Parel, Mumbai 400012 AY : 2024-25 GRADE : X SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) CHAPTER : 01
I) MCQ’s 1. Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilized __________. a) Renewable b) Developed c) National d) Potential Ans. Potential 2. In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found? a) Jammu and Kashmir b) Maharashtra c) Rajasthan d) Jharkhand Ans. Maharashtra
3. In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced?
a) Punjab b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh c) Haryana d) Uttarakhand Ans. Uttarakhand
4. Assertion (A): Resources are free gifts of nature.
Reason (R): Resources like soil, water, and air are easily available in nature. Ans. Both (A) and (R) are wrong/false.
5. Soil is formed by the process of __________.
a) Denudation b) Gradation c) Weathering d) Erosion Ans. Weathering
6. Red soils are found in Thar desert.
a) True b) False Ans. False
7. Which of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
a) Intensive Cultivation b) Deforestation c) Over irrigation d) Overgrazing Ans. Over irrigation
8. Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?
a) Renewable b) Biotic c) Flow d) Non-renewable Ans. Non-renewable
9. ‘There is enough for everybody’s need but not for anybody’s greed”. Who said this? a) Jawahar Lal Nehru b) Aral Bihari Vajpai c) M.K. Gandhi d) Sunder Lal Bahuguna Ans. M. K. Gandhi
1 10. Which one of the following statements is true of the term ‘resources’? a) Resources are free gifts of nature. b) They are the functions of human activities. c) All these things which are found in nature. d) Things which cannot be used to fulfill our needs. Ans. They are the functions of human activities.
II) Very Short Answer Type Questions.
1. What does the process of transformation of things in nature involve? Ans. The process of transformation of things in nature involves an interactive between nature, technology and institutions by human beings. 2. How does over irrigation lead to land degradation? Ans. Over irrigation leads to water logging that increases salinity and alkalinity in the soil that results in land degradation. 3. What does land as a natural resource support? Ans. Land as a natural resource supports – natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, economic activities and transport and communication system. 4. What does the wasteland include? Ans. Wastelands includes rocky, acid areas and desert land put to non-agricultural uses like settlements roads, railways, industries, etc. 5. Where does the laterite soil develop? Ans. Laterite soil develops under tropical and subtropical climate with alternate wet and dry season. 6. What is the full form of UNCED? Ans. (HOMEWORK) 7. Give two characteristics of alluvial soil. Ans. Two main characteristics of alluvial soil are – (i) Alluvial soil is the most widespread soil in India. (ii) It is made by deposits brought down by the rivers year after year and are very fertile. They are very suitable for cultivation. III) Short Answer Type Questions. 1. India has a wide variety of relief features, which are the most important resources. Justify the statement. Ans. India has a wide variety of relief features which includes mountains plains plateaus. (i) plain land area is about 43% of the land area which provide facilities for agriculture industry. (ii) Mountains account for 30% of the land area which provides facilities for tourism ecological aspects .It also ensures perennial flow of some rivers. (iii) About 27% of the plateau region is considered as a storehouse for minerals.
2 2. Explain the three stages of Resource Planning in India. Ans. Three stages of Resource Planning in India are as follows – (i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of resources. (ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans. (iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.
3. ‘In India, some regions are rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources.’ Do you agree with the statement? Support your answer with any three examples. Ans. (HOMEWORK) 4. ‘India’s vast and diverse size is the most important resource.’ Support the statement. Ans. India has land under a variety of relief features such as plains, plateaus, mountains and islands. About 43 per cent of land areas is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry. Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area of the country and ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects. About 27 per cent of the area is the plateau region. It possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests. 5. Distinguish between Renewable and Non-Renewable Ans. Renewable Resources Non-renewable resources (a) These resources have the ability to renew (a) These resources can’t be renewed after themselves in a given period of time. exhaustion. (b) These inexhaustible replenishable (b) These are exhaustible or non- resources. replenishable resources. (c) They don’t require substitutes (c) they require substitutes or conservation. conservation, forest, water, etc. Example: Iron, coal, etc.
IV) Answer in brief.
1. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of ownership. Or Explain what is meant by national resources and individual resources. Ans. (i) Individual Resources: Resources which are owned by private individuals are known as individual resources. Plots, fields, houses, cars, books, etc., are some examples of individual resources. (ii) Community Owned Resources: The resources which are accessible .to all the members of the community are known as community resources. Village ponds, public parks, playgrounds, etc., are some examples of community resources. (iii) National Resources: All the resources which are under the control of state or union government are known as national resources. All the resources within political boundaries are national resources because the government has the power to acquire even the private properties. (iv) International Resources: These resources are owned and regulated by international institutions. The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to
3 the open ocean, and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions. India has got the right to mine manganese nodules from the bed of the Indian Ocean from that area which lies beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone.
2. What is soil erosion? Explain the major types of soil erosions prevailing in India. Ans. “Soil erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature like wind and water, more rapidly than the various soil forming processes can replace it.” Generally, there is a balance between the soil forming process and the erosional process. The balance can be disturbed by natural or human factors. Types of Soil Erosion : (a) Water Erosion : Water is a powerful agent of soil erosion. Following are the major types of erosion caused by water. (i) Sheet Erosion : When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by the running water, it is called as sheet erosion. (ii) Rill Erosion : This is the second stage of sheet erosion. If erosion continues unchecked for a sufficient time, (rills) or small finger-shaped grooves which are a few centimetres in depth, may develop on the landscape. Over a period of time, the fine rills increase in number and also become deeper and wider, and resemble the twigs, branches and trunk of a tree. This is called as rill erosion. (iii) Gully Erosion : This is the third stage of sheet erosion. With further erosion of the soil, the rills may deepen and become enlarged, and are ultimately turned into gullies. The main cause of gully erosion is the removal of vegetation, particularly of trees with their widespread binding roots. Gullies cut up agricultural land and the entire area may be turned into a bad land topography. Gully erosion is also responsible for the formation of ravines. (b) Wind Erosion : Wind is a powerful agent of erosion in arid and semi-arid lands with little rainfall. Wind can lift the valuable top soil from one area and deposits in another area. The wind erosion is very dangerous type of erosion because due to wind most of the deserts of the world are expanding.
3. The future generation may not have sufficient resources as compared to the present generation”. Justify the statement by giving suitable examples. Or Why is the issue of sustainability relevant for development? Ans. Present sources of energy in India are coal, petroleum, natural gas, solar energy, wind energy, hydel power, electricity, wood for fire, cow dung etc. Most of these are non-renewable sources of energy which may get exhausted after some time. These are available in limited quantities. The present rate of consumption is higher than the rate at which these resources are being replenished and should be preserved for our future generations.
In fifty years’ time, India may depend largely on non-conventional sources of energy which are available in abundance such as solar energy, hydel energy, wind energy etc. The total hydel power potential in India is estimated at 1,50,000 MW of which only one-sixth has been developed so far.
1. Development of a country needs to be continuous. Every country would like to have the level of development go up further.
4 2. Many scientists have warned that the present levels of development cannot be sustained for the future as the present rate of consumption of both renewable and non-renewable resources is very high. Rapid industrialisation has led to environment degradation. 3. Sustainability development aims at development without damaging the environment and at the same time conserving for the future. 4. Sustainability of development is essential not only for the present generation but also for future generations to ensure a good life.
Case Based Questions
Read the passage below and answer the following questions:
Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources. It has importance in a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources. There are some regions which can be considered self-sufficient in terms of the availability of resources and there are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources.
(i) Which state has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development? Ans. Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.
(ii) In spite of very rich cultural heritage, in which resources Ladakh is deficient? Ans. In spite of very rich cultural heritage, Ladakh is deficient in resources like water, infrastructure and in some vital minerals.
(iii) At which level there is a need of balanced resource planning as India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources? Ans. At the national level, state level, regional and local levels.
(iv) From which five Plan India has made concerted efforts for achieving the goals of resource planning? Ans. From First Five Year Plan India has made concerted efforts for achieving the goals of resource planning.
