1. Which of the following statements is true regarding Data Definition Language (DDL)?

A) DDL is used to manipulate data in a database.

B) DDL is used to define the structure of the database.
C) DDL is used to retrieve data from a database.
D) DDL is used to perform calculations on data.
Answer: B) DDL is used to define the structure of the database.
2. Which DDL command is used to create a new table in a database?
3. A) CREATE TABLE
4. B) INSERT INTO
5. C) UPDATE TABLE
6. D) ALTER TABLE
Answer: A) CREATE TABLE
7. In SQL, which keyword is used to specify the data type of a column when creating a table?
8. A) TYPE
9. B) DATA_TYPE
10. C) DATATYPE
11. D) VARCHAR
Answer: D) VARCHAR
12. Which DDL command is used to modify the structure of an existing table in a database?
13. A) ALTER TABLE
14. B) UPDATE TABLE
15. C) MODIFY TABLE
16. D) CHANGE TABLE
Answer: A) ALTER TABLE
17. What does the RENAME TO command do in DDL?
18. A) Changes the name of a table
19. B) Adds a new column to a table
20. C) Deletes a table from the database
21. D) Modifies the data type of a column
Answer: A) Changes the name of a table
22. Which of the following statements defines a primary key in a SQL table creation statement?
23. A) PRIMARY
24. B) KEY
25. C) PRIMARY KEY
26. D) CONSTRAINT
Answer: C) PRIMARY KEY
27. What is the purpose of the DROP TABLE command in DDL?
28. A) To add a new table to the database
29. B) To modify the structure of an existing table
30. C) To delete an existing table from the database
31. D) To rename an existing table
Answer: C) To delete an existing table from the database
32. Which command is used to add a new column to an existing table in SQL?
33. A) ADD COLUMN
34. B) ALTER COLUMN
35. C) CREATE COLUMN
36. D) INSERT COLUMN
Answer: A) ADD COLUMN
37. What is the purpose of the CONSTRAINT keyword in SQL DDL?
38. A) To define the data type of a column
39. B) To specify a condition that must be met for data to be entered into a column
40. C) To enforce referential integrity between tables
41. D) To specify the name of a table
Answer: B) To specify a condition that must be met for data to be entered into a column
42. Which of the following is not a valid data type in SQL?
43. A) BOOLEAN
44. B) INTEGER
45. C) FLOAT
46. D) CHARACTER
Answer: A) BOOLEAN
47. What does the PRIMARY KEY constraint enforce in SQL?
48. A) Ensures that all values in a column are unique
49. B) Restricts the values that can be entered into a column
50. C) Specifies a default value for a column
51. D) Determines the order of the rows in a table
Answer: A) Ensures that all values in a column are unique
52. Which command is used to delete a column from an existing table in SQL?
53. A) DELETE COLUMN
54. B) DROP COLUMN
55. C) REMOVE COLUMN
56. D) ERASE COLUMN
Answer: B) DROP COLUMN
57. What does the CASCADE keyword do when used with the DROP TABLE command?
58. A) Deletes all data in the table
59. B) Deletes the table and all related tables
60. C) Renames the table
61. D) Adds a new column to the table
Answer: B) Deletes the table and all related tables
62. Which DDL command is used to add a constraint to an existing table in SQL?
63. A) ADD CONSTRAINT
64. B) CREATE CONSTRAINT
65. C) DEFINE CONSTRAINT
66. D) SET CONSTRAINT
Answer: A) ADD CONSTRAINT
67. Which of the following statements about DDL is true?
68. A) DDL commands cannot be rolled back once executed.
69. B) DDL is primarily used to query data from a database.
70. C) DDL is used to manipulate data stored in a database.
71. D) DDL commands are not case-sensitive.
Answer: A) DDL commands cannot be rolled back once executed.
1. What is the primary purpose of Data Manipulation Language (DML)?
2. A) To define the structure of a database.
3. B) To retrieve data from a database.
4. C) To manipulate data stored in a database.
5. D) To manage user access to a database.
Answer: C) To manipulate data stored in a database.
6. Which DML command is used to retrieve data from a database table?
7. A) SELECT
8. B) INSERT
9. C) UPDATE
10. D) DELETE
Answer: A) SELECT
11. What does the INSERT INTO command do in DML?
12. A) Updates existing records in a table.
13. B) Deletes records from a table.
14. C) Inserts new records into a table.
15. D) Modifies the structure of a table.
Answer: C) Inserts new records into a table.
16. Which command is used to modify existing data in a database table?
17. A) INSERT
18. B) DELETE
19. C) UPDATE
20. D) ALTER
Answer: C) UPDATE
21. What is the purpose of the DELETE FROM command in DML?
22. A) To insert new records into a table.
23. B) To modify existing records in a table.
24. C) To delete specific records from a table.
25. D) To retrieve data from a table.
Answer: C) To delete specific records from a table.
26. Which keyword is used to specify the condition for selecting records in a SELECT statement?
27. A) WHERE
28. B) FROM
29. C) SELECT
30. D) HAVING
Answer: A) WHERE
31. What does the TRUNCATE TABLE command do in DML?
32. A) Deletes all records from a table.
33. B) Deletes the table structure.
34. C) Updates existing records in a table.
35. D) Inserts new records into a table.
Answer: A) Deletes all records from a table.
36. Which command is used to remove a table's structure along with all its data?
37. A) DELETE
38. B) TRUNCATE TABLE
39. C) DROP TABLE
40. D) REMOVE TABLE
Answer: C) DROP TABLE
41. What does the JOIN clause do in a SELECT statement?
42. A) Combines data from multiple tables based on a related column.
43. B) Filters data based on specified conditions.
44. C) Orders the result set in ascending or descending order.
45. D) Groups rows that have the same values into summary rows.
Answer: A) Combines data from multiple tables based on a related column.
46. Which DML command is used to retrieve distinct records from a table?
47. A) SELECT DISTINCT
48. B) SELECT UNIQUE
49. C) SELECT ALL
50. D) SELECT DIFFERENT
Answer: A) SELECT DISTINCT
51. What does the ORDER BY clause do in a SELECT statement?
52. A) Groups rows that have the same values into summary rows.
53. B) Filters data based on specified conditions.
54. C) Specifies the columns by which the result set should be sorted.
55. D) Combines data from multiple tables based on a related column.
Answer: C) Specifies the columns by which the result set should be sorted.
56. Which DML command is used to add a new record to a database table?
57. A) ADD
58. B) INSERT
59. C) CREATE
60. D) UPDATE
Answer: B) INSERT
61. What is the purpose of the DISTINCT keyword in a SELECT statement?
62. A) To specify the columns to be included in the result set.
63. B) To filter data based on specified conditions.
64. C) To retrieve unique values from a column.
65. D) To sort the result set in ascending or descending order.
Answer: C) To retrieve unique values from a column.
66. Which keyword is used to specify the columns to be included in the result set of a SELECT statement?
67. A) SELECT
68. B) FROM
69. C) WHERE
70. D) GROUP BY
Answer: A) SELECT
71. What does the HAVING clause do in a SELECT statement?
72. A) Filters data based on specified conditions.
73. B) Specifies the columns by which the result set should be sorted.
74. C) Groups rows that have the same values into summary rows.
75. D) Filters grouped records based on specified conditions.
Answer: D) Filters grouped records based on specified conditions.
 What is the primary purpose of Data Control Language (DCL)?
A) To define the structure of a database.
B) To manipulate data stored in a database.
C) To control access to data in a database.
D) To retrieve data from a database.
Answer: C) To control access to data in a database.
1. Which DCL command is used to grant permissions to a user in a database?
2. A) GRANT
3. B) ALLOW
4. C) ACCESS
5. D) PERMIT
Answer: A) GRANT
6. What does the REVOKE command do in DCL?
7. A) Grants permissions to a user.
8. B) Removes permissions from a user.
9. C) Creates a new user account.
10. D) Changes the password of a user.
Answer: B) Removes permissions from a user.
11. Which keyword is used to specify the privileges to be granted or revoked in a GRANT or REVOKE statement?
12. A) TO
13. B) ON
14. C) WITH
15. D) FOR
Answer: B) ON
16. What does the keyword ALL represent in a GRANT or REVOKE statement?
17. A) All privileges on all tables in the database.
18. B) All privileges on a specific table.
19. C) All users in the database.
20. D) All databases on the server.
Answer: A) All privileges on all tables in the database.
21. Which DCL command is used to create a new user account in a database?
22. A) CREATE USER
23. B) ADD USER
24. C) REGISTER USER
25. D) MAKE USER
Answer: A) CREATE USER
26. What is the purpose of the WITH GRANT OPTION clause in a GRANT statement?
27. A) It specifies the privileges to be granted.
28. B) It allows the user to grant the same privileges to other users.
29. C) It specifies the database objects on which the privileges apply.
30. D) It specifies the users to whom the privileges are granted.
Answer: B) It allows the user to grant the same privileges to other users.
31. Which DCL command is used to remove a user account from a database?
32. A) DELETE USER
33. B) REMOVE USER
34. C) DROP USER
35. D) REVOKE USER
Answer: C) DROP USER
36. What does the GRANT OPTION FOR clause allow in a GRANT statement?
37. A) It allows the user to grant the same privileges to other users.
38. B) It specifies the privileges to be granted.
39. C) It specifies the database objects on which the privileges apply.
40. D) It specifies the users to whom the privileges are granted.
Answer: A) It allows the user to grant the same privileges to other users.
41. Which keyword is used to specify the users or roles to whom permissions are granted or revoked in a GRANT or REVOKE statement?
42. A) TO
43. B) FOR
44. C) WITH
45. D) BY
Answer: A) TO
46. What does the keyword PUBLIC represent in a GRANT or REVOKE statement?
47. A) All privileges on all tables in the database.
48. B) All users in the database.
49. C) All privileges on a specific table.
50. D) All databases on the server.
Answer: B) All users in the database.
51. Which DCL command is used to change the privileges granted to a user in a database?
52. A) MODIFY
53. B) CHANGE PERMISSIONS
54. C) ALTER USER
55. D) REVOKE
Answer: D) REVOKE
56. What does the keyword CASCADE do in a REVOKE statement?
57. A) Removes the user's permissions.
58. B) Revokes the permissions from all users.
59. C) Revokes the permissions from the specified user and all users to whom they granted permissions.
60. D) Revokes the permissions and drops the user account.
Answer: C) Revokes the permissions from the specified user and all users to whom they granted permissions.
61. Which DCL command is used to grant privileges to a role in a database?
62. A) GRANT ROLE
63. B) ASSIGN ROLE
64. C) CREATE ROLE
65. D) ADD ROLE
Answer: C) CREATE ROLE
66. What does the IDENTIFIED BY clause do in a CREATE USER statement?
67. A) Specifies the privileges to be granted to the user.
68. B) Specifies the database objects on which the privileges apply.
69. C) Specifies the users or roles to whom permissions are granted or revoked.
70. D) Specifies the password for the user account.
Answer: D) Specifies the password for the user account.