Land Degeration

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Introduction Land degradation is a process in which the value of a biophysical or biochemical environment is affected by a combination of natural or human-induced processes acting upon the land.[1] [2] It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable.[3] Natural hazards are excluded asa cause; however human activities can indirectly affect phenomena such as floods and bush fires. Serious land degradation in Nauru after the depletion of the phosphate cover through mining Expert projections suggest that land degradation will be an important theme of the 21st century, impacting agricultural produ j, biodiversity loss, Overcutting of vegetation occurs when people cut forests, woodlands and shrublands—to obtain timber, fuelwood and other products—at a pace exceeding the rate of natural regrowth. This is frequent in semi-arid environments, where fuelwood shortages are often severe Sensitivity and resilience lare measures of the vulnerability o a landscape to degradation. These two factors combine to explain the degree of vulnerability.[11] Sensitivity is the degree to whicha land system undergoes change due to natural forces, human intervention or a combination of both. Resilience is the ability of a landscape to absorb change, without significantly altering the relationship between the relative importance and numbers of individuals and species compose the community. It also Vehicle off-roading Quarrying of stone, sand and mineral/ore deposits Increase in field size due to economies of scale, reducing shelter for wildlife, as hedgerows and copses disappear [clarification needed]. Monoculture which destabilizes the local ecosystem Dumping of poorly- biodegradable trash, such as plastic waste. Introduction of invasive species ate change l carbon [clarification Severe land degradation affects a significant portion of the Earth's arable lands, decreasing the wealth and economic development of nations. As the land resource base becomes to productive, food security is compromised and Perla yaaitColamcelme Te LT! resources increases, the seeds of famine and potential conflict are sown. Public awareness and education Increasing public awareness about AaB) elects -mem Clare] conservation, sustainable land frat an aL ae tal) consequences of land degradation is vital for fostering behavioral change and mobilizing support for action. Education, outreach ET Eames Maen Lis keer laird platforms can empower individuals, communities, and stakeholders to adopt more sustainable practices and become stewards of the land.[23] UG o Meee atin Ves) chee Ug erty Metre MUR NAM Ld resilience of a landscape can be increased or decreased through human interaction based upon different methods of land-use management. Land that is degraded becomes less resilient than undegraded land, which can lead to even further degradation through shocks to the landscape. [22] South and East Asia, the circum Sahara region including North Africa, and the Middle East including the Arabian Peninsula (low confidence). Other dryland regions have also experienced desertification. People living in already degraded or desertified areas are increasingly negatively affected by climate change (high confidence)."[16] Additionally, it is claimed that 74% of the poor are directly affected by land degradation globally.[10] CUT Climate change and land degradation According to the Special Report on Climate Change and Land of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate change is one of the causes of land degradation. The report state that: "Climate change exacerbates land degradation, particularly in lowlying coastal areas, river deltas, drylands and in permafrost areas (high confidence). Over the period 1961-2013, the annual area of drylands in drought has increased, on average by slightly more than 1% per year, with large inter-annual variability. In 2015, about 500 (380-620) million people lived within areas which experienced desertification between the year 1980s and 2000s. The highest numbers of people affected are in South and East Population pressure also operates through other mechanisms. Improper agricultural practices, for instance, occur only under COC CR Wee) ) of good lands under population pressure which leads settlers to cultivate too shallow or too steep soils, plough fallow land before it has recovered its fertility, or attempt to obtain multiple crops by irrigating unsuitable soils High population density is not always related to land degradation. Rather, it is the practices of the human population that can cause a landscape to become degraded. Populations can be a benefit to the land and make it more productive than it is in its natural state. Land degradation is an important factor of internal displacement in many African and Asian countries.[15] Overgrazing is the grazing of natural pastures at stocking intensities above the livestock carrying capacity; the resulting decrease in the vegetation cover is a leading cause of wind and water erosion. It is a significant factor in NEE Ueda d population pressure, during 1980- 1990, has led to decreases in the already small areas of agricultural land per person in six out of eight countries (14% for India and 21% bem die] yA (cus Causes —w Land degradation is a global problem largely related to the agricultural sector, general deforestation and climate change. fos TET M ile 0° [¥ Land clearance, such as clearcutting and deforestation e Agricultural depletion of soil PaLOL Ma =TaLeM Aa) col 10m olele) me ten lary practices such as exposure of naked soil after crop harvesting. . Poor livestock farming practices such as overgrazing ¢ Inappropriate irrigation[14] and overdrafting e Urban sprawl and commercial development By Suryansh Dwivedi prs Land degradation v

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