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Lab 06

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Lab 06

Uploaded by

ramiyer64851
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT NO.

06
“Introduction to Basics of Networking”
Objective:
By the end of this session, you will understand:
1. The basics of networking concepts.
2. Key hardware components and their functions.
3. Basic setup and troubleshooting.

1. What is Networking?......
Networking is the practice of connecting computers and devices to share resources and information.
 LAN (Local Area Network): A network in a small area, like a lab or office.
 WAN (Wide Area Network): Connects larger areas, like cities or countries (e.g., the Internet).
 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Connects networks within a city or metropolitan area,
often bridging LANs and WANs.
Key Idea: Networking makes communication and resource sharing efficient.

2. Networking Components:
 Cables: Ethernet cable (RJ45): The most common cable for wired connections, used to
physically connect devices.
 Switch: A device that connects multiple devices in a network and directs traffic to the correct
device.
 Router: Connects different networks (e.g., a LAN to the Internet) and assigns IP addresses to
devices.
 Network Interface Card (NIC): A hardware component that enables a computer to connect
to a network.
 IP Address: A unique identifier for a device in a network.

3. Setting Up a Basic Network


Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Connect Devices: Use Ethernet cables to connect computers to a switch or router.
2. Assign IP Addresses: Use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) to automatically
assign IPs, or configure manually.
3. Test Connectivity: Use the `ping` command in the terminal or Command Prompt to check
connections.
4. Access Shared Resources: Share folders or printers and test access between computers.

4. Lab Exercises:
Hands-On Tasks:
1. Identifying Components: Label and describe the function of cables, NICs, routers, and
switches in the lab.
2. Setting Up a Peer-to-Peer Network:
a. Connect two computers using a crossover Ethernet cable.
b. Configure static IP addresses and verify connectivity.
3. Testing Connections: Use the `ping` command to test device-to-device communication.
4. Simulating a MAN Setup:
a. Connect multiple LANs using a router or simulation tool to mimic a MAN.
b. Verify inter-LAN communication.
5. Troubleshooting: Simulate a network issue (e.g., disconnect a cable) and identify the problem.

5. Key Commands to Learn:


 `ping <IP_address>` – Test connectivity between devices.
 `ipconfig` (Windows) / `ifconfig` (Linux) – View network configurations.
 `tracert <domain>` – Trace the route of data packets.
 `netstat` – Display active network connections.

6. Conclusion:
Understanding MAN alongside LAN and WAN gives a broader perspective of networking
systems in different scopes.

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