CHM 2104 Worksheet 1 and 2

CHM 2104 Worksheet 1 – Ideal gas behaviour
1. An ideal gas originally at 0.85 atm and 66 0C was allowed to expand until its final volume, pressure
and temperature were 94 mL, 0.60 atm and 45 0C respectively. What was its initial volume? Ans =
70.7 mL
2. At STP, 0.280 L of a gas weighs 0.400 g. Calculate the molar mass of the gas. Ans = 32 g/mol
its density. M = 𝝆𝑹𝑻 𝒑
3. Starting with the ideal gas equation, show how you can calculate the molar mass from knowledge of
4. Calculate the density of HBr in gL–1 at 733 mm Hg and 46 0C. Assume ideal gas behaviour. Ans =
2.97 g/L
5. A very flexible balloon with a volume of 1.2 L at 1.0 atm and 300 K is allowed to rise to the
stratosphere, where the temperature and pressure are 250 K and 3.0 x 10 –3 atm respectively. What is
the final volume of the balloon. Assume ideal gas behaviour. Ans = 333 L
6. Ozone molecules in the stratosphere absorb much of the harmful radiation from the sun. Typically,
the temperature and partial pressure of ozone in the stratosphere are 250 K and 3.0 x 10 –3 atm
respectively. How many ozone molecules are present in 1.0 L of air under these conditions. Assume
ideal gas behaviour. Ans = 8.8x1019 molecules
7. An ultra-high vacuum pump can reduce the pressure of air from 1.0 atm to 1.0 x 10 –12 mm Hg.
Calculate the number of air molecules in 1 L at this pressure and 298 K. Compare your results with
the number of molecules in 1.0 L at 1.0 atm and 298 K. Assume ideal gas behaviour. Ans = 3.2x107
molecules; this is more air molecules than that present in 1L of air at 1 atm and 298 K (2.46x1022
molecules)
8. An air bubble with a radius of 1.5 cm at the bottom of a lake where the temperature is 8.4 0C and the
pressure is 2.8 atm rises to the surface, where the temperature is 25.0 0C and the pressure is 1.0 atm.
Calculate the radius of the bubble when it reaches the surface. Assume ideal gas behaviour. (Hint:
the volume of a sphere is given by 4 /3 π r 3 where r is the radius). Ans = 2.16 cm
CHM 2104 Worksheet 2
1. Calculate the pressure exerted by 1.0 mol H2S behaving as (a) a perfect gas and (b) a van der Waals
gas when it is confined by the following conditions (i) 273.15 K in 22.414 L, (ii) 500 K in 150 mL.
[a= 4.484 atm L 2 mol-2 and b = 4.34 x 10-2 Lmol-1]
2. In an industrial process, nitrogen is heated to 500 K at a constant volume of 1.000 m3 . The gas
enters the container at 300 K and 1 atm. The mass of the gas is 92.4 kg. Use the van der Waals
equation to determine the appropriate pressure of the gas at its working temperature of 500 K. For
nitrogen, a= 1.352 atm L2 mol-2 and b = 0.0387 Lmol-1 . Ans: p = 140 atm
3. Define the terms; critical pressure, critical temperature and critical volume
Property Description
Critical Pressure (Pc) Pressure needed to liquefy a substance at critical temperature.
Critical Temperature (Tc) Highest temperature for liquid existence, regardless of pressure.
Critical Volume (Vc) Volume occupied by one mole of substance at critical conditions.
4. Estimate the critical constants of a gas with the following van der Waals parameters: a= 0.751 atm
L2 mol-2 and b = 0.0226 Lmol-1 Ans: Vc = 0.0678 L/mol; Pc = 54.5 atm; Tc = 120 K
5. A gas at 250 K and 15 atm has a molar volume 12% smaller than that calculated from the perfect gas
law. Calculate (a) the compression factor under these conditions and (b) the molar volume of the gas.
Are attractive or repulsive forces dominating in the sample? Ans: Z = 0.88; Vm = 1.20 L/mol
Since the compression factor Z=0.88Z = 0.88Z=0.88 is less than 1, this indicates that the attractive
forces between the gas molecules are dominating. When Z<1Z < 1Z<1, it means the gas is more
compressible than predicted by the ideal gas law, which is typically caused by intermolecular
attractions.
Z gretwr thsn on e expansion

Z lesser than one compression
Z = 1: ideal gas
6. The density of water vapour at 327.6 atm and 776.4 K is 133.2 g dm-3. (a) Determine the molar
volume Vm of water and the compression factor Z, from these data. (b) Calculate Z from the van der
Waals equation given that a= 5.464 atm L2 mol-2 and b = 0.0305 Lmol-1 . Ans: Vm = 0.135 dm3
/mol; Z = 0.696; Z = 0.658 Note: The difference between the two Z values is small (about 5%). This
means that although the pressure is high, the van der Waals equation is still fairly accurate.
7. Calculate the pressure of 0.112 L/mol of carbon dioxide gas at 350 K using (i) the perfect gas law
and (ii) the van der Waal’s equation, given that a = 3.610 atmL2 mol–2 and b = 4.29 x 10 –2 L mol –
1 Ans: p = 256.4 atm (perfect gas) p = 127.8 atm (van der Waals gas)
8. Use the answers in (7.) above to calculate the compression factor Z given that Z = Vm/VO m, where
VO m is the molar volume of a perfect gas. Deduce whether attractive or repulsive forces are
dominant in the sample of carbon dioxide above. How would you expect Z to vary as pressure is
increased? Ans: Z = 0.498; Z would increase with increasing pressure

CHM 2104 Worksheet 1 and 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHM 2104 Worksheet 1 and 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHM 2104 Worksheet 1 and 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHM 2104 Worksheet 1 – Ideal gas behaviour

Z gretwr thsn on e expansion

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.