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studentsdouts21
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Hillingdon U3A Computer Group

WINDOWS
COMMAND PROMPT
(Intermediate)

U3A Presentation J. Martin 2021


MS-DOS was the main command-
line interface operating system for
IBM PC compatible personal
computers during the 1980s.

By the 1990’s it had been


replaced by the Graphical user
interface (GUI) WINDOWS
operating system, of which
Windows 10 is the latest.
However a version of MS-DOS still exists
within the WINDOWS operating system as
the Command Prompt and can still be very
useful.
The Command
Prompt is
accessed using
cmd

By default it opens in
your
c:\users\[username]
folder
Sometimes cmd needs to be run in Administrator
mode.
Right click on “Command Prompt” and select
“Run as administrator”
For more information on all Command Prompts
and their options
got to:

https://ss64.com/nt/

Commands are not case sensitive


Navigation

Navigate through the folders of your hard


drive by typing the change directory command
cd

Such as: cd c:\users


List Files in Directory/Folder

List the files in a folder by using the Directory


Command prompt
dir

To list the files in sub


folders as well use the
/s option
dir /s
CMD Command Options

Nearly all Commands allow options to vary the


result of the Command

For dir:

To list the files in sub folders as well as the


main directory use the /s option
dir /s
Copying and Moving Files

It is easier to do this using the Windows File


Explorer but it can also be done by using the
Command prompts copy and move.

To copy the file myphoto.jpg from the current


folder to folder c:\photobackup, you would
enter:
copy myphoto.jpg c:\photobackup
To copy all jpg files in the current folder to folder
c:\photobackup, you can use a wildcard “*” and
would enter:
copy *.jpg c:\photobackup

You can also use a question mark to represent


individual characters, thus to copy all Word
documents starting with “letter” followed by one
extra character (letter1, letter2….):
copy letter?.txt c:\
Files can be deleted using the Delete Command
prompt del
del c:\photobackup\me.jpg

del also accepts the wildcard “*”


View a map of your folders

Use Command prompt


tree
Redirect Command Output to a File

To do this use the operator “>”

dir c:\users > c:\output.txt


File Commands

File Commands generally work only on TEXT


files.

If you want to process information from other


types of file such as WORD documents.
1. Open the file in the correct software.
2. Select all the data and copy
3. Open Notepad
4. Past the copied data
5. Save the text file
To view contents of file

Type c:\output.txt

To sort a file redirecting output

Sort c:\input.txt > c:\output.txt


To search for a text string in a text file

Findstr “Name" Address.txt

Search for "granny" OR "Smith" in the files


Apples.txt or Pears.txt

Findstr "granny Smith" Apples.txt Pears.txt

Search for "granny Smith" in Contacts.txt

Findstr /C:"granny Smith" Contacts.txt


Pipe Command output to another Command

To do this use the operator “|”

Pipe the output of a DIR command into SORT

DIR /b “c:\demo\" | SORT

/b Bare format (no heading, file sizes or summary)


Pipe the output from DIR into SORT, reverse
the list and save into a file

DIR /b | SORT /r /o demo.txt

/R[EVERSE] Reverse the sort order (Z to A, 9 to 0)

/O[UTPUT] [drive:][pathname]
Find Files
Find files in a folder by using the Where Command

List all the .CSV files in both the work and play
folders:

WHERE c:\work\;c:\Play\:*.csv
Create a Virtual Drive
WINDOWS only recognises Partitions and physical
drives as separate drives.

Using the Substitute Command prompt subst, you


can change any folder into a virtual drive:

subst f: c:\users\[username]\Pictures

To remove a virtual drive use the /d switch


subst f: /d
File Associations
File Associations dictate what program your file
will open in. Thus a .doc or .docx file will usually
open in MS WORD.

To see the current


associations use the
Command prompt
assoc
Check if file is a duplicate
If you have two files which you think are duplicates
then use the File Compare Command prompt fc to
check.

fc c:\users\[username]\test.txt c:\test2.txt
Encrypt files
(not available on Windows 10 Home)

To encrypt a folder so that the files can only be


accessed using your login

cipher /e c:\vault
(replace c:\vault with the required folder)

To decrypt use the /d switch:


cipher /d c:\vault
View running tasks and related services
tasklist -svc
View running Window Apps
tasklist -apps

To stop an App you need to use taskkill


taskkill /PID 14332 /f
SOLVE PROBLEMS USING CMD
Your Windows computer keep crashing or
appears to not be working correctly.

Check and fix a corrupt Windows Operating System


cmd (run as Administrator)
Check for system file corruption with the
System File Checker Command prompt:
sfc /scannow

To repair:
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
While the SFC command checks the integrity of
system files, you can use the Check Disk Command
prompt chkdsk to scan an entire drive.

The /f switch will automatically Fix file system


errors on the disk.
cmd (run as Administrator)

chkdsk /f C:
Network Problems?

Find out your computer’s name on the


network

Use Command prompt hostname

Display details of your network

Use the Configure IP Command prompt


ipconfig /all
Check if connected to internet

Use Test Network Connection Command


prompt ping to connect to a known website

ping www.google.co.uk
Reveal which programs are connected to the web

cmd (run as Administrator)

Now use the Display


Networking Statistics
Command prompt:

netstat -b
Wi-fi not be working correctly or slow

Check signal strength:


netsh wlan show interfaces

If < 50% try moving your


router to another position.
If signal strength is not the problem.

Try resetting the Winsock Settings (if they get


corrupted you will loose access to your
network):

netsh winsock reset


Reset your computer’s IP Address (if two
devices have the same IP address, both will
fail). To release:
ipconfig /release

To renew:
ipconfig /renew

Also worth purging your DNS history:


ipconfig /flushdns
If your wi-fi is still slow.

netsh int tcp show global

“Receive Windows
Auto-Tuning Level”
should be set to normal
If “Receive Windows Auto-Tuning Level” is not
set to normal

netsh int tcp set global autotuninglevel=normal

netsh interface tcp show heuristics

“Windows Scaling
heuristics” should be
set to disabled
If “Windows Scaling heuristics” is set to enabled

netsh int tcp set heuristics disabled

Restart your computer and test your wi-fi


Forgotten your Wi-fi password:

netsh wlan show profile

This will show


your Wifi-name
netsh wlan show profile [WIFI-name] key=clear

The Wi-fi password


is shown against
“Key Content” under
“Security settings”
System Information.

Use the Command


prompt:
systeminfo
Check your laptops battery.

Use the Configure Power Settings Command


prompt:

powercfg /batteryreport
Open the file that
has been created
Find your Windows product key.

Wmic path SoftwareLicensingService get


OA3xOriginalProductKey
Change a forgotten Windows password.

If someone who uses your computer forgets their


Windows login, then you can reset the password:

cmd (run as Administrator)

net user Steve newpass


(where Steve is the username and newpass the
new password)
For more information on all Command Prompts
and their options
got to:

https://ss64.com/nt/

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