November 24 Issue of TAB Final
November 24 Issue of TAB Final
Inside stories
Induced emf
Quiz Time
BUZZ Converse
Vikas Kumar Dey asks – According to Faraday’s law, emf induced in a closed coil will be equal to the rate of
change of flux associated with it. So, to calculate the flux we need an area which is enclosed by the closed loop.
But as we know that when the loop is open, an emf is produced across the ends of the loop. In this case which
area of the loop is to be considered to calculate the flux because the loop is not closed and we can not define the
area of loop.
Prof H C Verma responds to the query which is already being asked by hundreds of students and teachers.
HCV: Basic Faraday’s law is that if we integrate E. dl on a closed loop then it is equal to minus of the rate of
𝑑𝜑
change of magnetic flux (∮ 𝐸. 𝑑𝑙 = − ). As Vikas says, yes, this flux is defined only when we have a closed
𝑑𝑡
loop that is why the LHS of the Faraday’s law equation itself has an integration on the closed loop. This ∮ 𝐸. 𝑑𝑙
is called emf . If this electric field is the driving force and when the magnetic field changes, this flux changes.
When the magnetic field changes, it creates an electric field or the loop itself is moving and the magnetic flux is
changing then we have motional emf. So this is the basic equation, and if we have an open loop then this
equation does not apply. In that case we can not calculate the flux and we can not calculate this integration.
I give you a very simple example. Suppose I have an open wire and there is confined magnetic field which
changes with time. I may have a very long solenoid so that the magnetic field is only in the cylindrical volume
and not outside as shown in the adjacent diagram no 1. That magnetic field is changing and due to this change
we can see some phenomenon. Now if I connect some circuit as in diagram no 2. If some LED is connecting the
circuit, meanwhile the magnetic field is changed then the LED will glow.
But if I connect the LED between the same two points but as shown in the diagram no. 3 then the LED will
not glow. Because if we consider the closed loop in the third diagram, there is not any changing magnetic field
in this closed loop and thus there is no flux change. So emf is zero. There is no driving force in this case and the
LED does not glow.
So, we must understand that the emf is not generated between
two points A and B. As you have seen that between the same
two ends of the wire, if we connect the LED on one side, it
glows but if we connect it on the other side, it does not glow. So emf comes only when we have a closed loop.
Let’s start with the neutrino Katha(story). The word neutrino and its concept started fascinating me when I first
learned about beta decay for the first time during my undergraduate education. Since then, I have found them
really interesting. Even though I got trained in nuclear physics for my
PhD, I haven't done any research on neutrinos. But it keeps me attached. I
am very interested and pay close attention whenever there are new
developments about what's happening in this field. That's how I am going
to deliver this talk.
Here the dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjun is being described in
which Lord Krishna responds as a teacher and queries asked by Arjun as a
disciple, where everyone is prepared with their weapons in battleground.
Arjun is in the state of dilemma and not able to understand what he
should do and what he should not do. In this situation Lord Krishna
solved all the problems of Arjun and gave an interesting sermon to Arjun. The dialogues are …
अर्जु न उवाच (Arjun asked):- O Lord, I am deeply puzzled, I do not understand what this universe is. Kindly tell
me, what this universe is made of? Who were the great souls who had this realization?
श्री भगवान उवाच (Sri Krishna responded ):- Dear Arjun, most of what you see is made of electrons, protons and
neutrons.
(In fact, this line is a message for the teachers of modern times. The inclusion of ‘most of’ signifies that a teacher
must tell the student according to student’s level and not his/her level. Nothing untruth is to be told but a skill is
to be applied in telling what exactly to tell so that it is understood in the same sense.)
Lord Krishna continued, Rishis-Munis(saints-monks) of all ages had struggled hard to get this divine knowledge.
However here are some who were given the blessings to
discover these particles.
These great rishis were – Sant (saint) Shri J J
Thomson ji Maharaj, Sant Shri Rurherford ji
Maharaj and Sant shri J. Chadwik ji Maharaj.
अर्जनु उवाच:- You said "Most of it". Are there other
particles too?
श्री भगवान उवाच:- As the world is governed by three
qualities- सतोगणु , रजोगुण एवम ् तमोगण ु
(Satogun, Rajogun, Tamogun).
Similarly the particles world has Quarks, Leptons and Interaction Bosons.
“No wall can stop neutrino and no water can make it wet.
No fire can burn it and no wind can blow it.”
Scientists had known beta decay and equipment to measure atomic masses
of nuclei and energies of beta particles.
It was 1930 ;
Rishi(saint) Neils Bohr, who had Siddhi(attainment) from Hydrogen Dev,
devised the Mantra(formula) of Statistical conservation law But Rishi Pauli
got a Divya Sandesh(divine information) from Me and he proposed existence of a chargeless
particle, produced with the beta particles,
Neutrino gave first DARSHAN(sight) to Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowan who
did decades of Tapasya (rigor ) for it.
It was 1956 when the rishis Reines, Cowan and other rishis (saints) did
Mahayagya. (Great yajna)
The Yagya Samagree (material) - 200 liters of water, 40 kg of Cdcl2, 110
Scintillator Photomultiplier tubes.
Sacred Place for the Yagya:
Savannah River Plant, Georgea, 11m from a nuclear reactor, 12 m underground
Yagya arrangement:
अर्जन
ु उवाच:- Lord Krishna, you have opened my inner vision and I can see how the neutrinos discovered by Saint Reins
and Saint Cowan makes the world complete.
श्री भगवान उवाच:- The world made by me is full of surprises. People in grip of Maya(illusion) think that they know
everything of the world. But Gyani people know that knowledge in infinite and keep searching for more and more. Now let
me tell you how my Param Bhakt (great devotee) Lederman brought the divine knowledge of Muon neutrino to the
mankind.
:: Iti Chaturtha Adhyaya ::
(That completes the fourth chapter)
अर्जन
ु उवाच:- Oh Lord, it is getting more and more mysterious. I am dying to
know what is muon and muon neutrino and how these are produced. Please tell me
and satisfy my thirst.
अर्जन
ु उवाच:- O Lord Krishna, neutrino is not interacting with materials as it did not have charge and negligible mass.
But not so with muon, why do I not see muons as often as electrons?
श्री भगवान उवाच:- I made electrons in good numbers and with absolute stability so that there are numerous variety of
material to sustain and increase the wisdom.
But muons come in existence only in specific cases and that too for a short time of few microseconds. But those who have
submitted their KARMAs to Me, can do wonders in this short lifetime of 5 microsecond.
Karma Yogi Lederman, Schwartz and Steinberger slammed protons (15 GeV) into beryllium to produced pions which
decayed to form neutrinos and muons .
The Yagya Kund(yagya pot) was made of Aluminium plates (10 tons) at high voltages and only neutrinos were to be offered
in this Kund to get their Darshan.
The whole beam was made to pass through 13 m of steel plates which stopped everything but the tiny but mighty neutrinos.
Neutrino Devs were pleased and gave Darshan through the reaction.
It was 2000 ;
Tau Neutrino Detected
A beam of Neutrino fired on a meter of thick iron plates.
Occasionally, one tau neutrino of 1012 interacted with iron and produced tau particles which got detected in the emulsion
this was happened in Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.
:: Iti Pancham Adhyaya ::
(That completes the fifth chapter)
श्री भगवान उवाच:- The biggest source of energy is also the biggest source of neutrinos: Stars
And the closest to the Vashundhara (earth) is the Sun.
श्री भगवान उवाच:- These are the electron neutrinos, billions of which pass through every square cm of your body
every second.
Shashank Mishra is student of M. Sc. Physics in National Institute of Technology (NIT), Hamirpur in Himachal Pradesh. He had completed
the B.Sc. from University of Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
India won six gold medals and was named as the best
country in 21st International Junior Science Olympiad
(IJSO) -2024 held in Bucharest in Romania from 2nd to 11th
December 2024. Pranit Mathur, Manas Goel , Bhavya
Gunval, Swetank Aggarwal, Jinanash Shah and Harshit
Singla comprised the Indian team and brought laurels to
the country by winning gold each. Besides winning gold
medals for the academic excellence in theory and
experiments in Physics, Chemistry and Biology they also
won additional individual subject recognitions. In Physics
Pranit Mathur won gold and Manas Goel won silver, in
Chemistry Pranit Mathur won silver and in Biology,
Bhavya Gunval won bronze medal.
IJSO is an annual individual and team event in the Natural
Sciences and is held on the lines of academic Olympics. It is the only official Olympiad for the junior students, where Govt of India
sends the team for the event. This year 53 countries participated in Bucharest IJSO. The students who are under 16 years old on 31st
December of the competition year are eligible to participate in this event.
Indian Association of Physics Teachers (IAPT) invites the applications from the students of 9th and 10th through National Standards
Examination (NSE) - Junior Science every year, the students have to appear in the relevant NSE organised by IAPT and the selected
students are trained by Homi Bhabha Center for Science Education (HBCSE) Mumbai before proceeding to participate in IJSO.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
BUZZ Converse
The Anveshika Buzz has a special column dedicated to the students where they can ask a question based
on the physics concepts. The selected questions will be responded by our team. The students must share
the question on theanveshikabuzz@gmail.com along with their name, class, school/college, address and a
recent passport size photograph. - Editor
2. When a carrom coin (say A) is pushed towards another carrom coin bigger
in size (say B), the first coin (A) moves only after a force is applied on it. It
does not move as far as no force acts on it. Now when the coin A moves
towards the coin B and hits it, the coin B starts moving as it now
experiences a force applied by the coin A but at the same time the coin A is
seen rebounding. Some force must be responsible for this backward motion
of coin A. This force is applied by the coin A as a result of action reaction
pair explained by Newton’s third law of motion. Sometimes there is a
change in the direction of coin B also. Less the force, less is the rate of
change of the momentum of the coin.
3. Is the force required to keep a body in motion? Newton’s cradle is made by gluing threads with
the seven glass marbles. When a marble on one side is raised a bit and released it hits the next
and causes the motion in the last marble at the opposite side. The last marble moves when it
experinces a pushing force but the motion damps soon due to the force of earth which exerts a
restoring force and it tends to return to equilibrium position. Three major laws of physics may be
inter related to describe its working, law of momentum conservation, law of energy conservation
and friction, apart from Newton’s laws of motion. Newton’s second law states that rate of
change of momentum is proporional to the applied force and this change in momentum is in the direction of prce.
During my Newton’s cradle designing when the marbles were not aligned along the line joining their centres, it was seen
that when the fiirst marble applied the force on the next, the the marble was directed to some sideways direction along
the apploed force and no marble of similar mass was moved from the other end so perfectly.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
The students may participate in this section by performing an activity and sharing with us.
The topic for next month is : An activity using used water bottle (s)
Think, plan, act and email your activity with two photographs on theanveshikabuzz@gmail.com before 18th January 2025,
along with your name, a passport size photograph, class, name of the school/college, address and contact number.
The selected entries will be published in The Anveshika Buzz. – Editor
from the top, the magnetic field lines began to take their
shape. The magnetic field pattern is possible due to the
magnetic field of the bar magnet. With brief discussion on
the same, the students were ready to see the magnetic
field lines pattern due to the horse shoe magnet.
Now the bar magnets are inserted in the heap of iron filings
and beautiful streaks were enjoyed by the students.
The applications of the magnets were recalled by involving
all the students. The students were now taken to a
mesmerising experiment of obtaining the magnetic field
lines due to a mobile phone. The phone was placed below
nearby and that object does not stick with the rod. What it a transparent sheet and iron filings were sprinkled. And
means? It means that the object is not a magnet and when yes, a pattern of the magnetic field lines was obtained.
another object is tried in the same process, it sticks with This was a thoroughly involving session in which the
the rod which means that it is a magnet. Now two magnets students were engrossed in the concepts. The final activity
are brought closer what could happen? Though many was working with a magnetic compass. Various activities
students had the perception of attractions some also and orientations of magnets involving the identification of
forecasted repulsion. And yes, when attraction and directions using the compass were enjoyed by the
repulsion happened, the smiling faces were full of students.
confidence. The students added that the repulsion is due
This series of quantum doodles is by the eminent physicist Prof P K Ahluwalia who is the National President of Indian Association of
Physics Teachers.
Source: NOAA Photo Library archives Weather Wonders collection, www.photolib.noaa.gov. (Image credit: NOAA)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This logo concept of SONY VAIO has been a perfect fusion of Art
of Science. Designed by Teiyu Goto of Japan, VAIO is an
inspiration of the correlation of analog and digital signal.
Though VAIO is an acronym of Visual Audio Intelligent
Organizer, VA in the logo has the inspiration from the sine wave
depicting the analog signal and if we travel from left to the right
the analog is replaced by the digital world in which i and o
signify the bits 1 and 0 representing digital signals. This is a
Image courtesy: testament of the advancement of technology.
https://www.sony.com.sg/microsite/vaio/World/philosophy1.htm
Patna- IAPT Anveshika is leading the Anveshika activities in the capital region of Bihar under the leadership of Dr Rakesh Kumar
Singh, from the school of Nanoscience and nanotechnology, Aryabhatta Knowledge University Patna.
A Session on “Inclusion of Low cost based simple Physics demonstrated and correlated to how the atoms in crystal are
experiment in class room for Nature assisted teaching- oscillating with some
Learning” conducted by Dr Rakesh Kumar Singh, Patna-IAOT
Anveshika coordinator in 6-day AICTE- ATAL faculty frequency, formation of stationary wave and particle in box
development programme (FDP) at CV Raman university phenomenon in Quantum science. Similarly motion of magnet
Vaishali on 21 November 2024 as a part of Anveshika in aluminium tube and eddy current loss behaviour shown,
vision/activities. properties were linked as energy grade materials in industries.
Low eddy current loss materials are more useful in Electronics
In this faculty industries. Due to motion of magnet, motion of electrons in
development programme conductor also discussed in details. The purpose of this session
total 30 teachers from to aware the learning atmosphere of class room through
different engineering fundamental principal to applications at all levels of studies
colleges/ universities through low cost experiments. National Anveshika Network of
participated. Simple low India initiative emphasized. Science, Engineering and
cost experimented wave Technology education and with statement former president Dr.
motion on slinky Kalam correlated. Total 7 low cost experiment demonstrated and
discussed their science and daily life applications in details.
The Anveshika Buzz is a platform to share physics resources and we welcome the contributors towards the content
enrichment. We welcome mails from you on the anveshikabuzz@gmail.com regarding the same. While sharing any
content enrichment main don’t forget to share your name, address, contact details and passport size photograph.
The scope of the content enrichment is as follows:
Straight from the heart is a series of The Anveshika Buzz (TAB) in which we invite a personality dedicated to Physics education.
TAB interacts with the personality of the month on diverse domains and presents the dialogue for the joy of our readers. The
experience, expertise and commitment to carry forward the vision and legacy will be an inspiration to our readers.
This month Editor of The Anveshika Buzz (TAB), Dinesh Kumar invited Dr Rakesh Awasthi (RA), the Anveshika Coordinator in
Agra, Uttar Pradesh for a talk and this straight from the heart dialogue is here for the readers. Dr Awasthi is leading IAPT and
Anveshika activities in Western Uttar Pradesh and is a close associate of Prof H C Verma, Padma Shree and an eminent physicist.
Published by Dinesh Kumar, Vivekananda Kutir, VPO Naleti, Tehsil Dehra, District Kangra, HP-177104 on behalf
of IAPT-NANI, for circulation amongst Anveshikas, IAPT and the online subscribers only. Editor in chief – Dinesh Kumar.
e- Mail: theanveshikabuzz@gmail.com, himanveshika@gmail.com