Services Marketing

The service sector

◼ The services sector has been growing at a
rate of 8% per annum in recent years
◼ More than half of our GDP is accounted for
from the services sector
◼ This sector dominates with the best jobs,
best talent and best incomes
 “There are no such thing as
service industries.There are only
industries whose service
components are greater or less
than those of other industries.
Everybody is in service.”

-Theodore Levitt-
What is services?

It is the part of the product or the full

product for which the customer is
willing to see value and pay for it.
What is a service?
◼ It is intangible.
◼ It does not result in ownership.
◼ It may or may not be attached with a
physical product
Difference between physical
goods and services
Physical goods Services

tangible intangible

homogeneous heterogeneous

Production and distribution are Production, distribution and

separated from consumption consumption are simultaneous
processes
A thing An activity or process

Core value processed in factory Core value produced in the buyer-seller

interaction
Customers do not participate in the Customers participate in production
production process
Can be kept in stock Cannot be kept in stock

Transfer of ownership No transfer of ownership

 Most products have a service
component
They could be
◼ Equipment based
◼ People based – varying skill levels
 Services could meet
◼ Personal needs – haircuts, tution, massage
parlours
◼ Business needs – courier services, office
cleaning services, delivering fresh flowers
Characteristics of services
◼ Intangibility
◼ Inseparability
◼ Perishability
◼ Variability
The three additional ‘P’s of
Service Marketing
◼ People
◼ Physical evidence
◼ Process
Qualities of services
◼ Search qualities
◼ Experience qualities
◼ Credence qualities
Differentiation in services
◼ Offering
◼ Faster and better delivery
◼ Image
Managing Service quality
◼ Gap between management perceptions and
consumer expectations
◼ Gap between management perceptions and
service quality specifications
◼ Gap between service quality specifications and
service delivery
◼ Gap between service delivery and external
communication
◼ Gap between expected service and perceived
service
Determinants of service quality
◼ Reliability – delivering on promises
◼ Responsiveness – willing to help
◼ Assurance – inspiring trust and confidence
◼ Empathy – individualising customers
◼ Tangibles- physical representation
 Moments of truth
◼ It is the customer – service encounter
◼ Every positive or negative experience of
the consumer would have fall-out on the
overall service experience
 In services, the last experience
remains uppermost in your mind.
Therefore, it is not enough to be
good, you have to be consistently
good
 Services Monitoring
◼ Continuous auditing of competitor service
levels versus own company
◼ Importance - performance analysis
 Importance – Performance
Analysis
I
M
P
Concentrate Keep up the
O here good work
R
T
A
C Low priority Possible overkill
E

PER F O R MAN C E
Service quality is directly
proportional to employee
satisfaction
 When customers visit a service
establishment
Their satisfaction will be influenced by
◼ Encounters with service personnel
◼ Appearance and features of service
facilities – exterior and interior
◼ Interactions with self service equipment
◼ Characteristics and behaviour of other
customers
 Customer Service Expectations
◼ Desired Service – the ‘wished for’ service
◼ Adequate Service – the service that would
be acceptable
 Zone of Tolerance

Difference between the desired

service and the adequate service
 Service Encounter Themes
◼ Recovery
◼ Adaptability
◼ Spontaneity
◼ Coping
 Recovery
Don’t Do
◼ Ignore customer ◼ Acknowledge
◼ Blame customer problem
◼ Leave customer to ◼ Explain causes
fend for himself
◼ Apologise
◼ Downgrade
◼ Compensate/upgrade
◼ Act as if nothing is
wrong ◼ Lay out options
◼ ‘pass the buck’ ◼ Take responsibility
 Adaptability
Don’t Do
◼ Promise and fail to ◼ Recognise the
keep them seriousness
◼ Show unwillingness ◼ Acknowledge
to try
◼ Embarrass the ◼ Anticipate
customer ◼ Accommodate
◼ Laugh at the customer ◼ Adjust
◼ Avoid responsibility ◼ Explain rules/policies
 Spontaneity
Don’t Do
◼ Exhibit impatience ◼ Take time
◼ Yell/laugh/swear ◼ Be attentive
◼ Steal from customers ◼ Anticipate needs
◼ Discriminate ◼ Listen
◼ Ignore ◼ Provide information
◼ Show empathy
 Coping
Don’t Do
◼ Take customer’s ◼ Listen
dissatisfaction ◼ Try to accommodate
personally ◼ Explain
◼ Let customer’s ◼ Let go of the
dissatisfaction affect customer
others
 Types of complainers
◼ Passives
◼ Voicers
◼ Irates
◼ Activists
 Customer complaints
◼ It pays to resolve customer complaints
◼ On an average only 5 % dissatisfied customers
complain. Others simply go over to the
competitor
◼ A satisfied consumer speaks to an average of 3
people on his her experience
◼ A dissatisfied consumer gripes to on an average
11 persons about his/her unpleasant experience
 Companies that pay importance
to resolving customer complaints
◼ Pay attention to quality and training of manpower
recruited
◼ Have clear benchmarks on service quality and
communicate to employees
◼ Take remedial steps to improve customer
satisfaction and prevent repeats of customer
dissatisfaction
◼ Have a data base on customer complaints that is
periodically analysed and policies adjusted
Satisfied employees will produce
satisfied customers
◼ Morale
◼ Motivation
◼ Mood
 Managing Service Productivity
◼ Giving quality service is an expensive business
◼ Not every consumer is willing to pay extra for
service quality
◼ Service providers would have to find their
optimum service quality/cost ratios
◼ Can technology substitute part of the labour
content?
◼ Can customers substitute part of the labour
content?
◼ Making services obsolete by product innovations