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Color-models

The document provides an overview of color models, including characteristics such as hue, brightness, and saturation. It discusses various color models like RGB, CMYK, YIQ, HSL, and HSV, explaining their applications in computer graphics and printing. Additionally, it differentiates between HSB and HLS models, focusing on how they represent color attributes in a way that aligns with human perception.

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7 views

Color-models

The document provides an overview of color models, including characteristics such as hue, brightness, and saturation. It discusses various color models like RGB, CMYK, YIQ, HSL, and HSV, explaining their applications in computer graphics and printing. Additionally, it differentiates between HSB and HLS models, focusing on how they represent color attributes in a way that aligns with human perception.

Uploaded by

devanandan04122
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COLOR MODELS

Malayalam Tutorial
COLOR MODELS

Malayalam Tutorial
Characteristics of Color
1. DominantFrequency (Hue) :The color we see (red,
green, purple).
2. Brightness :The total light energy, how bright is the
color
3. Purity (Saturation) :Purity describes how close a light
appears to be to a pure spectral color, such as pink is
less saturated than red.
4.Chromaticity: refers to the two properties (purity & hue)
together.
Shades , Tints & Tones
◦ A shade is produced by “dimming ” a hue.[Adding
black].
◦ Dark Blue = pure blue + black
◦ A tint is produced by "lightening" a hue. [Adding white].
◦ Pastel red = pure red + white
◦ Tone refers to the effects of reducing the "colorfulness"
of a hue. [adding gray] or [adding black & white].
Color Models
◦ A color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way
colors can be represented as tuples of numbers, typically as three or four
values or color components
◦ A color model is an orderly system for creating a whole range of colors
from a small set of primary colors.
◦ There are two types of color models,
◦ Subtractive
◦ Additive
◦ Additive color models use light to display color while subtractive models
use printing inks.
◦ Colors perceived in additive models are the result of transmitted light.
Colors perceived in subtractive models are the result of reflected light.
Color Model
◦ There are several established color models used in computer
graphics, but the two most common are the RGB model (Red-
Green-Blue) for computer display and the CMYK model (Cyan-
Magenta-Yellow-Black) for printing.
RGB Color Model
◦ RGB is an additive color model For computer
displays uses light to display color , Colors result
from transmitted light
◦ Red+Green+Blue = White
◦ Unit Cube defined on R, G & B axes.
◦ The Origin (0,0,0) represents black and the
diagonally opposite vertex (1,1,1) is White.
◦ Vertices of the cube on the axes represent
primary colors, and the remaining vertices are the
complementary color points for each of the
primary colors.
◦ Shades of gray are represented along the main
diagonal.
CMYK Color Model
◦ CMYK (subtractive color model) is the standard color model used
in offset printing for full-color documents.
◦ Because such printing uses inks of these four basic colors, it is
often called four-color printing.
◦ Where two colors of RGB overlaps, we see a new color formed by
mixing of the two additive primaries. These new colors are:
◦ A greenish blue called cyan.
◦ A blushed red called magenta.
◦ A bright yellow.
◦ The key color , Black
CMYK Color Model
◦ We can express this effect pseudo-algebraically.
◦ Writing R, G and B for red, green and blue, C, M and Y for cyan,
magenta and yellow, and W for white
◦ using (+) to mean additive mixing of light, and (–) to mean
subtraction of light, we have:
◦ C (cyan) = G + B = W - R
◦ M (magenta) = R + B = W - G
◦ Y (yellow) = R + G = W– B
◦ In each equation, the color on the left is called the
complementary color of the one at the extreme right
◦ for example, magenta is the complementary color of green.
YIQ Color Model
◦ YIQ model is used for US TV broadcast.
•This model was designed to separate chrominance (I
and Q) from luminance (Y).
•This was a requirement in the early days of color
television when black-and-white sets still were expected
to pick up and display what were originally color pictures
•The Y-channel contains luminance information
(sufficient for black-and-white television sets) while the I
and Q channels carried the color information.
◦ A color television set would take these three channels, Y, I, and
Q, and map the information back to R, G, and B levels for display
on a screen.
◦ The advantage of this model is that more bandwidth can be
assigned to the Y-component (luminance) because the human
visual system is more sensitive to changes in luminance than to
changes in hue or saturation
Convert From RGB To YIQ Convert From YIQ To RGB
Differentiate between HSB and HLS
color models
◦ HSL (hue, saturation, lightness) and HSV (hue, saturation, value, also
•

known as HSB or hue, saturation, brightness) are alternative


representations of the RGB color model, designed in the 1970s by
computer graphics researchers to more closely align with the way human
vision perceives color-making attributes.
◦ • In these models, colors of each hue are arranged in a radial slice, around
a central axis of neutral colors which ranges from black at the bottom to
white at the top.
◦ • HSV is a cylindrical color model that remaps the RGB primary colors
into dimensions that are easier for humans to understand. Like the Munsell
Color System, these dimensions are hue, saturation, and value.
Differentiate between HSB and HLS
color models
◦ • Hue specifies the angle of the color on the RGB color circle. A 0° hue
results in red, 120° results in green, and 240° results in blue.
◦ • Saturation controls the amount of color used. A color with 100%
saturation will be the purest color possible, while 0% saturation yields
grayscale.
◦ • Value controls the brightness of the color. A color with 0% brightness is
pure black while a color with 100% brightness has no black mixed into the
color. Because this dimension is often referred to as brightness, the HSV
color model is sometimes called HSB
Differentiate between HSB and HLS
color models
◦ HSL is another cylindrical color model that shares two dimensions with HSV, while replacing the
◦ value dimension with a lightness dimension.
◦ • Hue specifies the angle of the color on the RGB color circle, exactly like HSV.
◦ • Saturation controls the purity of the color, exactly like HSV.
◦ • Lightness controls the luminosity of the color.
◦ • This dimension is different from the HSV value dimension in that the purest color is positioned
◦ midway between black and white ends of the scale. A color with 0% lightness is black, 50% is the
◦ purest color possible, and 100% is white.
◦ • The original purpose of HSL and HSV and similar models, and their most common current
◦ application, is in color selection tools

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