GOA

T HE C IT Y O F BEA CH ES

MADE BY 10th E students ~

- Aayush Rana
- AAdishree Hegde
- Atharv Rajput
- Arpit Sharma
- Aditya Kumar Singh
 INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION 12. LITERATURE
2. AMAZING SCENARY 13. COMPARISON BETWEEN GOA
AND ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR
3. MYTHS & LEGENDS OF GOA
ISLAND
4. HISTORY OF GOA 14. HARMONIZING HERITAGE
5. PORTUGUESE CONQUEST OF GOA • INTRODUCTION
6. BACKGROUND • MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
7. TOURIST INTEREST • GOA'S MUSICAL LEGACY
• DANCES OF GOA
8. GEOGRAPHY
• CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
9. CLIMATE OF GOA 15. BIBLOGRAPHY
10.FLORA
11.FAUNA
• A land of amazing things to
do lies on the west coast, is
one of the tiniest states in
India. Goa has always been
visited by a large number of
international and domestic
tourists each year for its
beaches, churches, forts and
world heritage architecture. It
is popularly known for its
charming beaches, rich food,
and ancient Portuguese
heritage.
 GOA!
• With a coastline stretching
for over 100 kilometers, Goa
has numerous beautiful
beaches that attract millions
of tourists from all over the
world. Baga beach and
Calangute beach are more
famous among the Indian
family crowd, while Anjuna
beach and Arambol beach
draws an eye of foreign
tourists.
AMAZING SCENARY
Myths & Legends of
Goa
Skanda Purana the ancient Hindu text states that
the sixth incarnation of Vishnu - Parashuram, the
mythical sage wanted to perform sacrificial rituals
and was searching for pure land to perform
them. Facing the Arabian Sea (Sindhu Sagar)
and standing atop the Western Ghats
(Sahyadris) he ordered the sea to retreat where
the arrow which he shot landed. Land on the
banks of the two main Goan Rivers, Aghanashini
(Zuari) and Gomati (now Mandovi) was vacated
by the sea God.
Parashuram peopled Goa with high caste Hindu
families of Saraswati Brahmins after he claimed
it as his kingdom. It is believed that the sacrificial
fire ashes have turned into a holy hill (Bhasma
Dongor) in north Goa near the Arambol beach
(Harmal beach) . In Goa the only temple
dedicated to him is at Poinguinim in Cancona
subdivision.
 HISTORY OF GOA
Goa – The Name – In the later Vedic period
(c.1000-500 BC) when the Hindu epic
“Mahabharata” was written, Goa has been
referred to with the Sanskrit name “Gomantak”, a
word with many meanings , signifying mostly a
fertile land; but however, it is the Portuguese who
gave Goa its name. Before they arrived on the
scene, Goa, or Gove or Gowapura, was the
name only of the port town near the mouth of the
Mandovi River. This was also the same site on
which the Portuguese later built their capital,
today’s Old Goa.
Goa is India's smallest state; it is located on the
west coast of India in the region known as
Konkan. Goa was ruled by the Portuguese for
450 years till it was liberated from the
Portuguese to form a part of India on 19th
December 1961.
Goa has a long history of rulers dating back
to the 3 rd century bc when it was the part
of the Mauryan empire. Goa has been
ruled by numerous rulers like the Silharas,
Kadamdas, Chaukyans, kings of Deccan,
kings of Vijaynagar, Adilshah of Bijapur and
last but not least the Portuguese who were
the most successful of them all. The
Portuguese came in 1498 and were the
first Europeans to set foot in India, they
soon established a trading colony for the
sole purpose of dealing with spices and
cotton and later ended up ruling the state
when the Portuguese admiral Alfonso de
Albuquere defeated the ruling Bijapur kings
on the behalf of a local sovereign.
Portuguese conquest
of Goa
• The Portuguese conquest of
Goa occurred when the governor Afonso de
Albuquerque captured the city in 1510 from
the Adil Shahis. Goa became the capital of
the Portuguese State of India which included
possessions such as Fort Manuel, the territory
of Bom Bahia, Damann and Chaul. It was not
among the places Albuquerque was supposed
to conquer. He did so after he was offered the
support and guidance of Timoji and his troops.
Albuquerque had been given orders
by Manuel I of
Portugal to capture Ormus, Aden and Malacca
only. Goa would remain under Portuguese
control until 1961.
 BACKGROUND
• On November 4, 1509, Afonso de Albuquerque
succeeded Dom Francisco de Almeida as Governor of
the Portuguese State of India, after the arrival in India of
the Marshal of Portugal Dom Fernando Coutinho, sent
by King Manuel to enforce the orderly succession of
Albuquerque to office.[7] Unlike Almeida, Albuquerque
realized that the Portuguese could take a more active role
breaking Muslim supremacy in the Indian Ocean trade by
taking control of three strategic chokepoints – Aden,
Hormuz, and Malacca. Aden trade was controlled by Arabs,
Hormuz by Persians and Malacca by Muslim Malays.
Albuquerque also understood the necessity of establishing
a base of operations in lands directly controlled by the
Portuguese crown and not just in territory granted by allied
rulers such as Cochin and Cannanore
 TOURIST
INTEREST
Baga beach became a
traveler’s cliché in the ’60s and
early’70s. It was the hippies
who discovered the pristine
beach. They spread the word
around resulting in hordes of
European tourists descending
on the golden sands of Baga.
Thumbing or hitchhiking and
travelling by cheap transport are
things of the past. Baga is no
BAGA BEACH more the watering hole for
Hippies.
 GEOGRAPHY
Goa is a part of Coastal area known as Konkan,which
is rising up to the Western ghats. These Western
ghats seperates it from the Deccan plateau.

The highest point is Sonsogor Peak with an altitude

of 1026 m(3366 ft)

It is bounded by Indian States Of Mahrashtra to the

north and Karnataka to east and South and also
Arabian sea to the West.

It is India’s smallest state by area and fourth smallest

by population.

Goa has a coastline of 160 km(99miles).

• Goa features a tropical monsoon
climate under the Köppen climate
classification. Goa, being in the torrid
zone and near the Arabian Sea, has a hot
and humid climate for most of the year.
The month of May is usually the hottest,
seeing daytime temperatures of over 35
°C (95 °F) coupled with high humidity.The
relative humidity varies from 60% to 90%.
 FLORA
Forest cover in Goa is diverse. Goa is India's smallest state terms of area
and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Goa is located on the west
coast of India in the region known as the Konkan Forest cover in Goa
stands at 1,424 km², most of which is owned by the government.
Government owned forest is estimated at 1224.38 km² whilst private is
given as 200 km². Most of the forests in the state are located in the
interior eastern regions of the state. The Western Ghats, which form
most of eastern Goa, have been internationally recognised as one of the
biodiversity hotspots of the world. In the February 1999 issue of National
Geographic Magazine, Goa was compared with the Amazon and Congo
basins for its rich tropical biodiversity.The state tree is Coconut on the
other hand the state flower is Frangipani.Forest cover in Goa is diverse.
Goa is India's smallest state terms of area and the fourth smallest in
terms of population. Goa is located on the west coast of India in the
region known as the Konkan Forest cover in Goa stands at 1,424 km²,
most of which is owned by the government. Government owned forest is
estimated at 1224.38 km² whilst private is given as 200 km². Most of the
forests in the state are located in the interior eastern regions of the state.
The Western Ghats, which form most of eastern Goa, have been
internationally recognised as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world.
In the February 1999 issue of National Geographic Magazine, Goa was
compared with the Amazon and Congo basins for its rich tropical
biodiversity.
Fauna

• Goa has more than 50 species of animals. Unfortunately, to spot some of

these precious inhabitants, you have to visit the deep jungles. Spot
animals like leopards, monkeys, deer, leopard cat, Indian civet, the gaur
or Indian bison, the sloth bear, the Indian porcupine, the pangolin, the
slender loris, the wild boar, and the mongoose on such trips.
• Monkeys are found all across Goa. The most common species is the pink-
bottomed macaque followed by the hanuman langur. Goa has four species
of bats, the fruit bat, the Dormers bat, the horseshoe bat, and the Malay
fox vampire.
• Goa has numerous Flying foxes found in the rural interior areas. The
Indian giant squirrel, the smaller three-striped squirrel, and the five-
striped palm squirrel are seen in many areas.
• The cheetah or spotted axis deer, the sambar, the barking deer, and the
mouse deer are some of the deer species in Goa. The smaller deer are
preyed on by predators: the striped hyena, the jackal, and the wild dog.
• Long-beaked dolphins are often seen in the shallow waters of Goa’s more
isolated beaches.
• Reptiles & Amphibians
• Goa has a large reptilian/amphibian population. It includes the
ubiquitous common house gecko, the chameleon, a variety of frogs, and
the rare monitor lizard. Two species of crocodiles are found along the
banks of a few inland waterways.
• snake.The gaur, also known as the Indian bison is the state animal and
the sate bird is Yellow- throated BulBul.
• The Goan writer Shenoi Goembab (1877–1946) was • Literary writing in Goa began to take shape under Portuguese rule and
influence, associated with Portugal's mid-nineteenth-century
foundational to developing modern Konkani literature. Regeneration, which saw the reintroduction of the press to Goa, along
An official language of the region since 1987, with expanded Portuguese education. A spate of Portuguese-language
Konkani is now studied in schools. Konkani literature publications, 'such as A Biblioteca de Goa (1839), O Enciclopédico
(1841–1842), O Compilador (1843–1847), O Gabinete Literário das
emerged alongside the rapid growth of Marathi Fontainhas (1846–1848), A revista Ilustrativa (1857–1866) and O
literature, in which the Goan R. V. Pandit was a Arquivo Portugués Oriental (1857–1866)', along with Júlio Gonçalves's
notable exponent.Among its most noted writers are Ilustraçao Goana (1864–1866), while often short-lived, provided new
fora not only for the circulation of European literature (whether
Laxmanrao Sardessai (1904–1986) and R. V. Pandit originally in Portuguese or in translation), but provided growing
(1917–1990), both of whom wrote poetry and prose in opportunities for Goans to publish literary and scholarly writing.
Marathi, Konkani, and Portuguese; Shenoi Goembab
(1877–1946), whose Konkani writing helped to
establish Konkani as a modern literary language;
Ravindra Kelekar (1925–2010), who wrote some of the
twentieth century's foremost Konkani literature; and
Pundalik Naik (born 1952), whose 1977 novel Acchev
was the first Konkani novel to be translated into
English.

Euncie D’Souza
Pundalik Naik
 Comparion between Goa and Andaman and Nicobar
islands

ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS GOA

❖The history of the Andaman and ❖It was ruled by the Kadamba dynasty
Nicobar Starts from from the 2nd century ce to 1312 and
the Ramayana period.In the Ramayana by Muslim invaders of the Deccan
period it was called as Handuman, As from 1312 to 1367. The city was then
time passes away this place annexed by the Hindu kingdom
was renamed. In the 1st Century this of Vijayanagar and was later
place was called conquered by the Bahmanī sultanate,
as Agadaemon Angademan according which founded Old Goa on the
to Ptolemy.​ island in 1440.
❖ Nicobarese is the folk dance ❖ Fugdi is the folk dance of Goa.
of Andaman and Nicobar
islands.

❖ Dugger is the folk music ❖ Mando is the folk music of Goa.

of Andaman and Nicobar
islands.

❖ The Andaman and Nicobar ❖ The

Islands have a rich musical traditional Goan musical instruments
heritage, and some of the
include dhol, mridanga, tabla, ghumat,
famous musical instruments
dholak, kansallem, mhadalem, shehn
of the region include
ai, surt, tasso, nagado, chowgudo, an
the Dhak, Khanjari,and Boni.
d tambura.
❖ Andaman Spiny Shrew,Andaman Wild ❖ leopards, monkeys, deer, leopard
pig ,Barking Deer,Blue Whale, cat, Indian civet, the gaur or Indian
Sperm Whale,Chital,are some of the bison, the sloth bear, the Indian
Fauna found in Andaman and Nicobar porcupine, the pangolin, the
Islands. slender loris, the wild boar, and the
mongoose​.
❖ The South Andaman forests have a
profuse growth of epiphytic vegetation,
mostly ferns and orchids. ❖ Coconut trees are ubiquitous
The Middle Andamans harbours mostly and are present in almost all
moist deciduous areas of Goa barring the
forests. North Andamans is characterise elevated regions. Much
d by the wet evergreen type, with plenty deciduous vegetation, including
of woody climbers. teak, sal, cashew and mango
trees, is present. Fruits
include jackfruits, mangos,
pineapples and blackberries.
 HARMONIZING
HERITAGE: UNVEILING
THE RHYTHMIC
TAPESTRY OF GOA'S
FOLK MUSIC AND
DANCE
 INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the vibrant world of Goa's Folk
Music and Dance! Get ready to be
mesmerized by the rhythmic tapestry that
harmonizes the rich heritage of this beautiful
region.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Explore the fascinating array of musical

instruments used in Goan folk music. From the
haunting tones of the ghumat to the lively
melodies of the mandolin, each instrument adds
a unique flavor to the musical tapestry.
GOA'S MUSICAL LEGACY

Discover the musical legacy of Goa that

spans centuries. Explore a unique blend of
Portuguese and Indian influences, resulting
in a captivating fusion of melodies and
rhythms.
 DANCES OF GOA

Immerse yourself in the vibrant world of

Goan folk dances. From the energetic Dhalo
to the graceful Fugdi, each dance form tells a
captivating story and celebrates the
essence of Goan culture.
CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
Uncover the cultural significance of Goa's
folk music and dance. These forms of artistic
expression not only entertain but also serve
as a means of preserving traditions,
fostering community bonds, and celebrating
important life events.
 BIBLOGRAPHY

➢ https://www.goaholidayhomes.com
➢ Wikipedia
➢ Times of India newspaper