MODERN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTATION ON
FACTORS FOR SITE SELECTION OF STEAM POWER PLANT

PRESENTED BY

• NAME :MRINMOY PARAMANIK

• DEPARTMENT : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
• ROLL NO : 26901622009
• DIVISION : B.TECH
• YEAR : 3RD
• SEMESTER : 5TH
✓ WHAT IS STEAM POWER STATION

✓ STEAM POWER STATION DIAGRAM

✓ ADVANTAGE OF STEAM POWER STATION

✓ DISADVANTAGE OF STEAM POWER STATION

✓ THE EFFICIENCY OF STEAM POWER STATION

✓ MAIN COMPONENT OF STEAM POWER PLANT

✓ THE WORKING SYSTEM OF THE STEAM POWER STATION

A steam power plant consists of a boiler, steam turbine and
generator, and other auxiliaries. The boiler generates steam at high
pressure and high temperature. The steam turbine converts the
heat energy of steam into mechanical energy. The generator then
converts the mechanical energy into electric power.
Our highly efficient and environmental friendly power plants will
contribute to the stable supply of electrical power and reduction of
environmental impact.
What is Steam Power Station
A steam power station, also known as a coal-fired power plant, harnesses the heat energy
generated from burning coal to produce a significant amount of electrical energy. These types
of power stations are widely utilized across the globe due to the abundant availability of coal,
which enables them to generate electricity on a large scale.

Steam Power Station Diagram

In most countries, steam power plants are commonly utilized as baseload power plants due to their reliable
and consistent electricity generation capacity. These power plants operate by producing steam through the
combustion of fossil fuels or nuclear reactions, which in turn drives turbines connected to generators to
produce electricity. The process of starting and stopping steam power plants can be time-consuming and
requires careful management.

Due to their heavy and intricate infrastructure, steam power plants are not suitable for catering to frequent and
short-term peak loads. High-volume keyword demands from rapid and substantial increases in electricity
consumption, such as during periods of extreme weather conditions or when there is a surge in industrial
activity, cannot be efficiently met by steam power plants alone. Meeting such demand requires power plants
that are capable of quick and flexible responses.

To address these high-volume demands, countries often rely on a mix of power generation sources. Alongside
baseload steam power plants, they incorporate other types of power plants like natural gas-fired plants,
hydroelectric plants, and renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. These additional sources offer
faster startup times, enabling them to swiftly respond to sudden spikes in electricity consumption.

By diversifying the energy mix and incorporating power plants designed to handle high-volume keyword
requirements, countries can ensure a more resilient and stable power grid. This approach allows for efficient
and sustainable electricity generation while effectively addressing both the consistent demands of baseload
power and the intermittent demands of peak load situations.
Factors to Determine the Site of Steam Power Station
Steam-powered power stations keep on working very close to full efficiency for 24 hours a
day. Power Plants have a standard life of 30 to 40 years. The following is a record of factors that
affect the selection of a site for building a Steam power station.
Supply of fuel:
Steam power stations are a major source of electricity generation in many countries. They use coal,
oil, or natural gas to heat water to produce steam, which drives a turbin generate electricity. The
amount of fuel required by a steam power station varies depending on its size and efficiency, but
it can be significant. For example, a large coal-fired power plant may consume up to 10,000 tons of
coal per day.
The high volume of fuel required by steam power stations means that it is important to locate
them close to sources of fuel. This helps to reduce the transportation costs of fuel, which can be a
significant expense. In some cases, steam power stations may be located near coal mines, which
can provide a reliable and cost-effective source of fuel.
The use of coal and oil as fuel for steam power stations has a number of environmental impacts.
These include air pollution, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Air pollution from
coal-fired power plants can cause a variety of health problems, including respiratory illnesses,
heart disease, and cancer. Water pollution from coal-fired power plants can damage aquatic
ecosystems and contaminate drinking water supplies. Greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired
power plants contribute to climate change.
There are a number of ways to reduce the environmental impacts of steam power stations. One way
is to use cleaner fuels, such as natural gas or renewable energy sources. Another way is to improve
the efficiency of steam power stations. This can be done by using newer technologies, such as
combined cycle power plants.
Steam power stations are a major source of electricity generation, but they also have a number of
environmental impacts. It is important to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of steam power stations
when considering their use.
The steam power plant should be placed near the coal mines so that the transport cost of fuel is at the
lowest. However, if such a plant is to be established at a place where coal is not available, you need to
make sure the fuel station is nearby.

Nature of land and its price:

The chosen site should have a high bearing capability of at least 10 N/sq mm to withstand the dead
weight of the plant. It would lessen the cost of the base of the plant.

Availability of water:
The station must be positioned near a river bank or canal for constant water supply. The steam power
plant utilizes water as a working solution throughout the year, which is regularly evaporated and
condensed. It also wants about 2% of the steam produced as makeup water due to its loss.
Transportation facilities:
The station must be well attached to important transport routes eg Rail or Road. A new steam power
plant often needs the transportation of material and machinery. Therefore, sufficient transportation
facilities must exist i.e. the plant should be well attached to other parts of the land by rail, or road. etc.
Cost & type of land:
The land must have a great bearing capacity for heavy machinery and yet be affordable enough to
purchase. The steam power plant should be located at a point where the property is cheap and
further expansion if needed, is possible. Furthermore, the carriage capacity of the area should be
enough so that heavy machinery could be installed.
Distance from populated areas:
The station must be established as far away from populated areas as possible due to air
contamination.
Nearness to load centers:
In order to decrease the transmission cost, the plant should be placed near load centers. The location
of the factory at the center of loads lessens the cost of transmission channels and the losses occurring
in it.
Advantages of Steam Power Station
•It needs low initial investment and less time to commission the plant.
•The cost of the Steam power plant is lower than several power plants.
Disadvantages of Steam Power Plant
•The life and effectiveness of the steam power plant are more concise when compared to Hydel power
plant.
•Transport of fuel is a major problem.
•The cost of power generation is higher than hydropower.
•Air pollution is a major difficulty.
•Coal may be depleted by gradual use.
The Efficiency of Steam Power Stations:
The overall efficiency of the steam power station is very average (about 29%) mainly due to two
reasons. First, a large amount of heat is lost in the condenser and secondly, heat losses happen at
different stages of the plant. The heat loss in the condenser cannot be withdrawn. It is because heat
energy cannot be transformed into mechanical energy without temperature difference.
The greater the temperature variation, the greater the heat energy transformed into mechanical energy.
This requires the steam in the condenser at the most moderate temperature. But we know that the
higher the temperature difference, the greater is the value of heat loss. This demonstrates the average
efficiency of such plants.
Main Component of Steam Power Plant
Steam Boiler

Boilers for Steam Power Plants

The boiler has the capacity to convert water into steam. The process of change of water to vapor is produced
by heating the water in the tubes with energy from burning fuel. The combustion process is carried out
continuously in the combustion room with fuel and airflow from the surface.
Thermodyne Engineering Systems is a Top Boiler Manufacturer in India
The resulting steam is superheated fumes which have high temperature and high pressure. The size of
steam production depends on the surface area of heat transfer, flow rate, and the heat of combustion is
applied. A boiler system consisting of water-filled pipes is called a water tube boiler.
Steam Turbine
The steam turbine works to change the heat energy carried in the steam into rotary motion. Steam
with high load and temperature were conducted to push turbine blades installed on the shaft, so
the shaft turns. Due to complete work on the turbine, the pressure and heat of steam coming into
the turbine down to drenched vapor.
This steam then proceeds to the condenser, while the whirling power is used to turn a generator.
Today nearly all of the steam turbine is a kind of condensing turbine.
Condenser
Condensers are tools to convert steam into water. The changes are made by the steam flow into a
room holding tubes. Steam runs outside tubes, while the cooling water flows inside the tubes. This
is called the surface condenser. It is usually for coolant use of seawater.
Heat transferal rate depends on the movement of cooling water, sanitation devices, and the
temperature variation between the steam and cooling water. The method of change into water
vapor happens at saturated weight and temperature. In this case, the condenser is beneath the
vacuum.
Because the cooling water temperature is equal to the external temperature, the highest
temperature condensate water near the outdoor air temperature. If the rate of heat transfer is
suspended, it will affect the pressure and temperature.
Generator
The main idea of the activities at a plant is electricity. The electrical energy is produced by
the generator. Function generator converts mechanical force into electrical energy in the form
of a circle with the origin of magnetic induction.
The consists of a stator and rotor. The stator consists of the casing which holds coils and a
rotor magnetic field station consists of a core comprising a coil.
Alternator
The steam turbine copulates to an alternator. When the turbine turns the alternator, electrical
energy is produced. This generated electrical voltage is then walked up with the help of a
transformer and then transferred where it is to be employed.

Generator
The main idea of the activities at a plant is electricity. The electrical energy is produced by
the generator. Function generator converts mechanical force into electrical energy in the form
of a circle with the origin of magnetic induction.
Theconsists of a stator and rotor. The stator consists of the casing which holds coils and a
rotor magnetic field station consists of a core comprising a coil.
Alternator
The steam turbine copulates to an alternator. When the turbine turns the alternator, electrical
energy is produced. This generated electrical voltage is then walked up with the help of a
transformer and then transferred where it is to be employed.
The working system of the steam power station
The working fluid cycle of the steam power plant is a final cycle, which uses the same fluid regularly.
First, the water is loaded into the boiler to fill the whole surface area of heat transfer.

In the boiler, water is warmed by the hot gases of combustion fuel with air so that it gets
transformed into the vapor phase. Steam generated by the bolierwith pressure and temperature is
guided to do work on the turbine to provide mechanical power in the order of rotation.

The former steam out of the turbine and then moved into the condenser to be frozen with cooling
water that converted to water. Condensate water is then utilized again as boiler-feed water. Thus
the cycle continues on and repeats.

The rotation of the turbine is utilized to turn a generator that is linked directly to the turbine. So
when the turbine revolves, the generator output terminals produce electricity. Although the
working fluid series is a closed cycle, the amount of water in the cycle would decline. The loss is due
to the leakage of water either deliberately or accidentally.