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MOD 2

The document defines poverty as the lack of essential resources for a minimum standard of living, categorizing it into economic, social, and psychological dimensions. It outlines various causes of poverty using the acronym 'PEOPLE GROW WEAK' and discusses types of poverty, including absolute and relative poverty. Additionally, it highlights several poverty alleviation programs in India aimed at improving livelihoods and reducing inequality.

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5 views

MOD 2

The document defines poverty as the lack of essential resources for a minimum standard of living, categorizing it into economic, social, and psychological dimensions. It outlines various causes of poverty using the acronym 'PEOPLE GROW WEAK' and discusses types of poverty, including absolute and relative poverty. Additionally, it highlights several poverty alleviation programs in India aimed at improving livelihoods and reducing inequality.

Uploaded by

logisticslive365
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MOD 2

Tuesday, January 21, 2025 8:28 PM

POVERTY
Definition of Poverty
• Poverty: Lack of essential resources for a minimum standard of living.
• Types: Economic, Social, and Psychological poverty.
Dimensions of Poverty
1. Economic Poverty: No money for basic needs like food, shelter, healthcare.
• Example: A daily wage worker can’t afford treatment during illness.
2. Social Poverty: Lack of access to education, healthcare, jobs.
• Example: A rural area with no schools or hospitals.
3. Psychological Poverty: Feeling hopeless, stuck in poverty.
• Example: Long-term poverty leads to giving up on improvement.

• PEOPLE GROW WEAK

• (Each letter of "PEOPLE GROW WEAK" corresponds to a cause of poverty!)


• P – Population Growth
• Keyword: Overuse
• Example: Crowded villages face water shortages.
E- Education (Poor)
Keyword: No schools
Example: Rural kids work instead of studying.
O – Old Farming Methods (Low Agricultural Productivity)
Keyword: Drought
Example: Crop failure without irrigation.
P – Poor Jobs (Unemployment)
Keyword: No security
Example: Wage loss when workers fall ill.
L – Lack of Equality (Inequality)
Keyword: Landowners
Example: Wealthy families control most land.
• E – Essential Infrastructure Missing (Weak Infrastructure)

• Keyword: No hospitals
• Example: Travel costs for treatment.

• G – Gender Inequality

• Keyword: Women excluded


• Example: Families forbid women from working.

• R – Regional Disparities

• Keyword: Remote areas


• Example: Farmers lack markets to sell crops.

• O – Officials (Corrupt Governance)

• Keyword: Misuse of funds


• Example: Stolen school funds = no education.

• W – Weather (Natural Disasters)

• Keyword: Floods/droughts
• Example: Flooded crops ruin livelihoods.
• E – Extra Resources Needed

• Ties back to overpopulation and weak development.

• A – Access Barriers (Poor education or lack of jobs)


○ Types of Poverty
1. Absolute Poverty: Can’t afford basic needs (food, shelter).
• World Bank Line: $1.90/day.
2. Relative Poverty: Income less compared to society.
• Example: Earning ₹5,000/month when others earn ₹10,000.
Poverty Alleviation Programs in India
1. MGNREGA: 100 days of guaranteed rural work.
2. PMJDY: Easy access to bank accounts for financial inclusion.
3. NRLM: Self-help groups for rural livelihood (crafts, farming).
4. PMKVY: Skill development for unemployed youth.
5. Annapurna Scheme: Free 10 kg food grains for elderly.
6. NOAPS: Monthly pension for senior citizens.
7. SGRY: Wage and food for rural work projects (roads, ponds).
8. Food for Work Programme: Food grains as wages for work.
Quick Points for Understanding Inequality
1. Lorenz Curve: Graph showing income distribution.
• More bend = More inequality.
2. Gini Coefficient: Measures inequality (0 = Equal, 1 = Unequal).
Tips to Remember
• Link causes to examples (e.g., Drought = Low crop productivity).
• Group programs by purpose: Employment (MGNREGA, SGRY), Elderly support (NOAPS, Annapurna), Skills (PMKVY).
• Absolute vs. Relative Poverty: Survival vs. Comparison.

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