Reviewer for Lenses

REVIEWER FOR LENSES
Lenses: Made of transparent material like glass. Light refract (bend) when passing
through it.
TWO TYPES OF LENSES:
• Convex: Convex lens converges parallel light rays into a focus.
• Concave: Concave lens diverges parallel light rays.
Sum it up!
There are two types of lenses – convex lens and concave lens. Convex lens
converges all light rays into a single point called focus. The size and orientation of
images formed here vary depending on the distance of the object. When the object is
near, the image has enlarged size and upright orientation. When the object is far, the
image has reduced size and inverted orientation.
Concave lens diverges all refracted light rays away from focus. The images form
here are always smaller in size than the object and an orientation that is always
upright regardless of the distance of object from the concave lens.
Convex vs Concave
Convex Lens Concave Lens
• Shape: Thick center and thin • Shape: Thin center and thick
edges. edges.
• Light Behavior: Converges • Light Behavior: Diverges parallel
parallel light rays to a focus. light rays away from a focal point.
• Focal Point: Virtual focal point
• Focal Point: Real focal point
where diverged rays appear to
where converged rays meet.
originate.
• Image Formation: Can produce • Image Formation: Always
real and inverted images or virtual produces virtual, upright, and
and upright images depending on smaller images regardless of
object position. object position.
• Uses: Magnifying glasses,
• Uses: Corrective lenses for
cameras, corrective lenses for
nearsightedness, peepholes, and
farsightedness, projectors, and in
certain types of telescopes.
eyeglasses.
VOCABULARY:
1. Refraction
• Bending of light rays whenever they pass through one medium to another
medium with a different density.
2. Incident rays
• These are rays of light that comes from an object or a light source that is
travelling towards the lens.
3. Refracted rays
• These are light rays that are travelling away from the lens after refraction.
4. Ray Diagram
• in lenses is a graphical representation used to show the path of light rays as
they pass through a lens, illustrating how the lens forms an image.
Parts of the Lens
• The center of the lens is known as Vertex (v).
• Imaginary horizontal line that intersects the center of the lens is called Principal
Axis.
• The point where all refracted rays or its extension converge is known as Focus
(f).
• The surfaces of a lens is made of portions of two imaginary circles. The center of
these circles in which the lens is part of are known as 2f or Center of Curvature
(C).
• The distance between the vertex and focus is known as focal length.
• The distance between the vertex and C is known as Radius of Curvature.
THREE Principal Rays in Lenses:
How do light rays behave when interacting with the parts of the lens?
1. Any incident ray that is parallel to principal axis (P) always refract towards the real
focus (f). Hence, we have the first principal ray called P-F ray.
2. Any incident ray that intersects the focus (f) always refract parallel to principal axis
(P). Hence, we have the second principal ray called F-P ray.
3. Any incident ray intersecting the pole or vertex (v) does not bend or refract and
follows same straight path upon leaving the lens. Hence, we have the 3rd principal ray
called V ray.
Differences in Image Properties:

• Convex Lens:
o Object at infinity: Image formed at the focal point, real, inverted, and
highly diminished.
o Object beyond 2F: Image formed between F and 2F, real, inverted, and
diminished.
o Object at 2F: Image formed at 2F, real, inverted, and same size.
o Object between F and 2F: Image formed beyond 2F, real, inverted, and
enlarged.
o Object at F: Image formed at infinity (no image).
o Object between F and lens: Image formed on the same side as the
object, virtual, upright, and enlarged.
• Concave Lens:
o For all object positions: Image is always virtual, upright, and smaller
than the object, located on the same side as the object.

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Reviewer for Lenses

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REVIEWER FOR LENSES

THREE Principal Rays in Lenses:

Differences in Image Properties:

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