READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY  Aside from seeking political and social

change the Katipunan aims to create a

moral change for its members
KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN WRITTEN BY
 Aspires that Kartilya will instill moral and
EMILIO JACINTO
patriotic values for the Filipinos in general
 Collection of Jacinto’s writings
Emilio Jacinto
 Liwanag sa Dilim
 Significant revolutionary writer
 A la Patria (poem)
 Brain of the Katipunan
 Jacinto served as secretary and fiscal in
 Born on December 15, 1875 in Trozo,
Katipunan
Tondo, Manila
 Fought Laguna and Morong
 He lost his father, Mariano Jacinto at a very
 Captured in Laguna by the Spaniards
young age
 Saved from execution because he worked
 Raised by his mother, Josefa Dizon and his
as a spy for the Spaniards
uncle
 Upon his release Jacinto refused an offer to
 Studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran
be the adviser to Aguinaldo because he
 Obtain the degree of Bachiller en artes
believed that Aguinaldo had a hand in the
( bachelor of arts)
death of his friend, Andres Bonifacio
 Enrolled in University of Santo Tomas to
 He lived a simple life as a meat merchant
study law
 Afflicted with malaria and dysentery in
 He then join Katipunan in 1894 and was the
1899 which caused his death
youngest member of the revolutionary
 Died on April 16, 1899 in Majayjay, Laguna
society at the age of 18
 His remains were later transferred to the
 Known as pseudonym Pingkian
Manila North Cemetery
 Editor of the Katipunan newspaper
Kalayaan
Introduction of Kartilya ng Katipunan
 Authored the Kartilya or the primer of the
 It was a national aspiration made flesh
Katipunan which was adopted by Bonifacio
 It caught the passion of ordinary people
 Jacinto’s kartilya was better so Bonifacio set
 Willing to stake their lives and overcome the
aside his own and used Jacinto’s kartilya
dread of reprisals; believing that worse fate
instead
awaited their families if they did not stand up
 Kartilya contains a code of conduct for the
to face their oppressors
Katipuneros
 It was a secret society that had a formal
hierarchy composed of a supreme council
and local councils
 Ritual of membership often mistaken for Katipunan Ideology - Ang Kartilya ng
Masonry Katipunan
 Dekalogo ng Katipunan of Andres
Bonifacio The Katipunan was founded by Andres
 Only ten points Bonifacio and their goal was to unite and
 Dealt primarily with one's duties to God, prepare the people for an armed conflict in
country, family, neighbor, the order to liberate the country from the tyranny
Katipunan and himself of the Spaniards. The moral & civic objective of
 It spoke of honor, charity and self- the Katipunan revolved around the teachings of
sacrifice but was wamed of penalty to good manners, hygiene, good morals, self-help
the traitor and disobedient. and defense of the poor and oppressed. The
 Kartilya was longer, more literary and Kartilya made by the Katipunan are:
philosophical
 It presented its concept of virtuous living as
lessons for self reflection, rather than as
direct prescriptions
 It asserted that it was the internal, not the
external qualifications that make human
greatness
 In the third statement, Jacinto defined true
piety (kabanalan) as charity, love for one
another, and actions, deeds and speech
guided by judicious reasons ("talagang
katuiran", literally, true reason)
 Kartilya reflected a vision, “bright sun of
freedom in the islands, spreading its light
upon brothers and a race united "
 Its essence was expressed using Tagalog
syntax
 It should also be appreciated within the
context of the social and political
environment of that colonial era, amid
local traditions, spiritual beliefs, family
concepts and ethnic diversity
 again but with time which we can only
lose
 Worth - as it should be seen as
something to be earned rather than
being born - as if man can only and
truly be worth something is if they
hearten the teaching and ideology of the
document
 The central theme/information of the
document is patriotic to the degree of
inciting ideology throughout the
Katipunan of being one as a community,
KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN which highlighted on instances like all
men should be equal, showing
Central Themes morality is honor etc.
 Social and Moral Aspects  The document featured 14 passages
Key Concepts that all involved on how and what is
 Four main issues and concerns discussed the ideology of the Katipunan that
within the document: ranged upon "no matter if you are black
 Equality - is expressed in the document or white, all men are equal" to "Men
as very important as it teaches them prefers honor than personal gain" which
that no matter where or how you are, promoted a more utilitarian ideology
you should have seen as equal not only to the people
to others but to yourself as well Classification of the Tenents:
 Honor - mostly consists on how one  1st, 2nd, 7th - Existing in a purpose-driven
does not come from his/her personal life, acting with nobility, and integrating the
greed or gain, but within one's loyalty to essence of time.
their family, capability to defend those  3rd, 8th - Being a member of the nation:
who are oppressed and sensibility to respectfully adapt proper customs and
know what is wrong or what is right defend the dignity of others.
 Time - although mentioned only once  4th, 10th, 11th, 13th - Significance of
within 14 passages it has one of the morality and social harmony through
most truthful passages that helps recognition of equality and gender roles
people to see on how monetary or  5th, 6th, 9th, 12th - Being trustworthy and
material can be replenished or achieved reliable to other people through right conduct
Contextual Analysis  They were required to read the Kartilya
 Historical Background and adhere to its code of conduct upon
 Its term was derived from the Spanish joining the Katipunan.
cartilla which was the primer used for  Condition of society when the document
grade schools during the Spanish period was produced
 Like the cartillas, this document served as  Dr. Jose Rizal and other propagandists
the primary lessons for the members of were advocating the idea of reforms
the Katipunan which would give rights to the
 The Kartilya was printed in a small Philippines.
pamphlet that was distributed to the  There were many sources of abuse in the
members of the Katipunan administrative system that corrupted the
 The Kartilya is not the Constitution of the legal system.
Katipunan. It is the moral code of the  The Filipinos were under the influence of
Katipuneros. liberal ideas from the West during that
 Aral ng Katipunan ng mga Anak ng time.
Bayan  In the study ofJim Richardson on the
 Details of the Document Katipunan's history and documents, he
 Emilio Jacinto wrote the "Kartilya ng said that "the Kartilya is the best known
Katipunan" in 1892. of all Katipunan texts" and that is "the
 The rules and ideologies of "Kartilya ng only document of any length set in print
Katipunan" became the guiding by the Katipunan prior to August 1896
principles of the Katipuneros while that is known to be still extant".
fighting for the country's independence.  The Kartilya presents not only the
 It emphasizes patriotism, love of one's teachings for the neophyte Katipuneros
fellow man, and the importance of honor but also the guiding principles of the
and dignity through virtuous living. society.
 Reason for the Production of the  It ends with a document of affirmation by
Document the member to the society's teachings.
 The author's eagerness to help the  Quick History of KKK
Filipino achieve the independence from  The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang
Spain, influenced him in writing the Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)
document. or Katipunan is arguably the most
 It was made mainly for the Katipuneros. important organization formed in the
Philippine history.
  KKK envisioned (1) a united Filipino  It puts us on the viewpoint in
nation that would revolt against the understanding what is deemed good and
Spaniards for (2) the total independence appropriate in the Spanish Colonial
of the country from Spain. Period, specifically at the height of the
 Previous armed revolts had already revolution.
occurred before the creation of the KKK,  How/why is it valuable to the reader
but none of them envisioned a unified  Advocacies for integrity, equality, free
Filipino nation revolting against the speech, and protection for the poor and
colonizers. oppressed are still being upheld by
 On the other hand, the propaganda did different generations of Filipinos.
not envision a total separation of the  The manner in which Filipinos respect
Philippines from Spain, but only their fellow countrymen and practice the
demanded equal rights, representation, spirit of bayanihan are also imbibed
and protection from the abuses of the through the effect of the Kartilya in the
friars. Philippine setting.
 In the conduct of their struggle, the KKK  One can obtain their own philosophies
created a complex structure and a and principles from the Kartilya itself.
defined value system that would guide
the organization as a collective aspiring POLITICAL CARICAURES OF THE
for a single goal. One of the most AMERICAN ERA 1990-1941 BY ALFRED W.
important KKK documents was the MCCOY
Kartilya ng Katipunan.
 It was Andres Bonifacio who first
formulated a code of conduct and to
whom the Dekalogo ng Katipunan was
attributed
 Contribution and Relevance
 The Kartilya provides a way for Filipinos
to infer the type of men and women that
1. The Loyalty of the Fillipinos (The
the Katipunan was trying to mold.
Independen, April 14, 1917) p.181
 It further enlightens the readers of what
2. Is the Police Force Bribed? (The
kind of mindset, morality, and upbringing
Independent, June 9, 1927)
the revolutionaries had in persevering
3. New Bird of Prey ( The Independent,
and attaining Philippine independence.
January 17, 1920)
4. While the Priest Lives Alone in a Big
Building
5. WhereThe Mosquito is King, DOnde El
Mosquito Es Rey ( Free Press, April 16, 1921),
p.36
6. “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” “ Libertad,
Igualdad, Fraternidad” ( Philippines Free
Press, February 12, 1921) p. 41
7. Brothers Under the Skin
8. Equal Work, Unequal Salary
9. The Results of Co-Education
“ Study the past if you would define
the future” ~ Confucius

SPEECH OF PRESIDENT CORAZON C.

AQUINO

President Corazon Aquino’s Speech Before

the US Congress ( Speech of Her Excellency
Conrazon C. Aquino President of the
Philippines During the JOint Session of the
United States Congress ) Delivered at
Washington, D.C., on September 18, 1986)