AVIATION INDUSTRY GROWTH RATE HISTORY & EVOLUTION OF AIRPORTS

INTRODUCTION

Landing Fields &

20
AIRPORT
th Century

Aerodromes
Airport is a complex of runways for the take-off and landing of planes and terminal
EARLY AGE
building facilities for passengers. The terminal building contains facilities like ticketing,
boarding, baggage, toilets, retiring rooms, restaurants, lounges, emergency services, The story of airports began in the early 20th
century with the advent of powered flight.
etc., Airport often have hanger facility to store and maintain aircraft and will have a The earliest “airports” were just flat, open
fields that aviators used to take off and land.
control tower.
PERCENTAGE OF LCC IN INDIAN AVIATION Aerodromes: As flying became more popular,
dedicated areas known as ‘aerodromes’ started
GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT emerging. These were primarily clear land areas
marked specifically for aircraft operations.
Greenfield land is undeveloped land in a city or rural area either used for agriculture,
Hangars and Facilities: The first aerodromes had
landscape or left to evolve naturally. These areas of land are used for the infrastructure, basic facilities, usually just a hangar or two where
aircraft could be stored and maintained.
industrial or any development in the form of construction is known as Greenfield
development.

19
Runways , ATC ,
Terminals
GOLDEN AGE 30
Indian Aviation Sector In FY24
Sheduled Airlines : Distance Flown Non-Sheduled Airlines in Operation :
million Km : 9569.63 103 (FY23 as of January 2023

Freight Handled : 3,365.65 The story of airports began

Air Passengers traffic (million) : 376.43
(FY24) AVAILABLE AIRPORTS AND FUTURE TARGETS in the early 20th century
MARKET with the advent of
Number of Aircrafts : 771 Number of Operational Airports : 148 powered flight. The
SIZE Aerodromes: As flying became more popular,
(2023) earliest “airports” were
just flat, open fields that dedicated areas known as ‘aerodromes’ started
aviators used to take off emerging.
Activity In AAI Airports - Share (%) - FY25 and land.
84.2%
Hangars and Facilities: The first aerodromes
81.5%
had basic facilities, usually just a hangar or two
62.8% where aircraft could be stored and maintained.
37.2%

SECTOR 15.8% 18.5%

Jet Age , ILS ,

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COMPOSITION

Terminals
Aircraft movement Passenger Traffic Freight Traffic
Domestic International

Growth in Domestic Passengers (million) Growth in International Passengers (million)

65 69 67 70
40 Expansion
POST-WAR
275 275 307
270 56
243
167 World War II had a profound
KEY 105
10
22 INDIAN AIR PASSENGER TRAFFIC DATA impact on aviation. The
TRENDS post-war era witnessed a
FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24
surge in both civil and
commercial aviation.

GOVERNMENT
100% FDI for Open Sky Poilcy
INTIATIVES UDAN GreenField Projects

Robust demand : Rising working group and widening middle-class demography is expected to boost demand india has
envisaged increasing the number of operational airports to 220 by 2025 India will require 2200 aircraft by 2042
Jumbo Jets ,
Security 19
70
Opportunities in MRO : By 2028, the MRO industry is likely to grow over US$ 24 billion from US$ 800 million in 2018
Union budget 2024 introduces incentives to boost MRO activities in aviation , including extending export and re-import

JET AGE
periods for repairs and implementing a 5% uniform IGST on aircraft parts
Policy support : As per the present FDI Policy,100% FDI is permitted in scheduled Air Transport Service/Domestic
scheduled passenger Airline (Automatic upto 49% and government route beyond 49%) However,for MRI 100% FDI
ADVANTAGE is permitted under automatic route in scheduled Air Transport Service/Domestic scheduled passenger Airline
Increasing Investments: Six international airports completed under PPP the sector is expected to witness investments
INDIA worth US$ 25 billion by 2027 growing private sector participation through the public-private Partenrship PPP The
number of PPP airports is likely to increase from five in 2014 to 24 in 2024. The ministry of Civil Aviation is developing This period marked
public-private partnership (PPP) modalities for the privatisation of 25 airports under the National Monetization Pipeline
significant changes in
both aircraft
technology and airport Jumbo Jets: The introduction of aircraft like
infrastructure. the Boeing 747 meant that airports had to
INDIA’S AVIATION : adjust infrastructure, including larger gates,
more extensive baggage systems, and longer
India's aviation market is one of the fastest-growing aviation markets in the world. The country's aviation industry has grown at a rapid pace in recent years,increasing runways.
economic growth, rising incomes, and a growing middle class. Domestic Passenger Traffic: Domestic passenger traffic in India has been growing at an average rate of Airport Security: The rise in hijackings and
terrorist activities in the 1970s and 1980s led to
16-17% per annum in recent years, reaching a total of 341 million passengers in FY2020. Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on air travel, domestic passenger the introduction of security checks, metal
detectors, and baggage screenings.
traffic has been recovering mid-2020 (Domestic passenger traffic : DirectorateCivil Aviation (DGCA). International Passenger Traffic: International passenger traffic from
India has also been growingh steadily , with the MiddleEast and Southeast Asia being the most popular destinations. According to the Ministry ofCivil Aviation, international
passenger traffic grew by 1.6% FY2020, reaching a total of 69.8 million passengers (International passenger traffic: Ministry of Civil Aviation). 19 Hub-and-Spoke,
Automation
90
Airports in the modern era have become
multi-faceted complexes serving diverse
needs.
Hub-and-Spoke Model: Major airlines began
using a ‘hub-and-spoke’ system where they
operated flights out of centralized airports
(hubs) to smaller, regional destinations
(spokes). This model led to the development of
mega-airports.

Automation and Technology: Self-check-in

kiosks, automated baggage systems, and
advanced ATC technologies revolutionized the
passenger experience.

ZERO - CARBON 20
FUTURE 30
The evolution of airports is
far from over.

Passenger Traffic Growth Cargo Traffic Growth Increasing Traffic: With air travel expected
to grow, airports need to manage higher
The chart shows the rapid increase in passenger traffic at Chennai The cargo handling capability, currently at 450,000 metric tons, is projected capacities.

International Airport, projected to exceed 50 million passengers annually to double by 2035. This highlights the pressing need for additional Sustainability: Reducing the carbon
footprint and managing resources is
by 2035. The current capacity of ~23 million is insufficient to meet this infrastructure. paramount.

Health and Safety: Recent issues like the

demand.
COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the
need for health and safety measures in
crowded airports.

M CULTIVATE QUALIFY CONCEIVE

E Look before Design Ask the Right Questions Fan the Spark

T • Selection of topic • Conduct Literature and Live • Develop a Preliminary

H
• Conduct a site analysis study of Airports Design Concept
• Analysis of Existing Airport

O •

D
O REFINE REALISE REVISIT
L Uncover the Finer Grain Develop the Ideas Complete the Circle

O • Evaluate the Design • Develop detailed designs • Presenting the project with

G
Concepts • Study on Parametric Roof plans & renders
• Refine the Design Structures

Y
Chennai Bengaluru Mumbai Delhi

LIMITATIONS:
Comparison with Other Major Airports This chart compares the land area requirements for Chennai
• The apron of the airport is fixed and cannot be moved or expanded and
Chennai lags behind Delhi and Mumbai in cargo handling capacity but has International Airport:
thus not to be designed by the architect.
comparable passenger traffic to Bengaluru. This indicates the potential for Current Airport Area: 1,317 acres.
• The position of placement of the terminal building is fixed and cannot be
Chennai to emerge as a stronger aviation hub with enhanced Required for Expansion: 4,000 acres to handle future passenger and
altered and thus limits the possibilities of different configurations of
facilities.These data-driven insights and trends strongly justify the proposal cargo demands efficiently.
planning.
for a second airport in Chennai to handle future demands and maintain its Available for Expansion: Only 300 acres are realistically available due to
• The lenght and direction of taxiways and runway is fixed and cannot be
position as a key gateway for South India . urban and infrastructural constraints.
altered.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN X HISTORY & EVOLUTION TRANSPORTATION HUB

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