Computation 3rd

Station 0 1 1 1
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Grade
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7
8 1 1 1
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6 9 1 3
4 7
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4 8 1 3
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4
5 9 1 1 3 14
3 8 12
7 6
2 6 1 0 1 1
4 1 5 1
5 9 1
4 8 13 7
3 7 1 1 1 2 1 6 1
6 5
5 9 10 1 4 1 18
4 3
8 2 1 17
Tricks
7 1 1 1 6
5
6 1 0 1 4 15 19
9 3 1 1 8
1
7 8 1 1 1
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17
0
5 6
9 1
0 1 4 1
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8 19 2
3 1
7
8 1 2 1 1 6 1
7 21
6 1 1 1 5 20
0 9
9 1 3 14 18
1
7
8 12 1
1 6 1 7 2 1 22
1 20
0 1 4 15 19
00
9 1 1 3 1
7 1 8 2 2 2
3
8
100
2 1 1
1 1 1 16 2 0 2 24
10

0 1 5 1 9 3
9 1 3 1 4 1 8 2 2
9 1 2 1 1 6 17 2 1 2
11 0
10 1 4 15
8 19 2
1 0 3 1
10

1 2 1 1 6 17
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x2
5
11 1 4 1
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1 2 1
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Table of Contents
Computation Station
Find the Patterns! Addition *
Find the Patterns! Multiplication *
Multiplying by 10, 100, or 1,000! *
Relating Single Digit Addition to a Double Digit *
Using Estimation: Knowing What’s Too Big and Too Small *
Using Rounding Up or Down to Estimate an Answer *
Mixed Problems Requiring Estimation *
Fast Addition Moving Left to Right: The Break Down *
Fast Addition Moving Left to Right *
Multiplying by 2 and 5 Using Patterns *
Dividing by 2 and 3 Using Patterns *
Multiplying by 3 Using Patterns *
Mixed Problems *
Multiplying by 9 Using Patterns *
Multiplying by 6 Using Patterns *
Certificate of Completion
Answer Sheets

* Includes Answer Sheet

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Find the Patterns! Addition

Addition facts are easier when you know the patterns! Take a look at the addition table
below: Do you notice any patterns?

+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
11 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
These patterns follow three main rules. Review the rules below and then complete the
exercise below:

Rule One. The even numbers on the above table are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. When you add
any even number to another even number, your answer will be an even number.
EX:
2+2=4 4 is an even number.
6 + 12 = 18 18 is an even number.

Rule Two. The odd numbers on the above table are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. When you add any
even number to an odd number, your answer will be an odd number.
EX: 3 + 4 = 7 7 is an odd number.

Rule Three. When you add any number to itself, your answer will always be an even
number.
EX:
4+4=8 8 is an even number.
5 + 5 = 10 10 is an even number (Even though 5 is an odd number!)

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Based on the three rules above, pay attention to whether the answer is even or odd.
Put a check next to the answers that have to be wrong:

1. 4 + 8 = 12

2. 6 + 8 = 17

3. 42 + 24 = 65

4. 16 + 18 = 23

5. 102 + 86 = 188

6. 1002 + 144 = 1,143

7. 3 + 8 = 11

8. 3 + 12 = 16

9. 3 + 42 = 45

10. 3 + 34 = 38

11. 3 + 110 = 114

12. 3 + 3,654 = 3,657

13. 6 + 6 = 12

14. 66 + 66 = 132

15. 666 + 666 = 1,331

16. 24 + 24 = 48 =

17. 22 + 22 = 43 =

18. 3,432 + 3,432 = 6,865

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Find the Patterns! Multiplication

Similar to addition facts, multiplication facts follow patterns, too. Observe
the multiplication table below.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72

7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96

9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132
12 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144

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Review the three multiplication rules and complete the exercise.

Rule One.

When you multiply any number by an even number the product is always even.
3 x 4 = 12 3 is an odd number, but 4 is even. Notice that the product, 12, is even.

2 x 6 = 12 2, 6, and 12 are all even.

Rule Two.

When you multiply any number by 3, the digits of the product always add up
to a multiple of 3.

The multiples of 3 up to 100 are as follows:

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51,

54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69, 72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93, 96, 99.
EX:
3 x 4 = 12.
Add: 1 + 2 = 3.
3 is a multiple of 3 because 3 x 1 = 3

3 x 12 = 36.
Add: 3 + 6 = 9.
9 is a multiple of 3 because 3 x 3 = 9

Rule Three.

When you multiply any number by 5, the last digit of the answer has to be
either 5 or 0.

EX:
5 x 3 = 15 The last digit of the product is 5.

5 x 12 = 60, and notice that the last digit of the answer is 0.

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Based on the three rules above, put a check next to the answers that have to be wrong:

1. 6 x 8 = 48

2. 24 x 14 = 336

3. 16 x 28 = 447

4. 30 x 32 = 960

5. 146 x 86 = 12,556

6. 152 x 92 = 13,985

7. 3 x 11 = 33

8. 3 x 12 = 35

9. 3 x 21 = 63

10. 3 x 13 = 38

11. 3 x 25 = 75

12. 3 x 30 = 91

13. 5 x 4 = 20

14. 5 x 12 = 72

15. 5 x 17 = 85

16. 5 x 18 = 88

17. 5 x 20 = 100

18. 5 x 22 = 106

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Multiplying by 10, 100, or 1,000!

00
100

10
Multiplying any number by 10, 100, or even 1,000 is

10
easy if you know these tricks.

If you have to multiply any number by 10, just place a 0 at the end of the
original number.

EX: 10 x 14 = 140

If you have to multiply a number by 100, just place two 0s at the end of the
original number.

EX: 100 x 14 = 1400

And if you have to multiply a number by 1,000, just place three 0s at the
end of the original number.

EX: 1000 x 14 = 14,000

Answer the following problems:

10 x 24 = 240

1. 10 x 12 = _______

2. 10 x 32 = _______

3. 10 x 87 = _______

4. 10 x 376 = _______

5. 10 x 6,395 = _______

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100 x 24 = 2,400

6. 100 x 16 = _________

7. 100 x 38 = _________

8. 100 x 94 = _________

9. 100 x 672 = _________

10. 100 x 4,936 = _________

1,000 x 24 = 24,000

11. 1,000 x 17 = _________

12. 1,000 x 39 = _________

13. 1,000 x 91 = __________

14. 1,000 x 289 = __________

15. 1,000 x 3,386 = _________

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Relating Single Digit Addition to a Double Digit.

If you know that 3 + 5 = 8 you can easily solve 30 + 50 because you don’t have to worry
about adding numbers in the ones column.

30 = 3 tens
+ 50 = 5 tens
80 = 8 tens
You can use the same rule to add numbers with three digits, or even 4 digits. For example,

300 = 3 hundreds
+ 500 = 5 hundreds
800 = 8 hundreds
Just take off the zeros and add the numbers. Then, make sure you put the zeros back!

Let’s try it with different numbers:

6 + 5 = 11
60 + 50 + 110
600 + 500 = 1,100
Now, use this rule to add the following numbers. Write the correct answers on the
following blanks:

1. 4 + 8 = 12

40 + 80 =

400 + 800 = 1,200

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2. 4 + 3 = 7 3. 4 + 1 =

40 + 30 = 70 40 + 10 =

400 + 300 = 400 + 100 =

4. 12 + 16 = 28 5. 15 + 18 = 33

120 + 160 = 280 150 + 180 = 330

1,200 + 1,600 = 1,500 + 1,800 =

6. 14 + 17 = 7. 18 + 36 =

140 + 170 = 180 + 360 =

1,400 + 1,700 = 1,800 + 3,600 =

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Using Estimation: Knowing What’s Too Big and Too Small

Adding and subtracting large numbers can sometimes be difficult. Estimating is an
easy way to figure out if your answer is close, or if you need to try again.

EX:
227 + 631 =
This looks hard. But there are some things you can know right away just by looking at it.

For example, what if you had an answer like 78?

You should know immediately that it must be wrong.
A 3-digit number + a 3-digit number can never equal a 2-digit number. It’s too small!

OR, what if you had an answer like 12,428?

You should also know this is wrong.
A 3-digit number + a 3-digit number can never equal a 5-digit number. It’s way too big!

If 227 + 631 is a difficult problem for you, you can still estimate an answer.
You should be able to determine that the answer probably has 3 digits or, at most, 4 digits.
(The actual answer is 858, a large three-digit number.)
Note: The same thing is true for subtraction.

Answer the following multiple choice problems. None of the possible answers are correct, but one is closer
to the correct answer than any of the others. Pick the answer provided that is closest to the correct answer.

1. 428 + 298 = 4. 856 – 32 =

a. 650 a. 800
b. 65 b. 8,000
c. 6,500 c. 80

2. 82 + 45 = 5. 7,324 – 119 =

a. 11 a. 72
b. 1,100 b. 720
c. 110 c. 7,200

3. 634 + 56 =

a. 6,700
b. 67
c. 670

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Using Rounding Up or Down to Estimate an Answer

What is easier to do in your in head?

800 + 100
OR
372 + 621 ?
You probably chose 800 + 100. All you have to do is add 8 + 1 and add two
zeros. Sometimes when you need a quick answer that doesn’t have to be
exact, you can estimate by rounding.

Let’s take 372 + 621 again. How can we turn this into an easy problem with
lots of zeros? You can do this by rounding to the nearest hundred.

1. Look at the number in the tens place, the one immediately to the right
of the hundreds place.

2. If it is 5 or over, round up to the next hundred by adding 1 to the

hundreds place.

3. For 372, the tens digit is 7. It’s 5 or greater, so we add 1 to 3 and get 4 in
the hundreds place. 4_ _.

4. What do we put in the tens and ones place? We put zeros because we
have rounded up. 400.

5. Let’s do the same with 621. Because 2 is less than 5, we round down to
the nearest hundred which is 6.

Now it’s time to do the addition

400 + 600 = 1,000.

This is our estimated answer. What’s the exact answer?
It’s 993, which is pretty close in value.

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Answer the following multiple choice questions by rounding up or rounding

down the numbers in the problem provided. None of the possible answers is
correct, but one is closer to the correct answer than any of the others. Pick
the approximate answer provided that is closest to the correct answer.

1. 328 + 598 =

a. 800
b. 80
c. 8,000

2. 52 + 49 =

a. 10
b. 1,000
c. 100

3. 784 + 81 =

a. 8,800
b. 88
c. 880

4. 756 – 39 =

a. 7,000
b. 700
c. 70

5. 4,124 – 139 =

a. 39
b. 390
c. 3,900

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8000
Mixed Problems Requiring Estimation 80
800

Find the best estimate by rounding up or rounding down.

None of the possible answers are correct, but one is closer to the correct
answer than any of the others. Pick the answer provided that is closest to
the correct answer.

1. 327 + 516 = _____ a. 80 b. 800 c. 8,000

2. 689 + 173 = _____ a. 900 b. 9,000 c. 90

3. 542 + 198 = _____ a. 7,000 b. 70 c. 700

4. 263 + 77 = _____ a. 38 b. 380 c. 3,800

5. 482 + 237 = _____ a. 600 b. 700 c. 800

6. 617 – 426 = _____ a. 200 b. 2,000 c. 20

7. 387 + 187 = _____ a. 60 b. 6,000 c. 600

8. 871 – 329 = _____ a. 60 b. 600 c. 6,000

9. 352 – 51 = _____ a. 300 b. 30 c. 3,000

10. 78 + 491 = _____ a. 5,800 b. 580 c. 58

11. 789 + 821 = _____ a. 1,600 b. 1,500 c. 1,700

12. 835 – 263 = _____ a. 400 b. 500 c. 700

Challenge:

1. 4,279 + 2,912 = _____ a. 70,000 b. 7,000 c. 700

2. 3,897 + 5,267 = _____ a. 8,000 b. 80,000 c. 800

3. 5,933 – 3,361 = _____ a. 300 b. 3,000 c. 30,000

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Fast Addition Moving Left to Right: The Break Down

One way to add large numbers quickly is to break down the second number into smaller parts and then
add all the parts from left to right. For example:
34 + 27 = _____ is hard to do in your head. So, let’s break it down.
27 is the same as 20 + 7.
Once you know this, the original problem becomes: 34 + 20 + 7 = _____ .
Now add this in your head:
34 + 20 = 54.
Then, 54 + 7 = 61.
You have your answer: 34 + 27 = 61.

Here’s another example in 4 steps:

48 + 87 = _____

1. Rewrite the second number: 87 = 80 + 7.

2. Write the new problem:

48 + 80 + 7 = _____

3. Add left to right

48 + 80 = 128. Now add the 7 128 + 7 = 135.

135 is the answer!

Write the number that should go where the blank spaces are in the following three-part solutions using the
adding left to right method:

1. 31 + 23 =

a. 23 = 20 + _____
b. 31 + 20 + 3 =
c. 31 + 20 = 51. Then, 51 + _____ = 54. The answer is 54.

2. 44 + 67 =

a. 67 = _____ + 7
b. 44 + 60 + 7 =
c. 44 + 60 = 104. Then, 104 + _____ = 111. The answer is 111.

3. 27 + 52 =

a. 52 = _____ + _____
b. _____ + 50 + 2 =
c. _____ + 50 = 77. Then, 77 + _____ = 79. The answer is 79.

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Fast Addition Moving Left to Right

Fast addition moving left to right is done in three steps. The three steps are as follows:

The problem is 32 + 23 =

* Step One: Rewrite the second number: 23 = 20 + 3

* Step Two: Write the new problem: 32 + 20 + 3 =

* Step Three: Add left to right: 32 + 20 = 52. Then, 52 + 3 = 55. The answer is 55.

In answering the problems below, use the three-step format (show your work):

Here’s one more example before you do the rest of the problems by yourself. Fill in the
blank spaces:

37 + 55 =

a. 55 = 50 + 5

b. 37 + 50 + 5 =

c. 37 + 50 = 87. Then, 87 + 5 = 92. The answer is 92.

1. 27 + 54 =

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2. 41 + 35 =

3. 18 + 77 =

4. 36 + 36 =

5. 62 + 26 =

6. 51 + 44 =

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x 2 Multiplying by 2 and 5 Using Patterns x 5

Everyone should memorize the multiplication tables. Sometimes, though,
there are other ways to quickly multiply and divide numbers by recognizing
patterns.

For example, to multiply by 2, you can memorize the multiplication table, or

you can recognize that multiplying a number by 2 is just doubling that
number. For example:

2 x 8 = 16. Another way to find out the answer to 2 x 8 is to recognize that

doubling 8 (8 + 8) also equals 16.

This works for bigger numbers, too. 2 x 136 = 272. Another way to find out the
answer to 2 x 136 is to recognize that doubling 136 (136 + 136) also equals 272.

Another example of how recognizing patterns can help you multiply

numbers is multiplying by 5. Any time you multiply a number by 5, the last
digit in the answer must be either 5 or 0. If the last digit is anything other
than a 5 or 0, it is wrong. For example:

5 x 2 = 10: The first digit of this answer is 1, and the last digit is 0.

5 x 3 = 15: The last digit is 5

5 x 8 = 40: The last digit is 0

5 x 18 = 90: The last digit is 0

5 x 253 = 1,265: The last digit is 5

5 x 12 can’t be 72 because the last digit is 2 (The answer is 70)

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Problems:

2 x 9 = ______ , 2 x 11 = _______ , 2 x 15 = _______ , 2 x 27 = ________ ,

2 x 32 = _____ , 2 x 77 = _______ , 2 x 112 = ______ , 2 x 164 = _______ ,

2 x 234 = ____ , 2 x 367 = ______ , 2 x 426 = ______ .

5 x 7 = ______ , 5 x 12 = ________ , 5 x 14 = _______ , 5 x 17 = ________ ,

5 x 20 = _____ , 5 x 25 = ________ .

Put a check by the problems that have to be wrong:

1. 5 x 16 = 80 _____

2. 5 x 19 = 93 _____

3. 5 x 78 = 391 _____

4. 5 x 92 = 460 _____

5. 5 x 156 = 784 _____

6. 5 x 333 = 1665 _____

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Dividing by 2 and 3 Using Patterns

Everyone should memorize the multiplication tables. Sometimes,
though, there are other ways to quickly multiply and divide
numbers by recognizing patterns.

To divide by 2 you can memorize the multiplication table, or you can recognize
that dividing a number by 2 is just figuring out what half of the number is.
For example:

6 divided by 2 = 3. Half of 6 is 3. You know this because 3 + 3 is 6. So, if you

know half of 6 is 3, then you know how to divide by 2.

This works for bigger numbers too. 860 divided by 2 = 430. This means that
430 + 430 = 860 (which also means that 430 is half of 860). And 1,428 divided
by 2 = 714. This means that 714 + 714 = 1,428 (which also means that 714 is
half of 1,428).

To divide by 3 you can memorize the multiplication table, or you can recognize
that dividing a number by 3 is just figuring out what one-third of the number is.
For example:

6 divided by 3 = 2. One-third of 6 is 2. You know this because 2 + 2 + 2 is 6. So,

if you know one-third of 6 is 2, then you know how to divide by 3.

This works for bigger numbers, too. 963 divided by 3 = 321. This means that
321 + 321 + 321 = 963 (which also means that 321 is one-third of 963). And
3,369 divided by 3 = 1,123 . This means that 1,123 + 1,123 + 1,123 = 3,369
(which also means that 1,123 is one-third of 3,369).

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Solve the division problems below using this method, and explain your answer.

Ex: 42 divided by 2 = ______ . 21 + 21 = 42. Therefore, half of 42 = 21.

1. 40 divided by 2 = ______ .

2. 44 divided by 2 = ______ .

3. 68 divided by 2 = ______ .

4. 100 divided by 2 = ______ .

5. 146 divided by 2 = ______ .

Ex: 42 divided by 3 = ______ . 14 + 14 + 14 = 42. Therefore, one-third of 42 is 14.

6. 9 divided by 3 = ______ .

7. 15 divided by 3 = ______ .

8. 21 divided by 3 = ______ .

9. 33 divided by 3 = ______ .

10. 51 divided by 3 = ______ .

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Multiplying by 3 Using Patterns

Multiplying by 3 is easier than multiplying by other numbers because of a certain pattern.
When you multiply any number by 3, the digits of the answer must add up to a multiple of
3. Here are the multiples of 3 up to 100:

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69,
72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93, 96, 99.

3 x 4 = 12. If you add together the two digits of the answer, you get 3. That is because
1 + 2 = 3. 3 is the first number on the list of multiples of 3 above. This is how you know the
answer is right! If the answer is not on the list above, it is wrong.

3 x 16 = 48. Add up the two digits of the answer, 4 + 8 = 12. Since 12 is on the list of multiples
of 3 above, the answer is probably right.

Solve the multiplication problems below and check your answer using this method.
Show your work.

1. 3 x 8 = ______

2. 3 x 11 = ______

3. 3 x 14 = ______

4. 3 x 19 = ______

5. 3 x 20 = ______

6. 3 x 27 = ______

Answer the question. Then, put a check by the problems that have to be wrong:

Ex: 3 x 9 = 26. Does 2 + 6 = a multiple of 3? (In other words, is 8 on the list above?) No.

7. 3 x 13 = 39. Does 3 + 9 = a multiple of 3? ____

8. 3 x 15 = 45. Does 4 + 5 = a multiple of 3? ____

9. 3 x 21 = 62. Does 6 + 2 = a multiple of 3? ____

10. 3 x 26 = 78. Does 7 + 8 = a multiple of 3? ____

11. 3 x 33 = 97. Does 9 + 7 = a multiple of 3? ____

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Mixed Problems
Review the multiplication and division patterns, then solve the problems below.

Multiplying by 2: Recognize that multiplying a number by 2 is just doubling that number.

For example: 2 x 8 = 16. Another way to find out the answer to 2 x 8 is to recognize that
doubling 8 (8 + 8) also equals 16.

Multiplying by 5: Any time you multiply a number by 5, the last digit in the answer must be
either 5 or 0. If the last digit is anything other than a 5 or 0, it is wrong.

Dividing by 2: Recognize that dividing a number by 2 is just figuring out what half of the
number is. For example: 6 divided by 2 = 3. Half of 6 is 3. You know this because 3 + 3 is 6.
So, if you know half of 6 is 3, then you know how to divide by 2.

Multiplying by 3: Multiplying by 3 is easier than you think because of a certain pattern.

When you multiply any number by 3, the digits of the answer must add up to a multiple
of 3. For example, 3 x 4 = 12. If you add together the two digits of the answer, you get 3.
That is because 1 + 2 = 3.

2 x 4 = _____ , 2 x 50 = ____ , 2 x 13 = ____ , 2 x 18 = ____ , 2 x 22 = _____ , 2 x 27 = ____ ,

2 x 47 = ____ , 2 x 32 = ____ , 2 x 41 = ____ , 2 x 28 = _____ , 2 x 45 = _____ , 2 x 39 = ____ .

5 x 7 = _____ , 5 x 11 = ____ , 5 x 12 = ____ , 5 x 14 = _____ , 5 x 17 = ____ , 5 x 18 = _____ ,

5 x 20 = ____ , 5 x 21 = ____ , 5 x 22 = ____ , 5 x 30 = _____ , 5 x 31 = ____ , 5 x 32 = _____ .

6 divided by 2 = _______ , 12 divided by 2 = _______ , 14 divided by 2 = ________ ,

20 divided by 2 = _______ , 22 divided by 2 = _______ , 24 divided by 2 = _______ ,

30 divided by 2 = _______ , 40 divided by 2 = _______ , 50 divided by 2 = _______ ,

46 divided by 2 = _______ .

3 x 4 = _____ , 3 x 11 = _____ , 3 x 12 = _____ , 3 x 13 = ____ , 3 x 20 = ____ , 3 x 21 = ____ ,

3 x 22 = _____ , 3 x 30 = ____ , 3 x 31 = ____ , 3 x 32 = _____ , 3 x 40 = ____ , 3 x 41 = ____ .

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6
Multiplying by 9 Using Patterns x 9
Unlike with other numbers, multiplying any single-digit number by 9
results in a recognizable pattern. For example:

2 x 9 = 18 1+8=9
3 x 9 = 27 2+7=9
4 x 9 = 36 3+6=9
5 x 9 = 45 4+5=9

You should notice that 2 x 9 = 18 and that adding together the two
digits of the answer equals 9. In other words, 1 + 8 = 9.

Fill out the rest of the chart by writing the correct number on the blank
spaces.

6 x 9 = 54 5+4=9

7 x 9 = 63 ___ + ___ = 9

8 x 9 = 72 ___ + ___ = 9

9 x 9 = 81 ___ + ___ = 9

Does this pattern work for 9 x 10? Yes or No?

Does it work for 9 x 11? Yes or No?

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Multiplying by 6 Using Patterns x6

Unlike with other numbers, multiplying even numbers by 6 results in a recognizable pattern.
For example:

6 x 2 = 12
6 x 4 = 24
6 x 6 = 36
6 x 8 = 48
You should notice that the number that is multiplied by six (the second number in the
equations above) is the same as the last digit of the answer. For example, if you multiply
6 by 2, the last digit of the answer is also 2. (The answer is 12.) This happens every time you
multiply six by an even number. (This doesn’t work for odd numbers.)
Write the correct number on the blank spaces.

1. 6 x 10 = 60

2. 6 x 12 = _______

3. 6 x 14 = _______

4. 6 x 16 = _______

Challenge questions:

5. 6 x 18 = _______

6. 6 x 26 = _______

7. 6 x 42 = _______

8. 6 x 74 = _______

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 Answer Sheets
Computation Station
Find the Patterns! Addition
Find the Patterns! Multiplication
Multiplying by 10, 100, or 1,000!
Relating Single Digit Addition to a Double Digit
Using Estimation: Knowing What’s Too Big and Too Small
Using Rounding Up or Down to Estimate an Answer
Mixed Problems Requiring Estimation
Fast Addition Moving Left to Right: The Break Down
Fast Addition Moving Left to Right
Multiplying by 2 and 5 Using Patterns
Dividing by 2 and 3 Using Patterns
Multiplying by 3 Using Patterns
Mixed Problems
Multiplying by 9 Using Patterns
Multiplying by 6 Using Patterns

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 Answer Sheet
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Find the Patterns! Addition

Addition facts are easier when you know the patterns! Take a look at the addition table
below: Do you notice any patterns?

+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
11 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
These patterns follow three main rules. Review the rules below and then complete the
exercise below:

Rule One. The even numbers on the above table are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. When you add
any even number to another even number, your answer will be an even number.
EX:
2+2=4 4 is an even number.
6 + 12 = 18 18 is an even number.

Rule Two. The odd numbers on the above table are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. When you add any
even number to an odd number, your answer will be an odd number.
EX: 3 + 4 = 7 7 is an odd number.

Rule Three. When you add any number to itself, your answer will always be an even
number.
EX:
4+4=8 8 is an even number.
5 + 5 = 10 10 is an even number (Even though 5 is an odd number!)

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ANSWERS
Based on the three rules above, pay attention to whether the answer is even or odd.
Put a check next to the answers that have to be wrong:

1. 4 + 8 = 12

2. 6 + 8 = 17

3. 42 + 24 = 65

4. 16 + 18 = 23

5. 102 + 86 = 188

6. 1002 + 144 = 1,143

7. 3 + 8 = 11

8. 3 + 12 = 16

9. 3 + 42 = 45

10. 3 + 34 = 38

11. 3 + 110 = 114

12. 3 + 3,654 = 3,657

13. 6 + 6 = 12

14. 66 + 66 = 132

15. 666 + 666 = 1,331

16. 24 + 24 = 48 =

17. 22 + 22 = 43 =

18. 3,432 + 3,432 = 6,865

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Find the Patterns! Multiplication

Similar to addition facts, multiplication facts follow patterns, too. Observe
the multiplication table below.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72

7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96

9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132
12 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144

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Review the three multiplication rules and complete the exercise.

Rule One.

When you multiply any number by an even number the product is always even.
3 x 4 = 12 3 is an odd number, but 4 is even. Notice that the product, 12, is even.

2 x 6 = 12 2, 6, and 12 are all even.

Rule Two.

When you multiply any number by 3, the digits of the product always add up
to a multiple of 3.

The multiples of 3 up to 100 are as follows:

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51,

54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69, 72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93, 96, 99.
EX:
3 x 4 = 12.
Add: 1 + 2 = 3.
3 is a multiple of 3 because 3 x 1 = 3

3 x 12 = 36.
Add: 3 + 6 = 9.
9 is a multiple of 3 because 3 x 3 = 9

Rule Three.

When you multiply any number by 5, the last digit of the answer has to be
either 5 or 0.

EX:
5 x 3 = 15 The last digit of the product is 5.

5 x 12 = 60, and notice that the last digit of the answer is 0.

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ANSWERS
Based on the three rules above, put a check next to the answers that have to be wrong:

1. 6 x 8 = 48

2. 24 x 14 = 336

3. 16 x 28 = 447

4. 30 x 32 = 960

5. 146 x 86 = 12,556

6. 152 x 92 = 13,985

7. 3 x 11 = 33

8. 3 x 12 = 35

9. 3 x 21 = 63

10. 3 x 13 = 38

11. 3 x 25 = 75

12. 3 x 30 = 91

13. 5 x 4 = 20

14. 5 x 12 = 72

15. 5 x 17 = 85

16. 5 x 18 = 88

17. 5 x 20 = 100

18. 5 x 22 = 106

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ANSWERS Multiplying by 10, 100, or 1,000!

00
100

10
Multiplying any number by 10, 100, or even 1,000 is

10
easy if you know these tricks.

If you have to multiply any number by 10, just place a 0 at the end of the
original number.

EX: 10 x 14 = 140

If you have to multiply a number by 100, just place two 0s at the end of the
original number.

EX: 100 x 14 = 1400

And if you have to multiply a number by 1,000, just place three 0s at the
end of the original number.

EX: 1000 x 14 = 14,000

Answer the following problems:

10 x 24 = 240

120
1. 10 x 12 = _______

320
2. 10 x 32 = _______

870
3. 10 x 87 = _______

3,760
4. 10 x 376 = _______

63,950
5. 10 x 6,395 = _______

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100 x 24 = 2,400

1,600
6. 100 x 16 = _________

3,800
7. 100 x 38 = _________

9,400
8. 100 x 94 = _________

67,200
9. 100 x 672 = _________

493,600
10. 100 x 4,936 = _________

1,000 x 24 = 24,000

17,000
11. 1,000 x 17 = _________

39,000
12. 1,000 x 39 = _________

91,000
13. 1,000 x 91 = __________

289,000
14. 1,000 x 289 = __________

3,386,000
15. 1,000 x 3,386 = _________

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ANSWERS

Relating Single Digit Addition to a Double Digit.

If you know that 3 + 5 = 8 you can easily solve 30 + 50 because you don’t have to worry
about adding numbers in the ones column.

30 = 3 tens
+ 50 = 5 tens
80 = 8 tens
You can use the same rule to add numbers with three digits, or even 4 digits. For example,

300 = 3 hundreds
+ 500 = 5 hundreds
800 = 8 hundreds
Just take off the zeros and add the numbers. Then, make sure you put the zeros back!

Let’s try it with different numbers:

6 + 5 = 11
60 + 50 + 110
600 + 500 = 1,100
Now, use this rule to add the following numbers. Write the correct answers on the
following blanks:

1. 4 + 8 = 12

40 + 80 = 120

400 + 800 = 1,200

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2. 4 + 3 = 7 3. 4 + 1 = 5

40 + 10 = 50
40 + 30 = 70

400 + 300 = 700 400 + 100 = 500

4. 12 + 16 = 28 5. 15 + 18 = 33

120 + 160 = 280 150 + 180 = 330

1,200 + 1,600 = 2,800 1,500 + 1,800 = 3,300

6. 14 + 17 = 31 7. 18 + 36 = 54

140 + 170 = 310 540

180 + 360 =

1,400 + 1,700 = 3,100 5,400

1,800 + 3,600 =

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ANSWERS Using Estimation: Knowing What’s Too Big and Too Small
Adding and subtracting large numbers can sometimes be difficult. Estimating is an
easy way to figure out if your answer is close, or if you need to try again.

EX:
227 + 631 =
This looks hard. But there are some things you can know right away just by looking at it.

For example, what if you had an answer like 78?

You should know immediately that it must be wrong.
A 3-digit number + a 3-digit number can never equal a 2-digit number. It’s too small!

OR, what if you had an answer like 12,428?

You should also know this is wrong.
A 3-digit number + a 3-digit number can never equal a 5-digit number. It’s way too big!

If 227 + 631 is a difficult problem for you, you can still estimate an answer.
You should be able to determine that the answer probably has 3 digits or, at most, 4 digits.
(The actual answer is 858, a large three-digit number.)
Note: The same thing is true for subtraction.

Answer the following multiple choice problems. None of the possible answers are correct, but one is closer
to the correct answer than any of the others. Pick the answer provided that is closest to the correct answer.

1. 428 + 298 = 4. 856 – 32 =

a. 650 a. 800
b. 65 b. 8,000
c. 6,500 c. 80

2. 82 + 45 = 5. 7,324 – 119 =

a. 11 a. 72
b. 1,100 b. 720
c. 110 c. 7,200

3. 634 + 56 =

a. 6,700
b. 67
c. 670

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ANSWER
Using Rounding Up or Down to Estimate an Answer
What is easier to do in your in head?

800 + 100
OR
372 + 621 ?
You probably chose 800 + 100. All you have to do is add 8 + 1 and add two
zeros. Sometimes when you need a quick answer that doesn’t have to be
exact, you can estimate by rounding.

Let’s take 372 + 621 again. How can we turn this into an easy problem with
lots of zeros? You can do this by rounding to the nearest hundred.

1. Look at the number in the tens place, the one immediately to the right
of the hundreds place.

2. If it is 5 or over, round up to the next hundred by adding 1 to the

hundreds place.

3. For 372, the tens digit is 7. It’s 5 or greater, so we add 1 to 3 and get 4 in
the hundreds place. 4_ _.

4. What do we put in the tens and ones place? We put zeros because we
have rounded up. 400.

5. Let’s do the same with 621. Because 2 is less than 5, we round down to
the nearest hundred which is 6.

Now it’s time to do the addition

400 + 600 = 1,000.

This is our estimated answer. What’s the exact answer?
It’s 993, which is pretty close in value.

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Answer the following multiple choice questions by rounding up or rounding

down the numbers in the problem provided. None of the possible answers is
correct, but one is closer to the correct answer than any of the others. Pick
the approximate answer provided that is closest to the correct answer.

1. 328 + 598 =

a. 800
b. 80
c. 8,000

2. 52 + 49 =

a. 10
b. 1,000
c. 100

3. 784 + 81 =

a. 8,800
b. 88
c. 880

4. 756 – 39 =

a. 7,000
b. 700
c. 70

5. 4,124 – 139 =

a. 39
b. 390
c. 3,900

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8000
ANSWERS Mixed Problems Requiring Estimation 80
800

Find the best estimate by rounding up or rounding down.

None of the possible answers are correct, but one is closer to the correct
answer than any of the others. Pick the answer provided that is closest to
the correct answer.

800
1. 327 + 516 = _____ a. 80 b. 800 c. 8,000

900
2. 689 + 173 = _____ a. 900 b. 9,000 c. 90

700
3. 542 + 198 = _____ a. 7,000 b. 70 c. 700

380
4. 263 + 77 = _____ a. 38 b. 380 c. 3,800

700
5. 482 + 237 = _____ a. 600 b. 700 c. 800

200
6. 617 – 426 = _____ a. 200 b. 2,000 c. 20

7. 387 + 187 = 600

_____ a. 60 b. 6,000 c. 600

600
8. 871 – 329 = _____ a. 60 b. 600 c. 6,000

300
9. 352 – 51 = _____ a. 300 b. 30 c. 3,000

10. 78 + 491 = 580

_____ a. 5,800 b. 580 c. 58

1,600
11. 789 + 821 = _____ a. 1,600 b. 1,500 c. 1,700

500
12. 835 – 263 = _____ a. 400 b. 500 c. 700

Challenge:

7,000
1. 4,279 + 2,912 = _____ a. 70,000 b. 7,000 c. 700

8,000
2. 3,897 + 5,267 = _____ a. 8,000 b. 80,000 c. 800

3,000
3. 5,933 – 3,361 = _____ a. 300 b. 3,000 c. 30,000

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Fast Addition Moving Left to Right: The Break Down

One way to add large numbers quickly is to break down the second number into smaller parts and then
add all the parts from left to right. For example:
34 + 27 = _____ is hard to do in your head. So, let’s break it down.
27 is the same as 20 + 7.
Once you know this, the original problem becomes: 34 + 20 + 7 = _____ .
Now add this in your head:
34 + 20 = 54.
Then, 54 + 7 = 61.
You have your answer: 34 + 27 = 61.

Here’s another example in 4 steps:

48 + 87 = _____

1. Rewrite the second number: 87 = 80 + 7.

2. Write the new problem:

48 + 80 + 7 = _____

3. Add left to right

48 + 80 = 128. Now add the 7 128 + 7 = 135.

135 is the answer!

Write the number that should go where the blank spaces are in the following three-part solutions using the
adding left to right method:

1. 31 + 23 =

3
a. 23 = 20 + _____
b. 31 + 20 + 3 =
3 = 54. The answer is 54.
c. 31 + 20 = 51. Then, 51 + _____

2. 44 + 67 =

60 + 7
a. 67 = _____
b. 44 + 60 + 7 =
7 = 111. The answer is 111.
c. 44 + 60 = 104. Then, 104 + _____

3. 27 + 52 =

50 + _____
a. 52 = _____ 2
27
b. _____ + 50 + 2 =
27 + 50 = 77. Then, 77 + _____
c. _____ 2 = 79. The answer is 79.

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ANSWERS Fast Addition Moving Left to Right

Fast addition moving left to right is done in three steps. The three steps are as follows:

The problem is 32 + 23 =

* Step One: Rewrite the second number: 23 = 20 + 3

* Step Two: Write the new problem: 32 + 20 + 3 =

* Step Three: Add left to right: 32 + 20 = 52. Then, 52 + 3 = 55. The answer is 55.

In answering the problems below, use the three-step format (show your work):

Here’s one more example before you do the rest of the problems by yourself. Fill in the
blank spaces:

37 + 55 =

a. 55 = 50 + 5

b. 37 + 50 + 5 =

c. 37 + 50 = 87. Then, 87 + 5 = 92. The answer is 92.

1. 27 + 54 =
54 = 50 + 4
27 + 50 + 4 =
27 + 50 = 77. Then, 77 + 4 = 81. The answer is 81.

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2. 41 + 35 =
35 = 30 + 5
41 + 30 + 5 =
41 + 30 = 71. Then, 71 + 5 = 76. The answer is 76.

3. 18 + 77 =
77 = 70 + 7
18 + 70 + 7 =
18 + 70 = 88. Then, 88 + 7 = 95. The answer is 95.

4. 36 + 36 =

36 = 30 + 6
36 + 30 + 6 =
36 + 30 = 66. Then, 66 + 6 = 72. The answer is 72.

5. 62 + 26 =

26 = 20 + 6
62 + 20 + 6 =
62+ 20 = 82. Then, 82 + 6 = 88. The answer is 88.

6. 51 + 44 =

44 = 40 + 4
51 + 40 + 4 =
51 + 40 = 91. Then, 91 + 4 = 95. The answer is 95.

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x 2 Multiplying by 2 and 5 Using Patterns x 5

Everyone should memorize the multiplication tables. Sometimes, though,
there are other ways to quickly multiply and divide numbers by recognizing
patterns.

For example, to multiply by 2, you can memorize the multiplication table, or

you can recognize that multiplying a number by 2 is just doubling that
number. For example:

2 x 8 = 16. Another way to find out the answer to 2 x 8 is to recognize that

doubling 8 (8 + 8) also equals 16.

This works for bigger numbers, too. 2 x 136 = 272. Another way to find out the
answer to 2 x 136 is to recognize that doubling 136 (136 + 136) also equals 272.

Another example of how recognizing patterns can help you multiply

numbers is multiplying by 5. Any time you multiply a number by 5, the last
digit in the answer must be either 5 or 0. If the last digit is anything other
than a 5 or 0, it is wrong. For example:

5 x 2 = 10: The first digit of this answer is 1, and the last digit is 0.

5 x 3 = 15: The last digit is 5

5 x 8 = 40: The last digit is 0

5 x 18 = 90: The last digit is 0

5 x 253 = 1,265: The last digit is 5

5 x 12 can’t be 72 because the last digit is 2 (The answer is 70)

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Problems: ANSWERS

18
2 x 9 = ______ 22
, 2 x 11 = _______ 30
, 2 x 15 = _______ , 2 x 27 = ________
54 ,

2 x 32 = _____
64 , 2 x 77 = _______
154 , 2 x 112 = ______
224 , 2 x 164 = _______
328 ,

2 x 234 = ____ 734 , 2 x 426 = ______

468 , 2 x 367 = ______ 852 .

5 x 7 = ______
35 , 5 x 12 = ________
60 , 5 x 14 = _______
70 , 5 x 17 = ________
85 ,

5 x 20 = _____
100 , 5 x 25 = ________
125 .

Put a check by the problems that have to be wrong:

1. 5 x 16 = 80 _____

2. 5 x 19 = 93 _____

3. 5 x 78 = 391 _____

4. 5 x 92 = 460 _____

5. 5 x 156 = 784 _____

6. 5 x 333 = 1665 _____

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Dividing by 2 and 3 Using Patterns

Everyone should memorize the multiplication tables. Sometimes,
though, there are other ways to quickly multiply and divide
numbers by recognizing patterns.

To divide by 2 you can memorize the multiplication table, or you can recognize
that dividing a number by 2 is just figuring out what half of the number is.
For example:

6 divided by 2 = 3. Half of 6 is 3. You know this because 3 + 3 is 6. So, if you

know half of 6 is 3, then you know how to divide by 2.

This works for bigger numbers too. 860 divided by 2 = 430. This means that
430 + 430 = 860 (which also means that 430 is half of 860). And 1,428 divided
by 2 = 714. This means that 714 + 714 = 1,428 (which also means that 714 is
half of 1,428).

To divide by 3 you can memorize the multiplication table, or you can recognize
that dividing a number by 3 is just figuring out what one-third of the number is.
For example:

6 divided by 3 = 2. One-third of 6 is 2. You know this because 2 + 2 + 2 is 6. So,

if you know one-third of 6 is 2, then you know how to divide by 3.

This works for bigger numbers, too. 963 divided by 3 = 321. This means that
321 + 321 + 321 = 963 (which also means that 321 is one-third of 963). And
3,369 divided by 3 = 1,123 . This means that 1,123 + 1,123 + 1,123 = 3,369
(which also means that 1,123 is one-third of 3,369).

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Solve the division problems below using this method, and explain your answer.

Ex: 42 divided by 2 = ______ . 21 + 21 = 42. Therefore, half of 42 = 21.

20 .
1. 40 divided by 2 = ______

22 .
2. 44 divided by 2 = ______

34 .
3. 68 divided by 2 = ______

50 .
4. 100 divided by 2 = ______

73 .
5. 146 divided by 2 = ______

Ex: 42 divided by 3 = ______ . 14 + 14 + 14 = 42. Therefore, one-third of 42 is 14.

3
6. 9 divided by 3 = ______ .

5
7. 15 divided by 3 = ______ .

7
8. 21 divided by 3 = ______ .

11 .
9. 33 divided by 3 = ______

17 .
10. 51 divided by 3 = ______

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Multiplying by 3 Using Patterns

Multiplying by 3 is easier than multiplying by other numbers because of a certain pattern.
When you multiply any number by 3, the digits of the answer must add up to a multiple of
3. Here are the multiples of 3 up to 100:

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69,
72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93, 96, 99.

3 x 4 = 12. If you add together the two digits of the answer, you get 3. That is because
1 + 2 = 3. 3 is the first number on the list of multiples of 3 above. This is how you know the
answer is right! If the answer is not on the list above, it is wrong.

3 x 16 = 48. Add up the two digits of the answer, 4 + 8 = 12. Since 12 is on the list of multiples
of 3 above, the answer is probably right.

Solve the multiplication problems below and check your answer using this method.
Show your work.

24
1. 3 x 8 = ______

33
2. 3 x 11 = ______

42
3. 3 x 14 = ______

57
4. 3 x 19 = ______

60
5. 3 x 20 = ______

81
6. 3 x 27 = ______

Answer the question. Then, put a check by the problems that have to be wrong:

Ex: 3 x 9 = 26. Does 2 + 6 = a multiple of 3? (In other words, is 8 on the list above?) No.

Yes
7. 3 x 13 = 39. Does 3 + 9 = a multiple of 3? ____

Yes
8. 3 x 15 = 45. Does 4 + 5 = a multiple of 3? ____

No
9. 3 x 21 = 62. Does 6 + 2 = a multiple of 3? ____

Yes
10. 3 x 26 = 78. Does 7 + 8 = a multiple of 3? ____

No
11. 3 x 33 = 97. Does 9 + 7 = a multiple of 3? ____

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Mixed Problems
Review the multiplication and division patterns, then solve the problems below.

Multiplying by 2: Recognize that multiplying a number by 2 is just doubling that number.

For example: 2 x 8 = 16. Another way to find out the answer to 2 x 8 is to recognize that
doubling 8 (8 + 8) also equals 16.

Multiplying by 5: Any time you multiply a number by 5, the last digit in the answer must be
either 5 or 0. If the last digit is anything other than a 5 or 0, it is wrong.

Dividing by 2: Recognize that dividing a number by 2 is just figuring out what half of the
number is. For example: 6 divided by 2 = 3. Half of 6 is 3. You know this because 3 + 3 is 6.
So, if you know half of 6 is 3, then you know how to divide by 2.

Multiplying by 3: Multiplying by 3 is easier than you think because of a certain pattern.

When you multiply any number by 3, the digits of the answer must add up to a multiple
of 3. For example, 3 x 4 = 12. If you add together the two digits of the answer, you get 3.
That is because 1 + 2 = 3.

100 , 2 x 13 = ____
8 , 2 x 50 = ____
2 x 4 = _____ 26 , 2 x 18 = ____
36 , 2 x 22 = _____
44 , 2 x 27 = ____
54 ,

64 , 2 x 41 = ____
94 , 2 x 32 = ____
2 x 47 = ____ 82 , 2 x 28 = _____
56 , 2 x 45 = _____
90 , 2 x 39 = ____
78 .

55 , 5 x 12 = ____
35 , 5 x 11 = ____
5 x 7 = _____ 60 , 5 x 14 = _____
70 , 5 x 17 = ____
85 , 5 x 18 = _____
90 ,

100 , 5 x 21 = ____
5 x 20 = ____ 105 , 5 x 22 = ____
110 , 5 x 30 = _____
150 , 5 x 31 = ____
155 , 5 x 32 = _____
160 .

3
6 divided by 2 = _______ 6
, 12 divided by 2 = _______ 7
, 14 divided by 2 = ________ ,

10
20 divided by 2 = _______ 11 , 24 divided by 2 = _______
, 22 divided by 2 = _______ 12 ,

15
30 divided by 2 = _______ 20
, 40 divided by 2 = _______ 25
, 50 divided by 2 = _______ ,

23
46 divided by 2 = _______ .

12 , 3 x 11 = _____
3 x 4 = _____ 33 , 3 x 12 = _____
36 , 3 x 13 = ____
39 , 3 x 20 = ____
60 , 3 x 21 = ____
63 ,

66 , 3 x 30 = ____
3 x 22 = _____ 93 , 3 x 32 = _____
90 , 3 x 31 = ____ 96 , 3 x 40 = ____
120 , 3 x 41 = ____
123 .

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 Answer Sheet
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6
Multiplying by 9 Using Patterns x 9
Unlike with other numbers, multiplying any single-digit number by 9
results in a recognizable pattern. For example:

2 x 9 = 18 1+8=9
3 x 9 = 27 2+7=9
4 x 9 = 36 3+6=9
5 x 9 = 45 4+5=9

You should notice that 2 x 9 = 18 and that adding together the two
digits of the answer equals 9. In other words, 1 + 8 = 9.

Fill out the rest of the chart by writing the correct number on the blank
spaces.

6 x 9 = 54 5+4=9

7 x 9 = 63 6 + ___
___ 3 =9

8 x 9 = 72 7 + ___
___ 2 =9

9 x 9 = 81 8 + ___
___ 1 =9

Does this pattern work for 9 x 10? Yes or No?

Does it work for 9 x 11? Yes or No?

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ANSWERS Multiplying by 6 Using Patterns x6

Unlike with other numbers, multiplying even numbers by 6 results in a recognizable pattern.
For example:

6 x 2 = 12
6 x 4 = 24
6 x 6 = 36
6 x 8 = 48
You should notice that the number that is multiplied by six (the second number in the
equations above) is the same as the last digit of the answer. For example, if you multiply
6 by 2, the last digit of the answer is also 2. (The answer is 12.) This happens every time you
multiply six by an even number. (This doesn’t work for odd numbers.)
Write the correct number on the blank spaces.

1. 6 x 10 = 60

72
2. 6 x 12 = _______

84
3. 6 x 14 = _______

96
4. 6 x 16 = _______

Challenge questions:

108
5. 6 x 18 = _______

156
6. 6 x 26 = _______

252
7. 6 x 42 = _______

444
8. 6 x 74 = _______

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