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SE UNIT 4 - Energy 2

The document discusses various energy resources, categorizing them into renewable and non-renewable sources, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. It emphasizes the need for alternative energy sources due to the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concerns. Key renewable energy types include solar, wind, tidal, biomass, and geothermal energy, each with unique benefits and challenges.

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sneha singh
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17 views41 pages

SE UNIT 4 - Energy 2

The document discusses various energy resources, categorizing them into renewable and non-renewable sources, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. It emphasizes the need for alternative energy sources due to the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concerns. Key renewable energy types include solar, wind, tidal, biomass, and geothermal energy, each with unique benefits and challenges.

Uploaded by

sneha singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT 4

Energy Resources -
Renewable and Non-
renewable
sources of energy-
conservation
of non-renewable energy
sources
Types of energy
• Conventional energy sources
Non renewable energy sources,
They have limited stock
• Conventional energy sources are:
a)Fossil fuel energy
Coal
Petroleum
Natural gas
(b) Hydraulic energy
(c) Nuclear energy
Advantages of conventional energy:
• High output in terms of power and
efficiency
• Energy can be produced on large scale
• It can be conveyed easily
• Conversion of energy from one form to
another is very easy
Disadvantages of conventional energy:
• Conventional sources are limited and may
be deplete in future
• They cause environmental pollution
• Exploration methods have adverse effects
on environment
Needs for harnessing
alternative energies to meet
the increased demand
• Expansions of human population and
economic activity --------- combusting fossil
fuel
• More demand
-------- fossil fuel provides 80%
------ 34% petroleum
------ 32% coal
------ 14% natural gas
• The threat of global warming also presents
significant opportunity for innovation
• Fresh solutions to energy challenges.
• Demand of commercial energy, grew rapidly
in developing countries.
• The rise in oil prices resulted in substantial
loss of real incomes
• Adverse impacts of higher oil prices
------- could be reduced if oil could be
substitute by other forms of energy.
Non-conventional energy:
Non-conventional energy sources:
(a) Solar energy
(b) wind energy
(c) tidal energy
(d) Biogas energy
(e) Geothermal Energy
Advantages of non-conventional energy:
• Sun, wind, tides and geothermal activity
are renewable sources of energy and free
to use.
• After initial cost, the only cost to the
consumer relates to the maintenance.
• Oil, gas and coal supplies, will mostly,
some days run out but these sources are of
permanent.
• Pollution free
• Low operational and maintenance cost
• No more price rises from gas, energy
companies
• Eliminates the dependency on the world’s
fossil fuel supplies
Disadvantages of non-conventional energy:
• Initial cost may be expensive
• Low output
• Conveyance and storage is difficult
• These energy sources depends on
atmospheric conditions
Solar energy:
Energy from the sun is called solar energy
• Hydrogen nucleus fuse into helium nucleus.
• The energy from these reactions flow out
from the sun and escape into space.
• Solar Energy applications
1. Heating and cooling of residential
building.
2. Solar water heating.
3. Solar drying of agricultural and animal
products.
4. Salt production by evaporation of
seawater.
5. Solar cookers.
6. Solar engines for water pumping.
7. Solar Refrigeration.
8. Solar electric power generation.
9. Solar photo voltaic cells, which can be
used for electricity.
Advantages of solar energy:
• It does not required any fuel
• Energy from sun is practically free
• Financial incentives are available from
government
• Energy is clean, renewable and sustainable
• Does not polluted
• System can operate entirely independently
• System are virtually maintenance free.
Disadvantages of solar energy:
• Initial cost of installation is high
• Energy can not be stored on large scale
• Solar panels require quite a large area for
installation to achieve a good level of
efficiency
• High temperature can not be achieved
• Wind energy:
Winds are caused because of two factors.
1. The absorption of solar energy on the
earth’s surface and in the atmosphere.
2. The rotation of the earth about its axis
and its motion around the Sun.

• A wind mill converts the kinetic energy of


moving air into Mechanical energy that can
be either used directly to run the Machine
or to run the generator to produce
electricity.
• Advantages of Wind energy
(1) The wind energy is free, inexhaustible
and does not need transportation.
(2) Wind mills will be highly desirable and
economical to the rural areas which are far
from existing grids.
(3) Wind power can be used in combination
with hydroelectric plants. Such that the
water level in the reservoir can be
maintained for longer periods.
• Disadvantage of Wind energy
(1) Wind power is not consistent and steady,
which makes the complications in designing
the whole plant.
(2) The wind is a very hazard one. Special
and costly designs and controls are always
required.
(3) The cost factor, which has restricted the
development of wind power in large scale for
feeding to the existing grid .
(4) It has low power coefficient.
(5) Careful survey is necessary for plant
location.
Tidal energy:
• Tides are generated primarily by the
gravitational attraction between the earth
and the Moon. They arise twice a day in
Mid-Ocean. The tidal range is only a Meter.

• Basically in a tidal power station water at


high tide is first trapped in a artificial basin
and then allowed to escape at low tide. The
escaping water is used to drive water
turbines, which in turn drive electrical
generators.
Fig:- Working of Tidal power plant
• Advantages of tidal plant:
1. Exploitation of tidal energy will in no case
make demand for large area of valuable land
2. It is free from pollution as it does not use
any fuel.
3. It is much superior to hydro-power
plant(refer fig on next slide) as it is
totally independent of rain which always
fluctuates year to year. Therefore, there is
certainty of power supply a the tide cycle is
very definite.
4. As in every form of water power, this will
also not produce any unhealthy waste like
gases, ash, atomic refuse which entails
heavy removal costs.
• It can provide better recreational facilities to
visitors and holiday makers, in addition to
the possibility of fish forming in the tidal
basins.(Refer below figure of Shiwa Tidal
Plant in Korea)

Figure :- Shiwa Tidal Plant in Korea


Fig:- Tidal power plant -Example
from Korea
• Disadvantages of tidal plant
1. These Power plants can be developed
only if natural sites are available.
2. As the sites are available on the bay
which will be always far away from the load
centers. The power generated must be
transported to long distances. This increases
the transportation cost.
3. The supply of power is not continuous as
it depends upon the timing of tides.
Therefore some arrangements must be
made to supply the continuous power. This
also further increases the capital cost of the
plant.
4. The capital cost of the plant (Rs.5000/kw)
is considerably large compared with
conventional-power plants (hydro, thermal)
5. Sedimentation and siltration of the basins
are some of the added problems with tidal
power plants.
6. The navigation is obstructed.
Fig:- Huge
turbine blades
• Bio Mass :
• Bio gas is generated through a process of
anaerobic digestion of Bio Mass.
• Sources of biomass
1.Agriculture and forest industry by-product
2.Municipal wastes and surplus crops
3.Fast growing trees and grasses.
Advantages of biomass:
• Theoretically inexhaustible fuel of source
• When direct combustion of plant mass is not
used to generate energy (i.e. fermentation,
pyrolysis etc. is used ) there is minimal
environmental impact
• Alcohol and other fuels produced by biomass
are efficient, viable and relatively clean
burning
• Available through the world
Disadvantages of biomass:
• Could contribute to global warming if
directly burned
• Still an expensive source, both in terms of
producing the biomass and converting it to
alcohol
On a small scale there is most likely a net
loss of energy.
Geothermal Energy:
Fig:-Geothermal Power Generation
Fig:-Example of Geothermal Power
plant:Hellisheidi Geothermal Power Plant,
Iceland

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