Unit #11 - Integration by Parts, Average of a Function

Some problems and solutions selected or adapted from Hughes-Hallett Calculus.

Integration by Parts
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1. For each of the following integrals, indicate whether 12. (ln t)2 dt
integration by substitution or integration by parts is
more appropriate. Do not evaluate the integrals. Z
Z 13. t2 e5t dt
(a) x sin(x) dx Z p
14. y y + 3 dy
x2
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(b) dx
1 + x3 √
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Z 15. (t + 2) 2 + 3t dt
2
(c) xex dx Z
Z 16. (p + 1) sin(p + 1) dp
(d) x2 cos(x3 ) dx
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z
17. dz
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1
(e) √ dx ez
3x + 1 Z
Z ln x
18. dx
(f) x2 sin x dx x2
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Z y
(g) ln x dx 19. √ dy
5−y
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t+7
To practice computing integrals by parts, do as many 20. √ dt
of the problems from this section as you feel you need. 5−t
The problems trend from simple to the more complex.
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21. x(ln x)2 dx
For Questions #2 to #25, evaluate the integral.
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2. t sin t dt 22. arcsin(w) dw

Z Z
3. te 5t
dt 23. arctan(7x) dx
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x arctan(x2 ) dx
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−0.1p 24.
4. pe dp
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2
x3 ex dx
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25.
5. (z + 1)e2z dz
Z 5
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26. ln t dt
6. ln x dx 1

Z Z 5

7. y ln y dy 27. x cos x dx
3
Z Z 10

8. 3
x ln x dx 28. ze−z dz
0
Z Z 3
9. 5
q ln(5q) dq 29. t ln(t) dt
1
Z Z 1
2 30. arctan(y) dy
10. t sin t dt
0
Z Z 5
2
11. x cos(3x) dx 31. ln(1 + t) dt
0

1
 Z 1
39. The concentration, C, in ng/ml, of a drug in the blood
32. arcsin z dz
0 as a function of the time, t, in hours since the drug was
Z 1
administered is given by
33. x arcsin(x2 ) dx
0 C = 15te−0.2t .
34. Find the area under the curve y = te−t on the interval The area under the concentration curve is a measure
0 ≤ t ≤ 2. of the overall effect of the drug on the body, called
the bioavailability. Find the bioavailability of the drug
35. Find the area under the curve f (z) = arctan z on the
between t = 0 and t = 3.
interval [0, 2].
Z 40. During a surge in the demand for electricity, the rate,
36. Use integration by parts twice to find ex sin(x) dx. r, at which energy is used (in megawatts) can be ap-
proximated by
r = te−at
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37. Use integration by parts twice to find ey cos(y) dy.
where t is the time in hours and a is a positive constant.
38. Use integration by parts to show that
Z Z (a) Find the total energy, E, in megawatt hours used
1 n in the first T hours. Give your answer as a function
xn cos(ax) dx = xn sin(ax) − xn−1 sin(ax) dx
a a of a.
(b) What happens to E as T → ∞?

Average Value
Z 6 f (x)
41. (a) Using the graph shown below, find f (x) dx. 4
1
f (x) 3

3 2
1
2
x
1 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1
0 x −2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
−3
−4

(b) What is the average value of f on [1, 6]? 43. (a) Using the graphs of f (x) and g(x) shown below,
find the average value on 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 of
(i) f (x) (ii) g(x) (iii) f (x) · g(x)

f (x) g(x)
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1 1
42. (a) Using the graph below, estimate f (x) dx.
−3
0 x0 x
0 1 2 0 1 2
(b) Which of the following average values of f (x) is (b) Is the statement that
larger?
“Average(f ) · Average(g) = Average(f · g)”
(i) Between x = −3 and x = 3, or
(ii) Between x = 0 and x = 3? true or not? Explain your answer.

2
44. For the function f below, write an expression involving I. 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 II. 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
one or more definite integrals of the original f (x) which III. 0 ≤ x ≤ 5 IV. −2 ≤ x ≤ 2
would denote:
(a) For which interval is the average value of f least?
(a) The average value of f (x) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 5. (b) For which interval is the average value of f great-
(b) The average value of |f (x)| for 0 ≤ x ≤ 5. est?
(c) For which pair of intervals are the average values
f (x) equal?

46. (a) Without computing any integrals, explain why the

average value of f (x) = sin x on [0, π] must be be-
x
tween 0.5 and 1.
1 2 3 4 5 (b) Compute the exact average of sin x on [0, π].
√
47. (a) What is the average value of f (x) = 1 − x2 over
the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 1? (Hint: we don’t have the
integration tools to evaluate the integral of f (x)
from first principles, but f (x) describes the graph
45. This question is based on the same function f of a common geometric shape whose area we al-
in the previous question, and the additional fact ready know.)
that f (x) is an even function. Consider the (b) How can you tell whether this average value is more
average value of f over the following intervals: or less than 0.5 without doing any calculations?