1. |𝑦| − 1 = 2 2. 3|𝑏| = 15 3. 2|𝑎| − 2 = 6 4. 2|𝑥| + 2 = 3 5. TEMPERATURE While a normal body temperature is 98.6°F, most physicians feel that a temperature 1°F above or below 98.6°F is also normal. Write an equation to represent the lowest and highest body temperatures considered normal by physicians, and then solve the equation. This material may be reproduced for licensed classroom use McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Lesson Goals
• Solve absolute value inequalities (<).
• Solve absolute value inequalities (>).
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Learn Solving Inequalities Involving < and Absolute Value
For a real number a, the inequality
|𝑥| < 𝑎 means that the distance between x and 0 is less than a.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Learn Solving Inequalities Involving < and Absolute Value
When solving absolute value inequalities, there are two
cases to consider. Case 1 The expression inside the absolute value symbols is nonnegative. If x is nonnegative, then |𝑥| = 𝑥. Case 2 The expression inside the absolute value symbols is negative. If x is negative, then |𝑥| = −𝑥.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 1 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (<)
Solve |𝒎 + 𝟓| < 𝟑. Then graph the solution set.
Part A Rewrite |𝒎 + 𝟓| < 𝟑 for Case 1 and Case 2.
Part B Graph the solution set on a number line.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 1 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (<)
Part A Rewrite |𝒎 + 𝟓| < 𝟑 for Case 1 and Case 2.
Case 1 If 𝑚 + 5 is nonnegative, |𝑚 + 5| = 𝑚 + 5.
𝑚+5<3 Case 1 𝑚 < −2 Subtract 5 from each side.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 1 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (<)
Case 2 If 𝑚 + 5 is negative, |𝑚 + 5| = −(𝑚 + 5).
−(𝑚 + 5) < 3 Case 2
−𝑚 − 5 < 3 Distributive Property −𝑚 < 8 Add 5 to each side. Divide each side by −1. Reverse the 𝑚 > −8 inequality symbol.
So, 𝑚 < −2 and 𝑚 > −8. The solution set is {𝑚 | − 8 < 𝑚 < −2}.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 1 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (<)
Part B Graph the solution set on a number line.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 1 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (<)
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 1 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (<)
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 2 Absolute Value Inequalities (<) with No Solutions
Solve 𝒏 – 𝟏 < −𝟓. Then graph the solution set.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 2 Absolute Value Inequalities (<) with No Solutions
Because |𝑛 – 1| is an absolute value expression, it
cannot be negative. So it is not possible for |𝑛 – 1| to be less than – 5. Therefore, there is no solution, and the solution set is the empty set, Ø.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 2 Absolute Value Inequalities (<) with No Solutions Talk About It! Is the solution set of |𝑛 − 1| − 6 < −5 also the empty set? Explain your reasoning.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 3 Use Absolute Value Inequalities
SURVEY Jonas is a software developer who wants
to determine whether the changes he made to his program are popular with users. He releases a survey to get some feedback and finds that 72% of users like the changes. The margin of error is within 1.8%, which means that with a reasonable level of certainty, the actual percentage can be said to fall within 1.8% of 72%.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 3 Use Absolute Value Inequalities
Part A Complete the table to write an inequality
that represents the percent of users who like the changes. Part B Solve each case of the inequality.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 3 Use Absolute Value Inequalities
Part A Complete the table to write an inequality that
represents the percent of users who like the changes.
Words The difference between the is less than 1.8%
actual percent and 72% or equal to Variable Let x be the actual percent of users who like the changes. Inequality |𝑥 − 72| ≤ 1.8
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 3 Use Absolute Value Inequalities
Part B Solve each case of the inequality.
Case 1 𝑥 − 72 is nonnegative
𝑥 − 72 ≤ 1.8 Case 1 𝑥 ≤ 73.8 Add 72 to each side.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 3 Use Absolute Value Inequalities
Case 2 𝑥 − 72 is negative
−(𝑥 − 72) ≤ 1.8 Case 2
−𝑥 + 72 ≤ 1.8 Distributive Property −𝑥 ≤ −70.2 Subtract 72 from each side. 𝑥 ≥ 70.2 Divide each side by −1. Reverse the inequality symbol.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 3 Use Absolute Value Inequalities
The percent of users who favor the changes Jonas made to his software is between 70.2% and 73.8%, so the solution set is {𝑥 | 70.2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 73.8}. This solution set is a small interval of possible values close to the percent that Jonas found, so the solution set seems reasonable for the situation.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Learn Solving Inequalities Involving > and Absolute Value
For a real number a, the inequality
|𝑥| > 𝑎 means that the distance between x and 0 is greater than a. When solving absolute value inequalities, there are two cases to consider.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Learn Solving Inequalities Involving > and Absolute Value
Case 1 The expression inside the absolute value
symbols is nonnegative. If x is nonnegative, |𝑥| = 𝑥. 𝑥>𝑎 Case 1
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Learn Solving Inequalities Involving > and Absolute Value
Case 2 The expression inside the absolute value
symbols is negative. If x is negative, |𝑥| = −𝑥.
−𝑥 > 𝑎 Case 2 −𝑥 𝑎 < Divide each side by −1. Reverse the inequality. −1 −1 𝑥 < −𝑎 Simplify.
The solution set is the union of the solutions to these two cases. So, 𝑥 > 𝑎 or 𝑥 < −𝑎. The solution set is {𝑥 | 𝑥 < −𝑎 or 𝑥 > 𝑎}.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 4 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (>)
Solve |𝟐𝒎 − 𝟗| > 𝟏𝟑. Then graph the solution set.
Part A Rewrite |𝟐𝒎 − 𝟗| > 𝟏𝟑 for Case 1 and Case 2.
Part B Graph the solution set on a number line.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 4 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (>)
Part A Rewrite |𝟐𝒎 − 𝟗| > 𝟏𝟑 for Case 1 and Case 2.
Case 1 If 2𝑚 − 9 is nonnegative, |2𝑚 − 9| = 2𝑚 − 9 2𝑚 − 9 > 13 Case 1 2𝑚 > 22 Add 9 to each side. 𝑚 > 11 Divide each side by 2.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 4 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (>)
Case 2 If 2𝑚 − 9 is negative, |2𝑚 − 9| = −(2𝑚 − 9).
−(2𝑚 − 9) > 13 Case 2 −2𝑚 + 9 > 13 Distributive Property −2𝑚 > 4 Subtract 9 from each side. Divide each side by −2. Reverse 𝑚 < −2 the inequality.
So, 𝑚 > 11 or 𝑚 < −2. The solution set is {𝑚 | 𝑚 > 11 or 𝑚 < −2}.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 4 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (>)
Part B Graph the solution set on a number line.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 4 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (>)
Check
Part A Solve |𝟒𝒎 − 𝟐𝟎| ≥ 𝟏𝟐.
Part B Graph the solution set.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 4 Solve Absolute Value Inequalities (>)
Check
Part A Solve |𝟒𝒎 − 𝟐𝟎| ≥ 𝟏𝟐. {𝑚 | 𝑚 ≥ 8 or 𝑚 ≤ 2}
Part B Graph the solution set.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 5 Absolute Value Inequalities (>) with Overlapping Case Solutions
Solve |𝒏 − 𝟔| ≥ −𝟓. Then graph the solution set.
Part A Rewrite |𝒏 − 𝟔| ≥ −𝟓 for Case 1 and Case 2.
Part B Graph the solution set on a number line.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 5 Absolute Value Inequalities (>) with Overlapping Case Solutions
Part A Rewrite |𝒏 − 𝟔| ≥ −𝟓 for Case 1 and Case 2.
Case 1 𝑛 − 6 is nonnegative. 𝑛 − 6 ≥ −5 Case 1 𝑛 ≥1 Add 6 to each side.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 5 Absolute Value Inequalities (>) with Overlapping Case Solutions Case 2 𝑛 − 6 is negative. −(𝑛 − 6) ≥ −5 Case 2 −𝑛 + 6 ≥ −5 Distributive Property −𝑛 ≥ −11 Subtract 6 from each side. Divide each side by −1. Reverse 𝑛 ≤ 11 the inequality. So, 𝑛 ≥ 1 or 𝑛 ≤ 11. The solution set is {𝑛 | 𝑛 ≥ 1 or 𝑛 ≤ 11}, which is equivalent to {𝑛 | 𝑛 is a real number}.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 5 Absolute Value Inequalities (>) with Overlapping Case Solutions
Part B Graph the solution set on a number line.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Example 5 Absolute Value Inequalities (>) with Overlapping Case Solutions
Think About It!
Why is the empty set the solution of |𝑛 − 6| ≤ −5, but not the solution of |𝑛 − 6| ≥ −5?
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Exit Ticket
Compare and contrast the graphs of
|𝒙 − 𝒃| < 𝒄 and |𝒙 − 𝒃| > 𝒄.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed. Exit Ticket
Compare and contrast the graphs of
|𝒙 − 𝒃| < 𝒄 and |𝒙 − 𝒃| > 𝒄.
Sample answer: They are similar because they both
have circles at −𝑐 + 𝑏 and 𝑐 + 𝑏. They are different because the graph of |𝑥 − 𝑏| < 𝑐 connects −𝑐 + 𝑏 and 𝑐 + 𝑏, but the graph of |𝑥 − 𝑏| > 𝑐 has rays extending to infinity from both −𝑐 + 𝑏 and 𝑐 + 𝑏.
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McGraw Hill | Solving Absolute Value Inequalities only and may not be further reproduced or distributed.
