, that

it is

pulverize them
effected

before using.
2.

The pulverization of many substances can be

by

grinding or beating. 3. Charcoal must be reduced to an impalpable powder before for a dentifrice.

it is fit

499.
1.

Purig-o, I sting. Punc't-um9

v.

to sting, to point.
n.

PUNCT'URE,

pierce with

2.

PUNCTUALITY,

exactness

a pointed instrument.

in regard to time.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
3.

181

PUN'GENT, a. biting (498-1). To perform vaccination, puncture the skin and insert a particle of pure vaccine matter. 2. The want vi punctuality in business transactions has ruined
1.

PUNCT'UATE, with points.

v.

to

mark COMPUNC'TION, n. sting (477-2).

many
3.

enterprising men.

To

punctuate an

article correctly

is

oftentimes a very difficult

task.

500.
1.

Pu'ni-O,

I punish.

Puni't-um,
n.

to punish.

from PU'NITIVE, a. inflicting pun- IMPU'NITY, ishment. punishment (31-3). 1. Every law has a punitive clause, definitely stating the punishment for its violation imprisonment or fine is the punishment for refreedom
;

fusing to obey a subpoena.

501.

Pur'g-o,

make

clean.
clean.

Purga!t-um,
to be suppressed or

to

make

1,

EX'PUEGATED, part, purged.

1.

The law allows objectionable books

expur-

gated.
502.

Pu'r-us,
a.

pure.
n.

PUEE,

free

from impurity PU'EITAN,

small.

one of a religious

(499-1).

sect (216-1).
;

503. Pusil'l-U8, weak

1.

PUSILLANIMITY,
1.

n.

(animus,) littleness of mind.

Even

the friends of the

Duke

of

Monmouth
defeat.

despised the

pusil-

lanimity which

he exhibited -after his

;

504. Pu't-0, I think think

1.

I cut or prune.

Puta't-um, to
a.

to cut or prune.

IMPUTE',

v.

ascribe.
n.

DISPUT'ED,
persons
2).
-

undecided (108-

2.

DEPUTATION,
commissioned.

3.

AMPUTA'TION,
off.

n.

DEP'UTY GOV'EENOE,,^. one who acts in place of the Governor cutting

(248-2).

ACCOUNTS',
(42-1).
1.

n.

reckonings REPUTA'TION,. character (1142).

atrocities to Brant,

Historians

impute many

but

it

does not ap-

pear that he was responsible for the 16

Wyoming

massacre.

182
2.

A
In 1781, the

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
soldiers at Morristown,
;

want

of their regular pay, mutinied

they were met by a deputation mediate wants. 3. Santa Anna was so severely wounded in the leg that

having suffered greatly from but on their way to Philadelphia from Congress, who relieved their im-

amputation

was

necessary.

505. Qua'l-is, such as

1.

of

what kind.
QUAL'IFY,
pable.
v.

QUALIFICATIONS,

n. (facio,)
fit

3.

to render ca-

those things which son for a place.

2.

a per4.
;

QUAL'ITY,

n.

character

de-

DISQUALIFY, v. render unfit. DISQUALIFIED, p. rendered

unfit (180-4).

gree of excellence.
1.

"When the Constitution was framed, there were many diverse opin-

ions as to the
2.

qualifications necessary

for the Presidency.

The Tyrians manufactured a purple

cloth, of

very superior

qual-

ity* designed for the vesture of kings. 3. Lincoln spent months in the study of Geometry, in order to qualify himself to demonstrate any proposition in law. 4. Several things disqualify a person. for the Presidency of the United States such as holding another office, etc.
;

506.
1.

Quar't-us,

the fourth.

Quad'r-a,

a square.
a.

SQUAD'RON, n. a detachment QUADBILAT'ERAL,

of ships of war.

(latus,)

having four sides (313-4). QUARANTINE, n. restraint QUAD' HUMANE, n. (manus,) an of intercourse to which a animal having four feet that is subjected on suspiship correspond to the hands of
cion of infection (180-5).

man

(52-2).
a.

QUAR'TAN,
1.

a.

returning SQUARE,

applied to area or

every fourth day (512-4).

surface (313-3). In 1778, France sent a squadron to aid the American cause and
;

the British evacuated Philadelphia.

507. Quctft-io
1.

(in

Quas's-um (m
tation.
1.

compounds, CUtio), I shake. compounds, CUSSUWI), to shake.

v.

CONCUS'SION, n. violent agi- Discuss/

The mere concussion

to argue (254).
n.

DISCUSSION,

debate (21-2).

of the air, produced often proved very detrimental to health.

by cannonading, has

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
508.
1.

183

Quefr-or,
v.

I complain.

QUAE/KEL,
angrily.

to

contend
a.

2.

QUER'ULOUS,
complaining.

a.

habitually
n.

1.

QUAR'RELSOME,
provoked
1.

easily

QUAK'RELLING,
contention (75-8).

angry

to contest.

2.

is easy to quarrel, if you are of a quarrelsome disposition. Philip's neglect, joined to his taciturn disposition, rendered Queen

It

Mary

still

more

querulous and

irritable.

509. Quce'r-O (in compounds, Qucesi't-um, (in compounds,

to ask.
1.

quiro),

I seek

I ask.
;

quisitum),

to seek

2.

3. 4.

QUEST, n. search. PERQUISITE, n. fee. REQUISITION, n. demand. REQUEST', n. demand.

ACQUIRE',
i).
v.

EX'QUISITE, a. excessively nice

(193-2).

INQUISITIVE,
3).

a.

prying (146-

to obtain (140n.

QUE'KY,

n.

question (186-2).
n.
a.

QUESTION,
the act of

query (169-6).
necessary (231-

ACQUISITION,

REQ'UISITE,
i).

obtaining (195-6). CON'QUEST, n. subjugation

(75-8).
1.

CON'QUEROR, n. one who subdues (180-6).

of a fountain
visage.
2.

The sanguine temperament of Ponce de Leon, led him to go in quest whose waters would restore youth and beauty to his wrinkled
In some
offices,

no perquisite

is

allowed, the remuneration being

is made for a person charged with crime, it the duty of the Governor to resort to no evasion to withhold him, but to apprehend him at once. 4. As soon as the pusillanimous king was opposed with firmness and
is

a fixed salary. 3. When a requisition

courage, he acceded to every Charta.

request 9 even

to the signing of

Magna-

510.
1.

Qui'es (quie't-is),
v.

rest.
4.
5.

ACQUIESCE',
pose.

to comply.

QUI'ET, n. rest

repose.
;

2.

QUIES'CENCE,

n. state of re-

QUI'ETUDE, n. tranquillity freedom from agitation.

COY,
5).

3.

RE'QUIEM,
the dead.

n.

hymn

for

a.

reserved

shy (120-

184
1.

A
When

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
"

sylvania,
2.

" the Three Lower Counties resolved to separate from PennPenn determined to acquiesce in their decision.

Although Charles V. resigned

expected.

his regal power,

he did not find that

quiescence which he

3. The requiem for departed royalty has rarely come from sadder hearts than that sung for Mer'cedes, the young Queen of Spain. 4. Late researches make it certain that Charles V., in the quiet of

the monastery,
5.

was busy with State affairs. In a Shaker village we are impressed with the

quietude that

pre-

vails.

511.
1.

Quirique,
n.

five.

Quirita,
2.

fifth.

QUINTILL'ION, twice multiplied by a million.

a million

QUINTESSENCE,
pure
sence.

n.

(esse,)
es-

or

concentrated

1. It requires seven figures to express a million, and nineteen to express one quintillion. 2. He who practises the Golden Rule will exhibit the quintessence

of politeness.

512.
1.

Quot, how many

n. just share. n.

as

many

as.

QUO'TA,

2.

QUO'RUM,

a number suf-

ficient to transact business.

3.

quot part of a number is one that will divide it without a remainder.

1.

AL'IQUOT, a. (alius,) an ali- 4. QUOTID'IAN, a. (dies,) daily. When war breaks out, every State is required to furnish its quota
House

of troops. " 2. In the Congress of the United States, a majority of each shall constitute a to do business."

quorum

3. Each American coin, except the three-cent piece, is an aliquot part of the dollar and the eagle. 4. An ague which returns every day is called quotidian; every

third day, or every other day, tertian

every fourth day, quartan.

513.
1.

Ra'bi-es, madness.
a.

KAB'ID,

mad.

RA'VINGS,

n.

wild,

delirious

2.

HAVE, v. to talk wildly. 1. So many dogs become rabid,

2.

talk (256-1).
that in large cities
it is

safer to

muzzle them.
It
is

painful to visit an insane asylum, and hear the unfortunate

inmates

rave

on so many strange

subjects.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
514:.
1.

185

H,a'di-US,
n.

a rod, a spoke.

RA'DIUS, diameter.

one-half of a

RA'DIANCE, n. effulgence;
iancy (64-4).
n.

brill-

IRRA'DIATE, v. to illuminate RAYS,

(322-3).
1.

lines of light (322-

3).
of the earth
is

The

radius

little

less

than four thousand

miles.

515.
1.

Ra'dix (radi!c-is) 9
a.

a root.

fundamental. RADICALLY, adv. fundamentRAD'ICAL, ERADICATE, v. to root out ally originally j primi;

(396-1). 1. There are

tively (8-2).

radical

differences in the

meanings of words, perceived

by those only who know the

derivation.

516. Ita'd-O, I shave

1.
2.

I scrape. to scrape.
;

Ha's-um, to
n.

shave

RAZED, v. demolished. ERA'SURE, n. obliteration

a scratching out.
1.

3.
;

ABRA'SION,

the act of

rubbing
4.

off.

ERASE',

v. efface.
first

After the taking of Jerusalem, the city was rapine, and then razed to its foundations.
2.

given over to

The erasure

of lead-pencil

marks

is

easily effected

by means

of

India-rubber.
3.

gested
4.

The process of cutting glass, stone, etc., by the sand-blast was sugby the abrasion of windows on the coast of New Jersey.
India-rubber, or caoutchouc (koo'chook), will

erase

lead-pencil

marks.

517.
1.

Han'ce-O,
a.

am

stale or rancid.

malignant. The Pequods secretly cherished the most wards the Connecticut settlers.
1.

RAN'COROUS,

rancorous

feelings to-

518.
1.

Ra'pi-O,

I snatch.
a.

Hap't-um,

to snatch.

done by RAP'IDLY, adv. swiftly (35-8). RAP'INE, n. plunder (516-1). a. greedy (36). RAPT'URE, n. ecstasy (64-4). RAPA'CIOUS, 1. Soldiers, in an enemy's country, sometimes resort to surreptitious

SURREPTITIOUS,

stealth.

means

to obtain better food.

16*

186
519.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
scarce
;

Hd'r-US,
to

rare

not thick.
adv.

RAR'EFY,
dense.
1.

make
to

less

RARE'LY,
bodies
;

seldom

not

often (510-3).

Heat has a tendency

rarefy
;

cold, to contract

them.

520.
1.

Ra't-US, thinking
v.

judging.

KAT'IFY,

sanction.

REA'SON, n.
5).

efficient cause (522-

2.
2.

RA'TION,

n. fixed
a.

allowance.

IRRA'TIONAL,
ing to reason.
1.

not accord- RA'TIONAL, a. agreeable to reason (76-2).

Three-fourths of the States, either by their Legislatures or by con-

ventions, must ratify an amendment. 2. After the scanty ration which often falls to the soldier, it is not irrational to suppose that he is willing to satiate, himself with food

obtained from the enemy by surreptitious means.

521.

He'cens (recerit-is), new

a. late

recent.

RE'CENT,
522.

(584-4).
I rule.

RECENTLY, adv. lately (302-1).

to rule.

~Re'g-o,

Hec't-um,
a reign.

Rec't-us,
a rule.

right.
1.

Heg'num,
v.

Heg'ul-a,

REG'ULATE,
methodically.

to

adjust REC'TITUDE, n. uprightness (623).

2.

INCORRIGIBLE,
able.

a.

irreclaim-

RE'GAL,
'in

a.

RE'GENT,
n.

n.

kingly (510-2). one who governs

of the

3.

CORRECTION,
right.

making
interis

place

sovereign

(326).

4.

INTERREG'NUM,. the
val in which a throne

va-

5.

cant between two reigns. REC'TIFY, v. to correct.

a. according to established laws (504-2). REIGN, n. the time during

REG'ULAR,

which a sovereign exercises

authority (213-3).

6.

RECT'ANGLE,W. (angulusja
right-angled parallelogram. ERECT', v. to build.

REGA'LIA,

n. ensigns

of roy-

7.

alty (216-4).
n.

CORRECT'LY, adv. properly REG'IMEN,

(65-2).

systematic course

of living (402-2).
a.

INCORRECT', neous (7-1).

1.

wrong

erro-

ROY'ALTY, n. kingship (510-3). RULE, n. regulation (65-13).

"

The Constitution

vests in

Congress

The power

to coin

money,

regulate

the value thereof,"

etc.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
2.

187

Several States provide institutions in which

is

incorrigible boyp
it is

are subjected to a rigorous discipline. 3. The correction of a bad habit

to

so difficult that

safest not

form any. 4. Louis XVI. was beheaded in 1793, and Napoleon became First Consul in 1800. During the interregnum, various changes were made in the Government. 5. There is no good reason for calling America after Amerigo, but it
is

too late to
6.
7.

rectify the mistake.

In a rectangle the base is perpendicular to the height. In some cities it is illegal to erect a frame tenement, as the danger

of fire tends to depreciate all the surrounding property.

523.
1.

Rep't-um,
n.
is

to creep.
its belly.

1.

KEP'TILE, The anaconda

an animal that crawls on

the largest

reptile found in America.

524:.
1.

Res,

a thing.

RE'ALLY, adv. actually. REAL'ITY, n. actual exist1.

RE'ALIZE,

v.

to

consider

as

real (125-3).

ence (204-1). RE'AL, a. actual (37-2). The Jewish nation never really submitted to the Roman yoke.

525.

Ri'de-o,
v.

I laugh.

Ri's-um,

to laugh.
a.

DEKIDE',

laugh at in a con-

RIDICULOUS,
RIS'IBLE,

worthy of

rid-

temptuous manner (140-8).

DERI'SION, n. ridicule (175-2).

icule (22-3).
a. pertaining laughter (22-3).

to

RID'ICULE, n. derision (253).

526.
RI'GID,

Ri'g-eo,

am

stiff (as
j

with cold).
a.

a. strict (145).

RIG'OKOUS,

severe (522-2).

527.
1.

Ri'g-o,
v.

I water.

Riga't-um,

to water.

IE/ EJ GATE,
1.

to water.
it is

In

many

countries,

of water, from

which

to

irrigate

necessary for the farmer to have a reservoir his land.

528.
1.

Ri'v-US,
n. a

a stream.
;

Ri't>-a9 a bank, a
3.

shore.

RI'VAL,

competitor

an

UNRIVALLED,
rival.

a.

having no

antagonist.
2.

RIV'ULET,
of water
;

n.

a little stream
rill.

4.

RIV'EB, n. a large stream of water.

188

MANUAL OF ET.YMOLOGY.
ARRIVE',
35).
v.

DERIVATION,
tracing
1.

n. origin, act of

come

to (see

page

origin

or

descent

DERIVE' (see page 35). (20). In 1632, Gustavus Adolphus, having found means to subsidize a large force in France, met his formidable rival at Lutzen. 2. The Rubicon was a rivulet separating Italy from Gaul. Csesar
having planned an invasion of Italy, paused when he arrived at this river; then, hurrying across, he exclaimed, "The Rubicon is passed."
3.

England was
Trace the
rill.

4.
it

for many years unrivalled in the production of tin. river Danube to its source, in Baden, and you will find

a tiny

529.
1.

Ito'b-ur (roVor-is), an oak

a.

strength.

tending ROBUST', a. vigorous (257). to confirm; having the power CORROBORATE, v. to confirm
1.

CORROB'ORATIVE,

of giving strength. (478). Tradition specifies the exact mountain on which the ark rested

but

travellers find nothing

corroborative

of the statement.

530.
1.

Ro'g-o,
v.

I ask.

Hoga't-um,
4.

to ask.

AR'ROGATE,
one's
self.

to

assume to

AB'ROGATE, v. to repeal. DEROG'ATORY, a. tending to

lessen in value (140-5).

1.

PREROGATIVE,
sive privilege.

n.

an exclucontain-

AB'ROGATED,
(211-1).

v.

repealed
n.

2.

INTERROG'ATIVE, a.
ing a question.

INTERROGATION,
tion (305-2).

a ques-

3.

(121-3). " " to arrogate divine right 1. The Stuarts imagined they had a every power, and to claim every prerogative. 2. The interrogative form of the verb is limited to the Indicative

PROROGUE', v. to continue the English Parliament from one session to another.

AR'ROGANT,

a.

haughty

and Potential moods.

3. In England, only the Queen has power to prorogue Parliament, though she need not do it in person. 4. In despotic governments, the sovereign has power to abrogate a

law.

531.
1.

Ho's-a,

a rose.
in the evening

KO'SEATE, a. rosy. 1. A roseate hue in the sky

is

a presage of

fair

weather on the morrow.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
532.
1.

189

Ro't-a, a
a.

wheel.

2.

RO'TARY, ROTUN'DA,
that
is

turning.

ROTA'TION,
(14-3).

n.

rotary motion
n.

n.

any building

round both on the ROTUND'ITY,

sphericity

outside and inside.

1.

roundness (140-8).

By

the

rotary

tor,

moves more than one thousand miles 2. The paintings which encircle the

motion of the earth, a person living on the equain an hour.

rotunda

of the Capitol

at

Washington are generally

historical subjects.

1.

533. Ull'd-is, rude, ignorant. RU'DIMENTS, n. the begin- 2. RUDE,

nings
1.

a. uncivil.

of

any

branch

of

knowledge.
The most
Never be
skilful teachers

ER'UDITE, a. well instructed; learned (140-10).

should be employed to instruct children

in the
2.

rudiments.

rude to

the aged, but be attentive to their counsel.

534.

Itu'men (ru'min-is),
n.

the cud.

RU'MINANTS,
535.
1.

animals that chew the cud (247).

RU'MOR,
1.

In

Itu'mor, a common report. n. a common report. 1778, the rumor, that a simultaneous
made on Newport, alarmed the
to break.

attack

by land and

sea

was

to be

royalists.

536.

Rup't-um,
a.

ABRUPT', having a sudden DISRUPTION, n. the act of termination (146-3). breaking asunder (490).

BANKRUPT, n. one who cannot ERUP'TION,

pay
3).

n.

a bursting out

his debts (131-1).

a.

180-10).
n. open hostility, breach of peace (218-1).

CORRUPT',

decomposed (68- RUPT'URE,

537.
1.

Hus
a.

(ru'r-is), the country.

v.

RUS'TICATE, the country.

RUS'TIC,
1.

to reside in

RU'RAL,

a. belonging to the country (120-5).

unpolished (85).

It

is

pleasant in the summer-time to

rusticate

in the mountains,

or at the sea-shore.

190
538.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
sugar.
a.

Sad char-urn,,

SAC'CHARINE,
539.

having the qualities of sugar (1-6).

holy, sacred.

Sa'cer (sac'r-i),
v.

CON'SECRATE,

to devote

to sacred purposes. DES'ECRATE, v. to

CON'SECRATED, p. devoted to sacred purposes (456-1). abuse a SACRIFICE, n. (facio,) consecration (165-2). SAC'RILEGE,?I. (lego,) violation of what is sacred (195-4).

sacred thing (228-2).

SACERDO'TAL,
tis,a
1.

a.

(dos, do'-

dowry,) priestly (576). In 1101, the Normans were able to consecrate a " Round Church," modelled after the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, in Jerusalem.
540.
SAGE,
6).

Sa'gax (saga!c-is), knowing

foreseeing.

wise (204-4). PRE'SAGE, n. sign (531). SAGA'CIOUS, a. discerning (140- SAGAC'ITY,. discernment (192a.

2).

541.
1.

Sal,

salt.
a.

SALINE',
salt.

consisting of

compensation
(509-2).

for

services

2.

SALI' NA, SAL'ARY,

n. n.

a salt marsh. a fixed annual

SALT,

n.

a substance used for

seasoning (442-2).

1. To satisfy a natural craving for salt, there is, in superabundance of saline substances. 2. Cattle will go a long distance to find a salina.

many

countries,

542. Sa'l-io, I leap

1.

I spring.

Sal't-um,
n.

to leap

to

spring.

DES'ULTORY,
cal.

a.

immethodi- ASSAULT',
(550).

sudden

attack

2.

SAL'LY,
denly.

v.

to rush out sud-

SA'LIENT, a. forcing itself on the attention prominent

;

2.
3.

ASSAIL',

v. to

attack.

EXULT', v. triumph. ASSAIL'ANT, n. one who RESULT', n. makes an attack (466). (23).
little

conspicuous (135-2). IN'SULT, n. an affront (179-2).

effect
;

consequence

1. Desultory reading is not only of generally a great detriment to the mind.

practical utility, but ie

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
2.

191
sally from

the fort
3.

Gansevoort, besieged in Fort Schuyler, determined to and assail the enemy.

Wellington would never

"

ewult

great defeat," said he,

there

is

over a great victory. " Except a nothing worse than a great victory."
safety.

543.

Sa'l-us(salu't-is), health;
healthful.
n. greeting.
n.

Salu'br-is,

1.

2.

SALUTA'TION, SALU'TATORY,
ment.

SA'FEB,, a.

more secure (513to

introduc-

tory oration at a commence- SALU'BRITY, n. tendency promote health (125-7).

3.

SALVA'TION,
tion.

n.

preserva- SAI/UTARY,

a.

advantageous

(76-2). 1. Great diversity exists in the conventional forms of salutation. The ancient Greeks avoided all verbiage, and simply said " Rejoice." 2. Terseness of style should characterize both the salutatory and
the valedictory ; the subject
verbosity.
3.
is

wholesome

so trite that there

is

always danger of
that the sal-

In Sheridan's famous
of the

ride, the

horse seemed to

know

vation
544.
1.

army depended on him.

;

Sanc't-US, holy sacred. SANCTIMONIOUS, SANC'TITY, n. sacredness.

v.

2.

holy. 3. SAINT, n. a person sanctified.

SANC'TIFY,

to

make

a. having an appearance of holiness (112f

4).

SANCT'UARY, n. a sacred place

a consecrated spot
of worship (228-2).
;

SANC'TION, n. approval (4182).

1.

a place

The Mohammedans have such regard for the sanctity of the mosque, that they deem it irreverent to enter with the shoes on. 2. Many things in this temporal existence, which are inscrutable to man, may be intended to sanctify and prepare him for a happier condition.
3. Neither the humble parentage of Thomas a Becket, nor his enormous wealth, prevented the people from regarding him as a saint.

545.
1.

Sarigu-is (sariyuin-is),
n.

blood.
a.

CONSANGUINITY, tionship by blood.

rela-

SAN'GUINARY,
3).
a.

bloody (42(92-

2.

COUS'IN, n. the child of an SAN'GUINE, uncle or aunt. 2).

confident

192
1.

A
As court

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

a subject, there

etiquette does not allow a sovereign in Europe to espouse is no alternative but to choose a person already connected

by consanguinity.
2. On the question of matrimony, neither Queen Mary nor Queen Victoria gave the nation any opportunity to speculate. Mary married her cousin, William of Orange Victoria, her cousin, Albert.
;

646.

Sa!n-US, sound
a.

healthy.
;

INSANE',

deranged in

mind

mad

(20-3).

INSAN'ITY, n, derangement of

mind
547.
1.

(170-1).

SAN'ITARY, a. pertaining tohealth (558-2). SAN'ITY, n. the condition or quality of being sane (305-2)

Sa!pi-09
a.

I savor;

know.

SA'VORY,
taste.

agreeable to the INSIP'ID, a. tasteless (197-2). SA'PIENT, a. wise (115-1).

is

1. To an Esquimaux, the most sumptuous repast bread saturated with train-oil.

not so

savory

as

548.
.

Sa'po (sapo'nis),

soap.

SOAP, n. a substance used

for cleansing

tained

from fatty bodies,

alkali.)
a.

(The result of the combination of acid obThe great consumption

In Europe, there
qualities.
is

and an
2.

SAPONA'CEOUS,
it

soapy.

1.

of

soap

and paper, makes

very desirable
it

to find a substitute for each of these indispensable articles.

2.

a plant called soap-wort, because

has

sapo-

naceous

549. Sa'tis, enough. Sa'tur, full, sated. a. not to be sat- SATI'ETY, n. repletion (363-1). INSA'TIABLE,
isfied (228-2).

SA'TIATE,
(520-2).

v.

to feed to the full

SA'T'ISFY, v. to gratify wants to the full extent (541-1).

SAT'UB,ATED,JP. soaked (547-1).

550. Sca'l-a, a ladder.

1.

SCALE,
1.

v.

to climb.

Although Montcalm was a veteran, yet Wolfe deceived him by a feigned assault on the Lower Town, while his ulterior design was to scale the Heights of Abraham, and attack the Upper Town.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
551.
1.

193
to climb.

Scarid-o,
v.

I climb.

Scaris-um,
4)-

SCAN,
fully.

to

examine care- DESCEND'ANTS,??, offspring (75-

2.

rise beyond TRANSCEND', CONDESCEND', v. to stoop. ASCENT', n. climbing (66(205-5). DESCEND' (see page 36). 6).
i

1.

Science enables us to

scan

the depths of space and measure the dis-

tances of the fixed stars.

2.

"To condescend

conduct," said Lord Grenville,

to argue "

with these

rebels, or to extenuate their

is

to favor the rebellion."

552. Sci!-o9 1 know.

Scieriti-a, knowledge.
SCI'ENCE, n. trutb ascertained
(551-1).

CONSCIENCE,
of our

n.

tbe knowledge

own

actions as rigbt
a.

or

wrong

(92-5).

CONSCIENTIOUS,
(114-1).

SCIENTIFIC, a. (facio,) well obedient to versed in science (18-3).

a.

tbe dictates of conscience UNCON'SCIOUS,

(112-4).

not conscious

553. Scri'b-o, I write. Scrip't-um, to write. n. a compulsory SCRIB'BLING, n. writing careCONSCRIP'TION,

enrolment for military

vice (350-1).

ser-

lessly (179-1).

SCRIPT'URES, n. tbe Bible (225).

CIRCUMSCRIBE', v. to limit (4322).

DESCRIPTION,
(173-2).

n.

DESCRIBE' (see page 36). delineation PRESCRIBE' (see page 36). SUBSCRIBE' (see page 36).

INSCRU' TABLE,
(544-2).

554. Scru't-OT, I examine. SCTUti'n-ium, scrutiny. a. unsearchable SCRU'TINIZE, v. examine closely

(374).
to carve

555.

Scul'p-o (sculp't-um),
n.

on stone.

SCULP'TOR,

a carver (417-1).

1. 1.

556. Sec'o, I cut. Sec't-um, to cut. IN'SECT, n. a small animal. 2. BISECT', v. (bini,) to divide into two equal parts (Geom.); INSECTIV'OROUS, a. (voro,)
eating insects.
17

to cut into

two

parts.

194
3.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
n. the act or

INTERSECTION,

state of intersecting. 1. To watch a bird and see

if it

SEC'TION, n. division (216-5). INTERSECT', v. (see page 36). eats an insect, helps us to decide

whether or not the bird

is

insectivorous.

Do you think

that a bird

'would eat a centipede f 2. You should learn to bisect straight lines without the aid of com3.

It

section
557.
1.

was an old custom of two roads.

in

England,

to

bury a suicide at the inter-

Sec'ul-u?n,
a.

an-age.

SEC'ULAR,

pertaining to the present world.

1. Solomon enjoins a proper supervision over wise providence in preparing for the future.

secular

affairs,

and a

558. Se'd-eo, I
1.

sit.

Ses's-um,
;

to

sit.

Seda't-us,
one who pre-

calm

peaceful.

SUBSIDIARY,
INSURIOUS,
a.

a. aiding.

PRES'IDENT,

n.

1.

treacherous.

sides (44-2).

2.
3.

PRESIDENCY, n. office of chief SED'ULOUS, a. assiduous. n. the placing of an SIEGE, magistrate (12-1). army before a place to take RESIDE', v. to dwell (246-1). it. SEDATE', a. calm (435-2).
SED'ENTARY, a. requiring much RES'IDUE, n. remainder. ASSIZE', n. a court of jussitting (126-3).
tice.

4.

5.

ASSID'UOUS,

a.

sedulous

unremitting (246-1). ASSESS'OR, n. one who

sesses (57-2).

SED'IMENT, n. dregs (146-1). VICE-PRES'IDENT, n. (vicis,) one in place of the Presi-

as-

dent (21-3).
SES'SION,
7i.

a sitting (14-2).

BESIEG'ERS, n. those

who

lay siege (60-2). POSSESSED', v. owned (10).

SUB'SIDIZE, v. to obtain by payment of a subsidy (528-1). SUPERSEDE', v. to take the

POSSESSION ,?i.holding(193)
1.

St.

place of another (287-1). was subsidiary to Burgoyne's campaign; Leger's expedition

but, ignorant of the

self deserted

insidious

character of the Indians, he found him-

by them

2. To secure sound taken of the sanitary condition of every seminary. 3. The most noted siege on record is probably the siege of Troy, which commenced 1194 and ended 1184 B. C.

in the time of his greatest need. minds in sound bodies, sedulous care should be

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
4. Many of the American residue sank into poverty.

195
;

colonists in Palestine refused to stay

the

5. Judges of assize itinerate through the counties of England and hold jury trials twice a year.

559.

Se'm-en (sem'in-is),

seed.

DISSEMINA'TION, n. general dif- SEM'INARY, n. school, academy,

fusion (288-2).
college, etc. (558-2).

560.
1.

Se'nex (se'nis), old, aged. SE'NIOR, a. older; prior in SEN'ATE, n. one of the Houses of Congress (180-4). age or rank.
it is

1.

to

Where two members of a family have the same name, add the word senior to the elder of the two.
561. Seriti-O, I feel
;

common

I think.

Seris-ltm,

to feel

to

think.
1.

ASSENT',

v.
v.

to consent.

SEN'TENCE,n.doom pronounced
(10-2).

2.

KESENT',
affront.

consider as an

DISSENT', v to differ in opinion

.

3.

SENTIMENTS,
SCENT,
SENSE,
v.

n.

thoughts.

(100-1).

4.
5.
6.

perfume.
a.

PRESENTMENT,
(62-3).

n.

foreboding

n. sensation.

SENTEN'TIOUS,
energetic.
1.

short

and SENSITIVE,
(204-2).

a.

easily affected

Spain refuses to assent to the abolition of slavery in Cuba. The Chinese Embassy resent the indignities inflicted on their countrymen, while prosecuting their lawful undertakings.
2. 3.

Many
It
is

wise

sentiments

are contained in some of the Proverbs.

4.
5.

The

said that a single grain of mask will scent a room for years. sense of smell enables animals to track their prey for a great
is

distance.
6.

A proverb

sometimes a sermon in a

sententious

form.

a grave. a place of burial. SEP'ULCHBE, 1. Those who have been able to explore the Great Pyramid are not convinced that it was intended for the sepulchre of kings.

562.

Sepul'chr-um,,
n.

1.

563.
1.

Sep'tem,
Roman

seven.

SEPTEM'BER,
1.

n. the

ninth month.

In the old

year,

September was

the seventh month.

196
564.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I follow.

8e'qu-or,
a.

Secu't-us,
PROS'ECUTE,
(75-2).

following.
v.

CONSEC'UTIVE,

following

to

continue

in regular order. 2. SUE, v. to prosecute.

ENSUE', v. follow (65-9). attain (12-4). EXECU'TION, n. putting to death (92-7). SE'QUEL, n. that which follows CON'SEQUENCE, n. result (195-1).
;

PURSUED', p. followed (11-7). PURSUIT', n. the endeavor to

SUBSEQUENT, a. occurring at a later period (118-2). OBSE'QUIOUS, a. complying in a servile manner (75-13). Surr'ABLE,a.appropriate(l 78). OB'SEQUIES, n. funeral so- PROS'ECUTING, part, carrying lemnities (83-1). on (561-2). 1. In all text-books, the paragraphs should be numbered in consecueffect (75-9).
'

tive order. 2. The Constitution does not permit an individual

to

sue

a State.

565. Se'r-0, I knit together.

gether.

Ser't-um,

to knit to-

Ser'm-o (sermo'n-is),
n.

a discourse.
part.
t

DESERT'ERS,

those

who

de-

ASSERT'ING,
v.

affirming

sert (19-2). EXERT', v. to

positively (37-4).

put into action ASSERTS',

(16-2).

affirms positively

(431).

SE'RIES,

n.

succession

of

SER'MON,

n.

a serious discourse

things (75-9).

(561-6).
I creep.
n.

566.

Ser p-O9
f

SER'PENTINE, a. winding (349). |SER'PENT,

567. Ser'v-io, I serve.

snake (152-1).
to serve.

Servi't-um,

DESERVED', a. merited (6). SERV'ITUDE, n. bondage (70-2). SERV'ANT, n. one who serves SUBSERV'IENT, a. serving to (68-2). promote some end (15-2).
568. Ser'v-o, I keep
;

preserve,

Serva't-um,

to

to preserve.

OBSERV'ING,
2).

n.

watching (27- RESERVOIR',

n. a cavity for a fluid (527). holding n. notice (104-

PRESERVATION, n. being kept OBSERVATION, from decay (158-1). 2)-

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
569. Seve'r-us, severe. ASSEV'EKATION, n. solemn as- SEVE'EEE,
sertion (167-4). SEVEKE'LY, adv. sharply (21-3).
a.

197

harsher (70-1).
n.

PEESEVE'EANCE,

constancy

in pursuit (38-2).
sixty.

570.
1.

Sex,

six.

Sexagirita,
n.

SEXAGENARIAN,
1.

a person sixty years old. John Adams was a sexagenarian 9 when he became President

of the United States.

571.
1.

a sign, a seal. EN'SIGN, n. a standard; a SIG'NALS, n. those things which flag or banner. give notice (343).

Sig'n-um,

1.

DESIGNATE,

v.

to point out.
a.

SIGN,

v.

to affix the signature

n. intention (37-1).

INSIGNIFICANT,
portant (301-1).
1.

unim-

(324).

DESIGN/
field.

In

battle,
its

each of the tribes of Israel carried an

ensign,

to

des-

ignate
572.
1.

place in the

Sim'il-is,

like.

Si'mul,

at the

same time.

2.

ASSIM'ILATE,V. become like. SIM'ILAE, a. like (83-2). DISSEM'BLE,?;. to hide under SIMULTANEOUS, a. at the same
a false appearance.

time (535).
hypoc- SIMILITUDE,
n.

DISSIMULATION,
risy (57-3).

n.

resemblance
n. similarity

likeness (68-2).

SiMiLAE'iTY,n.resemblance;
likeness (49-1).
1.

RESEMBLANCE,

likeness (643-2).
in character to the persons with

Insensibly,

we assimilate

whom

we

associate.

something beautiful in the character of one who resolves to act from a sinister motive, but always to speak the words of verity and soberness.
2.

There

is

never to

dissemble, nor

573.

Sirigul-us,
a.

one; single.

SIN'GLE,
574.

one alone (561-4).

the left
;

Sinister, on
a.

hand
left

bad.
(572-2).

SIN'ISTEE,

dishonest

on the

hand

198
575.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
fold, a

Si'n-US, a

bosom.

INSINUATE, v. to introduce by INSINUATION, n. a hint; an intimation (140-5). artful means (250-7).

576. Sis't-O or St-O, I stand
IN'TEBSTICES,
;

I set up.

Sta't-um,

to

stand, to set up.

1.

2.
2.

3.

n. narrow CONSTANTLY, adv. continually between things. (43-1). spaces CONSTITUTION, n. established STA'TIONAKY, a. fixed. CONSTITUTE, v. compose. system of laws (12-1). SUBSISTENCE, n. support DESTITUTE, a. needy with; ;

provisions.
3.

out resources (105-1).

n.

RESTITUTION,
back.

giving ESTABLISH,
(121-2).

v.

to settle firmly

3.

STABILITY,
firmness.

n.

steadiness

EXTANT', a. now in being

con-

4.

tinuing to exist (418-1). n. remoteness of EXIST'ED, v. continued to be DIS'TANCE,

(17-1).
a.

place.
5.

REST'IVE,

obstinate in re-

INSTITUTE,

n. association

so-

6.

fusing to move forward. SOL'STICE, n. (sol,) the point in the ecliptic in which the

ciety (11-2).

OB'STACLE,^. that which stands in the way (105-1).

sun
7.

is

farthest

from
grave.

the

RESISTANCE, n. opposition; the

RESIST', act of resisting (66-4). v. to withstand (22-3).

equator.

STAID,

a.

sober

STATE, n. condition (1-4). help (1-4). n. event STAY, v. to remain (558-4). CIR'CUMSTANCE,
ASSIST',
v.

(124-2).

SUPEKSTI'TION,
;

n.

belief
;

in

CON'STANT, a. continual without cessation (14-1).

1.

omens and prognostics

religion (307-1).

false

The

settlers of

America

built their houses of logs, filling the

inter-

stices with clay.

the planets which constitute our around the sun. 3. The Arabs depend on plunder for subsistence; and though the Pacha often promises restitution of the stolen goods, yet, such is the lack of stability in the government, that the promise is seldom kept. 4. Priests whose homes were at a distance remained in the vicinity
2.

Stars are

stationary bodies

solar system revolve

of the temple while performing the special duties of the sacerdotal

office.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
5.

199

When

Bucephalus was so restive, that no attendant could manage

him, Alexander, with great expertness, mounted him without difficulty. 6. At the time of the summer solstice, the sun is vertical to the Tropic of Cancer, which is the northern boundary of the Torrid Zone.
7.

sion,

Elizabeth Fry, with her gentle, staid demeanor, and sweet expreswas a welcome visitor in the London prisons.

577.

So'd-US,
v.

a companion.
a.

ASSO'CIATE,
(572-2).

keep company SO'CIAL,

pertaining to soci-

ety (139-2). ASSOCIATION, n. society (112- SOCI'ETY, n. the

2).

community

(101-1).
a.

SO'CIABLE,
(286-2).

companionable ASSO'CIATED,^?. connected (72).

578.

Sol (so'l-is),

the sun.

SO'LAR,, a.

pertaining to the sun (576-2).

solemn, serious.

579.

Solem'n-is,
a.

SOL'EMN,

serious; fitted to

awaken

reflection (167-4).

SOL'EMNIZE, v. to perform with proper ceremonies (234).

580. So'l-CO, to use, to be accustomed.

IN'SOLENCE,
581.
n.

impertinence (41).
solid.

Solid-us,
v.

CONSOLIDATE, a compact mass (666). (135-1). SOI/ID, a. not fluid; having SOL'DIEKY,
particles that cohere (27-1).

to

form into SOLID'IFY,

v.

to

make

solid

n.

the body of mil(11-3).

itary

men

582. So'l-OT, I comfort

1.

I soothe,

Solctft-US, comforta.

INCONSOL'ABLE,
comforted.

a.

ing soothing. not to be DISCONSOLATE,

;

sorrowful

CONSOLED',

v.

cheered and

(152-2). SOL' ACE, v. to alleviate in dis-

tress (371-1). solaced (687-2). 1. If there were no resurrection, and the spiritual nature could be reduced to nonentity, we might well be inconsolable at the death of
friends.

200

A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
;

583. So'l-US, alone

only.

DES'OLATE,
SOL'ITARY,

a.
a.

cheerless (271).

SOL'ITUDE, n. remoteness from

society (222-2).
f

living alone (20).

584. Sol'v-o, I loose.

1
.

Solu t-um,

to -loose.

Soi/UBLE,a. capable of being 3. ABSOLUTION, n. remission. dissolved. 4. ABSOLVE', v. to acquit.

1.

being
fluid.
2.
3.

SOLU'TION, n. the state of diffused through a

AB'SOLUTE, a. unconditional
(131-1).

SOL'VENCY, n. ability to pay. DIS'SOLUTE, a. loose in mor1.

INSOLVENT, pay (395-1).

a.

not able to

KESOLU'TION,

n.

determina-

Many
In the

tion (56-2). substances, not soluble in water, can be held in solution

"

by

alcohol.

2.

Great

Money

Pressure

"

of 1837,

many

merchants, whose

solvency
3.

there

When

to suspect, became bankrupt. Charles II. took a retrospect of his dissolute life, he was

had never been reason

terrified at the

thought of the retribution that awaited him

and, borne
for all his

down by
sins.
4.

the prostration of disease, he besought

effect of

absolution
to

The

the recent bankrupt laws

was

absolve

the debtor

from legal obligation to pay.

585.
1.

Som!n-us,

sleep.

SOMNAM'BULIST,
1.

n. (ambulo,)
fear.

one

who walks

in his sleep.

A somnambulist will

sometimes traverse a dangerous path, and

not evince the slightest

586.
1.

So'n-us, a
a.

sound.

CON'SONANT, n. a letter which can be sounded only in consounding. nection with a vowel (167-3). SOUND, n. a noise (110). 1. According to an old superstition, when the great bell of St. Paul's,
SONO'ROUS,
clear; highits

London, pours forth hood turns sour.

sonorous

tones, all the beer in the neighbor-

Sor'did-US, mean covetous. SOB/DID, a. mean covetous (6).

587.
; ;

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
588.

201

Sors (sor't-is),

a sort, lot, share.

;

CON'SORT, n. a partner, espe- SORT, n. kind or species class or order (472-1). ciallyawifeorhusband(171).
j

589.
1.

Spar's-um,

to strew

to scatter.

scatter (700). 1. In the tuition of little children, care should be taken to diversify the exercises, by interspersing recreations and lighter studies with

INTERSPERS'ING, part, scattering between.

2.

ASPER'SION,
DISPERSE',
v.

n.

calumny,

those which are

2.

more wearisome.
order to prove the severe strictures passed upon him to of his character, was wont to expatiate on the various

St. Glair, in

be an

aspersion

contingent circumstances,

which compelled him

little

to surrender Ticonderoga

but his specious arguments had

weight

after his defeat in 1791.

590.

Spa'ti-um,
v.

EXPA'TIATE,

space. to enlarge in

SPACE,

discourse (589-2).

a portion of n. extent extension (551-1).

; ;

591.
1.

Spe'd-O, I look
a. a. specified.

I see.

Spec't-um, to look
n.
2).

to see.

CONSPIC'UOUS,

prominent. SPECIMEN,

a sample (213-

2.
2.

SPECIFIC,

PERSPICU'ITY,

n.

freedom SPE'CIOUS,
i).

from obscurity. DES'PICABLE, a. worthy of

a. plausible (589-2). SPEC'TRES, n. apparitions (396-

contempt (318-2).
DISRESPECT',
(250-6).
n.

SPEC'ULATE, v. to theorize (545dishonor

2).

SUSPECT',

v.

to mistrust (584-

2). RET'ROSPECT,7i.lookingback on the past (584-3). PROS'PECT, n. view (62-1). SPE'CIAL, a. particular (576- SPECTA'TOR, n. one who views

4).

(37-3).

SPE'CIE, n. coin (75-9).

ESPECIALLY, adv. particularly

SPE'CIES, n. a kind (64-2). (7-3). In the District of Columbia, and in those parts of Maryland and Virginia which lie contiguous, the most conspicuous and attractive
1.

" The specific duty of the President, to give to Congress information of the state of the Union," was formerly performed in person but as most men write with more perspicuity than they speak, this in2.
;

object

is

the Capitol.

formation

is

now, by

tacit consent,

given in writing.

202

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I hope.

592. Spe'r-o,

DES'PERATE,
4).

a.

hopeless (21- DESPAIR', n. loss of hope (7515).

fel-

DESPERA'DO, n. a desperate low (20-3).

DESPERA'TION,
(618-1).

PROSPERITY, n. successful progress (76-1).

n. hopelessness

PROSPEROUS, a. successful (1922).

1.

2.

593. Spi'r-o, I breathe. Spira't-um, to breathe. ASPI'RANT, n. one who aims INSPIRATION, n. a drawing in at something elevated. of the breath (212). INSPIR'IT, v. to animate. SpiR'iTUAL,a.immaterial(582).

ASPIRA'TION,

n.

desire for

something higher (434-2).

SPIR'ITS, n. supernatural apparitions (64-3).

a.

CONSPIRACY,
(127).

plot SPIR'ITUOUS,
it

containing spir-

(51).

INSPIRE', v. to infuse into CONSPIRE' (see page 36). the mind (56-1). TRANSPIRE' (see page 36). 1. The Duke of Monmouth was an aspirant to the throne of England, and so tenacious of his rights that all efforts to dissuade him from
invading England, 1685, were
2.

useless.

to

During Queen Mary's long detention in prison, her attendants tried lessen the intensity of her grief, and inspirit her with fresh hopes.

594.

Splerid-eo,

I shine.
;

SPLEN'DID, a. magnificent ebrated (152-2).

cel-

RESPLEN'DENT, shining with

(111-1).

a.

very bright

brilliant lustre

SPLEN'DOR,?I. brilliancy (76-1).

595.

Spo'li-um,
n.

spoil.

SPOLIATION,
596.
cate

plunder taken from a neutral (130).

I promise.

Sporid-eo,
v.

Sporis-um,

to promise.

CORRESPOND',

to

by

letters
v.

ESPOUSE',

to

communi- DESPOND'ENCY,?i.dejection(73). RESPONSIBLE, a. liable for con(167-6). sequences (504-1). marry (545RESPOND' (see page 37).

597.

Stella, a
n.

star.

CONSTELLA'TION,

a cluster of fixed stars (158-2).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
698. Ster'n-o,
1.

203
to

spread
spread
;

strew.

Stra't-um,

to strew.

CONSTERNA'TION,?I. surprise PROSTRA'TION, n.

(584-3). mingled with terror. STRA'TUM,w.alayer (173-1). PROS'TRATE,
1.

depression
flat (64).

a.

lying

During the dark ages," the approach of a comet spread consternation, among the ignorant masses, as it was thought to portend war,
or

"

some other calamity

to

which men are

liable.

599.

StWl-a,
n.

DISTIL'LERY,

a drop. the place where distilling

I

is

carried on (75-7).
to to

600. Stirigu-o9
1.

mark.

Stinc't-um,
EXTINGUISH,
to (191-2).
v.

mark.

EXTINCT',
nize

a.

extinguished.
v.

put an end

DISTINGUISH,

by

to recogcharacteristic quali-

ties (90-1).

DISTINCT', a. clear (38-1). DISTINCT' LY,acfo.clearly(38-2).

re-

1. In the West, there are numerous mounds, which entomb the mains of an extinct race.

601. Stip'ul-a, a bargain.

STIPULATION,

n.

agreement (134-1).
root, or stock.

602. Stirps, a

EXTIRPA'TION,
tion (271).

n. total destruc-

EX'TIRPATE,
3).

v.

to root out (93-

603. StO, I stand 604.

I set up.

See SistO.

Streriu-us,
a.

brave, vigorous.

STREN'UOUS,

vigorous (39).

605. Stririg-o 9 1 bind.

1.

Stric't-um,
RESTRAIN',
3).
v.

to bind.
to repress (22n.

ASTRIN'GENT,
ing, binding.

a.

contract-

2.

STRAIN,
force.

v.

to

draw with RESTRICTION,

limitation

restraint (415-1).

3.

STRAIT, n. a narrow passage STRICT'URES, n. critical cenof water.

sures (589),
n. circuit of au-

DISTRICT,

STRICTEST,
(121-4).

a.

most rigorous

thority (475-1).

204

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
when
when

1. Some articles, as green persimmons, are so astringent 9 that, taken into the mouth, they distort the features. 2. The power of the waves to strain a ship is easily perceived, you are at sea in a tempest.

3.

The Strait of Gibraltar

is

not more than

fifteen miles wide.

606. Stru'-o,
1.
1.

I build, I construct.

Struc't-um,

to

build, to construct.

CoNSTRUc'TiON,n.formation. SUPERSTRUCTURE, n. an edi-

IN'STKUMENT,
INSTRUCT',
v.

n. tool.

fice (78).

2.

to teach.

CON'STRUE,
(608-1).

v.

DESTROY', v. to demolish (127). to interpret INSTRUCTION, n. information

a.

DESTRUCTIVE,
(350-2).
1
.

imparted (26-1). ruinous DESTRUCTION, n. ruin (56-5). OBSTRUCT' (see page 37).
of Solomon's Temple,

In the

construction

no

instrument
to

of

was "heard in the house, while it was in building." 2. No matter what the abstruseness of the subject, it is pleasant struct those who desire to learn.
iron

in-

607. Stu'd-eo,

I study, I strive.
n.

STU'DENT,

n.

one engaged in STUD'Y,

application of the

study (97-1).

mind

(11-10).
to.

608. Sua'd-eo, I advise.

1.

Sua's-um,
v.

advise.

DISSUA'SIVE,
against.

a.

advising DISSUADE',
(593-1).
of his friends,

from measure by persuasion any

to divert

2.

PERSUADE',
1.

v.

to induce.

To the dissuasive advice

;

Wolsey

replied,

"the

King's words are not equivocal; it is impossible to construe them favorably I shall resign the great seal." 2. All efforts to persuade Charles Edward, alias "The Pretender,"
to relinquish his design of invading Scotland, in 1745,

were of no

avail.

609. Sua'v-is, sweet, pleasant.

1.

ASSUAGE',

v.

to mitigate

to

SUAV'ITY,
;

n. softness;

pleas-

antness gentleness (469-2). palliate, 1. In the late contest between Russia and Turkey, little was done to

assuage

the horrors of war.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
610. Suffra'gi-tvm, a vote. SUF'FRAGE, n. vote (312).
611. Sll'i, of one's
SUICI'DAL,
a. (caedo,)
self.

205

destructive to one's self (214-5).

612.

Sum,

am.

Es's-e,

to be.

Ens
n.

(erit-is), benothing
non-

ing.
1.

Futu'r-us,
present

about to be.
;

FUTI/RITY,

n.
a.

the future. not

NONEN'TITY,
PRES'ENCE,

AB'SENT,
(357-2).

existence (582).
n.

state of being

ES'SENCE, n.

the peculiar

present (1-2).
v.

quality (230-2).

INTERESTS,
(350-2).
1.

n.

REPRESENT', advantages ESSEN'TIAL,

portray (7-5).
necessary; in-

a.

Astrologers professed to look into or evil, from the position of the stars.

dispensable (62-3). futurity, and prophesy good

613.

Su'm-o,
n.

I take.

Sump't-um,
(121-3).

to take.
n.

ASSUMPTION,
(350-2).

supposition PRESUMP'TION,

arrogance

CONSUMPTION,
ASSUME',
614.
v.

n.

use (548-1). SuMPi'uous,a. expensive (547).

to take (121-3).

CONSUME'

(see

page 37).

Su'per, high. Supe'rior, higher. Supre'm-us,

highest.
a.

1.

SUPER'LATIVE,

(latum,)

highest in degree.

SUPE'RIOR, a. higher in excellence (66-3).

n.

INSU'PERABLE, a. not to be SUPREM'ACY, overcome (334-1). (180-9).

SUPERCIL'IOUS, a. (cilium, SUPREME', the eyelid,) haughty (22(177-2).
3).
a.

supreme power

highest in power
n.

SOV'EREIGN,

king or queen
ex-

SUPERB', a. grand (651-1). (75-4). 1. As the adjective "perfect" has a superlative meaning, the " more perfect," seems to be redundant. pression,
615.

Sur'g-o,
n.

I rise.
;

Surrec't-um,
one
civil

to rise.

INSUR'GENT,

a rebel

or political authority

who

rises

in opposition to

(701-2).

18

206

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
n.

INSURRECTION,
rebellion
;

opposition to the

a rising in KESURREC'TION, n. rising again from the dead (582).

execution of law (340).

SOURCE,
;

n. origin (528-4).

616.
1.

Taber'na,

a shed
;

an

inn.

TAV'ERN,^. an inn a pub- TAB'ERNACLE, n. a temporarylie house for entertainment. habitation (358-1).
1.

favorite sign for a

tavern, was
off.

"

The

Silent

Woman,"
to

repre-

sented by a

woman

with her head cut

I

617.
TAC'IT,

Ta!c-eo 9
a.

am

silent.

Tac'it-um,

be

silent.

implied, but

expressed (591-2).

not TAC'ITURN, a. not free to converse (508-2).

618.
1.

Tarig-o,
a.

I touch.

Tadt-um,

to touch.

2.

CONTIGU'ITY,W. contact(216-5). uninjured. INTAN'GIBLE, a. not capable CONTIGUOUS, a. touching (591of being touched. 1).
INTACT',

CONTA'GION,
(129).

n.

cation of disease

communi- CONTINGENT, by touch (589-2).

a.

accidental

CON'TACT,
(129).
1.

n.

ENTIRE'LY, adv. wholly (21-3). touching TACT,n. peculiar aptness (124to preserve their little

The dauntless Poles fought with desperation

territory

intact $

but, assailed at every vulnerable part

by such an ad-

versary, they first became tributary, and finally were compelled to accept the ultimatum of Russia, viz., the total extinguishment of their kingdom.
2.

We

believe in

many

things which are

electricity.

intangible and

invisible;

for instance, light, heat,

and

619.

Tarit-US9
a.

so great

as great.

TANTAMOUNT,
620.
a.

(mons,) equivalent (280-2).

weariness.
its

Tce'di-um,
Te'g-o,
v.

TE'DIOUS,
621.
1.

wearisome from
I cover.

length (18-2).
to cover.

Tec't-um,

DETECT',

to discover.
n.

PROTECTORATE,?!, government

PROTECTION,
tion (13-2). 1. A remarkable
trail of

preserva-

by a Protector government of Eng., 1653-1658 (176).

;

trait in

Indian character

is

the power to

detect the

a person several days after he has passed.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
622.

207
to

Tem'per-o,
n.

moderate.

Tempera't-um,

moderate.

TEM'PERAMENT,
TEM'PERANCE,
(121-4).

ganization (509-1).
n.

natural or- TEM'PERATURE, n. degree of heat or cold condition with

;

moderation

respect
(239-1).

to

heat

and cold

623.
1.

Tem'p-us (tem'por-is),

time.

TEM'PORIZE, v. to yield to TENSE, n. that attribute of a the current of opinion. verb by which it expresses the distinction of time (255EXTEMPORA'NEOUS, a. pro-

duced at the time (125-5). i). TEM'PORAL, a. not everlast- TEM'PORARY,

ing (544-2). " 1. The more you
iatory Bill. are willing to

a.

lasting only a

time (394-3).
tewtpOTize, the more contumacious Lord North's Concil-

will these rebels become," said the opponents of

624.

Terid-o,
n.

I stretch.

Teris-um
EXTENT',
n.

or

Terit-um,

to stretch.

ATTEN'TION,
(246-1).

application

compass (125-3).
part, over-

SUPERINTENDING,
a.

EXTEN'SIVE,
(66-1).

wide - spread

seeing (189). TEN'DENCY, n. inclination (182).

INTENSITY, n. vehemence (5932).

ATTEND' ANTS, n. servants (56purdis1).

INTEN'TION,

n. design; pose; aim (78-1).

CONTENDED,
6).

v.

argued

(43-

OsTENTA'TiON,w.ambitious

INTENSIVE, a. serving to give play (415-3). force (8-1). OsTEN'siBLE,a. seeming (78-1). PRETENSION, n. claim laid ATTEND', v. to listen to (214).
(179).

PORTENT'OUS,
to foretoken (598).

PORTEND', v.

a. serving to foretoken; ominous (92-2).

1.

625. Teri-eo, I hold. Terit-um, to hold. ABSTINENCE, n. the refrain- 2. CONTINUITY, n.

ing from indulgence of appetite.
3.

unbroken

connection.

RETENTIVE,

a. retaining.

208
CONTIN'UAL,
(216-8).

A
a.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

DETEN'TION,
(593-2).

uninterrupted TEN'ABLE, a. capable of being maintained (229). n. confinement TENA'CIOUS, a. holding fast
(593-1).
to receive with

ENTERTAIN',

v.

TEN'EMENT,. habitation

(522-

hospitality (214-4). 7). IMPER'TINENT, a. intrusive TEN'URE, n. a holding (375). DETAIN', v. to retain (65-6). (56-5).

PERTINA'CIOUS,
(56-2).

a.

inflexible

OBTAIN',

v.

to acquire (37-4).

CONTAIN',
n. inflexibility

v.

comprise (64-1).

a. relating to a continent (54-1). (75-1). SUS'TENANCE, n. support (214- CONTIN'UED,- v. persisted (28-

PERTINAC'ITY,

CONTINENTAL,

4).
1.

2).

Much

animadversion has been cast on Cranmer

but

it

should be

remembered, that, weakened by imprisonment and long abstinence, he was unable to controvert the statements of those opposed to him. 2. Some truths are perceived by intuition ; but others are only arrived at by an argument, which requires continuity of thought. 3. Attention and application to study are worth far more than a re-

tentive memory.

626. Terit-o, I try.

Tenta!t-um,
ef-

to try.
n.

ATTEMPT',

n.

endeavor; an

TEMPTA'TION,
(159).

inducement

fort to gain a point (11-6).

627.

ATTEN'UATE,
(156-1).

Teriu-is, thin, v. to make

slender.

thin ExTEN'uATEj-y.to palliate (551I |

2).

628. Ter'g-o, I make clean.

Ter's-um, to make clean.

n. elegance conciseness (543-2).

TERSE,
629.
1.

a.

elegant and concise TERSE'NESS,

and

(18-4).

Ter'min-us,
a.

a bound or limit.

CONTER'MINOUS,
a

having INTER'MINABLE, a. endless (683).

common boundary.
n. resolu-

DETERMINATION,
tion (246-5).

TER'MINATE, v. to come to an end (85-1).

-y.

EXTERMINATE, v. to destroy DETER'MINED,

utterly (103-2).

resolved; con-

cluded (638).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
1.

209
it is

vital

As Canada and the United States are conterminous, importance that friendly relations should be maintained.

of

630. Te'r-o, I rub.

1.

Tri't-um,
;

to rub.
a.

CONTBI'TION, n. repentance sorrow for sin.

DETBJMENT'AL,
(507).
a.

injurious

DET'BIMENT,
1).
1.

n.

injury (542- TRITE,

well-worn; having
novelty (543-2).
times,

lost its
tear the dress

To

common mode
631.

of expressing

and put ashes on the head was, in ancient contrition and sorrow.

1.

Ter'r-a, the earth. MEDITERRANEAN, n. (me- SUBTERRANEAN,

surface of
3).
a.

a.

under the
earth
(68-

dius,)the seabetween Europe

the

and Africa.
1.

TERRES'TRIAL,
ing to the earth.
1.

pertain-

TERRITORY,
3).

n.

a district (17-

The ancients gave the name of

it

supposed

to

because they be in the middle of this terrestrial habitation.

Mediterranean,

632. Ter'r-eo, I
1.

fill

with fear. with fear.

fear

Ter'rit-um,

to

fill

TERRIF'IC,

a. frightful.

TER'RIBLE,
TER'RIFY,
(641).

a. fearful (20-3).

DETER',
(641).
1.

v.

to stop

by

v.

to

fill

with fear

The terrific explosion caused by the bursting of a torpedo will destroy a large ship, though it is an iron-clad.

1.

633. Tes't-is, a witness. TES'TAMENT, n. a will.

ATTEST',
v.

1.
1.

to certify.

PROTEST', v. to make a formal declaration against (98-2).

TESTA'TOR,?I. one who makes PROT'ESTANTS, n. those who a will. join in a protest (85-2). CONTEST'ED, p. disputed TESTIMONY, n. that which is
(290-2).

affirmed by a witness (287a.

INTES'TATE,
will (465-2).
1.

without a

3).

CON' TEST, n. conflict (609).

to

It would invalidate a will or testament, if there were no witnesses attest the fact that the testator was of sound mind.

Jfl*

210
634.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
to weave.

Tex't-um,
n.

CON'TEXT,
sages.

1.

TEXT,
ture.
1.

n.

connected pas- PRE'TEXT,. apretence (195-1). TEXT'UKE, n. the manner in which a fabric is woven a passage of Scrip-

gross perversion of truth

may

(178-1). be made by taking a text without

the

context.

635.

Tim'-eo,
v.

I fear.

INTIM'IDATE, to terrify (303). TIM'OROUS, a. full of fear (285).

TIM'ID, a. full of fear

wanting

courage (120-5).
to dye.

636.
TINT,

Tirig-o,

I dye.

Tinc't-um,

n. slight coloring (117-1).

637.
1.

Titul-US,
n.

title.

TI'TLE, appellation of dignity. In France, an Archbishop has the title of Monseigneur, usually abbreviated to Mgr.
1.

638. Tol'er-o> I bear.

1.

Toll-o,

I lift up.

TOLERA'TION,
tolerating.
1.

n.

the act of

Toi/EBATE,v.to endure (285-2).

EXTOL', v.to praise highly (432).

Some

of the Colonies determined to grant

toleration

to

every

religious faith.

639.

ToT p-eo9
r

am numb

or torpid.

TORPE'DO,

a machine for TOR'PID, a. inactive; having lost motion (152-1). blowing up ships (632).
n.
;

640. Tor'r-eo, I parch I burn. TOR'RENTS, n. strong currents TOR' RID,

(65-4).

a.

parched with heat

(576-6).
to
twist.

641.

Tor't-um,

Tormerit-um,

extreme

pain.
1.

TORT'UOUS, a. crooked. RETORT'ED, v. threw back an v. to wrest from EXTORT', objection (286-1). (120-2). TOR'MENT, n. suffering (365). EXTOR'TION, n. oppressive TORT'URE, n. extreme pain;
exaction (66-1).
suffering (120-2).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.

211

1. The tortuous course of some African rivers, and the ferocious beasts (which lurk on the umbrageous banks), were formerly sufficient to terrify explorers, and deter them from even making an attempt.

1.

642. To't-US, whole all. TOTAL'ITY, n. the whole.

;

TO'TAL,

a. entire

(133-1).

During the period of totality, in the eclipse of 1878, there was a fine opportunity to observe the corona of the sun.
1.

643.
1.

Tra'd-o,

I deliver.

Trad'it-um,
war against

to deliver.

2.

TREA'SON, n. disloyalty. BETRAY', v. to disclose.

TRADI'TION, n. that which is transmitted from age to age

TRAI'TOR, n. one

who

levies

who
3).

his country, or adheres to its enemies,

etc.

giving them aid,

(285-

byoralcommunication(358).
1.

against the United States consists only in levying against them, adhering to their enemies, etc."
2.

" Treason
and

war

Hamlet determined not

see if

himself,

to betray his suspicions, but to keep vigil a figure bearing any resemblance to his father would

appear.

644.
1.

Tra'h-o9
v. v.

draw.

Trac't-um,
v.

to draw.

PROTRACT',
DISTRACT',
the

2.

to prolong. to draw away.

to use (222-1). TREAT, TREA'TY, n. a league a cove;

AB'STRACT,

a.

existing (241-2).
a.

in

nant (17-1).

mind only ATTRACTIVE,

DETRACTION,

CONTRACTION,
CONTRACT',
v.

n.

the act of

engaging
slander

lessening (485).
to lessen (60-

(591-1).
n.

2).

(56-2).

POR'TRAIT,
v.

n. likeness (313-1).

EXTRACT',
(134-2).

to

draw out TRACT,

n. district (414-1).

TRAIT, n.. distinguishing characteristic (621). PORTRAY', v. depict (197-1). TRACT' ABLE, a. easily man- TREAT'MENT, n, usage (133-1).

aged (138-2).
1.

2.

ATTRACT' (see page 37). There was no desire in the Berlin Congress to protract the war. A sentry must be vigilant, and allow nothing to distract his at-

tention.

645.

Tranquil'l-us,
n.

tranquil, calm.

TRANQUIL'LITY,

quietness (443).

212
646.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I shake.
a. terrible;

Tre'm-o,

TREMEN'DOUS,

ex-

TREM'ULOUS,

a.

quivering

citing terror (127).

shaking (211-3).

647.
1.

Tres

(tri'a), three.
unimportant.
remark of John

TRIV'IAL,
1.

a. (via,)

During the voyage

Smith's,

was

to Virginia, the most trivial regarded as intrusive by his companions.

648. Trib'u-o, I give.

Tribu't-um,

to give.

ATTRIBUTABLE,
(76-3).

a.

ascribable

KETRiBu'TiON,n.requital; pun-

ishment (584-3).
v.

ATTRIB'UTE,

to ascribe

to

RETRIB'UTIVE,
a.

a.

requiting

impute (7-1). (250-6). CONTRIB'UTE, v. give in com- TRIB'UTARY, mon with others (241-5). (618-1).
DISTEJB'UTE,
(265-1).
v.

contributive

to

dispense TRIB'UTE, n. a tax paid to secure peace (246-4).

649.
1.

Tru'd-o,
v.

I thrust.

Tru's-um,
INTRUSION,

to thrust.
n.

INTRUDE',
selves in.

thrust them-

entrance with-

out right (477-2).

1.

ters
2.

INTRUD'ER, n. one who en- ABSTRUSE', a. difficult to be without right. comprehended (232-1).

v. to thrust out. ABSTRUSE'NESS, n. quality of lNTRu'siVE,a. entering withbeing abstruse (606-2). OBTRUDE' (see page 37). out right (647).

PROTRUDE',

1.

Cuckoos

intrude upon any

intruder.

nest,

whose occupants dare not

ven-

ture to repel the

2.

protrude

In a prairie-dog village, do not be surprised to see a rattlesnake its head from one of the openings.

650. Trie-or, I view; I guard,

guarding.

Tu' it-US,

viewing;

the INTUI'TION, n. immediate per- TUI'TION, n. instruction act of teaching (589-1). ception of truth (625-2).
;

651.
1.

Tu'me-o,

I swell.

Tum'b-a,
ENTOMB',
posit in a

a tomb.
to inter
;

TOMB,

n. sepulchre.

v.

to de-

2.

ENTOMB'MENT,. interment.

tomb

(600).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
CONTUMA'CIOUS,
(623).
a.

213
.

obstinate

CON'TUMEL Y, n. insolence (204)

TU'MID,
a.

swollen; distended;

CON'TUMACY,

n.

contempt of
in India,
is

inflated (211-3).

authority (71-2). 1. The Taj, at Agra,

the world
2.
;

TU'MULT, n. a commotion (661).

probably the most superb

tomb

in

it

cost

3,174,802.
for the

The buildings designed

entombment

of the native princes

of India are marvels of beauty.

652.

Turid-O,

I beat

I bruise.

Tu's-um,
a.

to beat

to bruise.

CoNTu'siON,n. a bruise (124-4). OBTUSE',

|

dull (176).

653.

Tur'b-a,
n.

a crowd

a bustle.

DISTURBANCE,
(180-1).

confusion TUR'BULENCE, n. insubordination (192-1).

IMPERTURBABLE,
PERTURBA'TION,

a.

not to be TuR'BULENT,a.tumultuous(543).

agitated (146-3).
n. agitation of

TROUBLESOME,

mind
654.
1.

(64-5).

a. causing turbance (54-3).

dis-

Tur'g-eo,

I swell.

1.

TUR'GID, a. bombastic. At a time when a turgid

style

was common, Bunyan wrote with

great simplicity.

655.
1.

Tur'r-is, a

tower.

TUR'RET, n. a little tower. 1. A turret placed at the corner

of a building

is

called

an angle-turret.

1.

656. Tfl'tim-US, the last. Ul'tra, beyond. OUT' RAGE, n. gross injury. ULTE'RIOR, a. further (550). UL'TIMATELY, adv. finally ULTIMA'TUM, n. a final propo1.

(92-2). The umbrella was

its

sition (618-1).

unknown

in

England

till

the reign of

Queen

Anne, and then and outrage.

advent in the hands of a

man

subjected

him

to abuse

657.

TTm'br-a,
a.

a shade.

UM'BRAGE,

n. offence (181-2).

UMBRA' GEOUS,

affording a

UMBREL'LA, n. a shade carried in the hand for shelter from

rain or sun (656).

shade; shady (641).

214
658.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a wave.

Urid-a,

ABOUNDS',"^ exists in pro- UN'DULATiNG,a. rising in waves

fusion.

(75-14).
v.

2.

INUN'DATE,

to overflow.
v.

2.

UN'DULATE,
waves.

ABUN'DANCE,n.profusion(107). to rise in SXJPEBABUN'DANCE,W. excessive

abundance (541-1).
a.

REDUN'DANT,
(614).
1.

superfluous ABUN'DANT,

a.

plentiful

fully

sufficient (377-2).

The Californian vulture

abounds

only on the west side of the

Rocky Mountains. 2. Though the Nile

its

rises sufficiently to

inundate

the country, yet

waters are found to

undulate

so little as to be scarcely perceptible.

659. TTrigu-o, I anoint.

1.

Unc't-um,
1.

to anoint.

OINT'MENT,
1.

n. tbat

which

ANOINT',

v.

to

pour oil upon.

(365).

serves to anoint.

UNCT'UOUS,

a. oily

the head with oil or with some precious was, in oriental countries, a mark of special favor.

To

anoint

ointment

660.

U'n-us,
n.
v.

one.

UNITY,
UNITE',

oneness (416-2).
to join (335-2).

UNIVERSAL,

a.

(verto,)

com-

prising the whole (255-1).

U'NIVEKSE, n. (verto,) the UNIVERSALITY, n. (verto,) unlimited whole system of created (65application
things (18-3).
7)-

661. IT't-or, I use.

1.

Ws-iis,

using.
.

USUKP', v. (rapio,) to seize ordinarily(lSO) without right. UTEN'SILS, n. implements (430DISUSE', n. cessation of use 2).
(35-4).

UTii/iTY,w.profitableness(542ill

Us'AGE,n.treatment(133-l). i). U'SUAL, a. common (146-3). ABUSE', n.

1.

treatment (656).

the supreme authority, abolish long established customs, and proclaim himself Emperor, produced a great tumult in Rome.

Vague rumors, that

Caesar intended to

usurp

662. Vac'c-a, a cow.

VACCINA'TION, n. insertion of VAC'CINE, a. relating to a cow vaccine matter (499). (499-1).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
663. Va!c-o, I

215

am

empty.

EVACUA'TION,

n.

the act of

VAC'UUM,

going out (21-6). VACATE', v. to make empty

(97-2).

n. an empty space (some assert there is no such " Nature thing as a vacuum abhors a vacuum.") (55-1).
; ;

664. Va'd-o, I go.

1.

Va's-um,

to go.

EVA'SIVELY, adv. in a man- INVASION, n. entrance with hostile intentions (528-2). ner to avoid a direct reply
or a charge.

EVA'SION, elude (509-3).

n.

an

artifice to

EVADE' (see page 38). INVADE' (see page 38). PERVADE' (see page 38).
did not answer

1. To the question, "Are you a spy?" Nathan Hale evasively 9 but simply said "Yes."

665.
1.

Va'g-US, wandering.
n. fancies.
n.
I

VAGA'RIES,
(66-1).

VAG'ABOND,^. an outcast (2113).

EXTBAV'AGANCE,

excess

VA'GRANT,
3).

a.

wandering (94-

EXTRAVAGANT,^ excessive
(232-2). "Who can account us in our sleep ?
1.

for the strange

VAGUE, a. indefinite (661). vagaries which are apt to delude

666. Va!l-eo 9 I
1.

am

INVAL'ID,
force.

a.

of

Voile, farewell. strong. no legal PEEV'ALENT, a. current (170-

AVAIL' ABLE, a. capable of PREVAIL', v. succeed (266). being used with advantage VALEDIC'TORY,??-. (dico,) a farewell address (543-2). (54-2).

CONVALESCENT,
INVALIDATE,
force of (633).
v.

a.

recover- VAL'IANT,

a.

ing health (168-1).

VAL'ID,

a. of

brave (24-2). legal force (11-5).

a.

lessen the VAL'OR, n. bravery (92-3).

VAL'UABLE,
,

having worth

INVAL'UABLE

a. inestimable

(319-2).

VAL'UE, n. worth (43-2). (168-1). 1. In 1687, Andross determined to declare the Charter of Connecticut invalid, and consolidate the province with New York by an adroit stratagem the Assembly managed to circumvent him.
;

216
667.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
n.

Vdl'l-um,

OIRCUMVALLA'TION,

a rampart a bulwark. a line of defences surrounding the

;

camp

of a besieging

army

(60-2).

668. Var'ic-0,

I straddle.

PREVAB/ICATE,

v.

to equivocate (482).

669. Ve'h-o, I carry.

1.

Vec't-um,
of
4. 5.

to carry.

CONVEX'ITY,

n.

state

2.

bulging out. CON' VEX, a. swelling into a

VE'HICLE, n. a carriage. VEXA'TION, n. irritation.

INVEIGH',
(208).
v.

to rail against

rounded form.
3.

v. to irritate. lNVEc'TiVE,w.reproach(39). To convey the idea of convexity, use the outside of an orange. L. What proofs can you bring to verify the statement, that the surface of the earth is convex ? 3. Few events in Washington's administration seemed to vex him so much as St. Glair's defeat by the Indians none of the excuses served

VEX,

1.

to exonerate St. Clair

from the charge of mismanagement.

4. The jaunting-car of Ireland is a curious vehicle 9 which a voluptuary would not find quite so easy as a palace-car. 5. The numerous failures of Palissy the potter, caused much vex-

ation

to his wife

and family.

670. Vel'l-o 9 I tear.

Vuls-um,
I conceal.

to tear.

CONVUL'SION,

n.

any violent and irregular motion (490).

;

671. Ve'l-O, I cover

1. v.

Vo'lup, agreeably.

2. 2.

DEVEL'OP, VEIL, n. a cover. ENVEL'OP, v. to enclose.

to disclose.

KEVEAL', v. disclose (417-1). REVELA'TION, n. a disclosing of what was hidden (115-1).

to

1. When yellow fever is about aware that other diseases are likely

develop

itself,

physicians are

2.

When

a Moslem

woman
I sell.

to supervene. goes in the street she thinks it necessary

to

envelop
672.

herself in a veil.

Verid-o,
v. sell.

1.

VEND,
i.

12.
I

VE'NAL,

a.

corrupt.

1 VEND'ER,

n. seller.

wares, or to those

In London, the term costermonger who vend articles on the

VENDUE',. an auction (43). is applied to a vender of small

streets.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
2. corrupt sovereign can usually find a character of any one who opposes him.

217
prea
o malign the

venal

673. Ve'ni-o, I come. Verit-um, to come. have signed a 1 CONTRAVENE', v. to contra.

covenant

dict.

(120-2).

AV'ENUE, n. any opening EVENT', n. circumstance (23). by which a place may be EVENT'UALLY, adv. in the issue
reached (688-1). AD'VENT, n. a coming to
(415-1).
;

INVEN'TION,

n.

the making of

appearance (656).

that which did not exist before (35-4).

ADVENTITIOUS, a. accidental (177-5).

SUPERVENE',
v.

v.

to

come upon
extraneous

CIRCUMVENT',

to deceive

as

something

by stratagem (666). (671-1). CONVENTION, n. assembly KEV'ENUE, n. income (11-6). PREVENTIVE, n. that which (94-1). hinders (52-3). CONVENTIONAL, a. sanctioned by usage (543-1). PREVENT', v. to hinder (288-1). VEN'TUR-E, n. to dare (649). INTERVENE' (see page 38). COV'ENANTERS, n. those who CONVENE' (see page 38). 1. The opponents of Galileo (gal-e-lee'-o) tried every method to con/avene his theory, and to convince the people that the sun moved
around the earth.

674.
1
.

Verit-us, VEN'TIL ATE v to

. ,

the wind.
afford free
2.

circulation of air.
1.

or

VENT, n. an opening for any fluid to escape.

air

The

air of a

fect, it is

necessary to

school-room soon becomes impure; to obviate the deventilate the room.

air.

2.

In every mine there should be a vent for the escape of foul

675.
1.

2.

Ver'b-um, a word. VERB A'TIM A word for word. PROV'ERB, common VERB, n. a word which afVERB'AL,
a. oral
;

n.

maxim; an

old,

saying (561-6).

firms.
3.

not writof speech

VER'BIAGE, n. superabundance of words (543-1).

VERBOS'ITY, n. the use of more words than are necessary
(543-2).

ten.

AD' VERB, n. a part

(8-1).

19

218
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
lest,

inadvertence,

Rules and definitions should be studied verbatim, an important error should occur.

by some

2. In acquiring a language, it is necessary to devote much time to the study of the verb. 3. Some verbal changes have taken place, since King James gave us

the present version of the Bible, in 1611.

676. Ve're-or, I fear.

1.

REV'EREND,
reverence.

a.

worthy of IRREV'ERENT,
REVEREN'TIAL,

a.

wanting in
expressing

respect (544-1).
v.

REVERE',

to regard with

a.

fear (50-2). reverence (125-7). 1. The word reverend occurs but once in the Bible "Holy and reverend is his name."

respect and

677.
1.

Ver'g-o,
v.

CONVERGE', each other.

1.

I bend, I incline. tend towards VERGE,

n.

the brink (85-4).

(see

DIVERGE'

page

38).

Lines which diverge in one direction must necessarily converge in the opposite direction and the converse, of course, is true that con;

verging lines must diverge.

678.

Ver'm-is,
n.

a worm.
little

VER'MIN,

noxious

animals, insects, etc. (64-2).

1.

679. Ver't-o, I turn. Ver's-um, to turn. a. not ca- AVER'SION, n. dislike (285-2). IRREVERSIBLE, AD'vERSE,a. calamitous (75-8). pable of being revoked.

1.

2.

ADVER'SITY, n. calamity. CONVERSATION, course (8-1). CON'TROVERSY, n. disputation.

n.

inter-

3.

VERSATILITY,
of turning to

n. capability

CONVERSION, n. radical change of moral character (214-1).

CON'VERSE,
(677).
n.

new

subjects.

4.

lNVERSE'LY,a.inaninverted manner.

which the order

a proposition in is inverted

ADVERSARY,
(618-1).

n.

an enemy CON'TROVERT, v. to oppose in argument (625-1).

DIVORCE', n. dissolution of the marriage contract (43-4).

ADVERTISE',
notice (11-2).

v.

to publish a
n.

ANIMADVER'SION,

(ani-

DIVERSIONS,
(495).

n.

amusements

mus,) censure (625-1).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
DIVERSITY, DIVERSIFY,
n.

219

variety (323).

VERSED,

a. skilled (93-2).

vary (589-1). VER'TICAL, a. directly overhead (576-6). lNADVER'TENCE,n.heedlessness VER'SION, n. translation (675(675-1).
v. to

PERVER'SION,

n. a

wrong

in-

3).

CONVERT' (see page 38). v. changed to an DI'VERSE (see page 38). REVERSED', PERVERT' (see page 38). opposite course (22-2). SUBVERSIVE, a. tending to SUBVERT' (see page 38). ADVERT' (see page 38). overthrow (246-6). n. the point where the AVERT' (see page 38). VER'TEX, lines of an angle meet (20-1). TRAV'ERSE (see page 38).
terpretation (634).
1. Raman, supposing the King's decree to be irreversible, rejoiced Esther, greatly at the adversity he was bringing upon the Jews. after devout supplication to God, revealed the plot to the King, and obtained a complete victory over the wicked Haman.

2.

Henry VIII.

delighted in

controversy ; but
incorrect, his

tain an opinion
3.

which was obviously

as he would mainopponent had no alter-

native but to lapse into silence.

derful
4.

The graphic descriptions in Milton's beautiful versatility of his genius. Light, heat, and gravitation are inversely

epic exhibit the

won-

as the square of the

distance.

680. Ve'r-us,
2).

true.

Ve'rax (vera'cis),
v.

veracious.

VERAc'iTY,n.truthfulness(422- VER'IFY,

to prove to be true

(669-2).
n.

VER'iTABLE,a.genuine(358-l). VER'ITY,
681.

truth (572-2).

Vestig'i-um,
v.

INVESTIGATE,
(410-2).

a footstep. to search into VES'TIGE, n. a trace

a track

or footstep (380-1).

682. Ves't-is, a garment. VEST'URE, n. a robe garments VESTS,

; ;

v.

puts in possession of

dress (505-2).

(522-1).

683. Ve'to, I forbid.

VE'TOED,

v.

said

"
;

I forbid

"

(198-1).

220
684:.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
old
;

Ve't-us (vet'er-is),

ancient.
n.

INVET'ERATE, a. fixed by long VET'ERAN, continuance (148-1). (550).

685. Vi'-a, a way.
DEVIA'TION,
(65-11).
n.

an old soldier

turning aside OB'VIOUSLY,

(679-2).

adv.

evidently

IMPER'VIOUS,
(156-2).

OB'VIATE, v.
OB'VIOUS,
a.

impenetrable PRE'VIOUSLY, adv. in time preceding (94-3). to remove (674-1). VOY'AGE, n. a journey, espea.

evident (140-8).

cially

by water

(44-1).

686. Vici!n-US9 near in place.

VICIN'ITY, n. nearness (576-4).

1.

687. Vi'c-is, change. VIC'AR, n. one deputed to

officer

deputed to exercise

perform the functions of another.

2.

the powers of a sovereign

(234).

VICIS'SITUDE, revolution.

n.

VICE-GE'RENT,
1.

n.

Goldsmith, in the family famous.

" Vicar

change; VICE-PRES'IDENT, n. (sedeo,) one in place of the President an (gero,)

of Wakefield," has

made

the Primrose

2. In every vicissitude of fortune, Margaret, Queen of Henry VI., was consoled by the steady adherence of the House of Lancaster.

688. Vid'e-o, I
1.

see.

Vi's-um,

to see.
n.

SURVEY',

v.

to look over.

PROV'IDENCE,

forethought
intelli-

1.

VIS'TA, n. prospect through (557). an avenue. ADVICE', n.

PROVI'SO, n. exception pro-

counsel

2.

gence (56-5).

vided

for.

PROVIDING, part,

supplying
enact-

EV'IDENCE, n. proof (286-1). (18-1). Ev'iDENT,a. apparent (138- PROVISION,

3).

n. special

ment
a.

(62-2).
a.

INVISIBLE,
(618-2).

not to be seen PRU'DENT,

(140-6).
to

careful

wise

PROVIDE',

v.

to prepare

SUPERVISION,
(557).

n.

oversight

supply (13-1).

LATIN DERIVATIVES.
Vis' AGE, n.
(509).

221

the countenance VIS'IBLE, a. capable of being seen (428-1).

n. appearance (177-1). VIS'ION, n. sight (42-2). To survey the Chapel of Trinity College, England, through the vista formed by a noble avenue of trees, affords one of the finest sights
1.

VIEW,

in Cambridge.
2. The Constitution makes this proviso to the power "That no State shall, without its consent, be deprived of

of
its

amendment
"

vote in the

Senate.

689. Vi'gil, awake watchful. VIG'ILANT, n. attentive to dis- VIG'IL, n. watch abstinence from sleep (643-2). cover and avoid danger
;
;

(644-2).

690. Vi'gor, strength

INVIG'ORATE,
(115-2).
v.

energy.

to strengthen

VIG'OK, n. energy

strength of

mind

or

body

(75-2).

691. Viric-O, I conquer.

1.

Vic't-um,
v.

to conquer.

CONVICT',
guilty.

v.

to

pronounce EVINCE',

to exhibit (585).
a.

INVIN'CIBLE,
v.

unconquerable

2.

VAN'QUISH,

to conquer.

(204-4).

3.

PROV'INCE, n. a country subVIC'TOE, n. conqueror. CONVINCE', v. to persuade ject to a foreign power (22). VIC'TOKY, n. success over an (673).

CONVINCED', p. persuaded
(11-3).

enemy

(321-2).
sacrifice; a person

VIC'TIM,. a
n. belief (54).

CONVIC'TION,
1.

Two

or thing sacrificed (228-2). witnesses to the same overt act are necessary, in the United

States, to
2.

convict a person of treason. From 334 to 324 B. C., Alexander the Great was able to vanquish all who opposed him. 3. The victor in ancient games was crowned with a wreath of laurel.
692.

Virid-ex (viri die-is),

v.

a defender
v.

an avenger

REVENGE',
5).

to vindicate (21n.

VIN'DICATE,
4).

to defend (371-

VEN'GEANCE,
19*

recompense of ViNDic'TiVE,a.revengeful(4514).

evil (228-2).

222
693.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
wine.

Vi'n-um,
a.

ities of
2.

VI'NOUS, having the qual- GRAPE-VINE, n. a climbingwine. plant (56-8). VIN'TAGE, n. the gathering VIN'EGAR, n. (acer,) an acid
liquor (3-1).

of the crop of grapes.

1.

Many

articles besides

grapes have
berries.

vinous
is

qualities

large quanti-

ties
2.

of wine are

made from

The time

of the

vintage

in France

a period of great hilarity..

694. Viola' t-um, to injure.

1.

VI'OLENT, hement.
1.

a.

forcible

ve-

VIOLATION,
(500).

n.

transgression

Care should be taken that gymnastic exercises are not too violent.

1.

695. Vir, a man. VIRA'GO, n. A bold woman.

1.

Xantippe, the wife of Socrates, was a

virago, noted

for

her vul-

garity and voluble tongue.

1.

696. Vir't-US, valor moral goodness. VIR'TUE, n. moral excellence.

;

1.

Cornelia, a

Roman

showed her maternal

affection

matron, noted for her virtue and probity, by exhibiting her sons as her "jewels."

697. Vi'r-us, poison.

VIR'ULENCE,
(489-2).

n.

malignancy VIR'ULENT,
2).

a.

malignant (699-

1.

698. Vi't-O, I shun, I avoid. INEV'ITABLY, adv. unavoid- INEVITABLE,

ably.
1.

a.

unavoidable

(35-8).
follow the occupation of New the British, the patriots hastened to remove all confiscable prop-

Knowing what must inevitably

York by
erty.

699.
1.

Vitr -um,
v.

glass.
2.

VIT'RIFY,
glass.
1.

to convert into

VIT'RIOL, n. sulphuric acid a soluble sulphate of a metal.

glass,

In Scotland, there are old stone enclosures which look like coarse but what has caused the stone to vitrify is not known.

LATIN DERIVATIVES.

223

2. When virulent poisons, such as vitriol 9 arsenic, etc., have been taken in small quantities, a physician may be able to neutralize their

effects.

1.

700. Vi'v-o, I live. VIV'IFY, v. endue with

SURVIVE',
live.
v.

Vitit-um,
life.

to live.

2.

VIC'TUALS, n. food (477-1). to continue to VI'TAL, a. highly important

(629-1).
(185).

CONVIV'IAL,
VIV'ID,
1.

a. festive

VivAc'iTY,n.liveliness (168-1).

a.

lively (173-2).

KEVIVE'

(see

page

39).

quickly, after a long winter, does the returning sun disperse the clouds and gloom, and vivify the face of nature.
2.

How
Few

rigors of

persons from a southern latitude are likely an Arctic winter.

call.

to

survive

the

701. Vo'c-o, I
1.

Voca!t-nm 9
ut-

to call.

ters
2.

VOCIF'ERATES, PROVOKE', v. to irritate (121-1). with a loud voice. PROVOCATION, n. cause of resentment (204-4). INVOKE', v. to ask solemnly.
v. (fero,)

AD'VOCATE,
(64-5).

n.

pleader VOCAB'ULARY, n. a dictionary a list of words (139-3).

a.

AVOCA'TION,
(140-7).

n.

employment VO'CAL,
n.

relating to the voice

(94-2).

CONVOCATION,
bly (22-2). EQUIV'OCAL,

an assem- VOCA'TION,. business (319-2). VOICE, n. sound uttered by the

(aequus,)

a.

mouth
(43-1).

(42-2).
a.

ambiguous (608-1). n. INVOCATION,

(462).

VOCIF'EROUS,

(fero,)

noisy

prayer

VOW'EL,
a.

n.
v.

a letter (321-1).
to repeal (140-7).

IRREVOCABLE,
1.

not cap- REVOKE',

able of being repealed (64-5).

"

(see page 39). Before making a proclamation in court, a crier vociferates, three
"
"

CONVOKE'

times,
2.

meaning oyez" attend. Rev. Mr. Duche, appointed by the First Congress to
yes
;

invoke

the

blessing of God upon the American cause, was so afraid of being considered an insurgent that he fled to Nova Scotia.

702. Vo'l-o, I

fly.
;

Vola't-um,
easily

to fly.
n.

VOL'ATILE,

a.

fickle

VOL'LEY,
(438-1).

a flight of shot

evaporated (124-1).

224

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I

703. Vo'l-o,
1.

will;

desire,

Volurit-as,

will;

desire.

BENEV'OLENCE,

n.

(bene,)

2.

MALEVOLENCE,
ill-will.

n. (malus,)

desire to do good.
1.

VOL'UNTARY,

a.

without

VOLUNTEERS',

n.

voluntary

soldiers (30-1). compulsion. 1. The benevolence of Regulus and his voluntary return to Cartnage, have immortalized him in Roman history. 2. Such was the malevolence of Cato, towards Carthage, that every " Carthage must be destroyed." speech on the subject ended with

704.

Volup't-as,
a.

pleasure.

VOLUP'TUOUS,

devoted to VOLUP'TUARY, n. one who is and pleasure (124-1). devoted to pleasure (669-4). luxury
I roll.

705. Vol'v-o,
1.

Volu't-um,
'

to roll.

2.

an entire EVOLVE', v. to roll out; pro- KEVOLU'TION, duce disclose. change in government (11VOL'UME, n. a book. 6). INVOLVES', v. implies, im- VOL'UBLE, a. fluent in speech
;

plicates (170-4). KEVOLT', v. to renounce al-

(695).

KEVOLVE',

v.

move round a

centre (576-2). legiance (246-5). 1. It is interesting to go into a factory and watch the workmen, as they evolve the beautiful white paper from rags. 2. We call a book a volume , although it is no longer a roll.

706. Vo'ro, I devour.

1.

OMNIV'OROUS,

a.

(omnis,)

VORAC'ITY,

n.

greediness of

eating everything. DEVOURED', v. ate up greedily (177-4).

1.

appetite (451-1). GARNI V'OROUS, a. (caro,) eat-

Man

is

omnivorous;

this is

ing flesh (249-1). shown by the shape of the

teeth.

1.

707. Vo've-o, I vow. Vo't-um, to vow. VO'TARY, n. one devoted to DEVOTE', v. to give up wholly

some particular
2.

object.

(675-2).

AVOWED',^. declared openly. DEVOTEE', n. one cated (305-1). DEVOUT', a. earnest and sol-

who

is

dedi-

emn

(679-1).

VOTE,

n. suffrage (688-2).

REVIEW OF
1.

ROOTS.
was subject

225
to attacks

Queen

Elizabeth, the

votary

of pleasure,

of the deepest melancholy.

2. In 1776, the Marquis de Lafayette avowed his determination to espouse the cause of the American Colonies.

708.

DIVULGE',
(167).

Vul'g-US, the common people. v. to make known VUL'GAKISM,W. vulgarity

1).

(179-

VUL'GAR,
709.
1.

a.

common

(75-12).

VULGARITY, n. grossness (695).

a wound.
a.

Vul'n-us (vul'ner-is),
a.

INVUL'NERABLE, pable of being wounded.

1.

not ca- VUL'NERABLE,

in order to render

capable of
(618-1).

being wounded

The mother of Achilles, dipped him in the river Styx.

him invulnerable,

710.

Vul'tur, a
n.

vulture.

VUL'TUBE

a ravenous and carnivorous bird (658-1).

REVIEW OF ROOTS.
25.
tion.
5.
1.

Acidulate.
6.

2.

Centennial.
7.

Cogent.

Coalesce.

3. Pusillanimous. Preamble. 8. Anguish.

4. Acetifica9.

Ancient.

12. Cogitate. 13. Enemy. 14. Acerbity. 16. Pilgrims. 15. Inimical. 17. Agile. 18. Litigious. 19. Navigable. 21. Amplification. 22. Inalienable. 20. Aperture. 23. Centennial. 25. Acrid. 24. Unanimity.
10.

Acumen.

11. Adulation.

efice.

Terraqueous. 2. Coerce. 3. Aviary. 4. Inertia. 5. BenAdapt. 7. Argentiferous. 8. Arbitrament. 9. Exercise. 10. 12. Obedience. 13. Auspices. Articles. 11. Arduous. 14. Author. 15.

50.

1.

6.

Arboriculture.
ties.

16.

Armada.
21.

20.

Audience.

17. Benign. 18. Belligerent. 19. AtrociAudacious. 22. Auriferous. 23. Aqueduct.

24.

Arson.
1.

25. Adulterate.

75.
6.

Charms.
7,

2.

Decisive.
8.

3.

Scald.

4.

Boil.

5.

Incensed.

Bounty. 9. Imbibed. 10. Abbreviate. 11. 12. Suicide. 13. Eecipe (re'-ci-pe). Calamitous. 14. Cherished. 15. 16. Ceaseless. 18. Barbarous. 17. Armament. 19. AuxilPrecipice.
Incident.
Biscuit.
iary.
20. Exercise. 21.

Aviary.

22. Authority.

23. Incentive.

24.

Ancestor.

25. Peregrinations.

226
100.
cinerate.
cinct.
1.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
4.
9.

5.

2. Centennial. 3. Celebration. Discriminating. Disconcert. 6. Cloister. 7. Concern. 8. Ascertain.

InSuc14.

10. Chart.
15. Civic.

11. Clinical.
16.

12. Seclusion.

13. Clandestinely.

Clarion.
19.

Enmity.

Quadrangle. 17. Arduous. 18. Exaggeration. 21. Exigency. 20. Coerce. 22. Agrarian. 23. Alterca25. Concise.
2.

tion.

24. Inert.
1.

150.
Recourse.

Render.

6.

Condemn.

7.

3. Digit. Codicil.

Dentifrice.
8.

4.

Cultivate.

9.

Contradictory. 5. Dial. 10. Incre14. Pro18. Cru-

12. Discouragement. 13. Corollary. 11. Corpulency. dulity. 16. Recriminate. 15. Discrepancy. 17. Proxy. crastination.

sade.

19. Decennial.

20. Dictates.

21. Indicate.

22.

Predominate.

23. Divination.

24. Sinecure.
2.

25. Cruel.
3.
8.

200.
5.

1.

Festival.
6. Pontiff.

Fallacious.

7.

Sobriety. Preface.
12.

Equilibrium.
Confederacy.
13.
9.

4.

Ambient.
14.

Extraneous.

10. Conduit.
dole.

11. Domicile.

Dormitory.

Domineer.

Con19.

15. Indomitable.

16. Fatal.

Sample.

21. Fanatic. 20. Strange. 25. Deign. Pestiferous.

18. Familiar. 17. Edacity. 23. Affability. 22. Fierce.

24.

2. Granite. 3. Glutton. 4. Degree. 5. Primo1. Effigy. 250. 9. Flagrant. 8. Fratricide. 6. Generated. 7. Perfumery. geniture. 10. Flexible. 11. Fluctuate. 12. Confute. 13. Fictitious. 14. Feigned.

15. Fixed.

16. Efflorescence.

17. Fruition.

18. Comfort.

19. Fossils. 24. Florid.

20. Irrefragable. 25. Funeral.

21. Agree.

22. Gesture.

23. Effluvium.

300.
trinsic.

1.

Hosts.

2.
7.

Cite.

3.

Rejuvenescence.
9.

4.

Fine.

5.

In11.

6.

Isolated.

Host.

8. Grief.

Hesitate.

10.

Govern.

Horrible.
16. Joke.

12. Inanition.

17. Prolix.

13. Adjacent. 14. Conjure. 15. Injurious. 18. Collateral. 19. Dilate. 20. Lachrymal. 21.

Collapse.

22. Dejection.
1.

23. Itinerant.

24. Imitation.
3.

25. Egregious.
4.
9.

350.
5.

Dialects.
6.

2.

Merchandise.
7.

Reminiscence.
8.

Maritime.
Soliloquy. 14. Deliv19.

Circumlocution.

Lunatic.

Heir.

Emanate,

ery.

13. Alleviate. 12. Mercenary. 10. Allegiance. 11. Relief. 18. Medical. 15. Relinquish. 16. Malicious. 17. Remain. 20. Permeate. 25.

Premeditated.
24. Efficacious.

21. Relic.

22. Ludicrous.

23. Professed.

Locomotion.

26. Deliberation.

400.
5.

Deny. mount.
noitring.
tical.

4. Nuptials. 3. Eminent. 2. Immigration. Maladministration. 7. Misery. 8. Moribund. 9. Para13. Recon12. Multifarious. 10. Summon. 11. Nudity.
1.

Litigious.

6.

14. Diminish.

15. Promiscuous. 19.

16.

Ammunition.

17.

Nau-

Equinoctial. Meandering. 22. Matter.

18.

21. Supernumeraries. 23. Admonish. 24. Municipal. 25. Musician.

Nefarious.

20.

REVIEW OF ROOTS.
450.
6.
1,

227
4. Oriental.
5.

Ocular.
7.

2.

Enunciation.
8.

3.

Adult.

Peer.

Impediment. 9. Penitence. 10. Peculate. 13. Expansion. 12. Particle. 14. Reparation. 11. Impatient. 15. Ordinary. 16. Exonerate. 17. Redolent. 18. Omnipotent. 19. Ornate.
Circuit.

Enumerate.

20. Oval.
sate.

21. Peroration.

22. Exorbitant.

23. Obsolete.

24.

Compen-

25. Oblivion.
1.

500.
ment.
5.

Pulverization.
6.

2.

Punctuate.
7.

3.

Accomplice.
8.

4.

Comple9.

Plebeian.

Complacence.

Deplorable.

Potentate.

Competition.

priety. trian. 18. Impunity. 22. Explosion. tory.

10. Preposterous. 11. Deprecate. 12. Prove. 13. Pro14. Repugnant. 15. Petulant. 16. Pomological. 17. Pedes-

23.

19. Pusillanimity. 20. Implacable. 21. ExpiaPontoon. 24. Publish. 25. Comprehend.
2.

550.
ary.
5.

1.

Acquiesce.

Multifarious.

3.

Insatiable.

4.

Sanguin-

Risible.

6. Sagacious. Amputation. 7. Inquisitive. 8. Abrogate. 9. 10. Corroborate. 13. Rotation. 11. Eradicate. 12. Irradiate.

14. Coy.

15.

Raving.

16.

Abrasion.

20. Irrigate. 19. Surreptitious. 21. Erudite. 24. Sacrilege. 25. Saccharine. sage.

18. Reason. 17. Incorrigible. 22. Rusticate. 23. Pre-

600.
tant.
9.
5.

1.

Consternation.
6.

2.

Dissemination.
7.

3.

Assimilate.

Subservient.

Disconsolate.

Obsequious. 4. Ex8. Asseveration.

12. Inscrutable. 13. 10. Dissertation. 11. Assiduous. Subsidiary. 15. Sinister. 16. Sociable. 14. Sexagenarian. Secular. 17. Solvency. 18. Sordid.

23.

Sound.

24. Specie.

20. Extinct. 19. Expatiate. 25. Solar.

21. Strain.

22. Desperado.

2. Perspicuity. 1. Extirpation. 3. Determination. 4. Tui8. Contiguous. Extortion. 6. Sustenance. 9. 7. Temporal. 12. Insurrection. Suicidal. 10. Destructive. 13. 11. Supercilious.

650.

tion.

5.

Strenuous.
Intrusive.

18. Extensive.

14. Assuage. 16. Entirely. 17. Contingent. 15. Dissuade. 21. Intestate. 20. Detriment. 19. Tantamount. 22.

23.
1.

Tomb.

24.

Conterminous.
2.

25. Pertinacity.

710.
brage.
5.

3. Redundant. 4. UmValedictory. Imperturbable. 8. Invigorate. 6. Avocation. 9. Virulent. 7. Impervious.

Equivocal. Prevalent.
18.

10. Ventilate.

11.

Envelop.
20.

12.

Contumaciousness.
21. Invulnerable.

13.

14. Universal.

15. Veritable.

16. Subversive.

17. Revere.
22.

Abuse.

19. Vaccination.

Unctuous.
25.

Vindictive.

23.

Avow.

24.

Survey.

Voyage.

III.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
I.

GREEK ALPHABET.
Alpha Beta
a b

a
6

B /? ry A 6 E e
Z
I
TI

Gamma
Delta
Epsilon Zeta

g
d
6 short.
.

H
1
1

Eta Theta
Iota

e long.

th
i

K A

x A
fj,

Kappa Lambda

k or
1

c.

M
N
S

Mu Nu

...

.....

m
n
x
6 short.

Xi Omicron
Pi (pi)

n
2 T
4>

TT

p
r
s
t

P p
er,

Rho
final c

Sigma
Tail

TV
Q

Upsilon

u or y

Xx *^
Q w

Phi Chi

ph
(ki)

ch
ps

Psi (psi)

Omega

6 long.
228

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
II.

229

SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS.

is

1. Gamma (y) is always hard, like g in get; ge, the earth, not pronounced^; gy'-ne, a woman, g hard, noijy-ne.

2. When two #'s occur in a Greek word, they are represented in English by ng or ngg ; thus, ayy*M.o, aggello, is written in English angello; ayyatov, aggeion, is written angion.

3. Epsilon () English by e.

is

always short

it

can be represented in

4. 5.

Eta

(iff)

is

always long;

it

can be represented by
c
;

e.

Kappa

(*)

was formerly rendered by

it is

now

fre-

quently represented by the English k. Kappa is always pronounced hard, like k; centron and kentron, for xtvtpov, the
centre, are

pronounced

alike.

6.
7.

Upsilon (yoop'si-lon) (v) can be written either

or y.

The

root of cycle can be written Jcyklos, Jcuklos, cyclos, or

cuclos.

sounded like k

8. Chi (%) is represented in English by ch, and is always hence, in Greek derivatives, ch is generally
;

hard, chronol'ogy (kro)

archaeology (arke-ol'-o-gy).

9. Ai and ei are pronounced in Greek like i in ice; these vowels are sometimes rendered into English by i cheir, chir, the hand daimon is rendered by daemon and demon. Pupils should carefully note these differences, and if a word is not
;
;

found under one spelling, search for

10. There
tion or

it

under another.

is no h in Greek. In a Greek word, the aspirasound of h is indicated by an inverted comma, thus, the comma over epsilon shows that it Irtfa, hepta, seven must be pronounced hepta. The root of cathedral can be
;

either edra or hedra.

When

the root does not

commence

with A, it gives to the prefix the form of cath. So the prefix epi has the form eph, if emera instead of hemera is the root
of ephemeral.
11. Ou, as in akou'o, is 20

pronounced

like count.

230

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Greek words.

12. Different forms of

one.

En, Hen, Odoys, Odous, a tooth. Ekeo, I dwell, or from OiJcos, a house.
I

Eu, Ev, good, well. Economic from Eceo,

Diaphanous, Phaino,
is

or Pheno, Phano, to appear. With careful study, it Ikon, Icon, an image. to recognize these various forms.

make appear,

Eikon, Eicon, not difficult

III.

PREFIXES DERIVED FROM THE GREEK.

or
;

1.

An

of feeling which reverse the

Apathy, want signifies want of, without, not. Anomalous, not regular. Affixes such as A or An,

meaning of the

root, giving the

word a

contrary sense, are termed "privative"

This prefix is probably Arabic, and is 2. Al signifies the. found in but few words, Alchemy, Alcoran (al-ko-rawn' or
al ko-ran), 3.
r

Almanac,

etc.

Amphi

signifies both,

on all

sides, double.
;

Amphibious,

capable of living both on land and in water Amphitheatre, a theatre on all sides. The Latin prefix Ambi (ambo, both,)
is

sometimes used with a Greek

root.

Ambilogy, ambiguous

discourse.
4. Ana signifies through, up, back, again. Analysis, a loosing Anchorthrough, a resolving bach into its constituent parts. one who withdraws ite, Anchoret, or Anach'oret, a hermit from the world.
;

5.

Anti or Ant

signifies opposite

to,

against.

Antarctic, oppo-

site to

the Arctic regions.

to ours.

Antipodes, the people whose feet

are opposite
6.

Apo

or

Ap

signifies from, off,

away.

in a planet's orbit farthest from the sun. falls away from a cause or belief.
7.

Aphelion, the point Apostate, one who

Cata
to.

(for

Kata) or Cat

signifies

down, from side

to side,

relating

Catarrh, a flowing down.

Cathedral, the head

GREEK DERIVATIVES.

231

church in a diocese, from which rules and regulations come down. Catholic, relating to the whole.
8.

Dia or Di

signifies through, apart.

through.

Diaeresis,

Diameter, measure a placing apart in two syllables what

might be united in one.

9.

EC

(for

going
10.

out.

Ek), Ex, or E signifies out, from. Exodus, a Enervate, to take the nerve (or strength) from.

En

many.
11.

or Em signifies in, on. Encyclical, intended for Emphasis, a stress of the voice on a word.

Epi or Ep signifies upon, after, for. people. Ephemeral, lasting for a day.
after a play.

Epidemic, upon the Epilogue, a poem

12. 13.

Hemi

(abbreviation of Hemisus, half,) signifies half.

signifies above, over, beyond.

Hyper

Hyperbole, a shoot-

ing above or beyond the mark.

14.

Hypercritical, over critical.

Hypo

or

Hyp

signifies under.

Hypothesis, a placing

under; a supposition.
15. Kata,

See Gata.
or

16.

Meta

Met

signifies after, beyond, according

to.

Meta-

physics, the science of

mind (beyond

or after physics).

a song

17. Para, par, or pa signifies beside, like, similar. Parody, like or in imitation of another. Palsy, paralysis.

Paraselene, a

mock moon.
Perimeter, the measure round, the

18. Peri, round, about. circumference.

19. Pro signifies before.

Prologue, a

poem spoken

before a

play

a preface.
Semitone, half'a tone.

eter, half

20. Semi signifies half. a diameter.

21. Syn, Syl,

Semi-diam-

signifies with, together. Syntax, System, a standing together ; an assemblage of objects arranged according to some distinct method.

Sym, or Sy

placing together.

232

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
IV.

SUFFIXES.

The

suffixes in

in the Latin.

Greek derivatives are generally the same as few, used principally with Greek roots, are
list

not included in the

1.

of suffixes, page 39.

Ac

signifies

of,

moniac, belonging

to

a demon.

belonging, relating, or pertaining to. Cardiac, of the heart.

De-

who or the person that; pertaining to, like, Gnostic, one of an early sect in the Christian Church. This suffix is also found Cynic, one who is surly, like a dog. in a few Latin derivatives formed from adjectives. Rustic,
2. Ic signifies one

made of.

one

who

lives in the country.

signifies in chemistry, the electro-negative element in

3.

Ide

a binary combination. As it is the last syllable it should not be changed to id, yd, or yde.
4. Isk signifies small.
in printing for reference.

of Acide, Fr.,

Asterisk, a

little

star, thus, *,

used

5. Ism, Asm, or Sm signifies state or quality of being, idiom; doctrine or doctrines of; ing. Enthusiasm, state of being enthusiastic. Atheism, the doctrine that there is no God.

6. Ite (from JJithos, stone,) signifies stone.

ite, quartzite, etc.,

Melanite, selen-

minerals.

Ite and Ate are also used in chemistry. Salts of sulphuric acid are called sulphates, salts of sulphurous acid are called sulphites; of nitric acid, nitrates, and of nitrous acid, nitrites.

V.
1.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
pain.
;

Ach'os,

&.CHE, to be in pain
2.

a continued pain.
brother.

Adel'pTlOS, a

POLYADEL'PHIA, a class of plants having their stamens united in three or more bodies by the filaments. TKIADELPH'OUS, (tria,) having stamens joined by their filaments into three bundles.
3.

Aer,

the

air.

A'EKOLITE,

(lithos,)

a meteoric stone.
sails in
;
;

A'ERONAUT, (nauta,) one who

the

air.

AE'BIAL, belonging to the air high lofty. AE'EIE, (e'ry or a'ry,) the nest of a bird of prey, as of an eagle.
4.

Ago,

I lead.

Ago'geus,

a leader.

PARAGO'GE, the addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word. SYN'AGOGUE, a place where Israelites meet for worship.
5.

Agon,

a combat.

AG'ONY, violent pain. ANTAGONIST, one who contends with another.

a public place an assembly. a figurative discourse, implying something not literally expressed. CAT'EGORY, a series of ideas a class. 233 20*
6.

Ag'ora,

AL'LEGORY,

(allos, another,)

234
7.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
near Athens, where Plato taught
a

Akdcle'mia, a grove

philosophy. ACAD'EMY, a society for the promotion of science or art place of education.

ACADEM'IC, relating to an academy.

8.

Akou'o,

I hear.

ACOUS'TICS, (a-kow'stiks,) the science which treats of sound.

9.

Ak'ron,
;

end, summit.

ACROP'OLIS, (polis,) the upper or higher part of a Grecian city the citadel of a town.
ACROS'TIC, (stichos,) a
lines

poem make up some word.

pain.

of

which the

first letters

of the

10.

Algos,

CARDIAL'GIA, (kardia,) an uneasy sensation in the stomach the heart-burn.

CEPH'ALALGY, (kephale,) the headache.

11.

AllaxUs,

a change.

PAR'ALLAX, the difference between the true and apparent place of a heavenly body.
each other. 12. Alle'lon,, one another PAR'ALLEL, equally distant in every part having the same
;

direction.

PARALLELOGRAM, (gramma,) a
sides are parallel.

quadrilateral whose opposite

PARALLELOPI'PED, (pedon, a plane,) a solid figure contained under six parallelograms, of which the opposite ones are
equal and parallel.
13.

Al'phd,

the

first letter

in the Greek alphabet.

ALPHABET'ICALLY,
14.

(beta,) in alphabetic order.

Ariemos,

the wind.
to

ANEMOM'ETER, (metron,) an instrument

strength of the wind. ANEM'ONE, the wind-flower
;

ascertain

the

the ranunculus.
of the winds.

ANEMOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) a description

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
15.

235

An'er,

an'dros, a

man.
;

a helper one who wards off. ALEXAN'DER, ANDROPH'AGOUS, (phago,) inclined to cannibalism. TRIAN'DRIAN, (tria,) having three distinct and equal stamens in the same flower.
(alexeo, I help,)

16. Ange!llo9 I bring tidings. AN'GEL, a messenger, a spirit. AEGEAN' GEL, (arche,) an angel of the highest order. EVAN'GELIST, (eu,) a writer of the history of our Saviour. EVANGEL'ICAL, (eu,) according to the Gospel.
17. AritJlOS, a flower. AN'THER, the tip of a stamen in a flower. ANTHOL'OGY, (logos,) a collection of flowers or poems. POLYAN'THUS, (poly,) a plant with flowers in clusters.

18.

Anthro'pos,
body.

a man.

ANTHROPOL'OGY,

(logos,) the science of the structure of the

human

ANTHROPOPH'AGI, (phago,) man-eaters, cannibals. MISAN'THROPY, (misos,) hatred of mankind. PHILANTHROPY, (philos,) love of mankind.
19.

Atfche,

the beginning

government.

AN'ARCEY, want

qf government, political confusion. ARCH^EOL'OGY, (logos,) the science or knowledge of antiquities.

AR'CHAISM, an ancient phrase. AR'CHETYPE, (typos,) the original a model. AR'CHIVES, records a place for keeping records. HEP'TARCHY, (hepta,) a sevenfold government. HIERARCHY, (hieros,) order or rank of celestial beings
; ;

eccle

siastical

government.
sole ruler.

MON'ARCH, (monos,) a sovereign; a

PA'TRIARCH, (pater,) the ruler of a family or a church,

20.

ArKtOS,

a bear

the north.

ARC'TIC, northern.

ANTARCTIC, relating

to the south pole

southern.

236
21.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
noblest
;

Arts' tOS,

best.
;

ARISTOC'RACY, (kratos,) government by the nobles the nobility or higher classes.

ARIS'TOCRAT, (kratos,) one who favors aristocracy.

22.

Arith'mos, number.

ARITH'METIC, the science and art of numbers. LOG'ARITHMS, (logos,) a series of numbers in arithmetical progression, corresponding to another series in geometrical
progression.
23.

Aro'ma, aro'mata,

spices.

ARO'MA, the fragrant principle in plants. AROMAT'ICS, fragrant spices.

24.

As'keo,

I practise, I cultivate.
;

ASCET'IC, a devout recluse

25.

a hermit.

As'tron,

a star.

AS'TERISK, a star or mark in printing, as *. AS'TEKOID, (eidos,) a name given to certain small planets. AS'TRAL, starry belonging to the stars.
;

ASTROL'OGY, (logos,) the pretended science of foretelling by

the stars.

ASTRON'OMY, (nomos,) the science which treats of the heavenly

bodies.

DISAS'TER, misfortune, calamity.

26.

Ath'los, combat,

struggle.
;

ATHLET'IC, strong of body

27.

vigorous.

Afmos,

vapor

air.

AT'MOSPHERE, (sphaira,) the air which encompasses the earth. ATMOSPHER'IC, (sphaira,) belonging to the atmosphere.
28.

Au!lO8,

a pipe.

HYDRAU'LICS, (hydor,) the science which treats of the motion

and

force of fluids.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
29.

237

Aufheriteo,

I authorize.
;

AUTHEN'TIC, having authority genuine. AUTHENTIC'ITY, genuineness authority.

;

30.

Au'tOS,

one's

self.

AUTOBIOG'RAPHY,

(bios,

grapho,) the

life

of a person written

by himself.
AU'TOCRAT, (kratos,) an absolute monarch, a ruler. AU'TOGRAPH, (grapho,) one's own hand- writing. AUTON'OMY, (nomos,) self-government. AU'TOPSY, (opsis,) ocular demonstration.
31.

Axio'ma,
Bal'lo.

maxim

a plain truth.

AX'IOM, a self-evident truth.

32. 33.

See Bol'eo.
balm, fragrant ointment.

BdVsamon,
; ;

BALM'Y, fragrant soothing. BAL'SAM, a shrub a soothing ointment. EMBALM', to preserve from decay to fill with aromatics.
;

34.

Bap' to,

I dip

I wash.

ANABAP'TIST, one who holds the doctrine that adults only should be baptized.
BAP'TIST, one opposed to infant baptism. BAPTIZE', to administer the sacrament of baptism. PEDOBAP'TISM, (paidos,) the baptism of infants.
35.

Ba'ros,

weight.

BAROM'ETER, (metron,) an instrument for measuring the weight of the atmosphere. BAR'OSCOPE, (skopeo,) an instrument to show the weight of the
atmosphere.

BAR'YTONE, (tonos,) noting a grave, deep sound.

king. BASIL'ICA, a hall or court of justice
of a king.

36.

Ba'sileus, a

originally the palace

238

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

BASIL'ICON, a salve, an ointment. BAS'ILISK, a fabulous serpent; a large piece of ordnance.

37. Bo! sis, that on which anything stands. BASE, the bottom the foundation. DEBASE', to lower, to degrade.
;

38.

Be'td, the second

letter of the

Greek alphabet.

AL'PHABET, (alpha,) the

letters of a language.
;

39. Bib'los, inner bark

a book.

BI'BLE, the sacred scriptures.

BIBLIOG'RAPHER, (grapho,) one skilled in the knowledge of

books.

BIBLIOMA'NIA, (mania,) a rage for possessing rare and curious

books.

BIBLIOP'OLIST, (poleo,) a bookseller.

BIBLIOTHE'CAL, (theke,) belonging to a library.

40. Bi'os,
life.

AMPHIB'IOUS, having the power of living in two elements. BIOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the history or account of a life.
BIOL'OGY, (logos,) the science of life. CEN'OBITE, (koinos, common,) a monk
nity.

who

lives in a

commu-

41.

Blap'tO,

I hinder

I injure.
;

BLASPHEME', (phano,) to speak impiously of God to curse. BLAS'PHEMY, (phano,) indignity offered to God by words or
writing.

42.

Bol'eo,

or

Bal'lo,

I cast or

throw.
outrageously

DIABOL'ICAL, (diabolus, the devil,) atrocious; wicked. EM'BLEM, a symbol or type.

HYPER'BOLA, a section of a cone. HYPER'BOLE, a rhetorical figure which represents things greater or less than they really are. PAR' ABLE, a similitude an allegory.
;

PARAB'OLA, one of the conic

sections.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.

239

PARAB'OLOID, (eidos,) the solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis.

PROB'LEM, a question proposed for solution.

PROBLEM AT'ICAL,

uncertain, questionable.

SYM'BOL, a sign, an emblem. SYM'BOLIZE, to have a resemblance of qualities.

43.

Botfane, an herb

a plant.

BOTAN'ICAL, relating to plants. BOT'ANY, the science which treats of plants.

the throat, the wind-pipe. BRON'CHIAL, belonging to the throat.
44.

Brorichos,

BRONCHI'TIS, (bron-ki'tis,) an inflammation of the bronchial

membrane. BRON'CHOCELE, (kele,) a tumor in the throat. BRONCHOT'OMY, (tomos,) the operation of cutting the windpipe.

45.

Bou'Ttolos, a shepherd.

BUCOL'IC, a pastoral poem.

46. CTld'os, a confused mass.

CHAOT'IC, confused
47.

resembling chaos.
;

CJiara'ltter, a mark

a stamp
;

CHARACTERIZE,
or token.

to give character to

to

peculiar disposition. mark with a stamp

48.

Cha'ris, char' it os,

; ;

love

joy; grace.

CHAR'ITABLE, kind benevolent. CHAR'ITY, love liberality to the poor. EU'CHARIST, (eu,) the act of giving thanks; the Lord's Supper.
49.

Cheir,

the hand.
;

CHIROG'RAPHY, (grapho,) style of writing

penmanship. CHIROL'OGY, (logos,) talking by manual signs. CHIRUR'GEON, (ergon,) a surgeon. SUR'GEON, (ergon,) one who cures by manual operations.

240
50.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a fictitious monster.
;

Chimai'ra,
bile.

CHIMER'ICAL, imaginary
61.

fanciful.

Chol'e,

CHOL'ER, anger; rage. CHOL'ERA-MOR'BUS, (morbus,) a painful disease connected with

the biliary organs.

CHOI/ERIC, irascible

MEL'ANCHOLY, (melan,)
spirits.

easily provoked. a. dejected in spirits; n. dejection of

62.

Chor'de, a

string, a chord.
;

CHORD, the string

;

of a musical instrument

a right line join-

ing the extremities of an arc. CORD, a rope a sinew.

CORD' AGE, a collection of cords.

63.

Cho'reo,

I retire.

ANCH'ORITE, a hermit.
64.

Chris'tOS, anointed.

AN'TICHRIST, the great enemy of Christianity. CHRISM, consecrated oil.

CHRIST, The Anointed; The Messiah. CHRIS'TENDOM, the countries inhabited by Christians
the

whole body of Christians. CHRIST/MAS, (maessa, a feast,) the

66.

festival of Christ's nativity.

Chro'ma,

color.

ACHROMAT'IC, free from color, (as an achromatic lens.) CHROMAT'IC, relating to colors proceeding by the smaller
;

in-

tervals (semitones) of the musical scale.

56.

Chrorios,

time.

ANACH'RONISM, an error in computing time. CHRON'IC, continuing a long time relating to time.
;

CHRONOL'OGY,

(logos,)

the

science of

computing dates or
for

periods of time.

CHRONOM'ETER, (metron,) an instrument

measuring time.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
ISOCH'RONOUS,
(isos,)

241

performed in equal times.

of

SYNCHRONISM, concurrence
57.

two or more events

in time.

Chry'sos,

gold.

CHRYS'ALIS, the form into which the caterpillar of the butterfly, and some other insects, passes before they become winged. CHRYSAN'THEMUM, (anthos,) a genus of plants, many of which
bear yellow flowers. CHRYS'OLITE, (lithos,) a precious stone.
58.

Chy'los, the

nutritive juice
digestion.
in the

like

milk formed by

CHYLE, a milky juice formed

stomach by digestion.
is

CHYLIFICA'TION, (L. facio,) the process by which chyme converted into chyle.
59.

Chy'mos,

fluidity; juice..

AL'CHYMY, an ancient science which proposed the transmutation of metals into gold. CHEM'ISTRY, the science which shows the nature and properties
of bodies.

60.

Dai'mon,

spirit.

DEMO'NIAC, belonging to demons. DEMONOL'OGY, (logos,) a treatise on demons.

PANDEMO'NIUM, (pan,) the great hall or council chamber demons or evil spirits.
61.

of

Daltftylos, a

finger

a measure.

DAC'TYL, a poetic foot. DACTYLOL'OGY, (logos,) the art of conversing by the hands.

PACHYDAC'TYLOUS, (pachys,) having thick

62.

toes.

Dam'ao,

I tame.

AD'AMANT,
hardness.

a stone imagined

by some

to be of impenetrable

ADAMAN'TINE, very hard

solved.

disincapable of being broken or

DI'AMOND, the hardest and most valuable of

21

all

the gems.

242
63.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I take in
;

Dech'omai,

I receive.

PAN'DECT, (pan,) a digest or collection of civil law. SYNEC'DOCHE, a figure by which a part is taken for the whole, or the whole for a part.
64.

DeKa,

ten.

DEAN, an

ecclesiastical dignitary subordinate to the bishop, formerly set over ten.

DEC'ADE, the sum or number of ten. DEC'AGON, (gonia,) a plane figure having ten sides. DEC'ALOGUE, (logos,) the ten commandments given by God to Moses on Mt. Sinai, and written on two tables of stone.
DECAP'OLIS, (polls,) a country of Palestine.

UNDEC'AGON, (L. unus, one gonia,) a figure with eleven angles, and consequently of eleven sides. DECAM'ETER, (metron,) ten French meters; 393.71 in.
;

the people. DEM'AGOGUE, (agogeus,) a leader of the people; a factious

65.

De'mos,

orator.

ENDEM'IC, peculiar to a country. EPIDEM'IC, affecting great numbers.

NICODE'MUS, (nike,) king of Bithynia.

66.

Der'ma,

the skin.

EPIDER'MIS, the cuticle or scarfskin of the body.

67.

Des'potes, one who

;

rules as a master over slaves.

DES'POT, an absolute prince a tyrant. DESPOT'IC, arbitrary, tyrannical. DES'POTISM, absolute power tyranny.
;

68.

Deu'teros,

second.

DEUTEROG'AMY, (gameo,) a second marriage. DEUTERON'OMY, (nomos,) the fifth book of Moses pitulation of the Law.
69.

the reca-

Didas'ko,

I teach.

DIDAC'TIC, instructive.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
70.
DI'ET,

243

Didi'ta, food regimen mode of living prescribed

;

diet.

for health.

DIETET'IC, relating to diet. LI'ETING, the act of eating by a prescribed course.

71.

stricted

Diplo'wid, a writing conferring some privilege, now to the certificate given by colleges, etc.)
;

(re-

DIPLO'MACY, forms of negotiation a body of envoys. DIPLO'MATIST, one versed in diplomacy.

72.

Dis,

I>i, two.

DILEM'MA, (lemma,) a difficult or doubtful choice. DIPH'THONG, (phthegma,) a union of two vowels in one sound. DISSYLLABLE, (labo,) a word of two syllables.
73.

Dog' ma, dog'matOS,

;

a tenet
;

an opinion.
;

DOG'MA, an established principle a doctrine DOGMAT'IC, authoritative positive.

74.

notion.

Dot OS,

given.

Dos'is,

a giving.
;

AN'ECDQTE, an incident of private life a particular or detached fact or incident of an interesting nature. AN'TIDOTE, a medicine to prevent the effects of poison. DOSE, the quantity of medicine taken at one time.
75.

Dox'd,

an opinion

fame.

DOXOL'OGY, (logos,) a form of giving glory to God. HET'ERODOX, (heteros,) differing from the established opinion
erroneous.

OB/THODOX, (orthos,) sound in religious opinion. PAR/ADOX, something false in appearance, yet true in
76.

fact.

Dra'ma,

an action

a play

a poem.

DRAMAT'IC, represented by DRAM'ATIST, a writer of plays. MEL'ODRAME, (melos,) a dramatic performance accompanied with music.
77.

action.

Drom'os,

a running.

DROM'EDARY, a species of camel having one hump.

244

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
is

PAL'INDROME,

(palin,) a word, or sentence, which read forwards or backwards.

the same

See Latin roots, page 108. 78. Dll'o, two, DUODEC'AGON, (deka, gonia,) a figure having twelve angles.
79. Dy'namis, power. DYNAM'ICS, the science of mechanical powers. DY'NASTY, government a race or succession of
;

rulers.

80.

Dys

weakness

difficulty.

DIS'PHONY, (phone,) difficulty in speaking. DYSPEP'TIC, (pepto,) afflicted with dyspepsia.

I teach oraLy. 81. E'cheo, I sound CAT'ECHISE, to instruct by questions and answers. CATECHU'MEN, one who is yet in the rudiments of Christianity,
;

ECH'O, to send back a sound; to resound.

82. lEge'sis, a leading, an explaining.
-EXEGE'SIS, exposition; explanation.

EXEGET'ICAL, expository; explanatory.

Eido'lon, an image an idol. an image worshipped as a god. IDOL'ATRY, (latreia,) the worship of idols.
83.
;

I'DOL,

84. Ei'dOS, form, shape. PBJS'MOID, (prisma,) a body somewhat like a prism. KHOM'BOID, (rhombos,) a figure like a rhomb, but having onl) the opposite sides equal.

SPHE'BOID, (sphaira,) a body like a sphere.

85. Ei'kon, an image. ICON'OCLAST, (klastes, a breaker,) an image-breaker.

86.

EkMe'sia,

an assembly.
;

See Kle'sis.

87. lE'ldO, I drive

I
;

draw.
recovering a former state.

ELAS'TIC, springing back

GREEK DERIVA TI VES.

ELASTICITY, the property of springing back
88.
to

245
an original form.

Eleemo'syne,

pity

mercy.

ELEEMOS'YNARY, relating
89.

to charity or alms-giving.

Elegei'a, a mournful poem. EI/EGY, a mournful poem a funeral

;

song.

90.

Ele'ktron,

amber.
it

ELECTRIC'ITY, a power in nature, so called because posed to be produced by the friction of amber.
91.

was sup-

Em'eo,

I vomit.

EMET'IC, a medicine that causes vomiting.

92.

En,

one.

ENDEc'AGON,(deka, gonia,) a plane figure having eleven angles.

93.

Eridon,

within.
of the cavities

ENDOCAR'DIUM, (kardia,) the lining membrane

of the heart.

94.

Eritom,on, an

insect.

ENTOMOL'OGY,

(logos,) the science which treats of insects.

95. lEpikoil'ros, a philosopher who taught that happiness consisted in the temperate enjoyment of pleasure.

EPICURE' AN, one of the sect of Epicurus

96.

luxurious.

Ep'os,

a
;

word

a narration.

EP'IC, narrative

heroic.

ORTHO'EPY, (orthos,) correct pronunciation of words.

97.

Ere'mos,

lonely, alone.

ER'EMITE, a hermit. HER'MIT, one who secludes himself from society. HER'MITAGE, the habitation of a hermit.
98.

Er'gon,
;

a work

an operation.
;

EN'ERGIZE, to excite action

to give energy.

EN'ERGY, power

vigor.
;

GEOR'GIC, (ge,) a rural

METALLURGY,
21*

poem relating to agriculture. (metallon,) the art of working metal.

246

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

SUR'GERY, the art of healing by manual operation. THE'URGY, (theos,) the power of doing supernatural things.
99. Es'o, within, in the inmost place.
ESOTER'IC, secret.

100.

Eth'nos,

a people
;

a nation.

ETH'NICAL, heathen

pagan.

ETHNOGRAPHY,
101.

(grapho,) a description of races of men.

;

Eth'os, custom

manners.
the doctrines of

ETH'ICAL, relating to morals. ETH'ICS, the science of moral philosophy

morality.

ETHOL'OGY, (logos,) a treatise on moral philosophy.

the true origin and meaning of a word. ETYMOI/OGIST, (logos,) one versed in etymology. ETYMOL'OGY, (logos,) the derivation of words.

102.

Etymon,

103.

Eu

EULO'GIUM,

good, well. a formal eulogy. (logos,)

or

Ev9

EU'LOGIZE, (logos,) to praise; to commend. EU'LOGY, (logos,) praise, panegyric. EU'PHEMISM, (phano,) a delicate way of expressing that

which might offend. EU'PHONY, (phone,) an agreeable sound; smooth pronunciation.

104.

Eure'ka,

have found.
after long

EURE'KA, a discovery, especially one made

difficult search.

and

105.

E'xo,

outside.

EXOTER'IC, external, public.

106. Ga'la, gala'ktos, milk. GAL'AXY, the milky way a splendid assemblage.
;

107.

Ga'meo,

marry.
;

AMAL'GAM, (hama, together,) mixture of metals a compound. AMALGAMATE, to mix or unite metals.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
BIG'AMIST,
(bis,)

247
same time.

one

who has two wives

at the

BIG' AMY, (bis,) the crime of having two wives at the same time.

CRYPTOGA'MIA, (krypto,) the class of flowerless plants. MISOG'AMY, (misos,) hatred of marriage. POLYG'AMY, (poly,) plurality of wives or husbands.
108. Gas'ter, gas'tros, the stomach. GAS'TBJC, belonging to the stomach.

GASTKIL'OQUY, (L. loquor,) the art of speaking apparently from the stomach ventriloquy.
;

109.

Ge,

the earth.

AP'OGEE, the part of the moon's orbit most remote from the
earth.

GEOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) a description of the earth. GEOL'OGY, (logos,) the science which treats of the structure
of the earth.

GEOM'ETRY, (metron,) the science which treats of the dimensions of lines, surfaces,

and

solids.

PER'IGEE, the part of the moon's orbit nearest to the earth.

110.

Geriea,

birth, origin.

GENEAL'OGY,
family.

(logos,) history of the

descent of a person or
the history of the origin

GEN'ESIS, the

first

book of the Bible

of all things.

HETEROGE'NEOUS,
nature.

(heteros,) dissimilar

having a different

HOMOGE'NEOUS, (homos,) similar having the same nature. HY'DROGEN, (hydor,) a gas one of the elements of water. NI'TKOGEN, (nitron, nitre,) a gas an element of nitre.
;

OX'YGEN, (oxys,) a gas

111.

the vital part of the atmosphere.

Glot'ta, the tongue, language. EPIGLOT'TIS, the thin, movable cartilage which covers the

Glos'sa

or

aperture of the wind-pipe. GLOS'SAKY, a dictionary.

248

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

GLOSS, a remark intended to illustrate a subject. opening of the windpipe. POL'YGLOT, (poly,) having many languages.
<TLOT'TIS, the

112.

Gly'pho,

I carve or engrave.

HIEROGLYPHIC,

GLYP'TIC, pertaining to carving on stones, gems, etc. the art of (hieros,) a symbolical character
;

writing in picture.
113.

Gno'mon, something which makes

tO89 made known.
;

known. Chios' -

GNOME, an imaginary being a goblin a brief maxim. GNO'MON, the hand or pin of a dial. GNOS'TIC, one of an early sect in the Christian Church,
;

f HYSIOG'NOMY,
from the

(physis,) the art of discovering the character to foretell

face.

PROGNOSTICATE,
114.

by

signs.

Go'nid, an angle or corner. DIAG'ONAL, a line which joins two opposite angles. GONIOM'ETER, (metron,) an instrument to measure angles. HEP'TAGON, (hepta,) a figure with seven angles and sides. NON'AGON, (L. Novem, nine,) a figure with nine angles. PEN'TAGON, (pente,) a figure with five angles and sides. POL'YGON, (poly,) a figure with many angles and sides. TRI'GON, (tria,) a figure with three angles and sides.
TRIGONOM'ETRY,
115.
(tria,

metron,) the art of measuring angles.

Grai'kia,

Greece.

GRE'CIAN, pertaining to Greece. GRE'CISM, an idiom of the Greek language GREEK, an inhabitant of Greece.
116.

a Hellenism.

Graph' O9 to

write.

Gram! ma, a letter, a writing.

word
into another

AN'AGRAM, the changing

of one

by

trans-

posing the letters. DI'AGRAM, a figure drawn for demonstration.

.EP'IGRAM, a short poem ending in a witty thought. GRAM'MAR, the art of speaking or writing correctly. GRAPH'IC, well described or delineated.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
PAR'AGRAPH, any portion
ticular subject.
of a writing

249
relates to a par-

which

117.

Gym'nos,

naked.

GYMNA'SIUM, a place for athletic exercises. GYMNOS'OPHIST, (sophia,) one of a sect of Indian philosophers.
118.

Gy'ne, gynai'kos,

a woman.

GYNECOC'RACY, (kratos,) government by a woman. MISOG'YNIST, (misos,) a woman-hater.

119.

Gy'ros,

a circle

moving

in a circle.

CIRCUMGYRA'TION, the act of turning, whirling, or rolling

around. GYRA'TION, the act of turning around a fixed centre.
120.

Hai'ma,

blood.
spit,)

HEMOP'TYSIS, (ptyo, I

a spitting of blood.

HEM'ORRHAGE, (rheo,) a flow of blood.

Hai'resis, a dogma, an opinion, APH^ER'ESIS, the taking away a letter or

121.

the act of taking.

syllable from the

beginning of a word.
DI-ER'ESIS, the

mark used

to separate syllables, as in aer.

HERE'SIARCH, (arche,) a leader in heresy. HER'ESY, a fundamental error in religion. HER'ETIC, one who entertains erroneous opinions in
122.

religion.

Harmoriia,

agreement, musical concord.

HARMO'NIOUS, concordant, musical. HAR'MONIZE, to adjust unfit proportions, to agree. HAR'MONY, concord of sound, agreement.
123.

Heb'domas,
He'dra,
it

a week, seven days.

HEBDOM'ADAL, weekly.
124.

a seat, a base.
;

CATHE'DRAL, the head church of a diocese

that in

so called because

the bishop has his official chair or throne. OCTAHE'DRON, (okto,) a solid contained under eight equal and
equilateral triangles.

250

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

POLYHE'DRON, (poly,) a solid having many sides or planes. TETRAHE'DRON, (tetra,) a figure comprehended under four equilateral and equal triangles.
125.

HeKaton,
He'lios,

a hundred.
ox,) a sacrifice of a

HEC'ATOMB, (bous, an
126.

hundred oxen.

the sun.

APHEL'ION, the part of a planet's orbit most remote from the

sun.

HELIOM'ETER, (metron,) an instrument to measure the diameter of the sun, moon, etc. HELIOP'OLIS, (polis,) a famous city of Egypt. HE'LIOTROPE, (tropos,) a plant which turns towards the sun.
PARHE'LION, a mock sun. PERIHE'LION, the part of a planet's orbit nearest the sun.
127.

Hel'len, a Greek.

HEL'LENIC, Grecian. HEL'LENIST, a Jew who spoke the Greek language.

128.

He'mera,

a day.

EPHEM'ERA, an insect that lives only a day. EPHEM'ERAL, short-lived. EPHEM'ERIS, an account of the daily motions and situations
of the

heavenly bodies.
half.

129.

He'misus,

See Prefix

He'mi.
two words
into

130.

Hen,

one.
line used to unite

HY'PHEN, a short dash or

one, etc.

131.

Hep'ta,

seven.
angles.

HEPTAG'ONAL, (gonia,) having seven

132.

Hefpar, hep'atos,

the liver.

HEPAT'IC, pertaining to the

133.

liver.

Her'mes,

the

imagined inventor of chemistry, Mercury.

;

HERMETICALLY, chemically

closely.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
He'ros, a brave man a hero. HE'KO, a man eminent for bravery a warrior.
134.
;
;

251

HERO'IC, brave magnanimous. HER'OINE, a female hero. HER'OISM, the qualities or character of a hero.
;

135.

Het'eros,

other, another.
;

HETEROS'CII, those whose shadows fall only one way who live between the tropics and the polar circles.
136.

those

Hex,

six.

HEX' AGON,

(gonia,) a figure

with six sides and angles.

feet.

HEX'AHEDEON, (hedra,) a cube. HEXAM'ETER, (metron,) a verse of six metrical

137.

Hi'eros,

sacred, holy.

HI'ERARCH, (arche,) the chief of a sacred order. HIER'OPHANT, (phano,) one who teaches religion.
HIEROP'OLIS, (polis,) a city of Syria.
138.

Hip'pos,

a horse.
races.

HIP'PODROME, (dromos,) a course for chariot and horse HIPPOPOT'AMUS, (potamos,) the river-horse.
139.

Histotfia,

history.

HISTO'RIAN, a writer of history.

HISTOB/ICAL, relating to history. HISTORIOGRAPHY, (grapho,) the art or employment of an
historian.

HIS'TORY, a narrative of past events. STO'RY, a narrative an account of things past.

;

140.

Holos,

the whole,

all.

CATH'OLIC, universal, general. CATHOLICISM, adherence to the Catholic Church. HOI/OCAUST, (kaustikos,) a sacrifice, the whole of which was

consumed by

fire.

HOLOGRAPH,
hand.

(grapho,) a deed written by the grantor's

own

252
141.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
an assembly.

Homi'lOS,

HOM'ILY, a discourse.
142.

HoWl'os, united
(logos,)

like; equal.

HOMOL'OGOUS,
143.

having the same relative proportion.

Ho'ra, an
to

hour.

HO'RAL, relating

an hour.

HOROG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the art of making dials. HOR'OLOGE, (logos,) an instrument that indicates the hour. HOROL'OGY, (logos,) the art of constructing timepieces. HOUR, sixty minutes; a particular time.
144.

Hor'os,

a limit, a rule.

Hori'&o,
;

I define.

APH'ORISM, a short pithy sentence a maxim. HORI'ZON, the line where the earth and sky seem to meet.
145. Hy'dor, water. DROP'SY, (ops,) a collection of water in the body. HY'DRA, a monster with many heads a water serpent.
;

HY'DRANT, a pipe at which water may be drawn. HYDRAU'LICS, (aulos,) the science of the motion and
fluids, especially of

force of

water.
art of

HYDROG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the

ing bodies of water.

measuring and describ

HY'DROMEL, (meli,) a liquor made of honey and water. HYDROM'ETER, (metron,) an instrument to measure the
cific

spe-

gravity of liquids.

HYDROP'ATHY, (pathos,) method of curing diseases by means

of water.

HYDROSTAT'ICS,
.

(stasis,)

the science which treats of the weight

of fluids, or their properties

when

at rest.

146.

Hy'gros,

moist, wet.
for

HYGROM'ETER, (metron,) an instrument

moisture of the atmosphere.
147.

measuring the

Hy'men,
n.

HYMENE'AL,

the god of marriage. a marriage song a. relating to marriage.

;

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
148.

253

Hym'nos,

a festive song

HYMNOL'OGY,

(logos,) the body of

a song of praise. hymns of a particular

country or period.
149.

Ich'nos,

a track, a footstep.
plot.

ICHNOGRAPH'ICAL, (grapho,) describing a ground

150.

Ich'thys, a

fish.

ICHTHYOLOGY,

(logos,) the science of fishes.

151. Ide'd, a mental image. IDE'ALIZE, to form images in the mind.

152. Id'ios, peculiar private. ID'IOM, a mode of expression peculiar to a language.

;

153. lo'ta, a point

IO'TA, a jot
;

the least particle.

tittle

the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet

154. I'ris, i'ridos, the rainbow.

I'ms, the colored ring which surrounds the pupil of the eye. FRISCOPE, (skopeo,) an instrument for exhibiting the colors of

thin plates. 155.

TSOS,

equal.

ISOCH'KONAL, (chronos,) having equal times. ISOS'CELES, (skelos, the leg,) having two sides equal. ISOTHEB/MAL, (thermos,) having equal heat or temperature.
156.

Ka'kos, bad
Ka'los,

ill.

CACOPH'ONY, (phone,) a bad sound of words.

157.
beautiful.

CALIG'RAPHY, (grapho,) beautiful writing. KALEI'DOSCOPE, (skopeo,) an optical instrument which exhibits a great variety of beautiful colors

and forms.

158.

Kalyp'to,

cover

I veil.

APOC'ALYPSE, revelation, discovery.

159.

Karion,

a rule

a law.
to canon.

CANONICAL, regular; according

CAN'ONIZE, to declare a
22

man

a saint.

254
160.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
the heart.

Kar'dia,

PERICAR'DIUM, a membrane which encloses the heart.

161.

Kaus'tikos,
;

burning.

Kai'o,
;

I burn.

CAUS'TIC, burning corroding. CAU'TERY, a burning by a hot iron

a searing.

162. Ke'le, a swelling; a tumor. HY'DROCELE, (hydor,) a watery tumor.

163.

Keritron,

the centre.

CEN'TRE, the middle point.

CENTRIF'UGAL, (L. fugio,) flying from the centre. CENTRIPETAL, (L. peto,) tending towards the centre. CONCENTRATE, to bring into a narrow compass. CONCEN'TRIC, having a common centre. ECCEN'TRIC, deviating from the centre irregular. ECCENTRIC'ITY, deviation from what is usual.
;

GEOCEN'TRIC, (ge,) having the earth for its centre. HELIOCEN'TRIC, (helios,) noting the position of a heavenly body seen from the sun.
164.

Keph'ale,

the head.

ACEPH'ALOUS, without a head.

HYDROCEPH'ALUS, (hydor,) dropsy

165.

in the head.

Ker'as,

a horn.

MONOC'EROS, (monos,) the unicorn. RHINOC'EROS, (rhin, the nose,) a large animal with a horn on
the nose.

166.

Klep'to,

I steal.

CLEP'SYDRA, (hydor,) a kind of water-clock among the ancients.

KLEPTOMA'NIA, (mania,) a morbid impulse or desire

167.

to steal.

Ele'siS)

act of calling.

Ekkle'sia, an

assembly.

ECCLESIAS'TIC, pertaining to the Church.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
168.

255
or ode to cele-

Ko mos
r

a jovial meeting

hymn

brate a person or action. a play representing the lighter actions and COM'EDY, (ode,) passions of mankind.
COM'IC, raising mirth
;

relating to comedy. ENCO'MIUM, praise panegyric. TRAGICOM'EDY, (tragos, ode,) a drama compounded of serious and humorous events.
;

169. IKon'eo, I manage affairs. DEA'CON, one of the lowest order of the clergy tends to the poor members of a church.

one

who

at-

SUBDEA'CON, a deacon's servant.

170.

Korios,

a cone.

CON'IC, having the form of a cone. CON'ICS, the science of conic sections.

CONIC SEC'TIONS, (L.

seco,) that part of mathematics which treats of the properties, measurements, etc., of the sections of a cone.

CO'NOID, (eidos,) a figure like a cone.

171.

Kop'e,

a cutting.

APOC'OPE, the omission of the last letter or syllable of a word. SYN'COPE, a contraction of a word a fainting fit.
;

172.

Kos'mos,

order

ornament

the world.

COSMET'IC, a preparation to improve the complexion. COSMOG'ONY, (genea,) the creation of the world.

COSMOPOLITAN,

(politia,)

a citizen of the world.

173. Kra'tos, power government. DEMOCRACY, (demos,) a government by the

;

people.

DEM'OCRAT, (demos,) one devoted to democracy. DEMONOc'RACY,(daimon,)the government of demons. GYNEOC'RACY, (gyne,) female government. THEOC'RACY, (theos,) government immediately directed by God.

256
174.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
time or turn.
to censure.

Kri'tes, a judge.

CRI'SIS, a critical

CRITE'RION, a standard by which anything can be judged.

CBIT'ICISE, to judge
; ;

CRIT'ICISM, remark the art of judging. CRITIQUE', a critical examination.

HYPERCRIT'ICAL, critical beyond reason. HYPOC'RISY, dissimulation deceitful appearance. HYP'OCRITE, a dissembler.
;

175.

Kro'kos,

saffron.

CROC'ODILE, an amphibious animal of the genus Crocodilus.

CRO'CUS, a flower.
176.

Krysta'llos,

ice

crystal.
;

CRYS'TAL, a regular solid body a kind of glass. CRYS'TALLIZE, to form into crystals.
177.

Kryp'to,

I hide; I conceal.

APOC'RYPHA, books sometimes appended to the Bible, of

doubtful authority. APOC'RYPHAL, not canonical
;

uncertain.

CRYPT, a

cell or cave.

CRYPTOGA'MIA, (gameo,) the

class of flowerless plants, ferns,

mosses, lichens, the plant-infusoria, etc.

CRYPTOG'AMOUS, (gameo,) hidden marriage. CRYPTOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the art of writing in secret characters.

178.

Eyk'los,

a circle.

CY'CLE, a periodical space of time. CY'CLOID, (eidos,) a geometrical curve. CYCLO'PEDIA, (paideia,) a circle of the arts and sciences.

ENCYC'LICAL, circular

as,

ENCYCLOPEDIA,
knowledge.

(paideia,)

the encyclical letter of the Pope. a dictionary of instruction or

is

EP'ICYCLE, a little circle whose centre of a greater.

in the circumference

HEM'ICYCLE, a half

circle.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
179.

257

Kyliridros,

a roller.
;

CYLINDER, a long round body a roller. CYLIN'DRIC, having the form of a cylinder.
180.

Ky'on, ky'nos,
;

a dog.

CYN'IC, a surly person a misanthrope. CYN'OSURE, the star near the north pole by which sailors steer

anything which attracts general attention.

181.

La'bo,

I take.

DISSYLLABLE, a word of two syllables. MONOSYLLABLE, (monos,) a word of one

SYL'LABLE, as
tion.

syllable.

much

of a

word

as

is

uttered by one articula-

the people. the people distinct from the clergy. LA'ITY, LAODICE'A, a city of Phrygia.

182.

La' os,

NIC'OLAS, (nike,) a man's name.

183. Ldtrei'ct, worship, service for hire. DEMONOL'ATRY, (daimon,) the worship of demons. LA'TRIA, the highest kind of worship.

PYROL'ATRY, (pyr,) the worship of

184.

fire.

Lei'po

or

Li'po,

I leave out.

ECLIPSE', the darkening of one heavenly body by the intervention of another. ECLIP'TIC, the apparent path of the sun in the heavens.
ELLIP'SIS, an omission ELLIP'TICAL, defective
;

an oval
oval.

figure.

185.

Lep'sis, a taking

or receiving. thing taken.

Lem'ma,

some-

CATALEP'SY, a kind of apoplexy.

EPILEP'SY, the falling sickness. PROLEP'SIS, an error in chronology.

186. Le'the, forgetfulness

oblivion*.

LETHAR'GIC, (argos, idle, inactive,) drowsy, dull. LETHE' AN, causing oblivion. B 22*

258
187.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a word or expression. to words.

Lex' is,

Lex'ikos,

relating

LEXICOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the art of writing a lexicon or dictionary.

LEX'ICON, a dictionary. V 188. lAtanei'a, prayer, supplication. LIT' ANY, a form of prayer used in public worship.
-

189. Lith'os, a stone.

LITH'ARGE, lead vitrified scum of lead. LITHOG'RAPHER, (grapho,) one who takes impressions from
;

stone.

LITHOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the art of taking impressions from

stone.

LITHOT'OMY, (tomos,) the art or practice of operating for

stone.

190.

LoVos,

the tip of the ear.

liver,

LOBE, a round, projecting part of an organ, as of the

lungs, brain, etc.

191.

Log' OS,

reason

word

a science.

ANAL'OGY, resemblance; similarity. AP'OLOGUE, a fable. APOI/OGY, a defence an excuse.

;

CATALOGUE, a

list.

CONCHOL'OGY, (konche, a shell,) the science of shells. BI'ALOGUE, a conversation a conference. EC'LOGUE, a pastoral poem. EP'ILOGUE, the poem or speech at the end of the play.
;

HYMNOL'OGY, (hymnos, a hymn;) a

collection of

hymns.

ILLOG'ICAL, contrary to the rules of logic.

LOGICIAN, one skilled in logic. MINERAL'OGY, (Fr. mineral,) the science of minerals. PHRASEOL'OGY, (phrasis,) mode of expression diction. PHRENOL'OGY, (phren,) the science which professes to explain the disposition and qualities of the mind by supposed organs
;

in the brain.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.

259

PHYSIOL'OGY, (physis,) the science which treats of the functions of animals and plants. PRO'LOGUE, the preface to a discourse or performance.

PSYCHOL'OGY, (psyche,) the doctrine of the

soul.

SYL'LOGISM, a form of reasoning consisting of three propositions. TAUTOLOGY, (tautos,) a repetition of the same words, or of
the same meaning in different words. TOXICOL'OGY, (toxikon,) a discourse on poisons. TECHNOLOGY, (techne,) a description of the arts.

THEOL'OGY, (theos,) the science which teaches of God and

vine things.

di-

192. Jjyfsis, a loosing. Ly'tiJtOS, capable of loosing. ANAL'YSIS, to resolve a compound into its first principles.
resolving into first principles. PAL'SY, loss of the power of voluntary motion. PAKAL'YSIS, loss of motion and feelings. PAR/ALYZE, to destroy the power of action.

ANALYTICAL,

193.
;

Mach'omai,

I fight.

LOGOM ACHY,

(logos,) a contention

about words.
to

NAU'MACHY, (naus,) a mock sea-fight. THEOM'ACHY, (theos,) a fighting against God; opposition
the Divine will.

194.

MaKros,
or

large

of great extent.

Meg'as,

large.

MAC'ROCOSM
ible

MEG'ACOSM, (kosmos,) the great world or visuniverse in opposition to the microcosm, or world of

man.
195.

Ma'nia,

madness.

MA'NIA, madness. MA'NIAC, a mad person.

196. HHantei'a, divination
;

prediction.

A'EROMANCY, (aer,) divination by the air and winds. ARITH'MANCY, (arithmos,) a foretelling by numbers. CHIR'OMANCY, (cheir,) a foretelling by inspecting the hand. NEC'ROMANCY, (nekros,) the art of foretelling future events by communication with the dead.

260
197.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a witness.

Mar'tyr,

MAR'TYRDOM, the death of a martyr. MARTYROL'OGY, (logos,) a history of martyrs. PROTOMAR'TYR, (protos,) the first martyr.
198.

Mathe'ma, mathe'matos,
;

learning.

MATHEMATICS, the science that treats of whatever can be measured or numbered the science of quantity.
PHIL'OMATH,
199.
(philos,) a lover of learning; a scholar.

Md'tOS,

a moving

a motion.

AUTOMATICAL,
AUTOM'ATON,
200.

(autos,) belonging to

an automaton.

(autos,) a self-moving machine.

I contrive
;

Mechdriao,

I invent.

MECHANICIAN, one skilled in mechanics. MECHANICS, the science of moving forces.

MECH'ANISM, the construction
of a machine.

201. Me'li, me'litos, honey. OX'YMEL, (oxys,) a mixture of vinegar and honey. HY'DROMEL, (hydor,) a mixture of water and honey.

202.

Mel' an,

black

dark.
color.

MEL'ANITE, a species of garnet of a velvet-black MEL'ANCHOLY, (chole,) dejection of spirits.

203.

a song or poem. an agreeable succession of sounds; music. MEL'ODY, (ode,)

Mel' OS,

204.

Men, a

month.
months.

MENOI/OGY,
205.

(logos,) a register of

Mes'os, middle.

MES'OCARP, (karpos, fruit,) the middle layer of a pericarp, which consists of three distinct layers.
206. Metal'lon, a metal.

MET'AL, a simple, fixed, shining, opaque body, insoluble water and fusible by heat.

in

GREEK DERIVATIVES.

261

METALLIF'EROUS, (L. fero,) producing metals. MET'ALLOID, (eidos,) a name applied to the metallic basis of the alkalies and earths.
207.

JMTeteo'ra, flying

luminous bodies

in

the

air

meteors.

ME'TEOR, a luminous body floating in the atmosphere. METEOR'IC, pertaining to meteors. METEOR'OLITE, (lithos,) a meteoric stone. METEOROL'OGY, (logos,) the science of meteors.
208. Me'ter, me'tros, a mother.

METROPOLIS, (polis,) the chief city of a country. METROPOLITAN, (polis,) n. an archbishop a. belonging
;

to a

metropolis.

209.

Met'ron,
(aer,)

a measure.

AEROM'ETER,

an instrument to measure the density of

any

liquid.

DIAM'ETER, a line which passes through the centre of a circle, and terminates at both ends in its circumference. ELECTROM'ETER, (elektron, amber,) an instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of electricity.

GASOM'ETER, an instrument to measure gases. GONIOM'ETER, (gonia,) an instrument to measure angles, particularly of crystals. ME'TER,, verse a measure.
;

MICROM'ETER, (mikros,) an instrument

objects.

for

measuring small

PENTAM'ETER, (pente,) a verse of

PERIM'ETER, the

five feet.

which bound a figure. PHOTOM'ETER, (phos,) an instrument for measuring light. PYROM'ETER, (pyr,) an instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those indicated by a thermometer. SEMI-DIAM'ETER, half a diameter. SYM'METRY, adaptation of parts to each other ; proportion. TETRAM'ETER, (tetra,) a verse consisting of four feet. THERMOMETER, (thermos,) an instrument for measuring heat.
of the lines

sum

TRIM'ETER,

(tria,)

a verse consisting of three

feet.

262
210.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a stain
;

Mias'ma,

pollution.

MIAS'MA, noxious exhalation.

MIASMAT'IC, pertaining to infected floating particles in the
211.
air.

Mik'ros,

little,

small.
little

MI'CROCOSM, (kosmos,) a
sity of

world

man.
to increase the inten-

MICROPHONE, (phone,) an instrument

low sounds.

MI'CROSCOPE, (skopeo,) an optical instrument for examining small objects.

212.

Mi'mos,

a farce.
;

MIM'IC, a ludicrous imitator

a buffoon.

MIM'ICRY, ludicrous, imitation. PAN'TOMIME, (pan,) a scene or representation in

213.

dumb

show.

M$SOS9
Mne'o

hatred

enmity.

MIS'ANTHROPE, (anthropos,) a hater of mankind.

214.
or

Mna'o,

I remind.

AM'NESTY, an act of general pardon.

MNEMONICS, the

art of assisting the

;

memory.

215. Mori OS, one alone. MON'AD, an atom an indivisible

;

particle.

MONARCHICAL,

monarchy. MON'ARCHY, (arche,) government by one person. MON'ASTERY, a house of religious retirement. MONAS'TIC, secluded from the world.

(arche,) pertaining to

MONK, one

of a religious

community inhabiting a monastery.

MON'ODY, (ode,) a song or poem sung by one person. MONOG'AMY, (gameo,) marriage of one wife. MON'OGRAM, (gramma,) a character or cipher composed of one or more letters interwoven.

MONOP'OLY, (poleo,) the exclusive privilege of selling anything.

MON'OSTICH, (stichos,) a composition consisting of one verse. MON'OTHEISM, (theos,) belief in the existence of only one God. MON'OTONE, (tonos,) uniformity of sound want of cadence.
;

MONOT'ONY,

(tonos,)

want

of variety

irksomeness.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
216.

263

Mor'phe,

a form
;

a figure.

AMOR'PHOUS, shapeless without regular form. METAMOR'PHIC, noting the changes which minerals or rocks may have undergone since their deposition.
217.

My'o,

I close or shut.

MY'OPY, (ops,) short-sightedness.

218.

Myr^ias, myri! ados, the number of ten thousand.

My'stikos, hidden
secret.

MYR'IAD, an indefinitely large number.

219.
;

MYSTE'RIOUS, full of mystery. MYS'TERY, something secret or unexplained. MYS'TIC, obscure secret.
;

MYS'TICISM, the doctrine of the Mystics.

a word a story a legend. fabulous or legendary. MYTH'ICAL, MYTHOL'OGY, (logos,) a system of fables or myths.

220.

My'thos,

221.

Nar'ke, numbness
;

torpidness.

NARCIS'SUS, a flower

the daffodil.

NARCOT'IC, causing stupor.

222.

Naus,

See Nau'ta, a sailor, and a ship. a ship, in Latin roots, page 158.
a dead body.

Nav'is,

223.

NeKros,

NECROL'OGY, (logos,) a register of deaths. NECROMAN'TIC, (manteia,) performed by enchantment.

Ne'os, new. NEAPOLITAN, (polis,) an inhabitant of the new City or Naples. NEOL'OGY, (logos,) a system of new doctrines or words. NE'OPHYTE, (phyton,) a new convert a proselyte.
224.
;

225. We' SOS, an island. PELOPONNE'SUS. the island of Pelops, now called the Morea.

POLYNESIA,

many

Pacific (poly,) a part of the islands.

Ocean containing

264
226.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a nerve.

Neu'ron,

NEURAL'GIA,
is

(algos,) a disease, the chief

symptom

of

which

a very acute pain, which follows the course of a nervous branch.

NEUROT'IC, relating to the nerves. NEUROL'OGY, (logos,) a description of the nerves. NEUROT'OMY, (tomos,) a cutting or dissection of the nerves.
227.

Ni'ke,

victory.

AR'SENIC, (arsen, male, strong,) a mineral poison. NICOP'OLIS, (polis,) a city of Palestine.
228. Norn' as, nom'ados, living on pasturage. NOM'AD, one who leads a wandering life and subsists by past-

uring herds. NOMAD'IC, pastoral; wandering.

229.

Nbmis'ma,

the current coin of a state.

of coins

NUMISMATICS, the science

;

and medals.

230. Nom'os, a law management. ANTINO'MIAN, one who denies the obligation of the moral law. ANTINOMY, a contradiction between two laws.
231.

Nos'os,

disease.

NOSOL'OGY, (logos,) the description of diseases.

232.

NymfpTia,

NYMPH, a goddess of the mountains, woods, NYMPH'-LIKE, resembling a nymph.

233.

a goddess of the woods, mountains, etc. or waters a lady.

;

Obelis'kos, an
;

obelisk.

OB'ELISK, a tall, four-sided pillar gradually tapering as it rises a mark for reference, thus (f) also called a dagger.
;

234. O'de, an ode, a song. MON'ODY, (monos,) a poem of a mournful character, in which a single person expresses lamentation.

PAR'ODY, a kind of burlesque writing, in which the words or thoughts, by some slight alteration, are adapted to a different purpose.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
PROS'ODY, (pros,
verse.
to,)

265
treats of

that part of

grammar which

PSALM'ODY, (psalma,) the act of singing psalms. KHAP'SODY, (rhapto,) a collection of songs or verses. TRAG'EDY, (tragos, a goat,) a dramatic representation of a
calamitous or fatal action.
235. Od'os, a road a journey. EP'ISODE, an incidental narrative a digression. EX'ODUS, a departure from a place the second book in the
; ; ;

Bible.

METH'OD, a regular order

a way.

orderly. PE'KIOD, a course of events a full stop. SYN'OD, an ecclesiastical assembly a meeting.
;
; ;

METHODICAL, regular

PERIODICAL, a publication issued at stated intervals

occurring at regular periods.

of time;

236.

Od'ous, odoritos,

tooth.

ODONTAL'GIA, (algos,) the toothache.

237.

O'dyne,

pain.

AN'ODYNE, serving to assuage pain.

238. Oi'kos, a house, a household.

Oi'keo,

I dwell.

DIOC'ESAN, pertaining to a diocese* DI'OCESE, the jurisdiction of a bishop.

ECON'OMY, (nomos,) thrifty management frugality. ECUMENICAL, ECUMEN'IC, general universal, as an ecumen; ;

ical council.

PAK'ISH, the particular charge of a clergyman.

PARO'CHIAL, belonging to a parish. ECONOMIZE, to manage pecuniary concerns with frugality.

239.

OKto,

eight.

OC'TAGON, (gonia,) a plane figure of eight angles and sides. OCTAHE'DBON, (hedra,) a solid contained by eight equal and
equilateral triangles. 23

266

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
;

OCTAN'DRIAN, or OCTAN'DROUS, (andros,) belonging to the

class

Octandria

having eight distinct stamens.

few.

240.

Oligos,

OLIGARCHICAL, (arche,) pertaining to an oligarchy. OLIGARCHY, (arche,) a government which is in the hands
a few.

of

241. Olym'pOS, a mountain of Macedonia. OLYMPIAD, a period of four years, reckoned from one celebration of the Olympic games to another. OLYM'PIC, relating to Olympia in Greece, the town in which were celebrated the games in honor of Jupiter.

242.

Om'alos,

even

regular.

ANOMALOUSLY,

irregularly.
rule.

ANOM'ALY, a deviation from the common

243.

Orioma

and

On'yma,

a name.

ANON'YMOUS, without a name. METON'YMY, (meta,) a rhetorical

for another.

figure

by which one word

is

put ONOMATOPCE'IA, (poieo,) accordance of the sound of a word with the thing signified.

PARONOMA'SIA, a play upon words a pun. PATRONYM'IC, (pater,) a name derived from that of a parent
;

or ancestor.

SYN'ONYM, a word having the same meaning as another word. SYNON'YMOUS, having the same meaning.
244.

On,

oritOS, being.

ONTOL'OGY, that part of metaphysics which investigates the

essential properties

and

relations of all beings as such.

245.

Ophthal'mos,

the eye.

OPHTHAL'MIA, a disease of the eyes.

246.

Op'Ion

a weapon

arms.

PAN'OPLY, (pan,) complete armor.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
247.

267
face, eye.

Op'tomai,Iaee. Of/aia, aview. O'ps,

CATOP'TRICS, that part of optics whicli treats of vision

flection.

by

re-

DIOP'TRICS, that part of optics which treats of refraction of

light.

OPTI'CIAN, one skilled in optics. OP'TICS, the science which treats of the nature and laws of
vision.

SYNOP'SIS, a general view.

248.

Ora'ma,

a sight, a view.

DIORA'MA, a mode of scenic representation in which a painting is seen from a distance through a large opening. PANORA'MA, a picture presenting a view of objects in every
direction.

249.

Or>kos, an

oath.

EX'ORCISE, to adjure

by some holy name

an instrument.

to expel evil spirits.

EX'ORCISM, expulsion of evil spirits.

250.

Or'ganon,

DISORGANIZE, to destroy the organic structure

confusion.

to

throw into

OR'GAN, a natural instrument of action ORGAN'IC, pertaining to an organ or

a musical instrument.
its
;

functions organic bodies are those which possess organs, on the action of

which depend their growth, such as animals and plants. ORGANIZATION, structure construction with parts.
;

251.

Or'nis, or'nithos, a

bird.

ORNITHOL'OGY, (logos,) the science of birds. ORNITH'OMANCY, (manteia,) divination by the

252.

flight of birds.

Or'phanos,

bereft of parents.
lost

OR'PHAN, a child who has

times a child

both father and mother

some-

who has

only one parent living.

OR'PHANAGE, the
253.

state of being an. orphan.

erect, right.
circle,

Or'thos,

ORTHODROM'ICS, (dromos,) the art of sailing on a great

268
which
is

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

the shortest distance between two places on the

surface of the earth.

OB/THOEPY, (epos,) the right pronunciation of words. ORTHOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the spelling of words with the
proper
254.
letters.

Os'teon, a bone.

OSTEOL'OGY, (logos,) a description of the bones. PEBJOS'TEUM, a membrane which covers the bones.
255.

Os'trakon,

a small shell used in voting concerning the banishment of a citizen.

OS'TRACISM, a mode of banishment. When it was feared that a citizen of Athens was becoming too powerful, a vote was taken concerning his banishment. If 6000 shells bearing
his

name were deposited

;

in the urn, he

was banished

for

ten years.

OS'TRACIZE, to banish

to expel.

256.

Ou'ranos,

heaven.
of the heavens.

OURANOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) a description

257. OUS, 0'tOS, the ear. OTACOU'STTC, (akouo,) an instrument to facilitate hearing. PAROT'ID, salivary.

258.

OX'IDE, a

Ox'ys, sour, sharp. compound of oxygen and

a base destitute of acid

and salifying properties. OX'IDIZE, to convert into an oxide.

PAE/OXYSM, a violent
259.
fit

of disease or pain.

Pach'ys,

thick.
;

PACH'YDERM, (derma,) a non-ruminant, hoofed animal one of the pachydermata, such as the elephant. PACHYDER'MATA, (derma,) an order of mammals which have hoofs and a thick skin, but do not ruminate, such as the
hippopotamus.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
260.

269
a child.

Paidei'a,

learning,

Pais, pai'dos,
;

PED'AGOGUE, (agogeus,) a school-master PED'ANT, one who makes a vain display of learning.
261.

a conceited teacher.

Pa'leos

or

Palai'os,

old, ancient.

PALEOG'BAPHY, (grapho,) the art or science

ancient inscriptions.

of deciphering

262.

Pa'lin,

again.

PAL'IMPSEST, (psao, I rub away,) a manuscript which has been written on twice, the first writing having been erased to make room for the second.

PAL'INODE, (ode,) a satirical poem retracting a former one.

263.

Pan or Pas, paritos,

all

whole.

PANACE'A, (akeo, I cure,) a universal medicine. PANEGYR'IC, (agora,) a laudatory speech a eulogy. PAN'IC, a sudden fright without cause.
;

PAN'THEISM, (theos,) the doctrine that the universe is God. PAN'THEON, (theos,) a temple at Kome dedicated to all the
gods.

PAN'TOGRAPH, (grapho,) a copying instrument.

264.

Pa'pas,

a father.

PAPA', father, a term used by children. POPE, the head of the Koman Catholic Church.

paper; an Egyptian reed from which paper was made. PA' PEE, a substance formed into thin sheets, on which to write
265.

Papy'ros,

or print.

PAPY'RUS, an Egyptian reed from which paper was made.

266.

Paradei'sos,
Pa'teo,
I tread.

a garden of pleasure.
bliss.

PAR'ADISE, the garden of Eden; a place of

267.

PERIPATET'IC, pertaining to the philosophy of Aristotle, so called because this philosopher taught, walking in the Lyceum at Athens.

23*

270

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

268. Falter, pa'tros, a father. For other derivatives, see Latin roots, page 167.

PA'TER-NOS'TER, (L. noster, our,) the Lord's Prayer so called from the first words, " Our Father." PA'TRIARCH, (arche,) one who governs by paternal right.
;

The Twelve Patriarchs," the twelve sons of Jacob. PATRIOTIC, pertaining to the ancient fathers of the Christian Church. PATRONYM'IC, a name derived from a parent or ancestor a modification of the father's name borne by the son, as,
;

"

Pelides, the son of Peleus, that is Achilles.

269.

Pa'thos,

feeling.
;

ANTIP'ATHY, aversion dislike. AP'ATHY, want of feeling.

PATHET'IC, affecting or moving the tender emotions.

PATHOL'OGY, (logos,) the science of diseases, their causes,

PA'THOS, feeling
;

etc.

passion.
;

SYM'PATHY, fellow-feeling

agreement of

affections.

270. JPeiraftes, a sea robber. EMPIR'IC, a quack; a charlatan.

Pi' RACY,

robbery on the sea

five.

literary theft.

271.

Perite,

Pentekos'te,

PENTAPET'ALOUS, (petalon,)
leaves.

the fiftieth day. having five petals or flower-

PEN'TARCHY, (arche,) government by five. PEN'TATEUCH, (teuchos, a book,) the five books of Moses. PEN'TECOST, a festival among the Jews on the fiftieth day
after the passover
;

Whitsuntide.
;

272. Pep'tos, concocted

digested.

DYSPEP'SIA, (dys,)
273.

weak

digestion.

Petalon,

a flower leaf.

APET'ALOUS, having no petals. BIPET'ALOUS, (L. bis, twice,) having two flower leaves. PET'AL, one of the colored leaves of a flower. POLYPET'ALOUS, having many petals.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
274.

27!

PE'TER, a man's
into stone.

Pet'ra, a rock a stone. name signifying a

;

rock.

PETRIFAC'TION, (L.

facio,) the

conversion of organic matter

PET'RIFY, to convert to stone. PETRO'LEUM, (oleum, oil,) a liquid bitumen.

SALTPE'TRE, (L.
275.

sal, salt,)

a mineral salt; nitre.

Pha'go,

I eat.

ICHTHYOPH'AGY, (ichthys,) the practice of eating fish. SARCOPH'AGUS, (sarkos,) a stone coffin a coffin of limestone, among the Greeks, which consumed the flesh in a few weeks.
;

SARCOPH'AGY, (sarkos,) the practice

276.

of*

eating

flesh.

Pha'no

or

Phe'no,

I appear.
;

DIAPH' ANGUS, transmitting light transparent. EM'PHASIS, stress of the voice on a word or sentence. EPIPH'ANY, a Christian festival the appearance of Christ in
;

the world.

FAN'CY, the power of forming images in the mind. FANTAS'TIC, fanciful. HIER'OPHANT, (hieros,) a priest one who teaches religion. PHA'ETON, an open carriage on four wheels drawn by two
;

horses.

PHAN'TASM, a spectre a vision. PHAN'TOM, a spectre an apparition. PHASE, an appearance. PHENOMENON., an appearance anything remarkable.
; ;
.

PROPH'ECY, a prediction. PROPH'ESY, to foretell to predict. PROPH'ET, one who foretells future events.
;

PSEU'DO-PROPH'ET, (pseudo,) a
277.

false prophet.

Pha^makon,
(poieo,)

a medicine

a drug.

PHARMACEU'TIC, PHARMACOPCE'IA,

relating to

pharmacy.

a book containing rules for the preparation of medicines. PHAR'MACY, the art of preparing medicines.

272
278.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a fabulous bird.

Plioinix,
ashes.

PHE'NIX, a bird fabled to exist single, and to rise again from

its

own

279. Pher'ne, dower brought by the wife. PARAPHERNA'LIA, goods of a wife beyond her dowry.

280. Flier' O, I carry I bear. MET'APHOR, a word expressing similitude without the sign
;

of

comparison. PERIPH'ERY, the circumference of a

circle, ellipse, etc.

PHOSPHORES'CENT, (phos,) shining with a faint light. PHOS'PHORUS, (phos,) an elementary substance, of a yellowthe planet ish color, which bufns with great rapidity
;

Venus, when appearing as the morning star. PHOS'PHOROUS, (phos,) pertaining to phosphorus. PHYLLOPH'OROUS, (phyllon,) bearing leaves.
281.

PMI'OS,

a lover.

PHILOL'OGY, (logos,) the study of language, especially in a philosophic manner.

PHILOME'LA, (melos,) the nightingale. PHILOS'OPHY, (sophia,) the love of wisdom

causes or
first

investigation of

principles.

THEOPH'ILUS, (theos,) a lover of God.

282. Phleg'o, I burn. Phleg'ma, a burning. ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, counteracting inflammation. PHLEGM, the mucus of the respiratory and digestive pas-

PHLEGMAT'IC, cold dull. PHLOGIS'TON, the principle of inflammability.

;

283.

Phob'os,

fear

dread.
a

HYDROPHO'BIA, (hydor,) a preternatural dread of water, symptom of canine madness.

284.

Pho'ne,

a sound

voice.

PHON'ICS. the doctrine or theory of sound. SYM'PHONY, harmony of sounds.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
285.

273

Phos,pho'tos,li$ii\

fire.

PHOS'PHATE, a salt formed by a combination acid with a salifiable base.

of phosphoric

PHOTOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the art of producing pictures of objects by the action of light on chemically prepared surfaces.
286.

Phra'sis,

a saying

speech.

PAB/APHKASE, an explanation in
pretation.

many words

a free inter-

PER'IPHEASE, circumlocution
287.

circuit of words.

Phren,
; ;

the mind.
furious.

FRAN'TIC,

mad FRENET'IC, mad

288.

distracted.

FKEN'ZY, madness.

Phfheg'ma,
or
(tria,)

word

or sound uttered

a saying.

AP'OTHEGM

AP'OPHTHEGM, a remarkable saying.

a union of three vowels in one sound. a
leaf. leaf.

TRIPH' THONG,
289.

Phyl'lon,

MONOPH'YLLOUS, (monos,) having only one

290. PTiy'sis, a bringing forth METAPHYS'ICS, the science of mind.
PHYS'IC, the art of healing
;

nature.

medicine.

a plant. PHYTOL'OGY, (logos,) the science of plants botany. ZO'OPHYTE, (zo'on,) a body which partakes of the nature both
291.

Phy'ton,

of an animal

and a

plant.

NE'OPHYTE,

(neos,) a

new convert;

a proselyte.

292. Pi' no, I drink.

SYMPO'SIUM, a drinking together

293.

a merrj* feast.

Pld'ne, a wandering

about.

PLAN'ET, a heavenly body which revolves around the sun. PLAN'ET-STRUCK, blasted as by a planet.
294. Plus' SO, I smear CAT'APLASM, a poultice a
;
;

Lform

in clay.

soft plaster.

274

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

PLAS'TIC, having power to give form to a mass of matter. PKO'TOPLAST, (protos,) the thing first formed as a copy the
;

original.

295.

Pla'ton, an Athenian

philosopher, born 429 B. C.

PLATON'IC, purely spiritual or intellectual. PLA'TONIST, a follower of Plato.

296. Ple'os,

full.

PLE'ONASM, redundancy of words.

297.

Pleu'ra,

the side

a rib.

PLEU'RISY, an inflammation of the membrane which covers

the inside of the thorax.

298.

Pneu'mon,

the lung.

Pneu'ma, pneu'maspirit.

tOS9 air, the science which PNEUMAT'ICS,

treats of the air.

PNEUMO'NIA, inflammation of the lungs.

299. Poi'eo, I make I compose. PO'EM, a metrical composition. PO'ESY,. the art of writing poems. PO'ET, one who composes poems. PROSOPOPCE'IA, (prosopon,) a figure by which
;

life

and action

are attributed to inanimate objects.

300.

Pol'emos, war
;

a battle.

POLEM'IC, controversial

disputative.

301. Po'leo, I

sell.

MONOPOLIZE, (monos,)
of selling anything.

to engross or obtain the exclusive right

302. Pol' is, a city

a town. Politei'a, the form of government the State.

;
;

CONSTANTINOPLE, the city of Constantine. COSMOPOLITE, (kosmos,) a citizen of the world.

IMPOLITIC, inexpedient imprudent. POLITICS, the science of government.
;

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
POLICE', the government of a city or town. POL'ICY, the art of government management of affairs.
;

275

POLITE'NESS, refinement; good breeding.

POLITICAL, relating to politics

303.

public.

Poly,

many.

POLYG'ENOUS, (genea,) of many kinds. POL'YSYLLABLE, (labo,) a word of many syllables. POL'YTHEISM, (theos,) the doctrine of a plurality of gods.
304.

Pom'pC)
;

a solemn procession.

POMP, parade

splendor.
;

POMPOS'ITY, ostentation

boasting.
labor.

305.

Porios, work

GEOPON'ICAL, (ge,) relating to agriculture.

306. POT' OS, a passage or way. EMPO'EIUM, a city in which commerce centres. POBOS'ITY, the state of having pores.
307.

Por'phyra,

purple.

PORPHYRIT'IC, relating to porphyry. POR'PHYRY, a kind of hard stone.

308.

Pot'amos,

a river.

MESOPOTAMIA, (mesos,) the country between the Euphrates and the Tigris.
309.

POUS9 pod' OS,

whose

the foot

foot.

ANTIP'ODES, the people

globe,

who

live on

the other side of the

feet are opposite ours.

POL'YPUS, (poly,) a sea animal with

many

feet.

POLYTECH'NIC, (techne,) comprising many arts. TRI' pod, (tria,) any vessel or stand supported on three
310.

feet.

Prak'tos,

done.

Prag'ma,

a deed.

PRACTICABLE, that may be done.

PRAC'TICAL, relating to practice or action. PRAGMAT'IC, meddling officious.
;

276
311.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
elder
;

Presby'teros,

a priest.
;

PRESBYTE'RIAN, a. consisting of elders to a church governed by elders.

PRES'BYTERY, a body of elders.
312.

n.

one who belongs

Pris'ma, pris'matOS, that which has been sawn

an optical
glass.

PRISM, a transparent body with, usually, three rectangular plane faces or sides, and two equal and parallel ends or bases.

Prosetlytos, a new convert. PROS'ELYTE, a convert to a new opinion.

313.

314.

Proso'pon,

a visage, a character, a person.

PROSOPOPCE'IA, a figure of rhetoric by which things are represented as persons, or absent persons as present.
315.

Pro'tos,

first.
;

PROTHON'OTARY,
trar.

(L. nota,) the chief notary

the head regis-

PRO'TOCOL, (kolla, glue,) the original copy of any writing. PRO'TOTYPE, (typos,) the original after which anything
formed.
316.

is

Psal'ma,

a tune played on a stringed instrument.

PSALM, a holy song. PSAL'MODY, (ode,) the practice of singing psalms. PSAL'TERY, a kind of harp.
317.

Pseu'dos,

falsehood.

PSEU'DO-APOS'TLE,

(stello,)

a false apostle.

PSEU'DONYM, (onoma,) a
318.

false

name.
life
;

Psy'che,

the breath of

the soul.

METEMPSYCHO'SIS, transmigration of souls. PSY'CHE, a nymph whom Cupid married.

319.

Pto'ma,

fall.

AS'YMPTOTE, a line which continually approaches a curve without ever meeting it. SYM'PTOM, a sign.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
320.

277

Pyg'me,

the

fist

as big as the

fist.

PYGME'AN, small.
PYG'MY, a dwarf.
321.

Fyr,
a.

fire.
;

formed of pure fire n. the highest heaven. PYR'AMID, a solid figure standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top. PYEE, a funeral pile. PYRI'TES, fire-stone sulphur with iron, copper, or nickel.

EMPYRE'AN,

PYROLIG'NEOUS, (L. lignum, wood,) noting an acid produced by the distillation of wood.

PYROTECH'NIC, (techne,) the art of making

322.

fire- works.

Rhap'tO,

I unite

I sew.

KHAP'SODY, (ode,) a disconnected series of sentences composed under excitement, without natural connection.

RHAPSODICAL,
323.

(ode,)

unconnected
I speak. flows.

rambling.

Hhe'o,

I flow;

Hheu'ma,

that which

CATARRH', a discharge of

fluid

from the mucous membrane,

by a cold. DIARRHE'A, a purging. RES'IN, a solid inflammable substance of vegetable origin. RHEUM, a thin watery matter secreted by the glands. RHEU'MATISM, a painful inflammation of the muscles and
joints.

especially of the nose, caused

324.

Hhe'tor, an
;

orator.

RHET'ORIC, the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, and force the art of composition, especially the art of elegant and accurate composition in prose.
325. HflOtnfbos, a whirling round
;

a rhomb.
are

RHOMB, RHOM'BTJS, a quadrangular figure whose sides equal and parallel, but the angles not right angles.

RHOM'BOID, (eidos,) a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are equal and parallel, but the angles not right angles.
24

278
326.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
poetry.

Ithyth'mos, measured movement.

; ;

EHYME, correspondence of sounds at the end of verses RHYTHM, meter flow and proportion of sounds.
RHYTH'MICAL, pertaining
327.
to

rhythm.

Sarx, sar'kos,
;

flesh.
;

SAR'CASM, a keen reproach

SARCAS'TIC, taunting

a biting expression.

satirical.

a design. 328. Sche'ma, a plan SCHEME, a plan a contrivance.

; ;

SCHE'MIST, one

who forms

schemes.
;

329.

Schis'ma,
;

a division

a separation.

a separation in a church. SCHISMAT'IC, tending to schism.

SCHISM, a division

330. Schol'e, a school. SCHOL'AR, one who learns a

;

man

of learning.

SCHOLASTICISM, the method of the schools. SCHO'LIUM, an explanatory note. SCHOOL, a place of education; a denomination or
331. Sele'ne, the moon. PARASELE'NE, a circle round the

sect.

moon

a mock moon.

SEL'ENITE, crystallized sulphate of lime. SELENOGRAPHY, (grapho,) a description of the moon.

332. Side'ros, iron. SIDEROGRAPHY, (grapho,) the
steel plates.

art or practice of engraving on

SID'EROSCOPE, (skopeo,) an instrument for detecting small portions of iron.

333. Si'tOS, corn food. PAR'ASITE, a flatterer of rich

;

men

a sycophant.

PARASIT'ICAL, growing on another plant.

334.

Skale'nos, uneven

unequal.

SCALENE', having unequal

sides.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
a pointed instrument. SCAKIFICA'TION, (L. facio,) incision of the skin. SCAR'IFY, to cut the skin.

279

335.

Skar'iphOS,

336. Ske'ne, the stage; the appearance or representation

of places or things. the appearance of places or objects; the SCEN'ERY, painted representation of places in the theatre.

SCENOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the art of perspective.

337.

Skep'tomai,

I consider.

SKEP'TIC, one who doubts the truth of revelation. SKEP'TICISM, universal doubt infidelity.
;

338.

Skep'tron,

a staff; a rod.
;

SCEP'TRE, the ensign of royalty

a staff carried by kings.

339. Ski' a, a shadow.

AMPHIS'CII, the inhabitants of the torrid zone, whose shadows fall to the north in one part of the year, and to the south the other.
ANTIS'CII, the people on different sides of the equator, shadows at noon project opposite ways.
PERIS'CII, the inhabitants of the frigid zones, move all round in a single day.

whose

whose shadows

340. Skletros, hard.

SCLEROT'IC, hard, firm, as the sclerotic coat or the eye, which is the firm outer coat.

membrane

of

observe narrowly. ARCHBISH'OP, (arche,) a chief bishop a church dignitary of the highest class.
341.

Skop'eo,

I look

BISH'OP, one of the higher order of the clergy

of a diocese.

who has charge

EPIS'COPACY, government by bishops. HE'LIOSCOPE, (helios,) a sort of telescope for viewing the sun. SCOPE, aim intention room.
;
;

TEI/ESCOPE, (telos,) an instrument for viewing distant objects.

280
342.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
I deride; I jeer.
;

Sko'ptO,

SCOP'TIC, scoffing

deriding.

343.

SoKrates,

the illustrious founder of Greek philosoborn at Athens, 470 B.C. phy,

SOCRAT'IC, pertaining to the method of instruction adopted

by Socrates.
SOC'RATIST, a disciple of Socrates.

344. Soloi'JtOS, one who speaks incorrectly. SOL'ECISM, impropriety in language literally, the dialect of the Soloi, a people of Attica, who colonized in Cilicia, and
;

lost the

purity of their language.

learning.

346.

Soph' id, wisdom, knowledge,

SOPHIS'TICAL, logically deceitful. SOPH'ISTRY, false reasoning. UNSOPHIS'TICATED, not counterfeit

pure.

346. Spa'o, I draw. EPISPAS'TIC, in medicine exciting action in the skin SPASM, a convulsion.

blistering.

SPASMODIC,
347.

(eidos,) convulsive.

Sper'ma, sper'matos,

seed.

Spor'os,

seed.

TETRASPERM'OUS, (tetra,) having four seeds. TRISPERM'OUS, (tria,) having three seeds. GYMNOSPERM'OUS, (gymnos,) having the seeds naked, as the
pine.

POLYSPERM'OUS, (poly,) having

348.

many

seeds.

Sphai'ra,

HEMISPHERE, half a globe

;

a sphere or globe. or sphere.

PLAN'ISPHERE, (L. planus,) a sphere projected on a plane. SPHERE, a globe rank. SPHER'ICAL, round globular. SPHERICITY, roundness state of being globular.
; ;

349.

Splen,
;

spleen
spite.
;

ill

humor.

SPLEEN, anger

SPLENET'IC, fretful

peevish.

'GREEK DERIVATIVES.
350. Spondei'os, a foot of two long syllables. SPON'DEE, a poetic foot of two long syllables.
351. Stas'is, a standing a weighing. APOS'TASY, departure from professed principles. EC'STACY, excessive joy; rapture.
;

281

ECSTAT'ICAL, rapturous. SYS'TEM, a combination of parts into a whole SYSTEMATIC, methodical.

352.

a method.

Steg'anos,

concealed, secret.

STEGANOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the art of writing in ciphers or

secret characters.

353. Stel'lo, I send.

APOS'TLE, one sent to preach the Gospel. APOSTOL'IC, relating to an apostle. EPIS'TLE, a letter a writing sent.
;

PERISTAL'TIC, spiral worm-like. SYS'TOLE, the contraction of the heart

;

the shortening of a

long syllable.
short. 354:. Sterios, narrow STENOGRAPHIC, (grapho,) relating STENOGRAPHY, short-hand.
; ;

to stenography.

355. Ster'eos, solid standing firm. STEREOSCOPE, (skopeo,) an optical instrument adapted to both
eyes.

STEREOT'OMY, (tomos,) the art of cutting solids into figures. STEREOTYPE, (typos,) a fixed metal type a plate cast from a
;

mould

of a

composed page.

356. Steth'os, the breast. STETHOSCOPE, (skopeo,) an instrument for ascertaining the state of the lungs by sound.
357. Sti'cTlOS, a row
;

a verse.
;

DIS'TICH, (dis,) two poetic lines HEM'ISTICH, half a verse.

a couplet.

282
358.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

Stig' mates, a brand, a mark of infamy, STIG'MA, a mark of infamy the top of a pistil. STIG'MATIZE, to mark with infamy.

Stig'ma,

359. Sto'd, a porch or portico.

STO'IC, a disciple of the ancient philosopher Zeno. STO'ICISM, the opinions of the Stoics.

STO'ICAL, manifesting indifference to pleasure or pain.

360. Stom'acTlOS, the stomach

anger.
;

STOM'ACH, the principal organ of digestion

appetite.

361. Strat'os, an army. STRAT'AGEM, (ago,) an artifice in war a trick. STRATOCRACY, (kratos,) a military government.
;

362. Stroph'e, a turning round. APOS'TROPHE, a turning from the persons present to address the absent or dead a mark (') showing that a word is con;

tracted.

CATAS'TROPHE, a

final

event

a calamity.

363. Sty'los, a pillar or column.

STYLE, manner of writing or speaking an instrument used by the ancients for writing on tablets covered with wax. STY'LIFORM, (L. forma,) like a style or pen. STY'LOID, (eidos,) having some resemblance to a style or pen.
;

364.

Styx

Styg'os, a river of Hades, across which Charon

ferried departing souls.
infernal.

STYG'IAN, pertaining to the river Styx

365.

Sy'kon,

fig.

SYC'AMORE, (moron, a mulberry,) a species of fig-tree. SYC'OPHANT, (phano,) a mean flatterer a parasite.
;

366. Sy'lon, spoil. ASY'LUM, any place of retreat and security.

367.

Tala'nton,

a talent.
;

TAL'ENT, an ancient weight and coin

a natural

gift.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
a grave or tomb. CEN'OTAPH, (kenos, empty,) a monument to one elsewhere.

283

368.

Taph'os,

who

is

buried

EP'ITAPH, an inscription on a tomb.

369. Tau'tos, the same.

TAUTOL'OGY, (logos,) a repetition of words or of meaning. TAUTOPH'ONY, (phone,) repetition of the same sound.
370. Tax' is, arrangement. TaKtOS, put in order. SYN'TAX, that part of grammar which treats of sentences. TACTI'CIAN, one skilled in tactics.
TAC'TICS, the art of arranging military or naval forces for
battle.

TAX'IDEEMY, (derma,) the art of arranging and preserving

animals, so as to present their natural appearance.
371.

Tech'ne, an

art or science.
to the arts.

TECHNICAL, pertaining

TECH'NICS, the doctrine of arts in general.

372.

TeKton,

an

artist

a fabricator.

ARCHITECT'UKE, (arche,) the art or science of building.

TECTON'IC, pertaining to building.
373. Tel'os, the end, distance. TELEG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the science and art of communicat-

ing by telegraphs. TELES'TICH, (stichos,) a poem in which the final letters of the the reverse of an acrostic. lines make a name
;

374. Tet' tares or

Tes'sares, (in comp., Tetra,)

four.

TETRAM'ETER, (metron,) a verse of four measures or feet. TET'KAGON, (gonia,) a figure with four angles and sides. TE'TKARCH, (arche,) a Roman governor of the fourth part of
a province. TES'SELATE, to form into squares or checkered work.
375.

Thariatos,

death.
(eu,)

EUTHANA'SIA or EUTEAN'ASY,

an easy death.

284
376.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a theatre.

Thea'tron,

AMPHITHE'ATRE, a circular building, with seats rising one above another around an open space. THE'ATRE, a place where dramatic performances are exhibited
;

a place of exhibition.
377.

The'ke,

a place of deposit

APOTH'ECARY, one who compounds and

378.

a receptacle. sells medicines.

Theo'ros,

a beholder

THE'OREM,

a proposition to be
;

THEORETICAL, speculative

a speculator. proved by a chain of reasoning. not practical.

;

THE'ORIZE, to form theories

to speculate.

THE'ORY, science as distinguished from art; speculation.

379. The' os, God a god. APOTHE'OSIS, a deification the act of placing among the gods. A'THEISM, disbelief in the existence of a God.
;
;

ENTHUSIASM, heat of imagination THE'ISM, belief in a God.

380.

ardent zeal.

Therapeu'o,

I nurse

I cure. for diseases.

THERAPEU'TICS, the application of remedies

381.

Ther'mos, warm

heated.
;

THER'MAL, pertaining

to heat

warm.
for indicating

THERMOMETER,

(metron,) an instrument to measure heat.

THER'MOSOOPE, (skopeo,) an instrument

of temperature.

changes

382. Thes'is, a placing. Them' a, the thing laid down. ANATH'EMA, an ecclesiastical curse excommunication.
;

ANTITHESIS, opposition of words or sentiments EP'ITHET, an adjective denoting a quality.

contrast.

HYPOTHECATE,

to

pawn

to pledge.
;

HYPOTH'ESIS, a supposition a system or theory formed upon some principle not proved. PAREN'THESIS, a member of a sentence which interrupts the natural connection of the words, but explains the sense.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.

285

PROS'THESIS, a figure by which one or more letters are attached to a word.

SYN'THESIS, the combination of separate elements of thought into a whole the opposite of analysis. THEME, a subject a topic.
;
;

THE'SIS, a theme

HYPOTHETICAL, assumed without proof reasoning and deducing proof.

383.

a proposition to be maintained by argument. for the purpose of

Throrios,
Ti'me,

a throne.

THRONE, a royal
384.

seat.

value

honor.

TIMOC'RACY, (kratos,) government by

385.

men

of property.

Tom' OS,

a cutting

a division.
;

ANAT'OMY, the act of dissecting the body

the body.

the structure of

AT'OM, an extremely small particle. EPIT'OME, an abridgment a compendium. PHLEBOT'OMY, (phlebos, a vein,) the art of blood-letting. TOME, a book a volume. ZOOT'OMY, (zo'on,) the dissecting of animal bodies.
;

stretching sound. ATON'IC, wanting tone relaxed.

386.

Tori OS,

ATTUNE, (L.
to another.

prefix ad,) to

make musical

to adjust one

sound

BAR'YTONE, (baros,) a male voice the compass of which partakes of the common bass and the tenor, but which does not descend so low as the one, nor rise so high as the other.
DIATON'IC, pertaining to the scale of eight tones, the eighth of which is the octave of the first.

SEM'ITONE, half a tone.

TONE, sound
TON'IC,
a.

accent.
;

increasing strength

n.

, a medicine which increases

of key-note, meas-

strength.

TUNE, a series of musical notes with unity ure, and sentiment.

286
387.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
a place
;

Top' OS,

TOP'IC, a subject of discourse

a tract of country. a general head.

;

TOP'ICALLY, locally

with reference to

locality.

TOPOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) the description of a particular place.

388.

Tox'ikon,

poison.
;

INTOX'ICATE, to

make drunk

to inebriate.

the windpipe. TRA'CHEAL, pertaining to the windpipe. TRACHEOT'OMY, (tomos,) the operation of cutting the wind-

389.

Trachei' a,

pipe.

tragedy. Trag'os, a goat. a writer or actor of tragedy. TRAGE'DIAN,

390.

Trago'dia,

391.

Trape&'ion,

a quadrilateral with unequal sides.

sides, of

TBAPE'ZIUM, a figure having four

parallel.

which no two are

TRAP'EZOID, (eidos,) a quadrilateral having two sides parallel,

392.

Treis, tri'a,

three.

See Latin roots, page 212.

TRI'GON, (gonia,) a figure having three angles and sides. TRIM'ETER, (metron,) a. consisting of three poetical measures.
'

TRI'POD, (podos,) any vessel supported on three feet.

Trochai'os, running. TRO'CHEE, a poetic foot consisting of a long and short syllable. TRUCK, a kind of carriage with low wheels.
TEOCHA'IC, pertaining to trochees.

393.

Trop'os, a turning a change. a figure of speech which changes a word from its origiTROPE, nal meaning for the sake of giving life to an idea.
394.
;

TRO'PHY, a monument or memorial of victory. TROP'ICAL, being within or incident to the tropics.
395.

Ty'phos,

stupor from fever.

TY'PHOID, (eidos,) resembling typhus fever. TY'PHUS, a kind of fever accompanied with great debility.

GREEK DERIVATIVES.
396. Ty'pos, a type
;

287

an emblem.

AN'TITYPE, that which is prefigured by the type. TYPE, an emblem a sign.

;

TYP'ICAL, figurative; emblematical. TYP'IFY, to represent by an emblem or an image. TYPOGRAPHY, (grapho,) the art of printing.
397.

Tyra'nnos,

a tyrant

a despot.

TYKAN'NICIDE, (L. csedo,) the act of killing a tyrant. TYR'ANNIZE, to act as a tyrant.

TY'RANT, an absolute monarch

398. Tfr'anos.
See

a despotic ruler.

Ou'ranos.

URANOG'RAPHY, (grapho,) a description of the heavens. URANOL'OGY, (logos,) the science of the heavenly bodies.
399.

Xy'lon, wood.
(lithos,) petrified

LITHOX'YLE,

wood.

XYLOGRAPHY,

(grapho,) engraving on wood.

;

400. Ze'los, zeal ardor. ZEAL, ardor earnestness. ZEAL' ous, ardent eager.
; ;

401.

Ze'phyros,

the west wind

;

a gentle breeze.

ZEPH'YR, the west wind

soft,

gentle wind.

402. Zo'ne, a girdle.

ZONE, a division of the earth

;

circuit.

403. Zo'on, an animal a living creature. ZO'DIAC, a circle in the heavens extending 8 each side of the
ecliptic, in

which the planets revolve.

ZOOG'KAPHY, (grapho,) a description of animals. ZO'OLITE, (lithos,) fossil or petrified animal substance.
ZOOL'OGY, (logos,) the science which treats of animals.

288

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.

REVIEW OF GREEK ROOTS.

50.
6.

1.

Academic.
7.

2.

Ache.

3.
8.

Acropolis.

4.

Aerie.

5.

Alexander.

Baroscope. 9. Basilisk. 10. Bibliomania. 11. Biology. 12. Bucolic. 14. Disaster. 13. Debase. 15. Emblem. 16. Eucharist. 17. Hyperbole. 18. Hydraulics. 19. Log-

Androphagus.

Anemone.

arithms.

20.

Misanthropy.

21. Parallax.
25. Symbolize.

22. Patriarch.

23.

Pedo-

baptism.

24. Polyanthus.
I.

100.

Achromatic.
6.

2. 7.

Anchorite.

3.

Anecdote.
8.

4.

Cardialgia.

Cenobite.

Christendom.

Cordage.

Balsam. 5. 9. Anthro-

pophagi, (phago.) 10. Deuteronomy. 11. Dilemma. 12. Elasticity. 13. Entomology. 14. Georgic. 15. Hermit. 16. Idolatry. 17. Isochronous.
18.

Melancholy.

22. Palindrome.

19. Metallurgy. 20. Orthodox. 21. Pachydactylous. 23. Pandect. 25. Undecagon. 24. Surgeon.
2.

lion.

Anthropophagi. 4. Aphe8. Circumgyration. 9. Diagonal. 10. Ephemeral. 11. Hydra. 12. Ethics. 13. Ethnography. 14. Euphemism. 15. Gastric. 16. Energy. 17. Hemorrhage. 18. Hexagon. 19. Hippopotamus. 20. Hour. 21. Hydraulics. 22.

150.

1.

Anachronism.
6.

Anagram.
7.

3.

5.

Apogee.

Cathedral.

Catholicism.

Hydrostatics.

23. Ichthyology.

24.

Perigee.
3.
8.

25. Perihelion.

200.
5.

1.

Antagonist.
6.

2.

Apocalypse.
7.

Aristocrat.

4.

Asteroid.
9.

Catalepsy.
10.

Conchology.
11.

Conies.
12.

Cosmopolitan.

Cyclo-

pedia.
14.

Cynic.
19.

Democracy.

Epicycle.

Kleptomania.
Pericardium.

15. Hypercritical. Apology. 20.

13. Encomium. Elliptical. 18. 16. Hypocrite. 17. Isosceles.

Macrocosm.
24. Pyrolatry.
3.

21.

Necromancy.

22.

23. Protomartyr.

25. Tautology.
4.

250.
5.

1.

Amnesty.
6.

2.

Amorphous.
7.

Antinomian.
8.

Arsenic.
10. 15.

Basilica.

Bronchitis.

Catoptrics.

Period.

9.

Diocese.

Dioptrics.

11.

Patronymic. 20. Numismatics.

14. 13. Exodus. 12. Episode. 16. Microphone. 17. Monogram. 18. Monk.

Economy.

Organ.
19.

21. Ontology.

22. Parish.

23.

Myopy. Synonymous. 24.

Tragedy.

300.
5.

1.

Antipathy.
6.

2.

Bipetalous.
7.

3.

Cataplasm.

4.

Diaphanous.

Disorganize.

10. 14.

9. Fantastic. 8. Fancy. Epiphany. 13. Metaphysics. 12. Ichthyophagy. Frenzy. 11. Hydrophobia. 18. 17. Parody. 16. Pachydermata. 15. Oxide. Ornithology.

Empiric.

Pentateuch.
Protoplast. Varioloid.

19. Periosteum.

20. Periphrase. 24. Sarcophagus.

21.

Phosphorous.

22. 26.

23.

Ehapsody.

25.

Symmetry.

REVIEW OF GREEK
350.
5. 9. 1.

ROOTS.
Catarrh.
8.

289
Cosmopolitan.

Antipodes.
6.

2.

Archbishop.
7.

3.

4.

Episcopacy.
Helioscope.

Epispastic.

Geoponical.

Gymnospermous.
Mesopotamia.
16. Parasite.

13.

Metempsychosis.

12. 10. Impolitic. 11. Interpolation. 15. Paraselene. 14. Metropolitan.

18. Pomposity. 19. Practical. 20. Pyramid. 21. Sarcastic. 17. Policy. 22. Spasm. 23. Solecism. 24. Telescope. 25. Unsophisticated.

403.
trophe.

1.

Anathema.
Distich.
11.
15.
7.

2.

Apostolic.
8.

3.

Atheism.

4.
9.

Atom.

5.

Catas10. 14.

6.

Ecstasy.

Epitome.
Intoxicate.

Euthanasia.
13.

Hypotenuse. Meteorology.
Stoicism.
23.

Hypothecate.

12.

Logician.

18. 17. Stigmatize. 16. Pharmacy. Peripatetic. 19. Sycophant. 20. Tactician. 22. Trimeter. 21. Tetragon.

Uranography.

24. Zoolite.

25. Zoology.

LATIN.
Caro.
Facies.

Cutis.

Femina. Animus. Anima. Mens. Corpus. Os. Vena, a vein. Caput. Capillus, hair. Sanguis. Frons. Oculus. Nasus. Labium, a lip. Auris, the ear.
Dens.
Pectus.

Homo and

Lingua.
the neck.

Guttur, the throat.

Jugulum, the throat.

Cervix,

Femor, Spina, the backbone. the thigh. Genu. Pes. Planta. Brachium, the arm. Manus. Digitus. Pugna, the fist. Palma, the palm of the hand. Ruga, a wrinkle. Pater. Mater. Maritus, a husband. Uxor, a wife. Frater. Soror,
a
sister.

Pulmo.

Dorsum.

Filius.

Filia.

Puer.

Puella, a

little

girl.

Vir.

Kex, a

king.

Gubernator.

Amicus.

GREEK.
On.
skull.

Derma.

artery.

Pneuma. Phren. Psyche. Bios. Anthropos and Gyne. Neuron. Osteon. Phleps, phlebos, a vein. Arteria, an Chole. Sarx. Phone. Kranium, the Chylos. Kephale.
eye,

Ops, the
Cheir.

the face.

Odous.
Stethos.

Daktylos.

Pygme.

Ophthalmos. Bronchos.
Skelos.

Ous, otos-, the ear. Trachea. Thorax. Pous.

Pleura.

Pneumon.
Meter.

Kardia.

Nekros.

Aner.
kolos.
1.

Papas.
Peirates.
2.

Adelphos. Pais. Philos. Tyrannos. Orphanos. Tekton.

aKovcj.
3.

Basileus.

Bou-

ayopa.

ayye/lAw.

4.

avrog.

5.

aorpov.

6.

av"kog.

7. paTTTO).
rrjp.

8. fiapog.

9. pidhog.

10. j3ofou.

11. fiovKohog.

12.

x a P aK

-'

13. xupeo).

14. %etp.

15.

xp va

'

16. daijuwv.

17. dig.

18. 8vg.

19. eiKuv.
ev.

26.

liTTrog.
7i7]Brj.

21. sv. 22. aidrjp. 23. e6og. 24. ervpov. 28. jTuos. 29. edpa. 30. 87rra. 31. #. 27. 7pa0w. 33. vdcjp. 34. KCLVCJV. 35. vietyahr). 36. KVK^og. 37. /ie^f. 41. pad?)pa. 39. hoyog. 40. /J.a%o/j,ai. 42. (JLEV. 43. fj-ovog.
yvj.

20. eidutov.

25.
32. 38.

44. 50.

venpog.
tyOeyfta.

45.
51.

vojLLog.

46.

udrj.

47.

eidog.

48.

ovg.

49.

rraTrag.

TTOIEG).

52.

^v^?j.

53.

*pEG).

54.

PG^T;.

55.

56. ^uKpaTijg.

57. rerpa.

58. rpciKs^iov.

59. ovpavog.

60.

a)

25

KEY.
has not been deemed advisable to insert in the

ITwords,

Key many

simple
is

whose analysis
;

is

perfectly obvious

thus, if anciently

given, ancient is not affable is not inserted, because if affability contains ble, affable, from which it is derived, must also contain it; if choleric has not er, it is equally absent from choler ; ambition is exactly

the same as ambitious, except in the suffix. Every word is given about which the slightest doubt could exist, and the greatest care has been

taken to decide the

a prefix or suffix, with a small letter. Roots defined in the Key, are not found in the body of the work. A few words are analyzed, which are not inserted under their roots.
;

A root commences with a capital

difficult questions which constantly arise. "Words derived from Greek roots are indicated by (Gr.).

of the derivative differs materially from its root, given in parenthesis Ex., Affiance, Fido. (Fr. Fiance.) It is not intended that such explanations should be learned they are inserted to show the changes which words undergo.

When the orthography

is

the explanation

An

interrogation

mark

indicates a doubt.

Abbreviate, ab. Brevis; ate. Abdicate, ab. Dico ; ate. Aberration, ab. Erratum; ion. Abject, ab. Jactum. Able. Habeo; ble. Ablution, ab. Lutum; ion.

Academic,
Accede,
ac.

(Gr.)

Akademia;

ic.

Cedo.

Accelerate, ac. Celer ; ate. Acceptable, ac. Captum ; able. Accessory, ac. Cessum; ory.

Acclamation,
Acclivity, ac.

Abnormal,

ab.

Norma;

al.

ac. Clamatum; ion. Clivus ; ity.

ate.

Abolish, ab. Oleo; ish. Abolition, ab. Olitum; ion.

ab. Unda. Abrasion, ab. Rasum; ion. Abrogate, ab. Rogo; ate. Abrupt, ab. Ruptum. Absent, abs. Entis. Absolutely, ab. Solutum; ly. Absolution, ab. Solutum; ion. Absolve, ab. Solvo. Abstinenoe, abs. Tcneo; ence. Abstract, abs. Tractum. Abstruseness, abs. Trusum; ness. Abundance, ab. Unda; ance. Abuse, ab. Usus.

Accommodate, ac, com. Modus; Accompany, ac, com. Panis.

Abound,

Accomplished, ac, com. Pleo; ish. Accordance, ac. Cordis; ance. Account, ac, con. Puto. Accumulate, ac. Cumulus; ate. Accurate, ac. Oura; ate. Accusation, ac. Causatum; ion.
Accuse, ac. Causa. Accrues, ac. Oresco. Acephalous, (Gr.) a. Kephale; ous. Acerbity. Acerbus; ity.
Acetic. Acetum; ic. Acetification. Acetum, Acetose. Acetum; ose.

Factum;

ion.

290

KEY.
Ache, (Gr.) Acfios. Achromatic, (Gr.) a. Chroma; Acidity. Aceo; id, ity.
Acidulate.
Acidulus';
ate.
ic.

291

Acknowledge, ac. Nosco. (Some derive this from the Saxon.) Acoustics, (Gr.) Akouo; ics.
Acquiesce, ac. Quies. Acquire, ac. Quaero. Acquisition, ac. Qusesitum; ion. Acrid. Acris; id. Acrimony. Acris; mony. Acropolis, (Gr.) Akron,' Polis. Acrospire, (Gr.) Akron, Sperma. Acrostic, (Gr.) Akron, Stichos.
Active. Actual.

Affluence, af. Fluo; ence. Agent. Ago; ent. Aggrandize, ag. Grandis; ize. Aggravation, ag. Grams; ate, ion. Agile. Agiiis (irom Ago) ; He,. Agility. Agilis (from Ago); He, ity. Agitation. Agito; ate, ion.

Agony,

(Gr.)

Agon;

y.

Agrarianism.

Agri; an, ism.

Agree, a. Gratia. Agriculture. Agri, Cultum; ure. Alchemist, (Gr.) al. Chymos; ist.

Alchemy,

(Gr.) al.

Chymos;

y.

Actum; Actum;
Acutum.

ive. al.

Acumen. Acuo.
Acute.

Adamantine,
Adapt, ad.

(Gr.) a.

Damao;
ion.

ant. inc.

Add, ad.

Aptus. Do.

Addition, ad.

Datum;

Adduce, ad. Duco. Adequate, ad. JEqum ; ate. Adherence, ad. Hasreo ; ence.
Jaceo ; ent. Adjective, ad. Jactum ; ive. ad. Jungo ; ing. Adjoining, Adjunct, ad. Junctum. Adjust, ad. Justus.

Adjacent, ad.

Alienation. Alienus; ate, ion. Alien. Alienus. Aliment. AHtum; ment. Aliquot. Alius, Quot. Allegation, al. Legatum; ion. Allegiance, al. Ligo; once. Allegory, (Gr.) Allos, Agora; y. Alleviate, al. Levis; ate. Alliance, al. Ligo; ance. Allude, al. Ludo. Allusion, al. Lusum; ion. Alphabetically, (Gr.) Alpha, Beta; ical, ly. Altercation. Alter; ion. (L. Altercatio.) Alternation. Alternus; ate, ion. Altitude. Alii; tude. Ama, together. Amalgamate, (Gr.) Gameo ; ate, or Malagma, a poultice.

Administer, ad. Minister. Administration, ad. Ministri; ate, Admirably, ad. Minis; able, ly. Admiration, ad. Miratus; ion. Admission, ad. Missum; ion.

ion.

Amanuensis, a. Manus. Ambidexter, ambo. Dexter. Ambient, amb. Itum ; ent. Ambiguity, ambi. Ago; ity. Ambition, amb. Itum; ion.
Ameliorate,
.

a.
a.

Melior ;

ate.

Admit, ad.

Mitto.
ion.

Amendment,

Admonish, ad. Moneo ; ish. Admonition, ad. Monitum;

Adopt, ad. Opto. Adoration, ad. Oratum;ion. Adorn, ad. Onto. Adulation. Adulatum; ion.
Adult, ad. Olitum. Adulterate, ad. Alter; ate. Advent, ad. Ventum. Adventitious, ad. Ventum; ous. Adverb, ad. Verbum.

Adversary, ad.

Versum; ary.

Amiable. Amo ; able. Amicable. Amicus; able. Amity. Amo; ity. Ammunition, am. Munition; ion. Amnesty, (Gr.) a. Mneo; ty. Amorphous, (Gr.) a. Morphe; ous. Amphibious, (Gr.) amphi. Bios; ous. Amphiscii, (Gr.) amphi. Skia. Amphitheatre, (Gr.) amphi. Theatron. Amplification. Amplus, Factum; ion. Amplify. Amplus ; fy. Amplitude. Amplus; tude.

Menda;

mcnt.

Adversity, ad. Versum; ity. Advert, ad. Verto. Advertise, ad. Vertum; ise. Advice, ad. Visum. Advocate, ad. Voco; ate.
Aerial, (Gr.)

Amply. Amplus; ly. Amputation, am. Puto; ale, Amputate, am. Puto; ate.

ion.

Aer;
(Gr.)

al.

Aerography,

Aerolite, (Gr.)

Aer, Grapho ; y. Aer, Lithos. Aeromancy, (Gr.) Aer, Manteia; y. Aerometer, (Gr.) Aer, Metron. Aeronaut, (Gr.) Aer, Nauta.

Affability, af.

Fari;

ble, ity.

Affectation, af. Factum; ion. Affection, af. Factum; ion. Affiance, af. Pido. (Fr. Fiance.) Affiliation, af. Filius; ate, ion. Affinity, af. Finis; ity. Affirm, af. Firmus.

Anabaptist, (Gr.) ana. Bapto; ist. Anachronism, (Gr.) ana. Chronos; ism. Anagram, (Gr.) ana. Gramma. Analogy, (Gr.) ana. Logos; y. Analysis, (Gr.) ana. Lysis. Analytical, (Gr.) ana. Lytikos; ical. Anarchy, (Gr.) ana. Arche; y. Anathema, (Gr.) ana. Thema. Anatomy, (Gr.) ana. Tomos; y. Ancestor, ante. Cessum ; or. Anchorite, (Gr.) ana. Choreo; ite. Anciently. Antiquus; ent, ly. Androphagus, (Gr.) Andros, Phago.

Anecdote,
(Affir-

(Gr.) an. ec.

Dotos.

Affirmation, matio.)
Affliction, af.

af.

Firmus;

ion.

Anemography, (Gr.) Anemos, Grapho; y Anemometer, (Gr.) Anemos, Metron. Anemone, (Gr.) Anemos.
Angel, (Gr.)
Angello.

Flictum; ion.

292

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Apothesis, (Gr.) apo.
Thesis.

Anger. Ango. Angle. Angulus. Anguish. Ango. Angular. Angulus;

ion.

ar.

Animadversion. Animus; ad. Versum;

Animadvert. Animus; ad. Verto. Animalcule. Anima; al, cule. Animation. Anima; ate, ion.
Animosity. Animus; ity. Annals. Annus; al. Annexation, an. Nexum ; ion. Annihilation, an. Nihil; ate, ion. Anniversary. Annus, Versum; ary. Anno Domini. Annus, Dominus. Anno Mundi. Annus, Mundus. Announce, an. Nuncio.

Apparatus, ap. Paratum. Apparel, ap. Paro. Apparent, ap. Pareo ; ent. Apparition, ap. Paritum; ion. Appeal, ap. Pello. Appearance, ap. Pareo; ance. Appease, ap. Pads. Appendix, ap. Pendeo.
Appetite, ap. Petitum. Applaud, ap. Pla-udo. Application, ap. Plicatum; ion. Apply, ap. Plico. Appreciate, ap. Predum; ate. Apprehend, ap. Prehendo. Apprise, ap. Prehensum. (Fr. Prise.) Approach.ap. Proximus. (Fr.Approcher.) Approbation, ap. Probatum ; ion. Appropriate, ap. Proprius ; ate. Approve, ap. Probo.

Annual. Annus; al. Annuity. Annus; ity. Annular. Annulus; ar.

Anoint, an.
Unctum.
ous.
ous.

Approximate;^.
Aptitude.

Anomalous, (Gr.) an. Omalos; Anomaly. (Gr.) an. Omalos; y.

Proximus; Aptus; tude.

ate,

Anonymous,

(Gr.) an.

Onyma;

Aquarium. Aqua Aquatic. Aqua; ic.

Aqueduct. Aqua, Ductum. Aqueous. Aqua; ous. Arable. Aro; able. Arbitrament. Arbitri; ment.
Arbitrary. Arbitri; ary. Arbitration. Arbitri; ate, ion. Arbitrator. Arbitri; ate, or. Arboriculture. Arbor. Outturn; ure. Archaeology, (Gr.) Arche, Logos; y.

Antagonist, (Gr.) ant. Agon; ist. Antarctic, (Gr.) ant. Arktos; ic. Antecedent, ante. Cedo; ent. Antediluvian, ante. Diluvium; an. Antepenultimate, ante. Pene, Ultimus;
ate,

Anther, (Gr.) Anthos. Anthology, (Gr.) Anthos, Logos; y. Anthropology, (Gr.) Antfiropos, Logos; y. (Gr.) Anthropos, Phago. Antichrist, (Gr.) anti. Christos. Anticipation, anti. Capio; ate, ion. Antidote. (Gr.) anti. Dotos.

Anthropophagi,

Archaism, (Gr.) Arche; ism. Archangel, (Gr.) Arche, Angello. Archbishop, (Gr.) Arche; epi. Skopeo. Archetype, (Gr.) Arche, Typos.
Architecture, (Gr.) Arche, Tekton; ure. Archives, (Gr.) Arche. Arctic, (Gr.) Arktos; ic. Ardent. Ardeo; ent. Ardor. Ardeo ; or.

Antinomy, (Gr.) anti. Nomos ; y. Antinomian, (Gr.) anti. Nomos; ian.

Antipathy, (Gr.) anti.
Pathos;
y.
ic.

Antiphlogistic, (Gr.) anti.

Phlegma;

Antipodes, (Gr.) anti. Podos. Antiquary. Antiquus; ary. Antiquate. Antiquus; ate. Antique. Antiquus.
Antiscii, (Gr.) anti. Skia. Thesis. Antithesis, (Gr.) anti.

Arduous.
Argue.

Arduus;

ous.
ous.

Argentiferous.

Argentum, Fero;

Arguo.

Argument.

Arguo; ment.

Argumentative.
Aristocracy, (Gr.)
Aristocrat, (Gr.)

Arguo ; ment,

ive.

Anxiety. Anxi; ety. Apathy, (Gr.) a. Pathos; y. Aperture. Apertum; ure. Apetalous, (Gr.) a. Petalon; ous. Aphelion, (Gr.) ap. Helios. Apheresis, (Gr.) ap. Hairens. Aphorism, (Gr.) ap. Horos; ism. Apocalypse, (Gr.) apo. Kalypto. Apocope, (Gr.) apo. Kope.

Aristos, Kratos; y. Aristos, Kratos. (Gr.) Arithmos, Manteia; Arithmancy, Arithmetic* (Gr.) Arithmos; ic.

y.

Arm. Arma. Armada. Arma. Armament. Arma;

Armistice.

ment.

Apocrypha, (Gr.) apo. Krypto. Apocryphal, (Gr.) apo. Krypto; Apogee, (Gr.) apo. Ge. Apologue, (Gr.), apo. Logos. Apology, (Gr.) apo. Logos; y.

Arma, Sto ; ice. Armor. Arma; or. Armorer. Arma ; or, er. Armory. Arma; ory.
al.

Army. Arma; y. Aroma, (Gr.) Aroma.

Aromatics,
Arrive, ar.
(Gr).

Aromata;

ics.

Arrest, ar, re.

Sto.

Apostasy, (Gr.) apo. Stasis; y. Apostle, (Gr.) apo. SteUo. Apostolic, (Gr.) apo. Stello ; ic. Apostrophe, (Gr.) apo. Strophe. Apothecary, (Gr.) apo. Theke; ary. Apothegm, or Apophthegm, (Gr.) apo. Phthegma. Apotheosis, (Gr.) apo. Theos.

Arrogant, Arrogate, Arsenic, (Gr.)

Ritnis. ar. Rogo ; ant. ar. Rogo; ate.

Arsen, strong, Nike.

Arson.

Arsum.

Art. Artis. Article. Articulus. Articulation. Articulus; ate, ion.

KEY.
Artificer. Artificial.
Arils, Facio; er. Artis, Facio; al.

293
a. a.

Available,

Avenue,

a.

Valeo Venio.

; able.

Artis; an. Artless. Artis; less. Ascertain, as. Certus. Asperity. Asper; ity. Aspersion, a lor ad. Sparsum; ion. Aspirant, a. Spiro; ant. Aspiration, a. Spiro ; ate, ion. Assailant, as. Salio ; ant. Assault, as. Saltum. Assenting, as. Sentio; ing. Assertor, as. Sertum ; or. Assessor, as. Sessum; or. Asseveration, as. Severus; ate, ion.

Artisan.

Versum; ion. Aversion, Avert, a for ab. Verto. Aviary. Avis; ary. Avocation, a. Vocatum ; ion. Avowal, a. Voveo; al.

Av9w, a. Voveo. Axiom, (Gr.) Axioma.

Balmy, (Gr.) Balsamon; y. Balsam, (Gr.) Balsamon. Bankrupt. Abacus, a bench. Baptist, (Gr.) Bapto ; ist. Baptize, (Gr.) Bapto ; ize.

Ruptum.

Assiduous, as. Sedeo; ous. Assimilate, as. Similis ; ate. Associate, as. Socius; ate. Association, as. Socius ; ate, ion.

Barbarous. Barbarus; ous. Barometer, (Gr.) Baros. Metron. Baroscope, (Gr.) Baros, Skopeo. Barytone, (Gr.) Baros, Tonos.
Basis. Basilica, (Gr.) Basileus. Basilicon, (Gr.) Basileus. Basilisk, (Gr.) Basileus; isk. Beatific. Beatus, Facio. Beatitude. Beatus; tude. Belligerent. Bellum, Gcro; ent.

Assuage,

as.

Suavis.
as.

Base, (Gr.)
ion.

Assumption,

Sumptum ;

Asterisk, (Gr.) Astron; isk. Asteroid, (Gr.) Astron, Eidos. Asteroidal. (Gr.) Astron, Eidos; Astral, (Gr.) Astron; al. Astringent, a. Stringo ; ent. Astrologer, (Gr.) Astron, Logos; Astronomy, (Gr.) Astron, Nomos

al.

er.
;

y.

Asymptote, (Gr.) Atheism, (Gr.) a.

Athletic, (Gr.)

a,

sym.
ic.

Ptoma.

Theos; ism.
ic.

Athlos;

Atmospheric,

Atom,

(Gr.) Atmos, Sphaira; Tomos. (Gr.) a. Atonic, (Gr.) a. Tonos.

Benediction. Bene, Dictum; ion. Benefaction. Bene, Factum; ion. Benefice. Bene, Facio. Beneficence. Bene, Facio; ence. Beneficial. Bene, Facio; al. Benefit. Bene, Facio. Benevolence. Bene, Volo ; ence. Benignity. Bcnignus; ity.
Bible, (Gr.)
Biblos.
;

Atrocity. Atrocis; Attain, at. Tango.

ity.

(Fr. Atteindre.)

Attempt, at. Tento. Attendant, at. Tendo; ant. Attention, at. Tentum; ion. Attentive, at. Tentum; ive. Attenuate, at. Tennis; ate.
Attest, at.
Testis.
ive.

Bibliographer, (Gr.) Biblos, Grapho Bibliomania, (Gr.) Biblos. Mania.

Bibliopolist, (Gr.)
Biblos, 'Poleo
;

er.

ist.

Bibliothecal, (Gr.) Biblos, Theke; Biennial. Bis, Annas ; al.

al.

Bigamist, (Gr.)

Bigamy,

(Gr.)

L. Bis. L. Bis.

Gameo; ist. Gameo; y.

y.

Tractum ; Attractive, at. Attribute, at. Tributum. Attune, (Gr.) at. Tonos.

Biography, (Gr.) Bios, Grapho; Biped. Bis, Pedis.

Bipetalous, (Gr.)
Biscuit. Bis. Bisect. Bis, Sectum. Bishop, (Gr.) epi. Skopeo. Blasphemy, (Gr.) Blapto, Boil. Eulla.

Auctioneer. Auctum ; ion, eer. Audacious. Audeo; acious. Audible. Audio; Ue. Audience. Audio; ence. Audit. Auditum. Auditory. Auditum; ory.

L. Bis. Petalon; ous. (Fr. Cuit, baked.)

Phano ;
ical.
;

y.

Botanical, (Gr.)

Botane;

Augeo ; men?. Augur. Augur. Augury. Augur; y. Auriferous. Aurum, Fero;

Augment.

Botanology, (Gr.) Botane, Logos Botany, (Gr.) Botane ; y. Bounty. Bonus; ty.
ous.

y.

Brevity.
Brief.

Brevis;

ity.

Auspices. Avis, Specio. Auspicious. Avis, Specio; ous. Authentic, (Gr.) Authenteo ; ic. Authenticity, (Gr.) Authenteo ;

Brevis.

ic, ity.

Author.

Augeo; or. Augeo ; or, ity. Autobiography, (Gr.) Autos, Bios, Grapho; y. Autograph, (Gr.) Autos, Grapho.
Authority.
Autos, Matos; ical. Automaton, (Gr.) Autos, Maton. Autonomous, (Gr.) Autos, Nomos; ous. Autonomy, (Gr.) Autos, Nomos ; y. Autopsy, (Gr.) Autos, Opsis; y. Auxiliary. Auxilium; ary.

Bronchial (Gr.) Bronchos; al. Bronchocele, (Gr.) Bronchos, Kde. Bronchotomy, (Gr.) Bronchos, Tomos; y. Bucolic, (Gr.) Boukolos; ic.

Cachexy,

mind or body

(Gr.)

Kakos, Hexis, state of

;

y.
y.

Automatical, (Gr.)

Cacophony, (Gr.) Kakos, Phone; Cadence. Cado; ence.

Calamitous. Calamitas; ous. Calamity. Calamitas; ity.
Calculate.
Caloric.

Caligraphy, (Gr.)
Color;

Calculus; ate. Kalos, Grapho;

ic.

y.

25*

294

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
ate.

Calumny. Calumnia; y. Candidate. Candeo ; id, Candor. Candeo; or. Canine. Canis ; ine.
Canon,
(Gr.)

Kanon.

Centurion. Centum. Cephalalgy, (Gr.) Kephale, Algos; Ceremonial. Ceremonia; al. Ceremonious. Ceremonia; ous Ceremony. Ceremonia; y.
Certain.
Certus. Certificate. Certus, Facio; ate. Certus; fy. Certify. Cessation. Cessatum; ion. Cession. Cessum; ion.

y.

Canonical, (Gr.) Kanon; ical. Canonize, (Gr.) Kanon : ize. Canticle. Canto; cle. Capacious. Capio; adous. Capacity. Capio; ity; (state of being capacious.) Capacitate. Capio; ity, ate.
Capital. Capitol.
Capitis; al. Caput. (Capitol, a building in

Chant.

Canto.
;

Chaotic, (Gr.) Chaos ; ic. Characterize, (Gr.) Charakter Charity, (Gr.) Charts; ity.
Canto. Charnel. Carnis. Chart. Charta. Charter. Charta.

ize.

ancient

Rome where the

Senate met.)

Charm.

Capitation. Capitis ; ate, ion. Capitulate. Capitulum; ate. Captain. Caput. (Old Fr. Capitain.) Captious. Capium; ous. Captivate. Captum ; ive, ate. Carcass. Caro. L. Capsa, chest. Career. Curro. (Fr. Carriere.) Caress. Cams. Carnival. Carnis, Vale.

Carnivorous.

Oarnu, Voro; ous.

Castigate. Castigo; ate. Castigation. Castigo; ate, ion.

Chemical, (Gr.) Chymos; ical. Chemistry, (Gr.) Chymos; ist,ry. Cherish. Carus; ish. (Fr. Cher, dear.) Chim erical ( G r ) Chimaira ; ical. Chirography, (Gr.) Cheir, Grapho; y. Chirology, (Gr.) Cheir, Logos; y. Chiromancy, (Gr.) Cheir, Manteia; y. Chirurgeon, (Gr.) Cheir, Ergon.
,

Casualty. Casum ; al, ty. Catalepsy, (Gr.) kata. Lepsis; Catalogue, (Gr.) kata. Logos.

y.

Cholera, (Gr.) Chole. Choleric, (Gr.) Chole; Chord, (Gr.) Chorde.

ic.

Cataplasm, (Gr.) kata.

Plasso.

Chrism, (Gr.) Christos. Christ, (Gr.) Christos.

Catarrh, (Gr.) kata. Rheo. Catastrophe, (Gr.) kata. Strophe. Catechise, (Gr.) kata. Echco; ise. Catechism, (Gr.) kata. Ec/ieo; ism. Catechumen, (Gr.) kata. Echeo. Category, (Gr.) kata. Agora; y. Cathedral, (Gr.) kata. Hedra. Catholic, (Gr.) kata. Holos; ic. Catholicism, (Gr.) kata. Holos; ic, ism. Catoptrics, (Gr.) kata. Optomai; ics. Cause. Causa. Caustic, (Gr.) Kaustikos. Cauterize, (Gr.) Kaustikos; ize. Caution. Cautum ; ion. Cavern. Caverna. Cavil. CavUla.
Ceaseless.

Christendom,

(Gr.)

Christos;
ic.

dom.

Christmas,(Gr.) Christos, Mssssa,a. feast.(?)

Chromatic, (Gr.) Chronic, (Gr.) Chronos ; ic. Chronology, (Gr.) Chronos, Logos;

Chroma;

y.

Chronometer,

Chronos, Metron. Chrysos. Chrysanthemum, (Gr.) Chrysos, Anthos. Chrysolite, (Gr.) Chrysos, Lithos. Chrysology, (Gr.) Chrysos, Logos; y. Chyle, (Gr.) Chylos. Chylification, (Gr.) Chylos, Factum; ion. Cinerary. Cineris; ary. Circuitous, circum, Hum,', ous. Circulate. Circulus; ate. Circumgy ration, (Gr.) circum. Gyros; ate,
(Gr.)

Chrysalis, (Gr.)

Cessum;

less.

ion.

Celebration. Celebris; ate, ion. Celebrity. Celebris; ity.

Oder; ity. Celerity. Celestial. Ccelestis; al. Cellar. Cella. Cenobite, (Gr.) Koinos,
ite.

Circumjacent, circum. Jaceo, ent. Circumlocution, circum. Locutus; ion. Circumnavigation, circum. Navis, Ago;
ate, ion.

common.

Bios;

Kenos, empty. Taphos. Censor. Censeo; or. Censorious. Censeo ; or, ous. Censurable. Censeo ; ure, able. Census. Censeo. Century. Centum; ry. Centenarian. Centum, Annus; ian. Centennial. Centum. Annus; al. Center, (Gr.) Kentron. Centigrade. Centum, Gradior. Centipede. Centum, Pedis. Centrifugal. Centrum, the centre, or Gr. Kentron, Fugio; al. Centripetal. Centrum, the centre, or Gr. Kentron, Peto; al.

Cenotaph, (Gr.)

Circumscribe, circum. Scribo. Circumstance, circum. Sto ; ance. Circumvallation .circum. Vallum; ate.ion Circumvent, circum. Ventum.
Citation.
Cite.
Cito.

Citatum; ion.

Citizen. Civis. Civic. Civis; ic Civilian. Civis ; He, ian. Civilization. Civis; He, ize, ion.

Claimant. Clamo; ant. Clamorous. Clamo ; or, ous.

Clarify.

Clandestinely. Clandestinus ; Clarus ; fy. Clarion. Clarus.

ly.

Classical. Classis; ical. Classification. Classis, Factum; ion. Classis; fy. Classify.

KEY.
dausum. Clemency. Clemens;
Clause,

295
Punctum;
ion.

Compunction.com.

Clepsydra, (Or.)
Clinical. Cloister,

ency. Klepto, Hyflor.

er.

Concealment, con. Celo ; ment. Concede, con. Cedo.

Conceive, con. Capio. Concentrate, (Gr.) con. Kcntron; ate. Concentric, (Gr.) con. Kentron; ic. Conception, con. Captum; ion. Concern, con. Cerno. Concert, con. Certo. Conciliation. Concilium; ate, ion. Conciliatory. Concilium ; ate, ory. Concise, con. Csesum. Conclude, con. Cludo. Conclusive, con. Clusum ; ive. Concoct, con. Coctum. Concomitant, con. Comitis; ant.

Clino ; ical.

dausum;

Coagulation, co. Ago; ate. ion. Coalesce, co. Alo. (Alesco, I grow Coalition, co. Alitum ; ion. Code. Codex.
Codicil.
Codicis.

tip.)

Coercion, co. Arceo or Erceo ; ion. Coeval, co. JEvum ; al. Cogent, co. Ago: ent. Cogitate, co. Agito ; ate. Coincide, co, in. Cado. Coincidence, co, in. Cado; ence. Collapse, col. Lapsus.
Collateral, col. Latcris
;

al.

Colleague, col. Lego. Collect, col. Lectum. Colloquy, col. Loquor ; Colony. Colonus; y. Colonist. Colonus; ist.
Color.
Color.

Concordance, con. Cordis; ance. Concourse, con. Cursum. Concurrence, con. Curro ; ence. Concussion, con. Cussum; ion.

y.

Condemn, con.

Damnum.

Combine, com. Bini. Comedy, (Gr.) Komos, Ode;

Comfort, com.
Fortis.

y.

Comic, (Gr.) Komos; ic. Comity. Comis ; ity. Command, com. Mando. Commemorate, com. Memor; ate. Commendable, com. Mando; able. Commerce, com. Mercor. Commiserate, com. Miser ; ate. Commissary, com. Missum ; ary. Committee, com. Mitto; ee. Commodious, com. Modus; ous. Commodity, com. Modus; ity. Common, com. Munus. Commotion, com. Motum; ion. Communicative, com. Munus; ate, ive. Community, com. Munus; ity. Commute, com. Muto. Compact, com. Pactus. Company, com. Panis; y. Compare, com. Par. Compassionate, com. Passus ; ion. ate. Compatible, com. Patior ; Me. Compatriot, com. Patria. Compel, com. Pello. Compendious, com. Pendo; ous. Compensate, com. Pensum; ate. Competent, com. Peto ; ent. Competition, com. Petitum; ion. Compile, com. Pilo. Complacence, com. Placeo; ence. Complainant, com. Plango ; ant. Complement, com. Pleo; ment. Completely, com. Pletum ; ly. Complexion, com. Plexum ; ion. Complicate, com. Plico; ate. Compliment, com. Pleo; ment. Composure, com. Positum ; ure. Compotator.com. Potatum ; or. Comprehend, com. Prehendo. Comprehension, com. Prehensum ; ion. Compressible, com. Pressum; ible. Comprise, com. Prehendo. (Fr. Prise.) Compromise, com, pro. Missum. Compulsory, com. Pulsum; ory.

Condensation, con. Densus ; ion. Condense, con. Densus. Condescend, con, de. Scando. Condign, con. Dignus. Condition, con. Do ; ion. Condole, con. Doleo. Conduce, con. Duco. Conduct, con. Ductum. Conduit, con. Ductum. Confederacy, con. Fwderis; acy. Confederate, con. Fosderis; ate. Conference, con. Fero; ence. Confess, con. Fessum. Confidence, con. Fido ence. Confidential, con. Fido; ent, al. Confinement, con. Finis; ment. Confirmation, con. Firmus ; ion.
;

Confiscate, con. Fiscus; ate. Confiscation, con. Fiscus; ate, ion. Conflagration, con. Flagratum ; ion. Conflict, con. Flictum. Confluence, con. Ffuo; ence. Conformity, con. Forma; ity. Confound, con. Fundo. Confront, con. Frontis. Confusion, con. Fusum; ion. Confutation, con. Futatum; ion. Congeal, con. Gelo. Congenial, con. Genus; al. Congratulate, con. Gratus; ate. Congregation, con. Gregis; ate, ion. Congress, con. Gressus. Conic, (Gr.) Konos; ic. Conjecture, con. Jactum; ure. Conjugal, con. Jugum; al. Conjuncture, con. Junctum; ion. Conjure, con. Juro. Connection, con. Necto ; ion. Conoid, (Gr.) Konos, Eidos. Conqueror, con. Qutero ; or. Conquest, con. Quaesitum. Consanguinity, con. Sanguinis; ity. Conscience, con. Scio; ence. Conscientious, con. Scientia; ous. Consciousness, con. Scio ; ous, ness Conscription, con. Scriptum; ion. Consecrate, con. Sacer; ate. Consecutive, con. Secutus; ive. Consequence, con. Sequor; ence.

296

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Corpulency. Corpus; ency ; (state of being corpulent.)
Corpulent. Corpus; ulent. Corpuscle. Corpus; cle. Correction, cor. Rectum; ion. Correspond, cor, re. Spondeo. Corroborative, cor. Roboris; ate, ive. Corrupt, cor. Ruptum. Cosmetic, (Gr.) Kosmos; ic. Cosmogony, (Gr.) Kosmos, Genea ; y. Cosmopolitan, (Gr.) Kosmos, Politeia; an Cosmopolite. (Gr.) Kosmos, Polls ; ite, Council. Concilium. Counsel. Consulo, I consult. Count. Comitis. Countenance, con. Teneo ; ance. Counteract, counter. Actum. Courage. Cor; age. Courier. Curro; ier. Course. Cursum.
Court, (Gr.)
Chortos.

Consideration, con. Sedeo;ion. (Some derive it from Sidus. a star.) Console, con. Solor. Consolidate, con. Solidus; ate. Consonant, con. Sonus; ant. Consort, con. Sortis. Conspicuous, con. Specio; ous. Conspiracy, con. Spiro ; acy. Constant, con. Sto; ant. Constellatipn, con. Stella; ion. Consternation, con. Sterno; ion. Constitution, con. Statum; ion. Construction, con. Structum; ion. Construe, con. Struo. Consult. Consultum, to consult.

Consumption, con.

Sumptum;

ion.

Contact, con. Tactum. Contagion, con. Tango ; ion. Contain, con. Teneo. Contemporary, con. Temporis; ary. Contend, con. Tendo. Conterminous, con. Terminus; ous. Contest, con. Testis. Context, con. Textum. Contiguous, con. Tango; ous. Continental, con. Teneo; ent, al. Contingent, con. Tango; ent. Continual, con. Teneo; al. Continuity, con. Teneo; ity. Contortion, con. Tortum; ion. Contraction, con. Tractum; ion. Contradiction, contra. Dictum; ion. Contravene, contra. Venio. Contribute, con. Tributum. Tritum; ion. Contrition, con. Controversy, contro. Versum; y. Verto. Controvert, contro. Contumacy, con. Tumeo; acy. Contumely, con. Tumeo; y. Contusion, con. Titsum; ion. Convalescent, con. Valeo ; escent. Convene, con. Venio. Convenient, con. Venio; ent. Conventional, con. Ventum; ion, al. Converge, con. Vergo. Conversation, con. Versum; ion. Conversion, con. Versum; ion. Convert, con. Verto. Convexity, con. Vectum; ity. Convex, con. Veho. Conviction, con. Victum; ion. Convince, con. Vinco. Convivial, con. Vivo; al. Convocation, con. Vocatum; ion. Convoke, con. Voco. Convulsion, con. Vulsum; ion. Co-operate, co. Operis; ate.

Cousin, con.

Sanguinis.

(?)

Covenanter, co. Venio ; ant, er. Creator. Creatum; or. Creature. Creatum; ure. Credence. Credo; ence. Credential. Credo; al. (Credenda, cles of faith.)
Credible.

arti-

Credo; ible. Credit. Creditum. Credulous. Credo; ous. Crescent. Cresco; ent. Crime. Crimen. Criminal. Criminis; al.
Crisis, (Gr.) Krites. Criterion, (Gr.) Krites; ion. Criticise, (Gr.) Krites; ic, ise. Criticism, (Gr.) Krites; ic, ism. Critique, (Gr.) Krites.

Crocodile, (Gr.) Krokos, Deilos, fearful. (Webster, Krokodilos.) Crocus, (Gr.) Krokos.
Cross.
Crucis.

Crown.

Corona. Crucial. Crucis; al. Crucible. Crucis; ible. Crucifixion. Crucis, Fixum; ion.

Cruciform. Crucis, Forma. Crude. Crudis.

Cruel.
Crudelis.

Crusade. Crucis. Crypt, (Gr.) Krypto.

Cryptogamous, (Gr.) Krypto. Gameo; ous. Cryptography, (Gr.) Krypto, Grapho; y.

Crystalline, (Gr.) Crystallize, (Gr.)
Krystallos; ine. Krystallos; ize.

Cordage, (Gr.)

Chorde; age.

Cordial. Cordis; al. Cordiality. Cordis; al, ity. Cornet. Cornu; et. Cornucopia. Cornu, Copia. Corollary. Corona; ary. Corona. Corona.

Coronation. Corona; ion. Coroner. Corona; er. Coronet. Corona; et. Corporal. Corporis; al. Corporation. Corporis; ate, ion. Corporeal. Corporis; al.

Culpa; able. Cultivate. Cultum; ate. Cumulative. Cumulus; Curable. Cura; able. Curate. Cura; ate. Curious. Cura; ous. Currency. Curro; ency. Current. Curro; ent. Cursory. Cursum; ory. Curve. Curvus.
Culpable.

ate, ive.

Curvilinear. Curvus, Linea Custody. Custodis; y.

at.

Cutaneous.
1

Cutis; ous.

Cycle, (Gr.)

Kyklos.

KEY.
Cycloid, (Gr.) Kyklos, Eidos. Cyclopedia, (Gr. ) Kyklon, Patricia. Cylinder, (Gr.) Kylindros; cr. Cylindric, (Gr.) Kylindros; ic. Cynic, (Gr.) Kyon ; ic. Cynosure. Kyon, Oura, the tail.

297

Deliberation.de. Libra; ate, ion. Delineate, de. Linea; ate.

Delinquency, de. Linquo; ency. Delude, de. Ludo. Deluge. Diluvium.

Dactylology, (Gr.)

Damage.
Dauntless.

Damnum
Domo;

Daktylos, Logos;
;

y.

age.

Lusum; ion. Demagogue, (Gr.) Demos, Agogeus. Democracy, (Gr.) Demos, Kratos ; y. Demolish, de. Molwr; ish.
Delusion, de.

less.

Demolition, de.

Molitus; ion.

Deacon, (Gr.), dia. Dean, (Gr.) Deka.

Koneo.

Debase, (Gr.) de. Basis. Debilitate, de. Habeo; ate. (Debilis.) Debility, de. Habeo; ity. (Debilis.) Debit. Debitum.
Debtor.

Demoniac, (Gr.) Daimon; ac. Demonocracy. (Gr.) Daimon, Kratos; $. Demonolatry, (Gr.) Daimon, Latreia; y Demonology, (Gr.) Daimon, Logos; y.
Demonstrate, de. Monstro; ate. Demoralize, de. Moris; al, ize. Denial, de. Nego; al. Denomination.de. Nominis; ate, Denote, de. Nota. Denounce, de. Nuncio. Dense. Dcnsus. Density. Densus; ity.

Debitum; Decade, (Gr.) Deka, or L. Decem. Decagon, (Gr.) Deka, Gonia. Decalogue, (Gr.) Deka, Logos.
or.

ion.

Decapolis, (Gr.) Deka, Polis. Decay, de. Cado. Decease, de. Cessum.

December. Decem.
Decemvirate. Decem, Vir ; Decency. Decens; y. Decennial. Decem, Annus;
'

ate.
al.

Decide, de.

Csedo.

Deciduous, de.

Cado ;

ous.

Decimal. Decem; al. Decimation. Decem; ate, al. Decision, de. Csesum ; ion. Decisive, de. Csesum ; ive. Declamation, de. dam-alum

Dental. Dentis; al. Dentifrice. Dentis, Frico, I rub. Dentist. Dentis; ist. Denude, de. Nudus. Denunciation, de. Nuncio; ate, ion. Deny, de. Nego. Depart, de. Partis. Depict, de. Pictum. Deplorable, de. Ploro; able. Deposition, de. Positum; ion.

ion.

Declaration, de. Clarus; ion. Declination, de. Clinatum ; ion. Decline, de. Clino. Declivity, de. Cliinis; ity. Decoction, de. Coctum ; ion. Decompose, de, com. Positum. Decorate. Decor; ate. Decorum. Decor. Decree, de. Cretum. Decrepitude, de. Crepitum ; ude.

Dedicate.de.

Deduce, de.
Deface, de.

Dico; Duco. Fades.

ate.

Depravity, de. Pravus ; ity. Depreciate, de. Precium ; ate. Depredation, de. Prscda; ate, ion. Depredator, de. Prseda; ate, or. Deprive, de. Privus. Deputation, de. Putatum; ion. Deputy, de. Puto; y. Deride, de. Rideo. Derision, de. Risum.; ion. Derivation, de. Rivus; ion. Derive, de. Rivus. Derogatory, de. Rogo; ate, ory. Descant, dis. Canto.

Descendant, de.

Scando;

ant.

Defamatory, de. Fama ; ory. Defame, de. Fama. Defeat, de. Factum. Defection, de. Factum; ion.
Defective, de. Factum ; ive. Defendant, de. Fendo ; ant. Defenseless, de. Fensum ; less. Defensive, de. Fensum ; ive.

Describe, de. Scribo. Description.de. Scriptum ; ion. Desecrate, de. Sacer; ate. Desert, de. Sertum. Design, de, Signum. Designate, de. Signum ; ate. Desolate, de. Solus; ate. Despair, de. Spero.

Desperado, de.

Spero.
ate, ion. able.

Deference, de. Fero; ence. Definite, de. Finis. Definition, de. Finis; ion. Definitive, de. Finis ; ive. Deform, de. Forma. Deformity, de. Fornia; ity. Defraud, de. Fraudis. Degradation, de. Gradior; ion. Degrade, de. Gradior.

Desperation, de. Spero; Despicable, de. Specio;

Despondency.de.

Spondeo; cncy.

Deign.
Deist.
I>eity.

Diynus.

Deus; ist. Deus; ity.

Despot, (Gr.) Despotes. Despotic, (Gr.) Despotes; ic. Destitute, de. Sisto or Statum. Destruction.de. Structum; ion. Destructive, de. Structum; ive. Desultory, de. Sattum; cry, Detain, de. Teneo. Tectum. Detect, de. Detention, de. Tentum ; ion.
Deter, de. Terreo. Deterioration. Deterior; ate ion Terminus; ion

Dejection, de. J'actum; ion. Delegate, de. Lego; ate. Deleterious, de. Leo; ous.

Determination.de.

298
Determine, de.
Detraction, de.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Discouragement, dis. Cor; age, ment. Discourse, dis. Cursum.
dL.

Terminus.

Deuterogamy, (Gr.) Deuteros, Gameo ; Deuteronomy, (Gr.) Deuteros, Nomos ;

Develop, de. Volup. Deviation.de. Via:
Devise.
ate, ion.

Detrimental, de.

Tractum; ion. Tritum ; ment,

Discreet, dis.
y. y.

Discrepancy,

dis.

Oretum. Crepo

ancy.
ion.
ate, ion.

Discretion, dis.

Cretum;
dis.

Discrimination,

Cerno ;

Divisus, dividing.

Devolving, de. Volvo ; ing. Devotee, de. Votum; ee. Devour, de. Vor^ Devout, de. Votum.
Dexter; ity. Dexter; ous. Diabolical, (Gr.) dia. Bpleo; ical. Diaeresis, (Gr.) dia. Hairesis. Diagonal. (Gr.) dia. Gonia; al.
Dexterity.

Discursive, dis. Cursum ; ive. Discussion, dis. Cussum; ion. Disdain, dis. Dignus. Disgrace, dis. Gratia. Disgust, dis. Gustus. Dishonest, dis. Honestus.

Dexterous.

Dishonor, dis. Dishonorable,

Honor.
dis.

Honor ;

able.

Disinherit, dis, in. Hereditas. Disintegrate, dis. Integer; ate. Dismount, dis. Montis.

Diagram,

(Gr.) dia.
al.

Gramma.

Disorganize, (Gr.) dis.

Dial. Dies; Dialects, (L.

Disparagement,
Disparity, dis.

dis.

Organon; ize. Par ; age, ment.

ity.

Gr.) dia. Lectum. Dialogue, (Gr.) dia. Logos. dia. Metron. Diameter, (Gr.) Diamond, (Gr.) a. Damao. (Corrupted
,

and

Par;

from Adamant.) Diaphanous, (Gr.) dia.

Diarrhoea, (Gr.) dia. Diary. Dies; ary.

Phano;

ous.

Rheo.

Dictate. Dictum; ate. Dictator. Dictum; ate, or. Dictatorial. Dictum ; ate, or, Diction. Dictum; ion.

Dispassionate, dis. Passus; ion, ate. Dispensing, dis. Pensum; ing. Disperse, dis. Sparsum. Display, dis. Plico. Disposition, dis. Positum; ion. Disprove, dis. Probo. Dispute, dis. Puto. Disqualified, dis. Qualis; fy, ed. Disrespect, dis, re. Spectum.

al.

ion, ary. Dictionary. Dictum. Dictum. Didactic, (Gr.) Didasko; ic.

X)iet, (Gr.)

Dictum ;

Dissemination,

dis.

Seminis ;
;

ate,

ion

Diaita.

Dissent, dis. Sentio. Dissertation, dis. Sertum

ion.
ate, ion.

Dietetic, (Gr.) Different, dif. Difficulty, dif.

Diaita; ic. Fero ; ent. Facio ; ty.

Dissimulation,
Dissolute, dis.
(Facilis.)

dis.

Simul ;

Diffidence, dif. Fido; ence. Diffuse, dif. Fusum. Digit. Digitus.

Dissuade, dis. Dissuasive, dis.

Solutum. Suadeo.

Suasum ;

ive.

Dignify. Dignus fy. Dignity. Dignus; ity. Digression, di. Gressus; ion. Dilapidation, di. Lapidis; ate, ion.
;

Dissyllable, (Gr.) Dis, syl. Distance, dis. Sto ; ance. Distant, dis. Sto; ant. Distich, (Gr.) Dis, Stichos.
Distillery, dis. Stilla; ery. Distinct, dis. Stinctum.

Labo.

Dilate, di. Latus. Dilation, di. Latus; ion. Dilatory, di. Latum ; ory. Dilemma, (Gr.) di. Lemma. Diligent, di. Lego; ent. Dilute, di. Lutum. Dimension, di. Mensura ; ion. Dimmish, di. Minup; ish. Diminutive, di. Minutum; ive.

Diocese, (Gr.) dia. Oikos. Dioptrics, (Gr.) dia. Optomai;

ics.

Diorama, (Gr.) dia. Orama. Diphthong, (Gr.) di. PJdhegma. Diplomatist, (Gr.) Diploma; ist. Direction, di. Rectum; ion.
Diruption,
di.

Distinguish, dis. Stinguo ; ish. Tortum. Distort, dis. Distraction, dis. Tractum; ion. Disturbance, dis. Turba; ance. Usus. Disuse, dis. Diurnal. Dies, al. (Diurnus, daily.) di. Diverge, Vergo. Versum. Diverse, di. Versum; fy. Diversify, di. Divide. Divido, I divide. Divine. Divus; ine. Divinity. Divus; ine, ity. Divisor. Divisum, to divide or. Divorce, di. Verio. Divulge, di. Vulgus.
;

Ruptum ;
dis.

ion.

Docility.

Doceo ;

He, ity.

Disaster, (Gr.) dis.

Discernment,

Astron; er. Cerno; ment.

Disciple. Discipulus. Discipline. Discipulus; ine.

Doctor. Doctum; or. Doctrine. Doctum; ine. Document. Doceo; ment.

Dogmatic,

(Gr.)

Dogmatos ;

ic.

Disclaim, dis, Clamo. Discoloration, dis. Color; ion. Disconcert, dis. con. Certo. Disconnect, dis, con. Necto. Disconsolate, dis, con. Solor; ate.

Doleful. Doleo ; ful. Domesticate. Domus; ic, ate. Domus. Domicile. (Domicilium, bouse.)

Dominant.

Dominus;

ant.

KEY.
Domination. Dominus ; ate, Domineer. Dominus. Dominion. Dominus; ion.
ion. ion.

299
Ego; ism. Ego ; ist,
e.

Egotism.
Egregious,
Egress,
e.

Egotistical.

ical.

Donation. Donum ; ate, Donee. Donum; ee. Donor. Donum; or.

Gregis; ous.

Gressus.
ate.
; ic,

Dormant.

Dormio; ant. Dormitory. Dormitum;

Dose, (Gr.)
Dosis.

Eject, e. Jactum. Elaborate, e. Labor; Elapse, e. Lapsus.

ory.

Elasticity, (Gr.) Elao Elate, e. Latum.

////.

Doubly. Duo, Plico. Doubt. Dubium, fr. Diibito, I doubt. Doxology, (Gr.) Doxa, Logos; y. Dramatic, (Gr.) Drama; ic.
Dramatist, (Gr.) Dramatize, (Gr.)

Election,

e.

Lectum ;

ion.
ic, ity.

Electricity, (Gr.)

Elektron;

Drama; ist. Drama ; ize.

y.

Electrometer, (Gr.) Elektron, Me'tron. Elegance. Elegans; ance.

Elegiac, (Gr.) Elegeia; ac. Elegy, (Gr.) Elegeia; y. Elevate, e, Levo ; ate. Ellipses, (Gr.) el (ec). Leipo.
Elliptical, (Gr.) el (ec).

Dromedary,

(Gr.)

Dropsy, (Gr.) Dubious. Dubium; mis. Ducat. Ductum.

Ductile.

Dromos. Hydor, Ops;

He.

Ductum;

Duel.

Duellum.

Duke. Ductum. Duodecagon, (Gr.) Duo, Deka, Gonia. Duodecimal. Duo, Decem; al. Duodecimo. Duo, Decem.
Duplicate. Duo, Plico ; Duplicity. Duo, Plico ; Durable. Durus; able. Duration. Durus; ion.
ate.
ity.

Leipo; Elocution, e. Locutus ; ion. Elongate, e. Longus; ate. Eloquent, e. Loquor ; ent. Elucidate, e. Luceo; id, ate. Elude, e. Ludo. Elusion, e. Lusum; ion.

ical.

Emanates, e. Emancipate,

Mano ;
e.

ate. ate.

Embalm, Emblem,

(Gr.) (Gr.)
e.

Emergency,

Manus. Gapio ; em. Balsamon. em. Boleo. Mergo ; ency.

During.

Durus; ing. Dynamics, (Gr.) Dynamis; ics. Dynasty, (Gr.) Dynamis; y.

(Gr.)

Emetic, (Gr.) Emeo; ic. Emigrate, e. Migro ; ate. Eminence, e. Mineo; ence.

Dyspepsy, (Gr.)
Dyspeptic, (Gr.)

Dysphony,

Dys, Peptos; Dys, Peptos; Dys, Phone ;

y.
ic.

Eminent,

e.

Mineo ;

ent.

y.

Emissary, e. Missum; ary. Emit, e. Mitto. Emotion, e. Motum; ion.

Ebriety. Ebrius ; ety. Ebullition, e. Bullitum; ion. Eccentric, (Gr.) ec. Kentron; ic. Eccentrical, ec. Kentron; ical. Eccentricity, (Gr.) ec. Kentron;
Ecclesiastic, (Gr.) ec.

Emperor. Impero ; Emphasis, (Gr.) em. Empire. Impero. Empiric, (Gr.) em.
ic, ity.

or.

Phano.
Peirates, fr. Peirao.
ic.

I try, I attempt,

Klesis;

ic.

Echo,

(Gr.) Echeo. Eclipse, (Gr.) ec. Leipo. Ecliptic, (Gr.) ec. Leipo; ic. Eclogue, (Gr.) ec. Logos. Economy, (Gr.) Oikos, Nomos; y. Ecstasy, (Gr.) ec. Stasis; y. Ecstatical, (Gr.) ec. Stasis; ical. Ecumenical, (Gr.) Oikos; ical. Edacity. Edo ; ity ; (state of being edacious.)

Empyrean, (Gr.) em. Pyr ; ean. Emulation. JEmulus; ate, ion. Enable, en. Habeo; ble. Enchant, en. Canto.
Encircle, en.

Encomium,

Circulus. Komos. (Gr.) en.

Encumber, Encumbrance,
deia.

en.

Cumbo.

en. Encyclical, (Gr.) en.

Cumbo ;

ance.

Kyklos; ical. Encyclopaedia, (Gr.) en. Kyklos, Pai-

Edible. Edo; ible. Edict, e. Dictum. Edifice. JEdes, Facio. Edify. jEdes;fy. Editor, e. Datum; or.

Endecagon, (Gr.) En, Deka, Gonia. Endemic, (Gr.) en. Demos; ic. Endorse, en. Dorsum. Endure, en. Durus.

Enemy,
ate, ion.

en.

Amicus.

Education,
Efface,
ef.

e.

Duco;

Fades. Effect, ef. Factum. Effeminacy, ef. Femina;acy. Effervescence, ef. Ferveo; escence. Efficacious, ef. Facio; acious. Effigy, ef. Fingo ; y.
Efflorescence,

Energetic, (Gr.) en. Ergon; ic. Energize, (Gr.) en. Ergon; ize. Energy, (Gr.) en. Ergon; y. Enervate, e. Nervus; ate.

Engraver,

Enjoin, en.

Effluvium,
Effort, ef.

ef. Floris; escence. Fluo. ef. (L. Effluvium; plural, Effluvia.)

Grapho; Junctum. Enigma, (Gr.) JEnigma. Enigmatical, (Gr.) ^Enigma;

(Gr.) en.

er.

icai.

Fortis.

Enmity, en, Amicus; ty. Ennoble, en. Nobilis. Enormous, e. Norma; ous.
Ensign, en. Signum. Ensue, en. Secutus.

Effulgence, ef. Fulgeo ; ence. Effusion, ef. Fusum; ion.

300

A MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Ethology, (Gr.)
Ethos, Logos; y.

Prehensum. (Fr. Enterprise, enter. Prise, taken.) Entertain, enter. Teneo. Enthusiasm, (Gr.) en. Theos; asm. Entombment, en. Tumba; ment. Entomology, (Gr.) Entomon. Logos; y.

Etymology,

(Gr.)

Eucharist, (Gr.)

Etymon, Logos; Eu, Charitos.

y.

Enumeration,
Enunciate, e. Envelop, en.

e.

Numerus ;
ate.

ate, ion.

Nuncio;
Volup.

Ephemeral, (Gr.) epi. Hemera; Ephemeris, (Gr.) epi. Hemera. Epic, (Gr.) Epos; ic.
Epicure. (Gr
)

al.

(Gr.) Eu, Logos. Eulogize, (Gr.) Eu, Logos; ize. Euphemism, (Gr.) Eu, Phano; ism. Euphony, (Gr.) Eu, Phone; y. Euthanasia, (Gr.) Eu, Thanatos. Euthanasy, (Gr.) Eu, Thanatos; y. Evacuation, e. Vaco ; ate, ion.

Eulogium,

Evade,

e.

Vasum.

Epikouros.

Epicurean,

(Gr.)

Epikouros; ean.
Kyklos.

Epicycle,. (Gr.) epi.

Epidemic, (Gr.) epi. Demos; w. Glossa or Glotta. Epiglottis, (Gr.) epi. Epigram, (Gr.) epi. Gramma. Epilepsy, (Gr.) epi. Lcpsis; y. Epiphany, (Gr.) epi.. Phano ; y. Episcopacy, (Gr.) epi. Skopeo; acy. Episode, (Gr.) epi. Odos. Epispastic, (Gr.) epi. Spao ; ic. Epistle, (Gr.) epi. Stello. Epitaph, (Gr.) epi. Taphos. Epithet, (Gr.) epi. Thesis.
Epitome, (Gr.) epi. Tomos. Epoch. Epocha, an epoch. Equalize. jEquus; al. ize. Equanimity. JEquus, Animus; ity. Equator. JEquus. Equatorial. JEquus; al. Equestrian. Eques; an. Equiangular. JEquus. Angulus; ar. Equidistant. ^Equus; di. Sto, ant.
jEquus, Lateris; al. Atquus, Libra. Equinoctial. JEquus, Noctis; al. Equinox. JEqims, Nox. Equipage. Eques. (Sp. Equipage.) Equity. JEquus; ity. Equivalent. JEquus, Valeo; ent. Equivocal. JEquus, Voco; al. Equivocate. JEquus, Voco; ate. Eradicate, e. Radicis ; ate. Erase, e. Rasum. Erasure, e. Rasum; ure. Erecting, e. Rectum ; ing. Eremite, (Gr.) Eremos; ite. Errata. Erratum.
Equilateral.

Evangelical, (Gr.) Eu, Angello; ical. Evangelist, (Gr.) Eu, Angello; ist. Evasion, e. Vasum; ion. Vasum; ive, ly. Evasively, e. Eventually, e. Ventum; al, ly. Event, e. Ventum. Evident, e. Video; ent. Evince, e. Vinco. Evolve, e. Volvo. Exact, ex. Act. Exaggeration, ex. Agger ; ate, ion. Exaltation, ex. Altus; ion.

Examination. Examinis; Example. Exemplum.

Exasperate, ex. Asper; Excavation, ex. Cavus;

ion.

ate.

ate, ion.

Exceed, ex.

Equilibrium.

Cedo. Excellent, ex. Celsus; ent. Except, ex. Captum. Excessive, ex. Cessum ; ive. Excise, ex. OsBsum. Excision, ex. Csesum ; ion. Excitable, ex. Cito; able. Exclaim, ex. Clamo. Excrescence, ex. Cresco; ence. Excruciate, ex. Orucis; ate. Exculpate, ex. Cutpa; ate. Excursion, ex. Cursiim; ion. Execute, ex. Secutus. Excuse, ex. Causa. Exegesis, (Gr.) ex. Egesis. Exegetical, (Gr.) ex. Egesis; ical.

Exemplar. Exemplum; ar. Exemplary. Exemplum ; ary. Exemplify. Exemplum; fy. Exemption, ex. Emptum ; ion.
Exercise, ex. Arceo; ise. Exert, ex. Sertum. Exhale, ex. Halo. Exhaust, ex. Haiistum. Exhibit, ex. Habitum.
Hortor. ex. Humus ; ed. ex. Ago; ency. Exigency, Exile. Exilium. Existence, ex. Sisto ; ence. Rum. P^xit, ex. Exodus, (Gr.) ex. Odos. Exonerate, ex. Oneris; ate. Exorbitant, ex. Orbita ; ant. Exorcise, (Gr.) ex. Orkos; ise. Exorcism, (Gr.) ex. Orkos; ism. Exordium, ex. Orior. (Ordior, I begin.) Exotic, (Gr.) Exo; ic. Expansion, ex. Pansum; ion. Expatiate, ex. Spatium; ate. Expatriate, ex. Patris; ate. Expect, ex. Spectum. Expectoration, ex. Pectoris; ate, ion.

Erratic.

Erratum;

ic.

Erroneous. Erro; ous. Error. Erro ; or. Erudite, e. Rudis. Eruption, e. Ruptum ; ion. Esoteric, (Gr.) Eso ; ic.
Especially,
e.

Exhort, ex.

Exhumed,

Specio;

al, ly.

Espouse, Essence.

e.

Sponsum.

Esse; ence. Essential. Esse; ent, al. Establish, e. Sto; able, ish.

Esteem. JEstimo. Estimable. jEstimo;

Estimation.

able.

Eternity. Ethereal, (Gr.) JEther, the sky al. Ethics, (Gr.) Ethos; ics. Ethical, (Gr.) Ethos; ical. Ethnical, (Gr.) Ethnos; ical. Ethnography, (Gr.) Ethnos, Grapho;
;

JEstimo; ate, ion. jEternus; ity.

y.

KEY.
Expediency, ex. Pedis ; ency. .Expedite, ex. Pedis. Expensive, ex. Pensum; ive. Experience, ex. Perior ; ence. Expert, ex. Peritus. Expiatory, ex. Pio; ate, ory. Expiration, ex. Spiratum ; 'ion. Expire, ex. Spiro. Explanatory, ex. Planus; ory. Expletive, ex. Pletum ; ive. Explicit, ex. Plico. Explode, ex. Plaudo. Exploration, ex. Ploratum ; ion. Explore, ex. Ploro. Explosion, ex. Plausum; ion. Exposition, ex. Positum; ion. Expostulate, ex. Postulo ; ate. Expression, ex. Pressum ; ion. Expulsion, ex. Pulsum; ion. Expurgate, ex. Purgo ; ate. Exquisite, ex. Quxsitum. Extant, ex. Sto ; ant. Extemporaneous, ex. Temporis ; Extent, ex. Tentum. Extenuate, ex. Tennis; ate. Exterior. Exterior. Exterminate, ex. Terminus; ate. External. Exterus; al. Extinguishment, ex. Stinguo ; ment. Extirpate, ex. Stirps ; ate. Extol, ex. Tollo. Extort, ex. Tortum. Extract, ex. Tractum.
Extraneous. Extra; ous. Extravagant, extra. Vagus ; Extremity. Extremus ; ity. Extramural, Extra. Murus;
Extrinsic. Exult, ex.
ant.
al.

301

Ferocious. Ferocis ; ous. Fertile. Fero; He. Ferule. Ferula. Fervor. Ferveo; or.
Festival. Festum ; ive. al. Festivity. Festum ; ive, ity. Feverish. Febris; ish. Fictitious. Fictum; ous. Fidelity. Fidclis; ity. Fierce. Ferocis.

Figurative.
Filial.

Figura;
al.

ive.

Filius;

Finally. Finis; al,ly. Fine. Finis. Finite. Finis.

Firmament.
Fiscal.

Firmus; ment.
al.

Fiscus;

Fixum. Flagrancy. Flagro; ancy. Flexible. Flexum; ible.

Fix.
OILS.

Florid. Floris; id. Floriferous. Floris, Fero; om. Florin. Floris. Flourish. Floris; ish.

Flowers. Floris. Fluctuate- Fluctum; ate. Fluency. Fluo; ency.

ish,

Foliage. Folium; age. Folio. Folium. Force. Fortis. Forfeit. Foris, out of doors

Factum.

Formality.

Forma ;

al, ity.

Fortification. Fortis, Factum; ion. Fortitude. Fortis; ude. Fortress. Fortis. Fortuitous. Fortit; ous.
Fossil.

Fortunate. Fortuna; Fossum.

ate.

Exterus; Saltum.

ic.

Facilitate.

Fabricate. Fabrico; ate. Face. Fades. Facio ; He, ate. Factory. Factum; ory. Faculty. Facio; He, ty. Faith. Fido. Fallacious. Fallo; acious. Fallacy. Fallo; acy.
Falsify.

Foundation. Fundus; ion. Fraction. Fractum ; ion. Fragility. Frango ; He, ity. Fragment. Frango; ment. Fragrant. Fragro; ant. Frantic, (Gr.) Phren; ic.
Fraternity. Fratricide.

Frater;

ity.

(Fraternus.)
ulent.
ic.

Frater, Cxdo.

Fraudulent.
Frenetic, (Gr.)

Fraudu;
Phren ;

Falsum ;

/?/.

Familiarity.

Familia ; Family. Familia; y. Famish. Fames; ish.

ar, ity.

Frenzy, (Gr.) Phren; y. Frequent. Frequentis. Frigid. Frigus; id.

Frontispiece.
Fruit.
Frontis, Specio. Fruitus.

Famous.
Fancy,

Fama; ous. Fanaticism. Fanum;

ic,

ism.
ic.

Fruition. Fugitive.

Fruitus; ion.

(Gr.) Phano; y. Fantastic, (Gr.) Phano;

Fugitum; ive. Fulgency. Falgco; ency. Fumigation. Fumigo;'ate,

ion.
al.

Farinaceous. Farina; aceous. Fashion. Facio; ion.

Fatal. Fault.

Fundamental.
Funeral. Furious.

Fundus; ment,
al.
ible, ity.

Fatum;
Fallo.

al.

Funeris; Furia; ous.

Favorable.
Feast.

Faveo;

or, able.

Fusibility. Fusum ; Futile. Futilis; He.

(Fundo?)

Festum. Features. Facio; ure. Febrile. Febris ; He. Federal. Faideris; al.
Felicitate. Felicis; ate. Felicity. Felicis; ity.

Galaxy, (Gr.) Galakios; y. Gasometer, (Gr.) Gas, Metron.

Gaster; ic. Gastriloquy, (Gr.) Gaster, Loquor ; y Gelatinous. Gclatum; ine, ous. Genealogy, (Gr.) Genea, Logos; y. General. Generis; al.
Gastric, CGr.)

Feminine. Femina; ine. Fermentation. Fermentum;

ion.

26

302

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Helioscope, (Gr.) Helios, Skopeo. Heliotrope, (Gr.) Helios, Tropos. Hellenic, (Gr.) Hetten ; ic.

Generate. Generis; ate. Generic. Generis; ic. Genesis, (Gr.) Genea. Genial. Genus; al. Genius. Genus.
Gentility.

Hemicycle, (Gr.) hemi. Kyklos. Hemisphere, (Gr.) hemi. Sphaira.

Hemistich, (Gr.) hemi.- Stichos. Hemoptysis, (Gr.) Haima, Ptyo, I spit

Gentis; He, ity. (L. Gentilis. belonging to the same race.) Gentle, Gentile. See Gentility.

Hemorrhage,

(Gr.)

Haima, Rheo.

Genuine.

Genus;

ine.

Ge, Kentron ; ic. Geography, (Gr.) Ge, Grapho; y. Geology, (Gr.) Ge, Logos; y. Geometry, (Gr.) Ge, Metron; y. Geoponic, (Gr.) Ge, Ponos ; ic. Georgic, (Gr.) Ge, Ergon; ic. Gesture. Gestum; ure.

Geocentric, (Gr.)

Heptagonal, (Gr.) Hepta, Gonia; al. Heptarchy, (Gr.) Hepta, Arche; y. Herbivorous. Herba, Voro; ous.
Hereditary. Hereditas; ary. Heresiarch, (Gr.) Hairesis, Arche. Heresy, (Gr.) Hairesis; y.

Gladiatorial. Gladius ; or, Glands. Glans, an acorn. Globe. Globus. Globular. Globulus; ar.
Glorification.
Gloria,

al.

Hermetic, (Gr.) Hermes; ic. Hermit, (Gr.) Eremos. Hermitage, (Gr.) Eremos. Heroic, (Gr.) Heros ; ic. Heroine, (Gr.) Heros; ine.
Hesitate.

Hsesitum

ate.

Factum ;

ion.

Glossary, (Gr.)
Gloss. (Gr.)

Glossa; ary.

Glossa.

Glotta. Glottis, (Gr.) Glutton. Glutio.

Heteros, Arche; y. Heteros, Skia. Heterodox, (Gr.) Heteros, Doxa. Heterogeneous, (Gr.) Heteros, Genea; ous.

Heterarchy, (Gr.)
Heteroscii, (Gr.)

Glyptic, (Gr.)

Glypko;
Gnostos;

ic.

Gnomon,
Gracious.

(Gr.)

Gnomon.
ic.

Gnostic, (Gr.)

Hexagon, (Gr.) Hex. Gonia. Hexahedron, (Gr.) Hex, Hedra. Hexameter, (Gr.) Hex, Metron.
Hierarchy, (Gr.) Hieros, Arche; y. Hieroglyphic, (Gr.) Hieros, Glypho ; ic. Hierophant, (Gr.) Hieros, Phano. Hippodrome, (Gr.) Hippos, Dromos. Hippopotamus, (Gr.) Hippos, Potamos.
Historian, (Gr.)
Historia; an.
(Gr.)

Guberno ; ment. Gratia; ous. (In Latin before t frequently changes to c.) two vowels Gradation. Gradior; ion. Grain. Granum.

Government.

Graminivorous.

Graminis,Voro; ous.

Grammar,

(Gr.)

Gramma.
ence.

Historiography,

Historia,

Gra-

Granary. Granum; ary. Grandeur. Grandis. Grandiloquence. Grandis, Loquor ;

Granite.

pho;

y.

Holocaust, (Gr.) Holos, Kaustikos. Holograph, (Gr.) Holos, Grapho.

Granum.

Gr. Lithos.

Granivorous. Granum, Voro; ous. Graphic, (Gr.) Grapho; ic. Grateful. Gratus ; ful.
Gratis.

Homicide. Homo, C&do. Homily, (Gr.) Homilos ; y. Homogeneous, (Gr.) Homos, Genea; ous Homologous, (Gr.) Homos, Logos; ous.
Honesty. Honestus; y. Honorable. Honor; able. Honorary. Honor; ary.
Horal, (Gr.) Hora; al. Horizon, (Gr.) Horizo. Horography, (Gr.) Hora, Grapho; Horologe, (Gr.) Hora, Logos. Horrible. Horreo ; ible. Horror. Horreo; or.
Horticulture. Hortus, Ciiltum; ure. Hospitable. Hospitis; able. Hospital. Hospitis. Hospitality. Hospitis; ity. Host. Hospitis. Hosts. Hostis. Hostility. Hosti* ; He, ity. Hotel, Hostel. Hospitis.

Gratia.

Gratuitous. Gratia; ity, ous. Gravitation. Gravitas;ate,ion. Gravity. Gravis; ity. Grecian, (Gr.) Graikia; ian.
Grief.

Gravis.
al.

y.

Grievous. Gravis; ous. Gubernatorial. Gubernator;

Gymnastic, (Gr.) Gymnos; ic. Gymnosophist, (Gr.) Gymnos, Sophia;

ist.

Gymnospermous,

(Gr.)

Gymnos, Sper; y.

ma;

ous.

Gyneocracy,

(Gr.)

Gyne, Kratos
ate, ion.

Gyration, (Gr.)

Gyros ;

Habeas Corpus.

Habeo, Corpus. Habiliments. Habilis; ment. Habit. Habitum. Habitation. Habitum; ion. Habituate. Habitum; ate.
(Gr.) Harmonia ; ous. Harmony, (Gr.) Harmonia; y. Hebdomadal, (Gr.) Hebdomas ; al. Hecatomb, (Gr.) Hekaton, Bous, an ox.

Hour,

Human. Homo; an. Humane. Homo; ane.

Humanize. Homo;an,ize. Humble. Humus; ble. Humidity. Humus; id, ity.
Humility.

(Gr.)

Hora.

Harmonious,

Humilis;

ity.

Humor.

Humeo;

or.

Heir. Heres. Heliocentric, (Gr.)

Heliometer, (Gr.)

Helios, Kentron Helios^ Metron.

ic.

Hydra, (Gr.) Hydra. Hydrant, (Gr.) Hydor; ant. Hydraulic, (Gr.) Hydor, Aulos ;

ic.

KEY.
Hydrocele, (Gr.) Hydor, Kele. Hydrocephalus, (Gr.) Hijdor. Kephale. Hydrogen, (Gr.) Hydor, Genea. Hydrography, (Gr.) Hydor, Grapho; y. Hydromel, (Gr.) Hydor, Meli. Hydrometer, (Gr.) Hydor, Metron. Hydrophobia, (Gr.) Hydor, Phobos. Hydrostatic, (Gr.) Hydor, Stasis; ic.
Imperial. Impero; al. Imperious. Impero; ous. Impertinent, im, per. Teneo;

303

ent.

Hygrometer,
Logos; y. Hyperbola, Hyperbole,

(Gr.)

Hygros, Metron.

Hymeneal, (Gr.) Hymen; al. Hymnology, (Gr.) Hymnos, a

hymn

Boleo. (Gr.) hyper. (Gr.) hyper. Boleo Hypercritical, (Gr.) hyper. Krites ; ical. Hypochondriac, (Gr.) hypo. Chondros ; ac.

Hypocrisy, (Gr.) hypo. Krites ; y. Hypocrite, (Gr.) hypo. Krites; ite. Hypotenuse. (Gr.) hypo. Tonos. Hypothecate, (Gr.) hypo. Thesis; ate. Hypothesis, (Gr.) hypo. Thesis.
Ichthyology,
Iconoclast,

ichthyophagy,
breaker.

(Gr.)" Ichthys, Logos; y. (Gr.) Ichthys. Phago; y. Eikon, Klastcs, a (Gr.)

Imperturbable, ini, per. Turba; able. Impervious, im, per. Via, ous. Impetuous, im. Peto; ous. Impetus, im. Peto. Impiously, im. Pius; ous, ly. Implacable, im. Placo ; able. Implant, im. Planta. Implement, im. Pico; ment. Implicate, im. Plico; ate. Implore, im. Ploro. Impolitic, (Gr.) im. Politeia; ic. Importunity, im. Porto; ity. Imposition, im. Positum ; ion. Impossible, im. Posse ; ible. Impotent, im. Potentis. Impregnable, im. Prchendo; able. Impression, im. Prcssum; ion. Improve, im. Probo. Impugn, im. Pugna. Impulsive, im. Pulfum ; ive. Impunity, im. Punio; ity. Impute, im. Puto.
Inalienable, in. Alienus; able. Inanition. Inanis ; ity, ion. Inarable. in. Aro ; able. Inarticulate, in. Articulus ; ate.

Idealize, (Gr.) Idea; al,ize. Identical. Idem; ical.

Idiom, (Gr.)

Idios.

Idiosyncrasy, (Gr.)

Idios; syn.

Krasis,

temperament,
Ignite.* Ignis.

y. y.
y,

Idiocy, (Gr.) Idios ; y. Idolatry, (Gr.) Eidolon, Latreia;

Ignominious,
ous.

ig.

Nomen

(nominis);

jgnorant,

ig.

Gnorus for Gnarus, know-

ing. Iliad, (Gr.) Ilion. Legis; al. Illegal, il. Liber; al, ity. Illiberality, il. Litera ; ate. Illiterate, il. Illogical, (Gr.) il. Logos; ical.

Illumination,
Illustration,

il.

Luminis;
Lustro
;

il.

ate, ion. ate. ion.

Imagery. Imago; ery. Imagination. Imaginatus ; Imagine. Imaginis.

ion.

Inaugurate, in. Augur ; ate. Inauspicious, in. Avis, Specio; ous. Incantation, in. C'antatum; ion. Incarcerate, in Career; ate. Incarnate, in. Carnis; ate. Incautious, in. Cautum; ous. Incendiary, in. Candeo; ary. Incense, in. Candeo. Incentive, in. Candeo; ive. Incessant, in. Cessum ; ant. Incident, in. Cado; ent. Incinerate, in. Clneris; ate. Incipient, in. Capio; ent Incision, in. Csesum; ion. Incitement, in. Cito; ment. Inclement, in. dementis. Inclination, in. Clinatum; ion. Include, in. Cludo. Incoherent, in, co. Hssreo ; ent.

Incommode,
sum;
ible.

in,

com.
in,

Imbecile. ImbecUlis. Imbibe, im. Bibo. Imitate. Imitor; ate. Immature, im. Maturus. Immediate, im. Medius; ate. Immemorial, im. Memor ; y, al. Immense, im. Mensura. Immersion, im. Mersum; ion. Immigrant, im. Migro; ant. Immoral, im. Moris ; al. Immortal, im. Mortis; al. Immunity, im. Munus; ity. Immure, im. Murus. Immutable, im. Muto ; able. Impart, im. Partis. Impartial, im. Partis ; al. Impatient, im. Patior; ent. Impediment, im. Pedis; ment. Impel, im. Pello. Impend, im. Pendeo. Impenetrable, im. Penetro; able.

Incomprehensible,

Modus. com.

Prehenable.

Inconsolable, in, con. Solor; Incorrect, in, cor. Rectum.

Incorrigible, in, cor. Rcgo ; Increase, in. Cresco. Incredible, in. Credo; ible. Incredulity, in. Credo; ity.

ible.

Incumbent,

in.

Cumbo;
Curvus;

ent.

Incurable, in. Incursion, in. Incurvate, in.

Ctira; able. Cursum; ion.

ate.

Indecorum,

in. Decor. Indefinite, in, de. Finis. Indelible, in, de. Leo; ible.

Indemnification, in.
ion.

Damnum, Factum ;
fy.
ence.

Indemnify,
Indenture,

in. in.

Damnum;

Dentis ; ure.

Independence, in, de. Index, in. Dico.

Pendeo;

304

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
ate, ion.

Indication, in. Dico; Indict, in. Dictum.

Indifferent, in. dif.

Fero; ent. Indigenous. Indigena; ous. Indigestion, in, di. Gestum; ion.

Indignity, in. Dignus ; ity. Indispensable, in, dis. Pensum; able. Indisputable, in, dis. Puto; able. Indite, in. Dictum. Individual, in. Dividuus, divisible.

Inscrutable, in. Scrutor; able, Insectivorous, in. Scctum, Voro; ous. Insert, in. Sertum. Insidious, in. Sedeo; ous. Insignificant, in. Signum. Facio ; ant. Insinuation, in. Sinus; ate, ion.
I n si pid
,

in.

Sap io ;

id.

Insolubility, in. Solutum; ble, ity. Insolvent, in. Soliw; ent. Inspiration, in. Spiratum; ion.

Indomitable, in. Domitum; able. Indubitable, in. Dubitatum ; able. Industry. Industria; y. Inebriate, in. Ebrius ; ate.
Inert, in. Artis. Inertia, in. Artis.

Inestimable, in. JEstimo; able. Vito ; able. Inevitable, in, e. Inexhaustible, in, ex. Haustum; Inexorable, in, ex. Oro; able.

Spiratum. (L. Spiritus.) Instance, in. Sto; ance. Instant, in. Sto; ant. Institute, in. Statum. Instruction, in. Structum; ion. Instrument, in. Struo ; ment. Insubordination, in, sub. Ordinis; ate.
ion.
ible.

Inspirit, in.

Infamous,

in.

Fama;

ous.

Insular. Insula ; ar. Insulate. Insula; ate. Insult, in. Saltum.

Infancy, in. Fari; ancy. Infanta, in. Fari; ant. Infanticide, in. Fari; ant. Csedo. Infatuate, in. Fatuus, foolish ate. Infect, in. Factum.
;

Insuperable, in. Super; able. Insurgent, in. Surgo;ent. Insurrection, in. Sarrectum; ion. Tactum. Intact, in. I n tan gi ble i n Tango ; ible.
,

Inferior.

Inferus.

Infernal.

Infernus;

al.

Integral. Integer; al. Integrity. Integer; ity.

Intellect, intel. Lectum. Intelligence, intel. Lego
;

Infest. Infesto, I trouble. Infidelity, in. Fidelia ; ity. Infinite, in. Finis. Infirmary, in. Firmus; ary.

ence.

Intend,

in.

Tendo.

Intensity, in.

Inflame, in.

Flamma.

Intention, in.
Inter, in.

in. Flamma; ion. Inflexible, in. Flexum ; ible. Influence, in. Fluo; ence. Influential, in. Fluo; al. Influx, in. Fluxum. Information, in. Forma; ion. Infraction, in. Fractum; ion. Infringement, in. Fran go ; ment. Infusion, in. Fiisum; ion. Ingenious, in. Genus ; ous. Ingenuity, in. Genus : ity. Ingenuousness, in. Genus; ous, ness. Ingrate, in. Gratus. Ingratitude, in. Gratus; hide. Inhabitant, in. Habitam; ant. Inhale, in. Halo. Inherent, in. Htereo; ent. Inheritance, in. Heredis; ancc. Inhuman, in. Homo; an. Inimical, in. Amicus; al. Iniquity, in. jEqmis; ity. Itum ; al. Initial, in. Initiation, in. ate, ion, in. Juris; ous. Injurious, Injustice, in. Justus; ice. Innate, in. Natus. Innocent, in. Noceo ; ent. Innovation, in. Novus; ate, ion. Innumerable, in. Numerus; able. Inoculate, in. Oculus; ate. Inoperative, in. Operis ; ate, ive.

Inflammation,

ion. Terra. inter. Cedo. Intercede, Intercept, inter. Captum. Intercession, inter. Cessum; ion. Interdict, inter. Dictum. Interest, inter. Entis. Interior. Intus. Interminable, in. Terminus; able. Intermittent, inter. Mitto; ent. Intermural, inter. Mvrus; al, International, inter. Natus; ion, al. Polis; ate. Interpolation, (Gr.) inter. ion. Interpose, inter. Positum. Interregnum, inter. Rcgnum. Interrogative, inter. Rogo; ate, ive. Interruption, inter. Ruptum ; ion. Interspersing, inter. Sparsum. Interstices, inter. Sto ; ice. Intervene, inter. Venio. Testia ; ate. Intestate, inter.

Tensum ; Tentum ;

ity.

Hum;

Intimately. Intimus; atejy. Intimidate, in. Timco ; id, ate. Intoxicate, (Gr.) in. Toxikon; ate.
Intrinsic.

Intrinsccus;

ic.

Introductory, intro. Intrude, in. Trudo.

Intrusive, in. Intuition, in.

Ductum;
;

ory.

Trusum
Tuitus;

ive.

ion.
ate.

Inundate, in. Unda; Invade, in. Vado.

Inopportune,

in, op.

Porto.

Inordinate, in, Ordinis ; ate. Inquiries, in. Qusero; y. Inquisitive, in. Qusesitum ; ive. Insanity, in. Sanus; ity.
Insatiable, in.
Satis; able.

Invalidate, in. Valeo; id, ate. Invaluable, in. Valeo; able Invasion, in. Vasum; ion. Invective, in. Vectum ; we. Inveigh, in. Veho.

Invention,

in.

Ventum;

ion.

KEY.
Inversely, in. Versum ; ly. Invert, in. Verto. Vestis. Invest, in. Investigate, in. Vestigium; Veteris; ate. Inveterate, in. Invigorate, in. Vigor ; ate. Invincible, in. Vinco; ible. Vi-sum ; ible. Invisible, in.
Legible. Lego; ible. Legislate. Legis, Latum. Legislator. Legis, Latum
ate.

305

or.

Legislature Let/is, Latum; ure. Legitimate. Lcgitimus; ate. Lenient. Lenis'; ent. Lenity. Lenis; ity. Lethargic, (Gr.) Lethe, Argos, idle, inactive;
ic.

Invocation, in. Vocatum; ion. Invoke, in. Voco. Involves, in. Volvo. Invulnerable, in. Vulneris ; able. Iota, the Greek letter i.
Iris, (Gr.) Iris.

Lethargy, (Gr.)
active;
y.

Lethe, Argos, idle, in-

Lethean, (Gr.)
Levity.
Levis;

Lethe; an.
ity.

Iriscope, (Gr.) Iris, Skopeo. Irradiate, ir. Radius; ate. Irrational, ir. Ratus; ion, al. Irrefragable, ir, re. Frango ; able. Irrelevant, ir, re. Levo ; ant.
re. Medeor; able. Irresponsible, ir, re. Sponsum ; ible. Irreverent, ir, re. Vereor; ent. Versum; ible. Irreversible, ir, re. Voco ; able. Irrevocable, ir, re.

Lexicography, Liable. Ligo ;

(Gr.)
able.

Lexis, Grapho

y.

Libel. Liber. Liberal. Liber; al. Liberalize. Liber ;

al, ize.

Irremediable,

ir,

Liberation. Liber; ate, ion. Liberty. Liber; ty. Library. Liber; ary. Libration. Libra; ate, ion.
Lictor.

Irrigate,
Irritate.
Isle.

ir.

Rigo;

ate.

Irrito; ate. Insula. Isosceles, (Gr.) Isos, Skelos.

Ligo; or. Ligo; ment. Ligneous. Lignum, wood Limitation. Limitis; ion.

Ligament.
Lines.

ous.

Linea.

Lineage.
Lineal.

Isochronal, (Gr.) Isos, Chronos; al. Isochronous, (Gr.) Isos, Chronos; ous. Isolate. Insula; ate. Isothermal, (Gr.) Isos, Thermos; al.
Iterate.

Lineament.
Linear.

Linea ; age. Linea : al. Linea; ment. Linea; ar.

ist.

Linen.

Itero; ate. Itinerant. Itineris; ant.

Linguist.

Linum. Lingua;

Gestum. Jocose. Jocus; ose. Jocularity. Jocus; ar,ity. Joke. Jocus.

Jests.

Linseed. Linum, Seed. Liquor. Liqueo; or. Litany, (Gr.) Litaneia; Literal. Litera; al.

y.

Jot, (Gr.)

Iota.

Literary. Litera; ary. Literature. Litera; ure. Litharge, (Gr.) Lithos, Argyros, silver.

Judicatory. Judicatum; ory. Judicial. Judico; al. Judiciary. Judico; ary. Judicious. Judico; ous. Junction. Junctum; ion. Junior. Juvenis; or.
Jurisdiction.
Justice.
Juris,

Lithographer, (Gr.) Lithos, Grapho ; er. Lithography, (Gr.) Lithos, Grapho ; y. Lithotomy, (Gr.) Lithos, Tomos ; y. Lithoxyl, (Gr.) Lithos, Xylon.
Litigation. Litis, Ago; ion. Litigious. Litis, Ago; ous.
ion.
Leitos, Ergon; y. Locus; al, ity. Locomotion. Locus, Motum; ion. Logarithms, (Gr.) Logos, Arithmos. Logician, (Gr.) Logos; ic. ian. Logomachy, (Gr.) ^Logos, Machomai;

Dictum;

Liturgy, (Gr.)
Locality.

Jurisprudence. Juris; pru. Video; ence.

Justus; ice. Juvenile. Juvenis; He.

Kaleidoscope, (Gr.) Kalos, Eidos, Skopeo. Kaleidophone, (Gr.) Kalos, Eidos, Phone.
Labor. Labor. Laborious. Labor; ous.

y.

Lachrymal.
Laity, (Gr.)

Lachryma;

al.

Laos; ity. Lamentable. Lamentor; able. Language. Lingua; age.

Lapse. Lapsus. Latitude. Latus; tude.
Latria, (Gr.)
Latreia.

Longevity. Longus, JEvum; ity. Longitude. Longus; tude. Loquacity. Loquor; ity, (state of being loquacious.) Lucid. Luceo; id. Lucrative. Lucratus; ive. Ludicrous. Ludo; ous.

Luminary. Luminis; Luminous. Luminis; Lunacy. Luna; acy. Lunar. Luna; ar.
Lunatic.

ary. ous.

Laudable. Laudis; able. Laudatory. Laudis; ory.

Laureate. Laurus, laurel Lax. Laxus. Legal. Legis; al. Legation. Lego ; ate, ion. Legend. Lego.
;

Luna;
(Gr.)

ic.

Luxury,
ate.

Luxuria;

y.

Macrocosm,
Magician,
Magisterial.

(Gr.) Makros, Kosmos. (Gr.) Magus; ic, ian.

Magistracy.

Magister; al. Magistri; acy.

26*

306

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Mention.
ous.

Magnanimous. Magnus, Animus ; Magnify. Magnus ; fy. Magnitude. Magnus; tude.

Maintain.

Magistrate. Magistri; ate. Magna Charta. Magnus, Charta.

Memor;

ion.

Manus, Teneo.

Majesty. Magnus; y. Majority. Major; ity. Maladministration. Mains; ad.

istri; ate, ion.

Mercantile. Mercans ; ile. Mercenary. Mercor ; ary. Merchandise. Mercans; ise. (Fr. Marchand.) Merchant. Mercans; <mt. Meridian. Medius, Dies; an. Mesopotamia, (Gr.) Mesos, Potamos.
Metalliferous, (Gr.) Metal Ion, L.Fero; ous Metalloid, (Gr.) Metallon, Eidos. Metallurgy, (Gr.) Metallon. Ere/on ; y.

Min-

Malcontent. Mains; con; Tentum. Malediction. Malus, Dictum; ion.

Malefactor.

Malus, Factum

or.

Metamorphic, (Gr.) meta. Morphe; Metaphor, (Gr.) m eta. Phero ; or.

ic.

Malevolence. Malus, Volo; ence. Malevolent. Malus, Volo; ent. Malice. Malus; ice. Malicious. Malus; ice, ous. Malign. Malignus. Malignity. Malignus; ity. Manacle. Manus; cle.

Metaphysics, (Gr.) meta. Physis; ics. Metempsychosis, (Gr.)meta. Psyche. Meteor, (Gr.) Meteor a. Meteoric, (Gr.) Meteor a ; ic.
Meteorolite, (Gr.)
Meteora, Lithos.

Mandatory. Mandatum; ory. Mandate. Mandatum. Maneuver. Manus., Open's. Mania, (Or.) Mania. Maniac, (Gr.) Mania; ac. Manual. Manus; at. Manufactory. Manus, Factum ; ory. Manufactures. Manus, Factum; ure. Manumission. Manas, Missum ; ion. Manuscript. Manus, Scriptum. Mariner. Mare; ine, er.
Maritime.
Mare.
(Gr.) Martyr; dom. Martyrology, (Gr.) Martyr, Logos; y. Masculine. Masculus; ine. Master. Magister. Material. Mater ia; al. Maternal. Mater; al. (Maternus, motherly.) Mathematics, (Gr.) Mathematos; ics.

Meteorology, (Gr.) Meteora. Logos ; y. Meter, (Gr.) Metron. Method, (Gr.) meta. Odos. Methodical, (Gr.) meta. Odos; ical. Metonymy, (Gr.) meta. Onyma; y.
Metropolis, (Gr.) Metros, Polis. Metropolitan, (Gr.) Metros, Politeia Mezzotinto, (Gr.) Mesos, Tinctum.
;

an.

Martyrdom,

Miasmatic, (Gr.) Miasma; ic. Microcosm, (Gr.) Mikros, Kosmos. Micrometer, (Gr.) Mikros, Metron. Microphone, (Gr.) Mikros. Phone. Microscope, (Gr.) Mikros, Skopeo. Migration. Migro ; ate, ion. Migratory. Migro ; ate, ory.
Militant. Military.
Militia.
Militis; ant. Militis; ary.
Militis.

Millennium. Mille, Annus. Mimic, (Gr.) Mimos; ic. Mimicry, (Gr.) Mimos; ic, ry.

Matricide.

Matron.
Matter.

Matris, Cscdo. Matris. Materia.

Minim.

Mineralogy, (Gr.) Fr. Mineral, Logos;

y.

Minimum.
Minority.

Minimus; smallest. Minuo. (L. Minimus.)

Minister;
al.

Ministerial.

Mature. Maturus. Maturity. Maturus; ity. Maximum. Maximus. Maxim. Maximus.

Meandering. Meo. -(L. Meander.) Measurement. Mensura ; ure, ment. Mechanics, (Gr.) Mechanao ; ics. Mechanician, (Gr.) Mechanao; ic,ian. Mechanism, (Gr.) Mechanao ; ism. Mediate. Medius; ate.
Meditation. Meditor ; ate, ion. Medical. Medeor; ical. Medicinal. Medicus ; ine, al. Medicine. Medicus; ine. Mediterranean. Medius, Terra. Medium. Medius. Melancholy, (Gr.) Melan, Kole; Melanite, (Gr.) Melan ; Gr. ite. Melioration. Melior ; ate, ion.

Minor; ity. Minutum. Miracle. Mirus; cle. Miraculous. Miraculum; ous. Misanthrope, (Gr.) Misos, Anthropos. Misanthropy, (Gr.) Misos, Anthropos ;
Minute.
Miscellaneous. Misceo ; ous. cellaneus, mixed.) Miscellany. Misceo; y. Miserable. Miser; able. Misery. Miser; y. Misfortune, mis. Fortuna. Misnomer, mis. Nomos.
(L.

y.

Mis-

Misogamy,
y.

(Gr.)

Misos,
ive. ate.

Gameo;

y.

Missionary.

Missum;

ion, ary.

Missive. Missum; Mitigate. Mitigo;

Mnemonics, (Gr.) Mob. Mobilis.

Mneo;

ics.

Melodrama,

Melody, Memorable. Memor; able. Memorial. Memor; y, al. Memorizing. Memor; ize,

(Gr.) Melos, Drama. (Gr.) Melos, Ode ; y.

ing.
y.

Memory.
Menology,
Mental.

Memor;
(Gr.)

y.

Model. Modus. Moderate. Modus; ate. Modernize. Modo, just now ize. Modesty. Modestus; y. Modification. Modus, Factum ; ion. Modify. Modus; fy.
;

Men, Logos;
al.

Mollify.

Mollis;fy.
(Gr.)

Mentis;

Monad,

Monos.

KEY.
Monarch,
Monarchical,
(Gr.) Monos, Arcfie. (Gr.) Monos, Arche
)

307
Natus; Natus;
(Gr.)
ive, ity.

Nativity.
; ical.

Natural.

ure, al.

Monarchy, (Gr

Monos, Arche;

y.

Naumachy,
sickness, Nautical.

Monastery, (Gr.) Monos; ery. Monastic, (Gr.) Monos; ic. Monitor. Monitum; or. Monk, (Gr.) Monos. Monoceros, (Gr.) Monos, Keras. Monody, (Gr.) Monos, Ode; y. Monogamy, (Gr.) Monos, Gameo; y. Monogram, (Gr.) Monos, Gramma. Monologue, (Gr.) Monos, Logos. Monopetalous, (Gr.) Monos, Petalon; ous. Monophyllous, (Gr.) Monos, Phyllon; ous. Monopolize, (Gr.) Monos, Poleo ; ize. Monopoly, (Gr.) Monos, Poleo; y. Monostich, (Gr.) Monos, Stichos. Monotheism, (Gr.) Monos, Theos; ism. Monotone, (Gr.) Monos, Tonos. Monotony, (Gr.) Monos, Tonos; y. Monster. Monstro; er. Monstrous. Monstro; ous.

Nauseous. Nauta;
fr.

ous. (L. (Gr.) Naus.)

ical.

Naus, Machomai; y. Nausea, sea

Nauta;

Naval. Navis; al. Navigable. Navis; Ago, able. Navigation. Navis; Ago, ate, ion. Navy. Navis; y. Necessitate. Necesse, needful ate. Necrology, (Gr.) Nekros, Logos; y. Necromancy, (Gr.) Nekros, Manteia;
;

y.

Nefarious.

Nefarius; ous.

Negation.

Negatum;

ion.

Neglect, neg. Lectum. Negligence, neg. Lego ; ence. Negotiate, neg. Otium; ate. Neology, (Gr.) Neos, Logos; y. Neophyte, (Gr.) Neos, Phyton. Nervous. Nervus, a sinew ous.
;

Monument.
Mood.
Morality. Moralize.

Moneo; ment.

Modus. Moris; al, ity. Moris ; al, ize. Morbidly. Morbus; id, ly. Moribund. Moribundus.
Morsel. Morsum. Mortal. Mortis; al. Mortality. Mortis; al, ity. Mortgage. Mortis, Gage, a pledge.
Mortification. Mortis, Mortify. Mortis; fy.

Neuron, Logos ; y. Neurotic, (Gr.) Neuron; ic. Neuter. Neuter. Neutrality. Neutrum ; al, ity. Neutral. Neutrum; al. Nihility. Nihil; ity. Nitrogen, (Gr.) Nitron, natron, Genea. Nobility. Nobilis; ity. Noble. Nobilis. Nocturnal. Noctis; al. (L. Nocturnus.)

Neurology, (Gr.)

Factum;

ion.

Motion. Motum; ion. Motor. Motum; or. Motory. Motum; ory.

Nomadic, (Gr.) Nomados; ic. Nominal. Nominis; al. Nominate. Nominis; ate. Nomination. Nominis; ate, ion. Nonagon. Novem, nine (Gr.) Gonia.
;

Nonentity, non.

Entis;
al.

ity.
; y.

Mount. Montis. Mountain. Montis. Movable. Moveo; able. Movement. Moveo; ment. Multangular. Multus, Angulus;
Multifarious. Multus, Fari ; ous. Multiform. Multus, Forma. Multiply. Multus. Plico. Multitude. Multus; tude.

Normal.
Notify.
ar.

Norma;

Nosology, (Gr.)
Notorious.

Nosos, Logos
ous.

Notum;fy. Notum;

Mundane. Mundus;

ane.

Municipal. Munus, Capio; al. Munificence. Munus, Facio; ence. Munificent. Munus, Facio; ent. Munition. Munitum; ion. Mural. Murus; al. Muriform. Murus, Forma. Muses. Musa. Musician. Musica; (or Musa; ic,) ian.
Mutability. Muto ; able, Mutilate. Mutilus,

Nourish. Nutrio; ish. Novels. Novus. Novice. Novus. Noxious. Noxius; ous. Nucleus. Nux. Nudity. Nudus; ity. Nuisance. Noceo; ance. Nullify. Nullus;fy. Numbers. Numerus. Numerical. Numerus; ical.

Numismatics,
Nuptials.

(Gr.)

Nomisma;
al.

ics.

Nuptum;

Nurse. Nutrio. Nutriment. Nutrio; ment.

ity. ty.

Nymph,

(Gr.)

Nympha.

d;
y.

Mutuus; al. Myopy, (Gr.) Myo, Ops; Myriad. (Gr.) Myriados.

Mutual.

Mysterious, (Gr.) Mystikos; ery, ous. Mystic, (Gr.) Mystikos; ic. Mysticism, (Gr.) Mystikos; ic, ism. Mythical, (Gr. ) Mythos; ical. Mythology, (Gr.) Mythos, Logos; y.
Narcissus, (Gr.) Narke. Narcotic, (Gr.) Narke; ic. Narration. Narro; ate, ion. Nasal. Nasus; al.

Obduracy, ob. Durus; acy. Obdurate, ob. Durus; ate. Obey, ob. Audio. Obedience, ob. Audio ; ence.
Obelisk, (Gr.) Obeliskos. Obituary, ob. Itum; ary. Object, ob. Jactum. Oblation, ob. Latum; ion. Obligation, ob. Ligatum; ion. Oblige, ob. Ligo. Obliterate, ob. Litera; ate. Oblivion. Oblivio; ion.

Obloquy, ob.

Loquor;

y.

308

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
ous.

Obnoxious, ob. Noxius;

Obsequies, ob. Sequor ; y. Obsequious, ob. Sequor; y,ous. Observations, ob. Servatum; ion. Observing, ob. Servo ; ing.
Obstacle, ob. Sto ; cle. Obtain, ob. Teneo. Obtrude, ob. Trudo. Obtuse, ob. Tusum. Obviate, ob. Via ; ate. Obviously, ob. Via; ous,

Orthodromics, (Gr.) Orthos, Dromos ; ics Orthodox, (Gr.) Orthos, Doxa. Orthoepy, (Gr.) Orthos, Epos ; y. Orthography, (Gr.) Orthos, Grapho; y. Orthology, (Gr.) Orthos, Logos; y. Orthomfetry, (Gr.) Orthos, Metron ; y.
Ossification.
Ossis,

Ostensible, os. Ostentation, os.

ly.

Factum; ion. Tensum ; ible. Tcntum; ion.

Occasion, oc.

Casum;ion.

Occupant, oc. Capio; ant. Occupation, oc. Captum; ion. Occupied, oc. Capio. Occurrence, oc. Curro ; ence. Octagon, (Gr.) Okto, Gonia. Octahedron, (Gr.) Okto, Hedra. Octandria, (Gr.) Okto, Andros.
Octopetalous, (Gr.)

Ostcon. Logos ; y. Ostrakon; ism. Ostracize, (Gr.) Ostrakon ; ize. Otacoustic, (Gr.) Otos, Akouo ; ic.

Osteology, (Gr.) Ostracism, (Gr.)

Ouranography,(Gr.) Ouranos, Grapho;

Outrage. Ultra. Oval. Ovum; al. Ovate. Ovum ; ate. Oxide, (Gr.) Oxys;

>;

ide.

(Fr. Acide.)

Octospermous,

Okto, Petalon ; ous. Okto, Sperma; ous. (Gr.)

Oxygen, Oxymel,

(Gr.) (Gr.)

Oxys, Genea. Oxys, Meli.

Ocular. Oculus; ar. Ode, (Gr.) Ode. Odious. Odi; ous.

Pachyderm,
Pacification.

Paganism.
ic.

(Gr.) Pachys, Derma. Pads. Factum; ion. Pagus ; an, ism.

y.

Odium.

Odi.

Odontalgia, (Gr.) Odontalgic, (Gr.) Odor. Odor.

Offensive, of.
Officiate, of.

Odontos, Algos. Odontos, Algos;

ive.

Painting. Pingo; ing. Paleograph, (Gr.) Paleos, Grapho; Palindrome, (Gr.) Palin, Dromos.
Pall.

Pallium.

Fensum;
Facio;
ate.

Ointment.

Olfactory. Oligarchical, (Gr.)

Unctum; ment. Oleo, Factum ; ory.

Oligos, Arche; ical Oligos, Arche; y.

Oligarchy, (Gr.)

Pan, Dechomai. (Gr.) Pan, Daimon. Panegyric, (Gr.) Pan, Ayma.

Panacea, (Gr.) Pandect, (Gr.)

Palliative. Pallium ; ate, ive. Palsy, (Gr.) para. Lysis; y. Pan, Akeo, I cure.

Pandemonium,

Olympiad, (Gr.) Olympos. Olympic, (Gr.) Olympos; ic. Omnipotent. Omnis, Potentis. Omnipresent. Omnis; pre. Esse; ent. Omniscient. Omnis, Scientia. Onerous. Oneris; ous. Onomatopoeia, (Gr.) Onoma, Poieo.
Operation.
Operis;
(Gr.)
ate, ion.

Panic, (Gr.) Pan;ic. Panoply, (Gr.) Pan, Oplon; y. Pan, Orama. (Gr.) Pantheism, (Gr.) Pan, Theos; ism.

Panorama,
Pantheon,

Pantomime,

(Gr.) Pan, Theos. (Gr.) Pantos, Mimos.

Ophthalmia,
Opinion.

Ophthalmos.
ion.
ent.

Opinor;

Opponent, op.

Pono;

Paper, (Gr.) Papyros. Parable, (Gr.) para. Boleo. Parabola, Gr.) para. Boleo. Paraboloid, (Gr.) para. Boleo, Eidos, Paradise, (Gr.) Paradeisos.

Opportunity, op. Porto; ity. (L. Opportunus.) Oppress, op. Pressum. Optician, (Gr.) Optomai; ic, ian. Optics, (Gr.) Optomai; ics. Option. Opto; ion. Oracle. Oraculum, an oracle.
Oration. Oratum; ion. Orator. Oratum; or. Orb. Orbis.
Orbit. Orbita. Orbital. Orbita;
al.

Paradox, (Gr.) para. Doxa. Paragoge, (Gr.) para. Agogeus.

Parallax, (Gr.) para. Allaxis. Parallel, (Gr.) para. Allelon. Parallelogram, (Gr.) para. Allelon, Gram-

ma.
Parallelepiped, (Gr.) para. Allelon ; Pedon, a plain. Paralysis, (Gr.) para. Lysis. Paralyze, (Gr.) para. Lysis; ize.
epi.

Paramount,

per, a for ad.

Montis.

Ordo. Ordinance. Ordinis; ance.

Order.

Organs, (Gr.) Organon. Organization, (Gr.) Organon; ize,ion.

Oriental. Orior; ent, al. Originality. Originis ; al, ity. Originate. Originis; ate. Orison. Oro. Ornament. Ornatum; ment. Ornate. Ornatum. Ornithology, (Gr.) Ornithos, Logos; y. Ornithomancy,(Gr.) Ornithos, Manteia; y.

Orphanage,

(Gr.)

Orphanos; age.

Parapet. Paro, Pectus. Paraphernalia, (Gr.) para. Pherne. Paraphrase, (Gr.) para. Phrasis. Paraselene, (Gr.) para. Selene. Parasite, (Gr.) para. Sitos. Parasitical, (Gr.) para. Sitos; ical. Parentage. Pario; ent, age. Parenthesis, (Gr.) para, en. Thesis. Parhelion, (Gr.) para. Helios. Parish, (Gr.) para. Oikos. Parochial, (Gr.) para. Oikos; al. Parody, (Gr.) para. Ode; y. Paronomasia, (Gr.) para. Onoma. Parotid, (Gr.) para. Otos.

KEY.
Paroxysm, (Gr.) para. Oxys; sm. Parricide. Pater, Cscdo. Part. Partis. Participate. Partis, Capio; ate. Particle. Partis; cle. Partisan. Partis; an. Partition, Partis; ion. Passionate. Passus; ion, ate. Passive. Passus; ive. Pastor. Pastum, to pasture or. Paternal. Pater; al. (L. Paternus.) Paternoster, (Gr.) Pater. L. Noster, our. Pathetic, (Gr.) Pathos; ic. Pathology, (Gr.) Pathos, Logos; y. Pathos, (Gr.) Pathos. Patience. Patior; ence. Patriarch, (Gr.) Patros, Arche. Patrician. Patris; ian.
;

309
Hum.
Stello; ic.
y.

Perish, per.

Peristaltic, peri.

Perjury, per.

Juro;

Permanent, per. Mdneo ; ent. Permeate, per. Meo; ate. Permission, per. Missum; ion. Peroration, per. Oratum; ion. Perpendicular, per. Pendeo ; ar. Perplexity, per. Plcxum ; ity.
Perquisites, per. Quscsitum.

Persecution, per. Secutus; ion. Perseverance, per. Severus; ance,

Persistent, per.
Sisto ; ent.

Patriot.

Patris.

Patrimony.
Patronage.

Patris; mony. Patris; age.

Patronymic, (Gr.) Patros, Onyma; ic. Pauperism. Pauper; ism. Peace. Pads. Peculate. Peculium; ate. Peculiar. Peculium; ar. Pecuniary. Pecunia ; ary. Pedagogue, (Gr.) Paideia, Agogeus. Pedant, (Gr.) Paideia; ant.
Peddler. Pedis; er. (Pad, to go. ?) Pedestrian. Pedis; ian. Pedobaptist, (Gr.) Paidos, Bapto; ist.

Personate. Persona; ate. Perspicuity, per. Specio; ity. Persuade per. Suadeo. Pertinacious, per. Teneo; acious. Pertinacity, per. Teneo ; ity. Pertinent, per. Teneo ; ent. Perturbation, per. Turba; ion. Peruse, per. Visum. Pervade, per. Vado. Perversion, per. Versum ; ion. Verio. Pervert, per. Pestiferous. Pestis, Fero ; ous.
Petal, (Gr.) Petalon. Petrifaction, (Gr.) Petra, L.
ion. Petrify, (Gr.) Petra ; fy. Petulant. Petulantis.
(Gr.) Phono. Pharmaceutic, (Gr.) Pharmakon; ic. Pharmacopoeia, (Gr.) Pharmakon, Poieo.

Factum;

Phantom,

Par; eer. Peerage. Par; eer, Peloponnesus, (Gr.) News.

Penalty.

Peer.

age. Pelops, the

Pharmacy,
Morea,
Phase, (Gr.)

(Gr.)

Pharmakon;

y.

Pcena;

al, ty.

Pendeo. Penetration. Penetro ; ate, ion. Peninsulas. Pene, Insula. Penitence. Pceniteo; ence. Penitentiary. Pceniteo; ent, ary. Pension. Pensum; ion. Pentachord, (Gr.) Pente, Chorde. Pentagon, (Gr.) Pente, Gonia.

Pendulum.

Phano. Phoenix or Phoinix. Phenomenon, (Gr.) Phano. AnthroPhilos, Philanthropy, (Gr.) pos; y. Philology, (Gr.) Philos, Logos; y. Philomath, (Gr.) Philos, Mathema. Philomela, (Gr.) Philos, Melos. Philosophy, (Gr.) Philos, Sophia; y.

Phenix,

(Gr.)

Pentameter, (Gr.) Pentarchy, (Gr.) Pente, Arche; y. Pentateuch, (Gr.) Pente, Teuchos.
Pentecost, (Gr.) Pentekoste. Penultimate. Pene, Ultimus; People. Populus.
ate.

Pente, Metron.

Phlebotomy, (Gr.) Phlcbos, Tomos ; Phlegm. (Gr.) Phlegma. Phlegmatic, (Gr.) Phlegma; ic.

y.

Phlogiston, (Gr.) Phlegma. Phonics, (Gr.) Phone; ics. Phosphate, (Gr.) Phos. (Gr.) ate. Phos, Phcro; Phosphorescent, (Gr.)
escent.

Perambulate, per.

Ambulo;

ate.

Perceiving, per. Capio; ing. Perceptible, per. Captum; ible. Peregrination, per. Agri; ate, ion.

Peremptory, per.
Perennial, per.

Emptum ;
Annus;
al.

ory.

Photography, (Gr.) Photos, Grapho; y. Photometer, (Gr.) Photos, Metron. Phraseology, (Gr.) Phrasis, Logos; y. Phrenology, (Gr.) Phren, Logos; y. Phyllon, Phero; Phyllophorous, (Gr.)
ous.

Perfectly, per. Factum; ly. Perfidy, per. Fido; y. Performance, per. Forma; ance. Perfumery, per. Fumus; ery.

Physical, (Gr.) Physis; ic, al. Physician, (Gr.) Physis; ic, ian.

Physiognomy,

(Gr.) Physis,

Gnomon;
y.
y.
.

y.

Pericardium, (Gr.) peri.

Kardia.

Perihelion, (Gr) peri. Helios. Perimeter, (Gr) peri. Metron. Period, (Gr.) peri. Odos.

Physiology, (Gr.) Physis, Logos; Phytology, (Gr.) Phyton, Logos; Pictum. Pict. Picturesque. Pictum ; ure, esque. Piety. Pius; ety.
Pilfer.

Periosteum, (Gr.) peri.

Peripatetic, (Gr.) peri.

Osteon.

Pilo, Facio.

Periphery, (Gr.) peri. Periphrase, (Gr.) peri.

Periscii, (Gr.) peri.

Pateo; ic. Phero; y.

Phrasis.

Pilgrim, per.
Pillage.

Agri.

Pilo, age.

Sk-ia.

Piracy, (Gr.) Peirates; acy. Placid. Placeo; id.

310

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Potential. Potentis; al. Potion. Poto, I drink ion.
;

Plane. Planus. Planet, (Gr.) Plane. Planisphere, L. Planus, (Gr.) Sphaira. Plant. Planta. Planifolious. Planus, Folium ; ous. Plantation. Plantatum; ion. Plastic, (Gr.) Plasso; ic. Platonic, (Gr.) Platon ; ic. Plausible. Plausum; ible. Pleasure. Placeo; ure. Plebeian. Plebs; ion.

Powder. Power.

Pulveris. Posse.

Practicable, (Gr.)

Praktos;

Pragmatic, (Gr.) Pragma; Praise. Precium.

Prayer.

ice, able. ic.

Precor;

er.

Preadmonish, pre, ad. Moneo ; Preamble, pre. Ambulo.

Precarious. Precor; ous. Precaution, pre. Cautum; ion. Precedent, pre. Cedo ; ent. Preceptor, pre. Captum ; or. Precinct, pre. Cinctum. Precious. Precium; ous. Precipice, pre. Caput.
Precipitate, pre. Capitis; ate. Precise, pre. Csesum. Precision, pre. Csesum; ion. Preclude, pre. dudo. Preconcert, pre, con. Certo. Precursor, pre. Cursum; or.

ish.

Plenary. Plenus; ary. Plenus, Potentis; ary. Plenipotentiary. Plenus; tyjul. Pleonasm. Pleo; asm. Pleurisy, (Gr.) Pleura; y.
Plentiful.

Pliant.

Plico; ant.

Plumbago.
Plurality.

Plumbum.
Pluris;
(Gr.)

(L.

Plumbago.)

al, ity.

Pneumonia, Poem, (Gr.)

Pneumon.
ion.

Poieo.
ize,
ic.

Poesy, (Gr.) Poieo; y. Polarization. Polus; ar, Polemic, (Gr.) Polernos;

Police, (Gr.) Polis. Policy, (Gr.) Polis; y. Politum (or Politeness.
Political. (Gr.)

Gr. Politeia);

Predatory. Prseda; ory. Predecessor, pre, de. Cessum; Predicable, pre. Dico ; able. Predict, pre. Dictum.

or.

Predominate, pre.
Politeia ; ical.

Dominus;

ate.

Polyadelphia, (Gr.) Poly, Adelphos. Polyanthus, (Gr.) Poly, Anthos.

Polygamy,

(Gr.)

Poly,

Gameo;

y.

Preface, pre. Fari. Preferable, pre. Fero ; able. Prejudice, pre. Judico. Prejudicial, pre. Judico; al.

Polygenous, (Gr.)
Polyglot, (Gr.)

Poly,Genea;

ous.

Poly, Glotta. Polygon, (Gr.) Poly, Gonia. Polyhedron, (Gr.) Poly, Hedra. Polypetalous, (Gr.) Poly, Petalon; ous. Polypus, (Gr.) Poly, Pous. Polyspermous, (Gr.) Poly, Sperma; ous.

Polysyllable, (Gr.)

Poly;

syl.

Labo.

Polytheism, (Gr.)

Poly, Theos; ism.

Pomegranate. Pomum. Granum. Pomological. Pomum, Gr. Logos; ical. Pomp, (Gr.) Pompe. Pomposity, (Gr.) Pompe ; ous, ity.
Ponderous.
Pontiff.

Preliminary, pre. Liminis; ary. Premature, pre. Maturus. Premeditate, pre. Meditor ; ate. Premonitory, pre. Monitum ; ory. Prepare, pre. Paro. Prepense, pre. Pensum. Preposterous, pre. Posterns; ous. Prerogative, pre. Rogatum ; ive. Presage, pre. Sagacis. Presbyterian, (Gr.) Presbyteros; ian.
Prescribe, pre. Scribo. Presence, pre. Esse; ence. Present, pre. Esse; ent. Preservation, pre. Sewatum; ion. Presidency, pre. Sedeo; ency. Pressure. Pressum; ure. Presumption, pre. Sumptum; ion. Pretension, pre. Tensum ion. Pretext, pre. Textum. Valeo. Prevail, pre. Varico; ate. Prevaricate, pre. Preventive, pre. Ventum; ive. Previously, pre. Via; ous, ly.

Pondus ;

ous.

Pontis, Facio.

Pontoon. Pontis. Poor. Pauper. Pope, (Gr.) Papas. Populace. Populus. Population. Populus; ate, ion. Porch. Porto. Porphyritic (Gr.) Porphyra; ic.
Portal.

Porto

; al.

Portend, por. Tendo. Portentous, por. Tentum; ous. Portfolio. Porto, Folium.
Portico.
Porto. Porto,

Prey.
Price.

Prseda; y. Precium.

Portmanteau.
Portray, por.

Manus.

Traho.

Primacy. Primus; acy. Primeval. Primus, JEvum; al. Primogeniture. Primus. Genitum; ure Primroses. Primus, Rosa, a rose.
Prince. Primus, Capio. Principle. Primus, Capio.
Print. Premo. Priority. Prior;
ity.

Positively. Positum; ive, ly. Possess, po, an inseparable preposition denoting power. Sessum.
Possibility.

Posse; ible, ity. Post-diluvian, post. JDUuvium ; an. Posterity. Posterns; ity.

Postpone, post.

Pono.

Posture. Positum; ure. Potentate. Potentis; ate.

Prisma, Eidos. Prisoner. Prehensum; er. Privus; acy. Privacy. Privateer. Privus; ate, eer. Privilege. Privus, Legis.

Prismoid. (Gr.)

KEY.
Prize. Prize.

311

Prehendo.

(Fr. Prise, taken.)

ize.

Precium;

Probable. Probo; able. Probation. Probatum; ion. Probity. Probo; ity. Problematical, (Gr.) pro. Boleo; ical. Procedure, pro. Cedo; ure. Proclamation, pro. Clamatum ; ion.
Proclivity, pro. Clivus; ity. Procrastinate, pro. Oras; ate. Procurement, pro. Cura ; ment.

Provoke, pro. Voco. Proximity. Proximus; ity. Proxy, pro. Cura; y. (L. Procuracy.) Prudent, pru. Video; ent. Psalmody, (Gr.) Psalma, Ode; y.
Psaltery, (Gr.)

Psalma;
(Gr.)

ery.

Pseudo-apostle,
Stello.

Pseudos;

apo.

Pseudonym,
Psvchology,

(Gr.) Pseudo, Onyma. (Gr.) .Psyche, Logos; y.

Prodigal. Prodigium; al. Prodigy. Prodigium; y.

Publicity. Publicus; 'ity. Publish. Publicus; ish. Puerility. Puer; ile,ity.

Pugilist.

Production, pro. Ductum; ion. Profane, pro. Fanum. Profess, pro. Fessum.
Proffer, pro, of. Fero. Proficiency, pro. Facio ; ency. Profligate, pro. Fligo ; ate. Profound, pro. Fundus. Profundity, pro. Fundus; ity. Profusion, pro. Fusum; ion.

Pugil;

ist.

Pugnacious.
Puissant.

Pugna;

acious.

Posse; ant.

Pulmonary.

Pulmonis ; ary.
Pulveris ;
ize,

Pulverization.

ion.

Punctuation. Punctum ; ate, ion. Puncture. Punctum; ure. Pungent. Pungo; ent.
ate.

Progenitor, pro. Gemtum; or. Prognosticate. (Gr.) pro. Gnostos;

Programme,

(Gr.) pro.

Gramma.

Progress, pro. Prohibit, pro. Prolepsis, (Gr.) Prologue, (Gr.)

Gressus.

Habeo.
pro. pro.
Lepsis.

Logos.

Prominent, pro. Mineo ; ent. Promiscuous, pro. Misceo ; ous. Promising, pro. Missum; ing. Promotion, pro. Mbtum; ion. Promptitude. Promptus; tude. Pronounce, pro. Nuncio.
Probo. Propensity, pro. Pensum; ity. Proper. Proprius. Property. Proprius; ty. Prophesy, (Gr.) pro. Phano; y. Prophet, (Gr.) pro. Phano. Proportion, pro. Portio ; ion. Proposition, pro. Positum ; ion. Proprietor. Proprius; or. Prorogue, pro. Rogo. Prosecute, pro. Secutus. Proselyte, (Gr.) Proselytos.
Proof.

Punishment. Punio; ish, ment. Punitive. Punitum; ive. Pure. Purus. Puritan. Purus; an. Purport, pur. Porto. Purpose, pur. Positum. Pursue, pur. Secutus. Pursuit, pur. Secutus. Pusillanimity. Pusillus, Animus;

ity.

Pygmean,
Pyre, (Gr.)

(Gr.)

Pygme;

an.

Pyr.

Pyrites, (Gr.)

Pyr;Gr.ite.
Pyr, Latreia;
y.

Pyrolatry, (Gr.)

Pyroligneous, (Gr.) Pyr, Lignum; ous. Pyrometer, (Gr.) Pyr, Metron. Pyrotechnic, (Gr.) Pyr, Techne.

Quadrangle.
Quadrilateral.

Quadrumane.
Quadruped.
Qualify.

Quadra, Angidus. Quadra, Lateris; Quadra, Manus. Quadra, Pedis.

al.

Qualis ; fy.

Quarantine.
rante, forty.)

Quadra;

ine.

(Fr.

Qua-

Prosody, (Gr.) Pros, to, Ode; y. Prosopopoeia, (Gr.) Prosopon, Poieo. Prospect, pro. Spectum. Prosperity, pro. Spero ; ity.
Thesis. Prosthesis, (Gr.) pros, to. Prostration, pro. Stratum; ion. Protectorate, pro. Tectum ; or, ate. Protestant, pro. Testis ; ant. Prothonotary, (Gr.) Protos, L. Nota; ary. Protocol, (Gr.) Protos, Kolla, glue. Protomartyr, (Gr.) Protos, Martyr. Protoplast, (Gr.) Protos, Plasso. Prototype, (Gr.) Protos, Typos. Protract. Pro, Tractum. Protrude. Pro, Trudo. Prove. Probo. Proverb, pro. Verbum. Provide, pro. Video. Providence, pro. Video; ence, Vinco. Province, pro. Visum; ion. Provision, pro. Visum. Proviso, pro. Provocation, pro. Vocatum; ion.

Quantity. Quantus; ity. Quarrel. Queror. Quart. Quadra. Quartan. Quadra. Querulous. Queror; ous.

Query. Qusero ; y. Question. Qusssitum; ion. Quiescence. Quies; escence. Quietude. Quietis; ude. Quinquedentate. Quinque, Dentis; ate Quintessence. Quinta, JEsse; ence.
Quintillion. Quinta, Mille; ion. Quorum. Quot. Quotidian. Quot, Dies; an.

Rabid. Rabies; id. Radiance. Radius; ance.

Radically.

Radicis ;

al, ly.

Rancorous. Ranceo; or, ous. Rapacity. Rapio ; ity. Rapacious. Rapio ; acious. Rapidly. Rapio; id, ly. Rapine. Rapio; ine. Rarefy. Rarus; fy.
Ratification.

Ratus, Factum

ion.

312
Rational.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Repeal, re. Pello. Repeat, re. Petitum. Repent, re. Pozniteo. Repetition, re. Petitum ; ion. Replete, re. Pletum. Reply, re. Plico. Report, re. Porto. Repose, re. Positum. Reprehensible, re. Prehensum; ible. Represent, re, pre. Esse ; ent. Representative, re, pre. Esse ; ent, ive.

Ratus; ion, al. Rapio. Ravish. Rapio; ish. Rays. Radius. Raze. Rasum. Reality. Res; al, ity. Reason. Ratus. Rebellion, re. Bellum ; ion. Recantation, re. Cantatum; ion. Recapitulate, re. Capitulum; ate. Receipt, re. Captum. Receive, re. Capio. Recently. Recentis; ly. Receptacle, re. Captum; cle. Recharter, re. Charta. Recipe, re. Capio. Recipient, re. Capio; ent. Recitation, re. Citatum; ion. Reclaim, re. Clamo. Recline, re. Clino. Recognize, re, co. Nosco ; ize.

Ravage.

Reprove,

re.

Probo.

Reptile. Reptum; He. Repugnance, re. Pugna ; ance. Repulsive, re. Pulsum ; ive. Reputation, re. Putatum; ion.

Request, re

Qusesitum.
Quies.

Requiem,
Require,

re.

re. Qusero. Requisite, re. Qusesitum.

Resemblance,

re.

Similis; ance.

(Fr

Recommend,
Recompense,

re, corn. re, com.

Mando. Pensum.

Reconcile, re. Concilium. Reconnoiter, re, con. Notum. Record, re. Cordis. Recourse, re. Cursum. Recriminate, re. Cnminis; ate. Rectangular. Rectus, Angulus ; or. Rectilineal. Rectus, Linea; al. Rectitude. Rectus; tude. Recumbent, re. Gumbo ; ent

Sembler, to appear.) Resent, re. Sentio. Reservoir, re. Servo. Reside, re. Sedeo. Residue, re. Sedeo. Resign, re. Signum. Resin, (Gr.) Rheo. Resistance, re. Sisto ; ance. Resolution, re. Solutum; ion. Resolve, re. Solvo.
re. Sonus; ant. re. Spectum ; able. Resplendent, re. Splendeo ; ent. Responsible, re. Sponsum; ible. Restitution, re. Sisto, or Statum ;

Resonant,

Redeem,

red.

Emo.
Oleo
; ent.

Respectable,

Redolent, red.

Redundant,
Reference,
Reflect, re.

red.

Unda;

ate.

Fero ; ence. re. Flecto. Reformation, re. Forma; ion. Refraction, re. Fractum; ion. Refrigerate, re. Frigoris; ate. Refugee, re. Fugio ; ee. Refulgence, re. Fulgeo ; ence.

ion.

Restive, re. Sto ; ive. Restrain, re. Stringo. Restriction, re. Strictum ; ion. Result, re. Saltum.

Regal. Rego; al. Regalia. Rego; al. Regent. Rego; ent. Regimen. Rego. Regulate. Regula; ate.
Reiterate, re. Itero ; ate. Relaxation, re. Laxus; ion. Relevant, re. Levo; ant. Relic, re. Lictum. Relief, re. Levo. Relieve, re. Levo. Religion, re. Ligo; ion. Relinquish, re. Linquo ; ish. Reluctant, re. Luctor ; ant. Remain, re. Maneo. Remedial, re. Medeor ; al. Remember, re. Memor. Reminiscence, re. Memini; escence. Remonstrance, re. Monstro; ance. Remorse, re. Morsum. Remote, re. Motum. Removal, re. Moveo; al.

Resurrection, re. Surrectum; ion. Resuscitate, re, sus. Cito ; ate. Retentive, re. Tentum; ive. Tortum. Retort, re. Retribution, re. Tributum; ion.

Retrograde, retro.
Retrospect, retro.

Gh-adior.

Spectum.

Reveal, Revelation,

re.

Veto. re. Veto; ion.

Revenge, Revenue,
Revere,

re. Vindex. re. Venio. (Fr. Venue, Vereor. re. Reverend, re. Vereor. Vereor; ent, al. Reverential, re. Reverse, re. Versum. Verto. Revert, re. Reviewer, re. Video ; er. Revive, re. Vivo. Revoke, re. Voco. Revolt, re. Volutum.. Revolution, re. Volutum; ion. Revolve, re. Volvo.

come.)

Render, ren. Do. Renegade, re. Nego. Rendition, re. Datum

Rhapsodical, (Gr.) Rhapto, Ode ; Rhapsody, (Gr.) Rhapto, Ode; y. Rhetoric, (Gr.) Rhetor; ic.

ical.

Rheum,
;

(Gr.)

Rheuma.
(Gr.)

ion.

Rheumatism,

Rheuma ;

ism.

Renounce,

re.

Nuncio.
ion.

Renovate, re. Novus; ate. Eeparation, re. Paratum ;

Rhinoceros, (Gr.) Rhin, the nose, Keras Rhomb, (Gr.) Rhombos. Rhomboid, (Gr.) Rhombos, Eidos,

KEY.
Rhyme, (Gr.) Rhythmos. Rhythm, (Gr.) Rhythmos.
Ridiculous. Rideo; ous. (L. Ridiculus.) Rigid. Rigeo; id. Rigorous. Rigeo ; or, ous. Riparian. Ripa, a bank ar, ian.
;

313
Scando.

Scan.

Scarify, (Gr.)

Scenery, (Gr.)

Skariphos; fy. Skene;ery.

y.

(Gr.) Skene. Grapho; Scent. Sentio. Scepter, (Gr.) Skeptron.

Scenography,

Risible.

Risum;

ible.

Rival. Rivus. River. Rivus. Rivulet. Rivus;

let.

(Gr.) Schema. Schismatic, (Gr.) Schisma; ic. Scholar, (Gr.) Schote; ar. Scholasticism, (Gr.) Schole; ic, ism.

Scheme,

Robust.

Robur.
an.

Roman. Roma, Rome;

Roseate. -Rosa; ate. Rotary. Rota; ary. Rotunda. Rota. (L. Rotundus, round.) Rotundity. Rota; ity. Royalty. Rego; al, ty. (Fr. Roi, king.)

Rudeness. Rudis ; ness. Rudiments. Rudis; ment.

Rule.
Regula.
ant.

(Gr.) Schole. Schole. Sciatica. Science. Scio ; ence. Scientific. Scientia, Facio. Scope, (Gr.) Skopeo. Scoptic, (Gr.) Skopto ; ic. Scribbling. Scribo ; ing. Scripture. Scriptum ; ure.

Scholium,
Sciatica.

Scho9l, (Gr.)

Ruminant. Ruminis; Rumor. Rumor.

Rural.

Sculptor. Sculptum; or. Secession, se. Cessum; ion.

Ruris;

al.

Rustic. Rus ; ic. Rusticate. Rus;

(L. Rusticus.)
ic, ate.

Saccharine.
Sacerdotal.

Saccharum;

ine.

Sacer, Dotis; al. Sacri, ment. Sacred. Sacri. Sacrifice. Sacri, Facio. Sacrilege. Sacri, Lego. Safer. Salus; er.

Seclude, se. (Judo. Seclusion, se. Clusum;ion. Secret, se. Cretum. Secretary, se. Cretum; ary. Secrete, se. Cretum. Section. Sectum; ion. Secular. Seculum; ar.
Security, se. Cura; ity. Sedate. Sedatus. Sedentary. Sedeo ; ary. Sedition, se. Hum; ion. Sedulous. Sedeo; ous. Segregate, se. Gregis ; ate. Select, se. Lectum.
Selenite, (Gr.)

Sacrament.

Sagacious. Sagax; adous. Sagacity. Sagacis; ity. Sage. Sagax. (L. Sapio ?)
Saint. Sanctus. Salary. Sal; ary. (L. Salarium, money for salt.) Salient. Salio; ent. Saline. Sal; ine. Sally. Salio; y.
Salt.
Sal.

Selene; Gr.

ite.

Selenography, (Gr.) Selene, Grapho ; y. Semi-diameter, (Gr.) semi, dia. Metron. Seminary. Seminis; ary. Semitone, (Gr.) semi. Tonos.
Senate. Senex. (L. Senatus.) Senior. Senex; or. (L. Senior.) Sensible. Sensum; ible. Sentence. Sentio; ence. Sententious. Sentio ; ence. ous. Sentimental. Sentio ; ment, al. Separable, se. Paro ; able. Separation, se. Paro ; ate, ion. September. Septem. Septennial. Septem, Annus; al. Sepulchre. Sepulchrum. Sequel. Sequor. Sermon. Sermonis. Serpentine. Serpo ; ent, ine. Servant. Servio; ant. Servitude. Servio; tude. Session. Sessum; ion. Several, se. Paro ; al. Severer. Severus; er. Severity. Severus; ity. Sexagenarian. Sexaginta ; ian. Sideroscope, (Gr.) Sideros, Skopeo.
Siege. Sedeo. Sign. Signum. Signal. Signum; al. Similarity. Similis ; ar, ity. Similitude. Similis ; tude. Simplicity, sine. Plico ; ity.

Saltpetre. Sal. Gr. Petra. Salubrity. Salubris; ity. Salutary. Salutis; ary. Salutatory. Salutis; ory. Salvation. Salus; ion. (L. Salvus.)

Sample.

Exemplum.

Sanative. Sanus; ive. Sanctify. Sanctus ; fy. Sanctimonious. Sanctus; many, ous. Sanctuary. Sanctus; ary.

Sanguinary. Sanguis ; ine, ary. Sanguine. Sanguis; ine. Sanity. Sanus; ity. Saponaceous. Saponis; aceous. Sarcasm, (Gr.) Sarkos; asm.
Sarcastic, (Gr.)

Sarkos;

ic.

Sarcophagus, (Gr.) Sarkos, Phago. Sarcophagy, (Gr.) Sarkos, Phago; y.

Satiate.

Satis; ate. Satiety. Satis; ety. Satisfactory. Satis,

Factum

ory.

Saturate. Satur; ate. Savor. Sapio; or.

Savory.

Sapio; ory.

Scald, ex. Caleo; id. Scale. Scala. Scalene, (Gr.) Skalenos.

Simultaneous.
Sinecure, sine.

Simul;
Cura.

ous.

27

314
Single.
Sinister.

A
Singulus.
Sinister.

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Strait.

Stringo.

Strange.
Strata.

Siphon, (Gr.)

Siphon.

Extra. Stratum.

Skeptic, (Gr.) Skeptomai; ic. Soap. Sapo. Sobriety, sine. Ebrius; ety. Sociable. Socius; able. Socratic, (Gr.) Sokrates; ic. Solace. Solor; ace. Solar. Sol; ar. Soldiery. Solidus; ier, y. Solecism, (Gr.) Soloikos; ism. Solidity. Solidus; ity. Soliloquy. Solus, Loquor; y. Solitary. Solus; ary. Solitude. Solus; tude. Solstice. Sol,Sto;ice. Soluble. Solutum; ble. Solution. Solutum; ion. Solvency. Solvo; ency.

Stratagem, (Gr.) Stratos. Ago. Stratum. Stratum. Strenuous. Strenuus; ous.

Strict.

Strictum. Stricture. Strictum; ure.

Somnambulist.
Sonorous.

Somnus, Ambulo; Sonus; ous. Sophistry, (Gr.) Sophia; ist, ry.

Sordid. Sordidus. Sororicide. Soror, a sister Csedo. Sound. Sonus. Source. Surgo. Sovereign. Super, Rego. Space. Spatium.. Sparsedly. Sparsum; ly. Spasmodic, (Gr.) Spao, Eidos; ic.
;

ist.

Specific.

Specimen.

Specie, Facio. Specio.

Specious. Specio; ous. Spectator. Spectum; or.

Specter. Spectum; er. Specio ; fy. Speculate. Specio; ate. (L. Speculor.) Spherical, (Gr.) Sphaira; ical. Sphericity, (Gr.) Sphaira; ity. Spheroid, (Gr.) Sphaira, Eidos.
Specifies.

Student, Studeo; ent. Stygian, (Gr.) Stygos; ian. Styliform, (Gr.) Stylos. L. Forma. Styloid, (Gr.) Stylos, Eidos. Suavity. Suavis; ity. Subacid, sub. A ceo; id. Subaltern, sub. Alternus. Subject, sub. Jactum. Subjugate, sub. Jugum; ate. Subjunctive, sub. Junctum; ive. Submission, sub. Missum; ion. Subordinate, sub. Ordinis; ate. Suborn, sub. Orno. Subpoena, sub. Pcena. Subsequent, sub. Sequor; ent. Subservient, sub. Servio ; ent. Subsidiary, sub. Sedeo; ary. Subsidize, sub. Sedeo ; ize. Subsistence, sub. Sisto; ence. Substance, sub. Sto; ance. Substantial, sub. Sto ; al. Substitute, sub. Statum. Subterfuge, subter. Fugio. Subterranean, sub. Terra; can. Subversive, sub. Versum; ive. Subvert, sub. Verio. Successive, sue. Cessum; ive. Succinct, sue. Cinctum. Succor, sue. Curro.

Succumb,
Sue.

Suffer, suf. Suffix, suf.

sue. Cumbo. Sequor. (?) Fero.

Fixum.
Suffragium. Sui, Csedo; al. Secutus; able. (?)

Spiro. (L. Spiritus.) Spiritual. Spiro; al. (L. Spiritus.) Spleen, (Gr.) Splen.
Spirit.

Suffrage. Suicidal. Suitable.

Splendeo; id. Splendeo; or. Splenetic, (Gr.) Splen; ic.

Splendid. Splendor.

Summon, sum.

Moneo.

Spolium; ion. Spondee, (Gr.) Spondeios. Squadron, ex. Quadra. Square, ex. Quadra.
Spoliation.
Stability. Sto; able, Staid. Sto.
ity.

Sumptuous. Sumptum; ous. Superabundance, super, ab. Unda; ance. Superannuate, super. Annus; ate.
Superb. Super. (L. Superbus.) Supercilious. Super, Cilium; ous. Superfluity, super. Fluo ; ity. Superintend, super, in. Tendo. Superior. Superior. Superlative. Super, Latum; ive.
Supernatural, super. Natus; ure, al. Supersede. Super, Sedeo. Supernumeraries, super. Numerus; ary
Superstition.
Super, Sisto; ion.
ure.

Statement.

Statum; ment. Stationary. Statum; ion, ary. Stature. Statum; ure.

Stay.
Sto.

Steganography, (Gr.) Steganos, Grapho;y. Stenographic, (Gr.) Stenos, Orapho; ic.

Stereoscope, (Gr.) Stereos, Skopeo. Stereotype, (Gr.) Stereos, Typos. Stethoscope, (Gr.) Stethos, Skopeo. Stigma, (Gr.) Stigma. Stigmatize. (Gr.) Stigmatos^; ize. Stipulation. Stipula; ate, ion. Stoicism, (Gr.) Stoa; ic, ism. Stomach, (Gr.) Stomachos. Stomatic, (Gr.) Stoma, a mouth ic.
;

Super, Structum ; Supervenes. Super, Venio. Supervision, super, Visum; ion. Supplant, sup. Planta.

Superstructure.

Pleo; ment. Supplication, sup. Plico; ate, ion. Pleo. Supply, sup. Suppose, sup. Positum. Suppress, sup. Pressum.

Supplement, sup.

Story, (Gr.) Historia. Strain. String o.

Supremacy. Supremus; Supreme. Supremus.

Surface, sur for super.

acy.

Fades.

KEY.
Surfeit, sur for super. Factum. Surgeon, (Gr.) Cheir, Ergon. Surgery, (Gr.) Cheir, Ergon ; y. Surmise, sur for super. Alistuuii. Surmount, sur for super. Montis. Surplus, sur for super. Plus. Surprise, sur for super. Prehensum. Surrender, sur for super, ren. Do. Surreptitious, sur for sub. Raptum ; ous. Video. Survey, sur for super. Vivo. Survive, sur f'^r super. Susceptible, sus. Captum; ible. sus. Spectum. Suspect, Suspend, sus. Pendeo. Suspense, sus. Pensum. Suspension, sus. Pensum; ion. Suspicion, sus. Specio; ion. Sustain, sus. Teneo. Sustenance, sus. Teneo; ance. Sycamore, (Gr.) Sykon, Moron, a mul-

315
Tendo.

Tendril.

Tendo; ment. Tensum. Tenure. Teneo; ure. Terminate. Terminus; ate. Terraqueous. Terra, Aqua; ous. Terrestrial. Terra; al. (L. Terrestris,
Tense.
earthly.) Terrible. Terreo; ible. Terrific. Terreo, Facio. Terreo; fy. Terrify. Territory. Terra ; ory. (L. Territorium.) Terseness. Tersum; ness. Tessellate. (Gr.) Tessares; ate. Testament. Testis; ment. Testator. Testis; or.

Tenement.

Testimony. Tetrachord,

Testis; mony. Tetra, Chorde. (Gr.)

berry.

Sycophant,

(Gr.)

Syllable, (Gr.) syl.

Sykon, Phano. Labo.

Syllogism, (Gr.) syl.

Logos; ism.
Boleo ;
ic.

Symbolic, (Gr.) sym.

Tetragon, (Gr.) Tetra, Gonia. Tetrahedron, (Gr.) Tetra, Hedra. Tetrameter, (Gr.) Tetra, Metron. Tetrarch, (Gr.) Tetra, Arche. Text. Textum. Texture. Textum; ure. Theatre, (Gr.) Theatron.

Symmetry, (Gr.) sym. Metron; Sympathy, (Gr.) sym. Pathos; Symphony, (Gr.) sym. Phone; Symptoms, (Gr.) sym. Ptoma.

y.
y.
y.

Theism,

(Gr.)

Theos; ism.

Theme,

Thema. (Gr.) Theocracy, (Gr.) Theos, Kratos; y. Theology, (Gr.) Theos, Logos ; y.

Synagogue, (Gr.) syn. Agogeus. Synchronism, (Gr.) syn. Chronos; ism. Syncope, (Gr.) syn. Kope. Syndrome, (Gr.) syn. Dromos. Synecdoche, (Gr.) syn, ec. Dechomai. Synod, (Gr.) syn. Odos.
(Gr.) syn. Onyma; ous. Synopsis, (Gr.) syn. Opsis. Syntax, (Gr.) syn. Taxis. Synthesist, (Gr.) syn. Thesis; ist. Systematic, (Gr.) sy. Stasis; ic. Systole, (Gr.) sy. Stello.

Theomachy, (Gr.) Theos, Machomai; y Theorem, (Gr.) Theoros.

Theoretical, (Gr.) Theoros; ical. Theory, (Gr.) Theoros; y. Therapeutic, (Gr.) Therapeuro; ic.

Synonymous,

Thermal, (Gr.) Thermos; al. Thermometer, (Gr.) Thermos, Metron. Thermoscope, (Gr.) Thermos, Skopeo.
Thesis, (Gr.)
Thesis.
y.

Theurgy, (Gr.) Theos, Ergon; Throne, (Gr.) Thronos.

Thoracic. Timidity.
Tint.
Title.

Thorax, the breast

ic

Tabernacle. Taberna; Taciturn. Taciturn. Tact. Tactum.

cle.

Timeo; id, ity. Timid. Timeo; id. Timocracy, (Gr.) Time, Kratos;
Tinctum.
Titulus.

y.

Tactician, (Gr.) Taktos; ics, ian. Tactual. Tactum; al. Talent, (Gr.) Talanton. Tantamount. Tantus; a. Montis.

Tolerate.

Tolero;

ate.

Tomb. Tumba. Tome, (Gr.) Tomos.

Tone,
(Gr.)

Tautology, (Gr.)

Tautophony, (Gr.) Taxidermy, (Gr.)

Technical, (Gr.)

Tautos, Logos ; y. Tautos, Phone; y. Taxis, Derma; y. Taxis, (Gr.) Taxis. Technics, (Gr.) Techne; ics.

Tonos.
ical, ly.
y.

Tonic, (Gr.) Tonos; ic. Topically, (Gr.) Topos;

Techne;

ical.

Topography, (Gr.) Topos, Grapho ; Torment. Tortum; ment. Torpedo. Torpeo.

Torpid. Torpeo; id. Torrid. Torreo ; id. Tortuous. Tortum; ous. Torture. Tortum; ure.
Totality.

Technology,

(Gr.)

Techne, Logos; y.
ic.

Tectonic, (Gr.) Tekton; Tedious. Tasdium; ous.

Telegraphy, (Gr.)
Telescope, (Gr.)
Telestich, (Gr.)

Telos, Gh'apho; y. Telos, Skope. Telos, Stichos.

Totus ;

al, ity.

Tempero; ment. Temperature. Temperatum; ure. Temporal. Temporis; al. Temporary. Temporis; ary. Temporize. Temporis; ize. Temptation. Tentatum; ion. Tenable. Teneo; able. Tenacious. Teneo; acious. Tendency. Tendo; ency.

Temperament.

Toxicology, (Gr.) Toxikon, Logos; y. Toxophilite, (Gr.) Toxon, abow, Philos; ite. Tracheal, (Gr.) Tracheia; al. Tracheotomy, (Gr.) Tracheia, Tomos; y Trachea, (Gr.) Tracheia. Tract. Tractum.
Tractable. Tractum; able. Tradition. Traditum; ion. Tragedy, (Gr.) Tragos, Ode; godia; y.

y, (or)

Tra-

316

MANUAL OF ETYMOLOGY.
Ulterior.
Ultimus.

Tragi-comedy, (Gr.) Tragodia, Komos, Ode; y. Tragi-comic, (Gr.) Tragodia, Komos; ic. Traitor. Traditum; or. Tranquil. Tranquillus. Transact, trans. Actum. Transcend, trail. Scando.
Transcribe, trail. Scribo. Transfer, trans. Fcro. Transfiguration, trans. Figura; ion. (L.
Transfiguratio.) Transfix, trans. Fixum.

Ultimately.

Ultimus;

ate, ly.

Ultimatum. Ultimus. (L. Ultimatum.) Umbrage. Umbra; age. Umbrageous. Umbra; age, ous. Umbrella. Umbra. Unanimous. Unus, Animus ; ous. Unctuous. Unctum; ous. Undauntedly, un. Domo ; ed, ly. Undecagon, (Gr.) L. Unus. Deka, Gonia. Undulate. Unda; ate. (L. Undula, a
little wave.) Uniformity. Unus, Forma;
ity.

Transformation, trans. Forma; ion. Transgression, trans. Gressus; ion.

Transit, trans. Hum,. Transitory, trans. Hum ; ory. Translate, trans. Latum. Translucent, trans. Luceo; cut. Transmarine, trans. Mare; ine. Transmigration, trans. Migro; ate, ion. Transmit, trans. Mitto. Transmute, trans. Muto. Transparent, trans. Pareo; ent. Transplant, trans. Planto. Transport, trans. Porto. Transposing, trans. Positum; ing. Trapezium, (Gr.) Trapezion. Trapezoid, (Gr.) Trapezion, Eidos.

Unite. Unus. Unity. Unus; ity. Universal. Unus, Versum; al. Universe. Unus, Versum. Unprepared, un, pre. Paro; ed. Unrivalled, un. Rivus ; al, ed. Unsurpassed, un, sur, for super. sus; ed.

Pas-

Unsymmetrical,(Gr.)un,syrn.Mnm;z"caZ Uranography, (Gr.) Ouranos, Grapho ; y. Uranology, (Gr.) Ouranos, Logos; y. Usage. Usus; age.
Usually.

Usus
Utor.

al, ly.

Usurp.
Utensils.
Utility.

Usus. Rapio.

Versum. Traverse, tra. Treason. Trado. Treaty. Tractum; y.

Utor; He,

ity.

Tremendous. Tremo; ous. mendus.) Tremulous. Tremo; ous.

(L.

Tre-

Vacate. Vaco; ate. Vacation. Vaco; ate, ion.

Vacuum.
Vagabond.
Vagaries.

Vaco. Vagus.

(L.

Vagabundus.)

Triadelphous, (Gr.) Tria, Adelphos; ous. Triandrian, (Gr.) Tria, Andros; ian. Triangle. Tria, Angulus. Tributary. Tributum; ary. Tribute. Tributum. Trigon, (Gr.) Tria, Gonia. Trigonometry, (Gr.) Tria, Gonia, Metron;
y.

Vagus; ary. Vagrant. Vagus; ant. Vague. Vagus.

Trimeter, (Gr.)

Tria, Metron.

Triphthong, (Gr.) Tria, Phthegma. Tripod, (Gr.) Tria, Podos.

Trite.

Tritum. Triton, (Gr.) Tria, Tonos. Trivial. Tria, Via; al. Trochee, (Gr.) Trochaios. (Gr.) Tropos. Trope,

Vale, Dictum ; ory. Valedictory. Valiant. Valeo; ant. Valid. Valeo; id. Valor. Valeo; or. Valuable. Valeo; able. Value. Valeo. Vanquish. Vinco ; ish. Varioloid. (Gr.) Variola, Eidos. Vehement. Vehemens, violent. Vehicle. Veho; cle.

Veil.

Velo.

Trophy. (Gr.)
Tropical, (Gr.)

Tropos; y. Tropos; ical.

ble.

Trouble.

Turba;

Venal. Vendo; al. (L. Venus, sale.) Vender. Vendo; er. Vendue. Vendo. (Fr. Vendue, sold.) Vengeance. Vindex; ance. (Fr. Venger, to revenge.)
Ventilate.

Truck, (Gr.) Trochaios. Tubular. Tubus, a tube

Tuition.
Tuitus; ion.

Ventus;

ate.

ar.

Venture.

Ventum;

ure.

Tumid.

Tumeo; id. Tumult. Tumeo. Tune, (Gr.) Tonos. Turbulence. Turba;

Turret.

ence.

Turris;

et.

Typhoid, (Gr.) Typhos, Eidos. Typhus, (Gr.) Typhos. Typical, (Gr.) Typos; ical.
Typify.

Veracis; ity. Veracity. Verbal. Verbum; al. Verbatim. Verbum. Verbose. Verbum; ose. Verdict. Verus; dictum. Verge. Vergo. Verus; fy. Verify. Verus; ity, able. Veritable. Verus; ity. Verity.

Typos; fy.

Vermin.

Vermis.

(Gr.) Typos. Grapho; y. Tyrannical, (Gr.) Tyrannos ; ical. Tyrannicide, (Gr.) Tyrannos. L. Csedo. Tyrannize, (Gr.) Tyrannos; ize. Tyrant, (Gr.) Tyrannos.

Typography,

Versatility.

Versum ;

He, ity.

Version. Versum; ion. Vertex. Verio. (L. Vertex.)

Vertical. Verto; ical. Vestis. Vests.

KEY.
Vestige.
Vestigium.

317

Vesture. Vestis; ure. Veteran. Veteris; an. Vetoed. Veto; ed.

Vociferates. Voco, Fero ; ate. Vociferous. Voco, Fero; ous. Voice. Voco.
Volatile.

Vex.

Vehp. (L. Vexo, I harass.) Vieis. Vice-(president). Vicinus ; ity. Vicinity. Victim. Victum. (L.Victima, asacrilice.) Victor. Victum; or. Victum; ory. Victory. Victum. Victuals. View. Video.

Volatum; He. Volley. Volo. Voluble. Volvo; ble.

Volume.

Volvo.

Voluntary. Voluntas; ary. Volunteer. Voluntas; eer. Voluptuary. Voluptas; ary. Voluptuous. Voluptas; ous. Voracity. Voro; ity, (state of being voracious.)

Vigorous. Vigor; ous. Vindicate. Vindicis; ate, Vine. Vinum. Vinegar. Vinum, Acer. (Fr. Aigre, sour.) Vintage. Vinum; age. Violation. Violatum; ion. ent. Violent. Violo, I injure Virago. Vir. (L. Virago.)
;

Voracious. Voro; acious. Votary. Votum; ary. Vote. Votum.

Voyage. Via. Vulgarism. Vulgus;

Vulgarity.

ar, ism.
ity.

Vulgus ; ar,

Virtus. Virtue. Virulent. Virus; ulent. Visage. Visum; age.

Vulnerable. Vulneris; able. Vulture. Vultur. Vulturine. Vultur; ine.

(Gr.) Xylon, Balsamon. Xylography, (Gr.) Xylon, Grapho; y. Xylophagous, (Gr.) Xylon, Phago; ous.

Viscount.
Visible.

Vicis, Comitis.

Xylobalsamum,

Visum;

ible.

Vision. Visum; ion. Visionary. Visum; ion, ary.

Visitant. Visum; ant. Visum. Vista. Vital. Vivo; al. (L. Vita, life.) Vitrum; fy. Vitrify. Vitriol Vitrum.
'

Zeal, (Gr.) Zelos. Zealous, (Gr.) Zelos; ous. Zephyr, (Gr.) Zephyros.

Vivo; ity. Vivacity. Vivid. Vivo; id.

Zodiac, (Gr.) Zoon ; ac. Zone, (Gr.) Zone. Zoography, (Gr.) Zoon; Grapho,

y.

Vocabulary. Voco; ary. Vocal. Voco; al. Vocation. Vocatum; ion.

Zoolite, (Gr.) Zoon, Lithos. Zoological, (Gr.) Zoon, Logos; ical. Zoophyte, (Gr.) Zoon, Phyton. Zootomy, (Gr.) Zoon, Tomos; y.

27*

THE END.

=(8H*-

MODEL TEXT-BOOKS,
CHASE d STUART'S CLASSICAL SERIES.
COMPRISING

First Year in Latin,

A
Ccesar's

Latin Grammar, <A. Latin Reader,

Commentaries,

First Six Books of JEneid,

Virgil's JEneid,
Virgil's

Eclogues

and

Georgics,

Cicero's Select Orations,

Horace's Odes, Satires,

and

Epistles,

Sallust's Catiline et

Jugurtha, Cicero De Senectute, et de Amicitia,

Cornelius Nepos,
Cicero de Officiis,

Cicero's Select Letters,

Cicero's

Tusculan Disputations,
Juvenal,
Tacitus, Terence,

Cicero de Oratore,

Ovid,

Pliny,

Livy.

^
G\

SERIES OF TEXT-BOOKS
ON THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
By JOHN
S.

HART,
New

LL.D.,

Late Professor of Rhetoric and of the English Language in the

College of

Jersey.

The

Series comprises the following volumes

viz.

Language Lessons for Beginners, Elementary English Grammar, English Grammar and Analysis,
First Lessons in Composition,

Composition

and

Rhetoric.

Hart's Composition and Rhetoric is more generally in use throughout the country than any other work on the subject. Prof. Moses Coit Tyler says of it " In the transition from grammar to what may be called the mechanics of literary workmanship, we are obliged to insist upon a particular text-book Hart's Composition and Rhetoric' simply because that book is the only one as yet in the market which deals so fully and so well with the topics which we desire
:

'

to emphasize. "
Its Practical Character is one of its most valuable features. Rhetoric is an art as well as a science, and no text-book for the class-room is of much value which is not well furnished with " Examples for Practice." In this respect, this book is far ahead of any other work of the kind. Its

Adaptability

to all grades of schools is another feature

graded school, the academy, the female seminary, and in the higher institutions of
of value.
It is equally in place in the

learning.

The Thousands of Schools

of the country, in

of every grade, in all sections

which this book is being used, not only with Unless satisfaction, but with enthusiasm, testify to its merit. peculiarly meritorious, no book could possibly attain the widespread popularity which has been accorded to this manual.
2

Easy Lessons in Natural Philosophy.

For children.

By EDWIN

J.

HOUSTON, A. M.

Intermediate Lessons in Natural Philosophy.

By EDWIN
J.

HOUSTON, A. M.

Elements of Natural Philosophy.

For Schools and Academies.

By EDWIN

J.

HOUSTON, A. M.

Elements of Physical Geography.

By EDWIN
J.

NEW

EDITION.

HOUSTON, A. M.

Houston's New Physical Geography is the realization of what a text-book on this subject should be. It is a book that will gladden the hearts of teachers and pupils. It is concise, comprehensive, up to the times, and in every respect an ideal text-book. Great care has been taken to avoid the mistake, common to most books of its class, of crowding both text and maps with a
detail which simply confuse and bewilder As a working text-book for class-room use, Houston's New Physical Geography stands to-day at the head of the list of similar works, and is practically without a peer.

mass of technical
the pupil.

Christian Ethics

or,

The Science of the

Life of

Human

Duty.

A New Text-Book

on Moral Science. By Eev. D. S. GREGORY, D. D., Late President of Lake Forest University, Illinois.

Practical Logic ; or, The Art of Thinking-. By Eev. D. S. GREGORY, D. D.

Groesbeck's Practical Book-Keeping- Series.

By
Prof.

mercial College.

JOHN GROESBECK, Late Prin. of In Two Volumes viz.

:

the Crittenden Com-

COLLEGE EDITION, for Commercial Schools, Colleges, SCHOOL EDITION, for Schools and Academies.

etc.

An Elementary Alg-ebra.
Text-Book for Schools and Academies. By JOSEPH W. WILSON, A. M., Late Professor of Mathematics in the Philadelphia Central High School.

The

Crittenden Commercial Business Manual.

Arithmetic

and

Designed for the use of Teachers, Business Men, Academies, By Professor JOHN High Schools, and Commercial Colleges. GROESBECK, Late Prin. of Crittenden Commercial College.

Manual of Elocution and Reading

ville, Pa.

Founded on Philosophy of the Human Voice. By EDWARD BROOKS, Ph. D., Late Prin. of State Normal School, Millers3

...,

RETURN TO

the circulation desk of any University of California

'

Library

or to the

Thi

university of California

Richmond,

CA

94804-4698

DUE AS STAMPED BELOW