Salvacion National High

School Grade Level 12

School
Lesson Geraldine L. Dumaran- PRACTICAL
Teacher Learning Area
Exemplar Libarra RESEARCH 2
Teaching Dates and 09/16/2024
Quarter 1st
Time 7:15-9:15/9:30-11:30

I. OBJECTIVES
The learner demonstrates understanding of 1. the criteria in selecting, citing, and
synthesizing related literature 2. the ethical standards in writing related literature 3. the
A. Content Standards
formulation of conceptual framework 4. the research hypotheses (if appropriate) 5. the
definition of terms as used in the study.
The learner is able to 1. select, cite, and synthesize judiciously related literature and use
B. Performance sources according to ethical standards 2. formulate clearly conceptual framework,
Standards research hypotheses (if appropriate), and define terms used in study 3. present
objectively written review of related literature and conceptual framework.
The learners,
C. Learning
1. Define terms used in the study.
Competencies
II. CONTENT LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
Luzano (2020). Practical Research 2. Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de
Oro City
PRS (2021). Division Research Agenda and Research Manual. Department of
A. References
Education-Division of Palawan.
Curriculum Guide

B. Other Learning
Leaning Modules, Activity Sheets, Laptop, and TV
Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
What are the contents of Chapter II or Research Framework?
A. Reviewing the  Review of Related Literature and Relevant Studies
previous  Conceptual Framework/Research Paradigm
lesson/Presenting  Research Hypothesis
the new lesson  and?

Definition of Terms
B. Establishing a  What are the things that we need to define in our study?
purpose for the  What do you think is the reason why there is a need to define the terms that was
lesson used in the study?

C. Presenting
examples/instances Story Telling/Short Clip Presentation about 3 Idiots: Definition of Machine
of the new lesson
D. Discussing new How does Ranchordas define a machine?
concepts and How does Silencer define a machine?
practicing new What is the difference between Ranchordas and Silencer’s definition of machine?
skills #1
There are two ways in defining the terms, the conceptual and operational definition. The
conceptual definition is the meaning of the term that is based on how it is defined in the
dictionary or encyclopedia. Operational definition, on the other hand, is the meaning of
the term based on how it was used in the study.

Definition of Terms is also called as Operational Definition of Variables (ODV). The

word operational refers to “how the word/term was used in the study. At the same time,
the variables are the elements essential to the study.

Generally, there are two cases in which important terms need to be defined; first, if the
term is not common or widely known, and second, if the term has a specific or unique
meaning in the context of the study.

Benefits of Having Definition of Terms

1. It is a useful place to include technical terms in the topic of the research
questions.
2. It can clarify the definition of term, especially if it has a different meaning. Define
the term according to how it was used in the study.
3. It makes it easier to revisit or check the meaning of a term instead of trying to
locate it through the paper.
4. Helps to ensure that the reader can understand the technical terminologies and
jargons while reading the paper.
 Guidelines on How to Write the Definition of Terms
1. Write a brief introductory statement. It must shortly describe the content of the
definition of terms.
2. List/write the words/terms (which are technical) that would be included (make
sure that the variables and key terms found in the title are included).
3. The terms should be arranged alphabetically.
4. It can be underlined or not.
5. It can be bold and italic or not.
6. It does not have to be lengthy (direct to the point).
7. Acronym/initials should be defined clearly. Complete name should be written
first, followed by the acronym/initials in open-close parenthesis, then the
definition/meaning.
8. Do not overflow with technical terms (only those relevant and significant to the
study).
9. Keep the definition brief and basic. You will elaborate on it more in the body of
your paper.
Note: Refer also to your institutional format (some institutions have different formats).

Examples of the brief introductory statement written before the list of terms to be
defined.
1. For a better understanding of this study, the following terms are defined in the
context of this research.
2. The following terms are defined as used in the study.
3. To comprehend the study better, the following terms are operationally defined.

 Following the guidelines in doing the definition of terms of the study,

compose a brief introductory statement written before the list of terms to
be defined.

Examples of Writing the Definition of Terms

Conceptual definition
Face to face. It is when the people involved are being close together and looking
directly at each other (https://bit.ly/2L2IuML).
Operational definition
Face to face. This refers to one of the modalities used in learning delivery in
which the teacher and students should be in the same place or setting, such as the
E. Discussing new classroom.
concepts and
practicing new Conceptual definition
skills #2 Online. It is controlled by or connected to another computer or network
(https://bit.ly/3aUatJA).
Operational definition
Online. It refers to another form of distance learning wherein the teacher and
students will have their lessons using internet connectivity.

 Give the conceptual and operational definition of the word module.

Applying the guidelines in doing the definition of terms of the study, and using
F. Developing
the words in the examples. Draft a Definition of Terms.
mastery
Let us apply the lesson in your research paper by doing the definition of terms of your
study.
 Write a brief introductory statement
G. Finding practical
 Define terms at least 3 terms that will be used in your study operationally.
applications of
Criteria
concepts and skills
With brief introductory statement 2 points
in daily living
Define each term operationally 6 points (2 points each term)
Arrange accordingly (2 points)

Let us see how much you have learned from the lesson by answering the following
questions.
H. Making  What is the importance of definition of terms in the study?
generalization  What are the guidelines in doing the definition of terms of the study?
about the lesson  Differentiate between conceptual and operational definition.
 How do we define the terms used in the study?

I. Evaluating learning Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Write the letter of the best answer in
your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following best describes the purpose of definition of terms?
A. It helps in simplifying some of the technical terms which are vital in the
 understanding of the research project.
B. It prevents the ambiguous meaning of terms that might otherwise be
interpreted in different ways, causing confusion.
C. It can enhance comprehension of important key terms.
D. All of these
2. This is definition is based on how it is defined in the dictionary or encyclopedia.
A. Definition C. Operational
B. Conceptual D. Both B and C
3. This is definition is based on how it was used in the study.
A. Definition C. Operational
B. Conceptual D. Both B and C
4. Which of the following is/are defined conceptually?
A. Online. It refers to another form of distance learning wherein the teacher
and students will have their lessons using internet connectivity.
B. Student. Refers to a person who is enrolled and attends a Bachelor of
Science in Pharmacy of this university.
C. Undergraduate. Refers to a student who is enrolled in the course of
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy in this university who has not yet
received the degree.
D. Graduate. A person who has completed a course of study or training,
especially a person who has been awarded an undergraduate academic
degree.
5. Which of the following is/are defined operationally?
A. Online. It is controlled by or connected to another computer or network
B. Student. A person who is enrolled or attends classes at school, college,
or university.
C. Undergraduate. A student at a college or university who has not yet
earned a bachelor's or equivalent degree.
D. Graduate. Refers to a student who has completed the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy of this university.
J. Additional activities Read in advance about research hypothesis.
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. Attendance
B. Index of Proficiency
C. Index of Mastery
D. Most mastered item
E. Least mastered
item
F. Observer Name
and Signature
G. Date of
Observation

Prepared by: Checked by:

GERALDINE D. LIBARRA PERPETUA L. BACUEL

T-II, PR2 Subject Teacher HT-III, MATH Department

 Salvacion National High
School Grade Level 12
School
Lesson Geraldine L. Dumaran- PRACTICAL
Teacher Learning Area
Exemplar Libarra RESEARCH 2
Teaching Dates and 09/17/2024
Quarter 1st
Time 7:15-9:15/9:30-11:30

I. OBJECTIVES
The learner demonstrates understanding of 1. the criteria in selecting, citing, and
synthesizing related literature 2. the ethical standards in writing related literature 3. the
A. Content Standards
formulation of conceptual framework 4. the research hypotheses (if appropriate) 5. the
definition of terms as used in the study.
The learner is able to 1. select, cite, and synthesize judiciously related literature and use
B. Performance sources according to ethical standards 2. formulate clearly conceptual framework,
Standards research hypotheses (if appropriate), and define terms used in study 3. present
objectively written review of related literature and conceptual framework.
C. Learning The learners,
Competencies 1. List research hypothesis.
II. CONTENT LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
Luzano (2020). Practical Research 2. Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de
Oro City
A. References PRS (2021). Division Research Agenda and Research Manual. Department of
Education-Division of Palawan.
Curriculum Guide
B. Other Learning
Leaning Modules, Activity Sheets, Laptop, and TV
Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing the When you are finished identifying your statement of the problem or research
previous questions/objectives, you may now start formulating the hypothesis of your study.
lesson/Presenting What is hypothesis?
the new lesson What are the different types of hypotheses that you know?
B. Establishing a
purpose for the When does a study contains a hypothesis?
lesson
A Hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more
variables. It is a specific and testable prediction on what you expect to happen with the
variables in your study. Usually, it proposes a possible relationship between the
independent variable (what the researcher changes) and the dependent variable (what
the research measures). It is also described as an “educated guess” of what possibly the
result would be of your research, which should be supported on existing theories and
knowledge. Furthermore, the hypothesis states a tentative answer to your research
question that can be tested by further investigation in which you can support or refute it
C. Presenting
through scientific research methods such as data collection and statistical analysis. It is
examples/instances
the primary idea of any inquiry that transforms the research questions into a prediction
of the new lesson
and integrates components like variables, population, and the relation between the
variables. Hypothesis formulation is employed when conducting correlational, ex-post
facto, quasi experimental, and experimental studies (Barrot, 2017).

As a researcher, you must determine whether your hypothesis is accepted or not based
on the findings and outcome of your research study. Not all studies have a hypothesis
while some studies have several hypotheses.

D. Discussing new Types of Research Hypothesis

concepts and 1. Simple Hypothesis
practicing new A simple hypothesis is a prediction of the relationship between two
skills #1 variables, the independent variable and the dependent variable. It shows a
connection between one independent variable and a single dependent variable
Ex: The higher the poverty rate in society (one independent variable),
the higher the number would be the out of school youth (one dependent
variable).
2. Complex hypothesis
The complex hypothesis reflects the relationship between the
independent variable and the dependent variable. It expresses a connection
between two or more independent variables and two or more dependent
variables
Ex: Eating more vegetables and fresh fruits (independent variables)
leads to boost immune system and enhance blood circulation and
digestion (dependent variables).
3. Empirical Hypothesis
An empirical hypothesis is also called as the “working hypothesis.” It is
presumed to explain certain facts and relationships of phenomena. It comes to
 life when a theory is being put to the test, using observation and experiment.
From the name itself “working,” it would mean that it can be changed or replace
anytime as soon as it is no longer supported or accepted base on the
observation and experimentation being done. It is going through some trial and
error and perhaps changing around those independent variables
Ex: Plants watered everyday grow faster than plants watered once a
week. (Here, trial and error are leading to a series of findings).
4. Logical hypothesis
Logical hypothesis expresses explanation with limited evidence that can
be verified logically. It reflects a relationship of the variables which are anchored
based on logical phenomena. Sometimes, a logical hypothesis can be turned
into an empirical hypothesis in which you have to test your theories and
postulates
Ex: Tomato plants bear fruit faster in Earth than in Moon. (Until we are
can test the soil and plant growth in Moon's ground, the evidence for this
claim will be limited, and the hypothesis will only remain logical).
5. Null hypothesis
The null hypothesis is denoted with the symbol Ho It exists when you
consider that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent
variables or that there is an insufficient amount of information to claim a scientific
hypothesis (McLeod, 2020).
Ex: There is no significant change in my health, whether I exercise every
day or not.
6. Alternative hypothesis
An alternative hypothesis is denoted with the symbol (H a). It is an
alternate statement expressed to be tested in order to generate the desired
output when the empirical or working hypothesis is not accepted. In an attempt
to disprove a null hypothesis, you tend to seek an alternative hypothesis
(McLeod, 2020).
Ex: My health improves during the times when I sleep 8 hours a day
than sleeping for 4 hours only.

A Hypothesis can be classified as Directional and Non-directional Hypothesis

Directional Hypothesis
The directional hypothesis relates the relationship between the variables
and can also predict its nature. It illustrates the direct association of the impact of
the independent variable with the dependent variable, whether it is positively or
negatively affected. The direction of the statement should be clear and justified
according to the findings of the study. Since the hypothesis is gearing to one
specific direction it is investigated through a one-tailed test (McLeod, 2020).
Ex: Students who are eating nutritious food have higher grades than
students not having a proper meal. (This shows that there is an effect
between the grades and nutritious food and the direction of effect is
E. Discussing new clear that the students got a higher grade).
concepts and Non-directional Hypothesis
practicing new A non-directional hypothesis is used when there is no principle involved.
skills #2 It is a premise that a relationship exists between two variables. However, the
direction of the effect is not specifically determined. It is a statement that reflects
the association of the independent variable to the dependent variable without
predicting the exact nature of the direction of the relationship. This relationship is
not specified as negative or positive. The hypothesis, in this case, is investigated
through a two-tailed test (McLeod, 2020).
Ex: There is a significant difference in the average grades between
those students that have proper nutritious meal and those that do not
have proper meals. (This depicts that there is an effect between the
average grades and nutritious food, but it does not reflect the direction
of the effect whether it is positively or negatively affected).

F. Developing Guidelines in Formulating Hypothesis

mastery 1. Before writing your specific hypothesis, spend more time researching about the
topic you are interested in. Focus on information and previous studies related to
your topic.
2. Your independent variable and dependent variable must be included in your
hypothesis.
3. The relationship of your variables must be reflected in your hypothesis. Will your
independent variable affect your dependent variable?
4. Your hypothesis should be simple and specific as possible. If your hypothesis is
vague and complicated, it would be difficult to find the answer to your question.
5. Your hypothesis should be concise and comprises clear and simple language.
Make it short and simple for it to be easily understood and avoid any
misconceptions or misunderstandings.
6. Your hypothesis should be testable without violating ethical standards. It means
that it could be investigated and measured through a scientific method such as
statistical analysis and data interpretation.
 Your hypothesis must be falsifiable. It means that your hypothesis can be proven
wrong through experiments or empirical data. There are no absolute answers to research
questions, but there is a possibility of validating the hypotheses to be true beyond a
reasonable doubt.

G. Finding practical
applications of
 List you research hypothesis
concepts and skills
in daily living
Let us see how much you have learned from the lesson by answering the following
questions.
H. Making  What is a hypothesis?
generalization  What are the different types of research hypothesis?
about the lesson  Discuss directional and nondirectional hypothesis.
 What are the guidelines in formulating research hypothesis?

Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
For numbers 1-3, identify the type of hypothesis that is being describe.
1. It expresses a connection between two or more independent variables and two or
more dependent variables.
A. Alternative B. Complex C. Empirical D. Null

2. It comes to life when a theory is being put to the test, using observation and
experiment.
A. Alternative B. Complex C. Empirical D. Logical

3. It is an alternate statement expressed to be tested in order to generate the desired

output when the empirical or working hypothesis is not accepted
A. Alternative B. Empirical C. Null D. Logical

4. Which of the following best describes a research hypothesis?

I. Evaluating learning A It is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more
variables.
B. It is a specific and testable prediction on what you expect to happen with the
variables in your study.
C. It proposes a possible relationship between the independent variable (what
the researcher changes) and the dependent variable (what the research
measures).
D. All of these

5. Which of the following is/are the purpose/s of literature review?

A. Before writing your specific hypothesis, spend more time researching about the
topic you are interested in. Focus on information and previous studies related to
your topic.
B. Your independent variable and dependent variable must be included in your
hypothesis.
C. The relationship of your variables must be reflected in your hypothesis. Will your
independent variable affect your dependent variable?
D. All of these

J. Additional activities Prepare for the chapter defense.

V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. Attendance
B. Index of Proficiency
C. Index of Mastery
D. Most mastered item
E. Least mastered
item
F. Observer Name
and Signature
G. Date of
Observation

Prepared by: Checked by:

GERALDINE D. LIBARRA PERPETUA L. BACUEL

T-II, PR2 Subject Teacher HT-III, MATH Department

 Salvacion National High
School Grade Level 12
School
Lesson Geraldine L. Dumaran- PRACTICAL
Teacher Learning Area
Exemplar Libarra RESEARCH 2
Teaching Dates and 09/18-19/2024
Quarter 1st
Time 7:15-9:15/9:30-11:30

I. OBJECTIVES
The learner demonstrates understanding of 1. the criteria in selecting, citing, and
synthesizing related literature 2. the ethical standards in writing related literature 3. the
A. Content Standards
formulation of conceptual framework 4. the research hypotheses (if appropriate) 5. the
definition of terms as used in the study.
The learner is able to 1. select, cite, and synthesize judiciously related literature and use
B. Performance sources according to ethical standards 2. formulate clearly conceptual framework,
Standards research hypotheses (if appropriate), and define terms used in study 3. present
objectively written review of related literature and conceptual framework.
C. Learning The learners,
Competencies 1. Presents written review of related literature and conceptual framework.
II. CONTENT IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY AND STATING THE PROBLEM
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
Luzano (2020). Practical Research 2. Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de
Oro City
A. References PRS (2021). Division Research Agenda and Research Manual. Department of
Education-Division of Palawan.
Curriculum Guide
B. Other Learning
Manuscript, Leaning Modules, Activity Sheets, Laptop, and TV
Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing the
previous
lesson/Presenting
the new lesson
B. Establishing a
purpose for the
lesson
C. Presenting
examples/instance
s of the new lesson
D. Discussing new
concepts and
practicing new
Applying all the things that they have learned in the previous lessons, learners
skills #1
are going to present and defend the chapter 2 of their study.
E. Discussing new
concepts and
practicing new
skills #2
F. Developing
mastery
G. Finding practical
applications of
concepts and skills
in daily living
H. Making
generalization
about the lesson
RUBRIC for the Chapter Defense
Total
Category Scoring Criteria Score
Points
Gives information and description of the subject
Title 10
matter of the research. (Short but Catchy)
Review of
Related
I. Evaluating learning Follows the ethical standards in doing the RRL. 20
Content (70)

Literature
and Studies
CHAPTER 1

Paradigm Clearly overviews the flow of the study. 20

Properly stated. Serve as a guide in the research

Hypotheses 10
process.
Definition of
Define terms operationally 10
Terms
 The paper provides innovative solutions to issues
10
in the school and/or community
Organization (20) Information is presented in logical sequence. 5
Materials included is relevant to the overall
5
message or purpose.

The speaker maintains good eye contact with the

5
audience and is appropriately animated (e.g.,
Presentation (10) gestures, moving around, etc.)
Good language skills and pronunciation are used. 5
Speaker uses a clear, audible voice.
TOTAL 100
J. Additional activities Prepare for data collection
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. Attendance
B. Index of Proficiency
C. Index of Mastery
D. Most mastered
item
E. Least mastered
item
F. Observer Name
and Signature
G. Date of
Observation

Prepared by: Checked by:

GERALDINE D. LIBARRA PERPETUA L. BACUEL

T-II, PR2 Subject Teacher HT-III, MATH Department