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Tutorial 4

The document outlines a tutorial on the physics and modeling of semiconductor devices, focusing on the Kronig-Penney model and its implications for electron energy calculations. It includes tasks such as deriving energy equations, plotting E-k diagrams, and analyzing electron velocity in various energy ranges. Additionally, it discusses the effects of electric fields on electron motion and the characteristics of hypothetical materials with cubic symmetry.

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8 views2 pages

Tutorial 4

The document outlines a tutorial on the physics and modeling of semiconductor devices, focusing on the Kronig-Penney model and its implications for electron energy calculations. It includes tasks such as deriving energy equations, plotting E-k diagrams, and analyzing electron velocity in various energy ranges. Additionally, it discusses the effects of electric fields on electron motion and the characteristics of hypothetical materials with cubic symmetry.

Uploaded by

akhila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE542L: Physics and Modeling of Semiconductor Devices

Tutorial 4
1) For the Kronig-Penney model as discussed in the class, derive the equation for
obtaining the energy of the electron.

Rewrite the expression in terms of variables α0 and and show that

Plot the function and verify the graph as given in the book for α0a
= α0b = π. Also show that the function is continuous around =1. Can you
also draw the E-k plot from this?

2) Consider the following E-k relation for a semiconductor,


E = Ec + (ħ2/2me)*(k-ko) 2 .………. Conduction band
E = Ev - (ħ2/2mh)*(k) 2 ..………. Valance band
where, ko = [ 2me * Eo / ħ2 ] 0.5
me = 0.4*mo , mh = 0.6*mo
EG = Ec - Ev = 1.3 eV, Eo = 1.5 eV
mo is free electron mass.
a) Draw the E-k diagram labelling key quantities
b) Assuming photon assisted band to band recombination process, calculate
momentum of photon and phonon generated. Comment on the answers.

3) Consider the following E-k relation,


E(k) * [ 1+αE(k) ] = ħ2k2/(2m)
(a) Work out approximate expression for the electron velocity for very small and
very large energy ranges.
(b)Draw approximate plot of velocity vs energy.
4) Consider the following E-k relation for an electron in two dimensions.
E - Ec = (ħ2/2mx)*(kx)2 + (ħ2/2my)*(ky)2
where mx and my are different. An electric field is applied in X-Y plane at 45o
angle to x axis. Taking electron to be initially at rest, determine its direction of
motion in the x-y plane.

5) This problem is about the alternate method to derive the energy equation for
the Kronig-Penney model. Instead of assuming the sinusoidal solutions as done
in the class, assume the solutions of the form 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑖𝑘𝑥 𝑢(𝑥), where 𝑢(𝑥) is
some periodic function as mentioned in the class during the discussion about the
Bloch’s theorem. Substitute the above expression for 𝜓(𝑥) into the Schrodinger’s
equation and obtain the simplest possible differential equation for 𝑢𝑎 (𝑥) [𝑢(𝑥)
for 0 < 𝑥 < 𝑎] and 𝑢𝑏 (𝑥) [𝑢(𝑥) for −𝑏 < 𝑥 < 0]. Introduce 𝛼 and 𝛽 as
discussed in the class. Record the general solutions for 𝑢𝑎 (𝑥) and 𝑢𝑏 (𝑥). Apply
the boundary conditions to obtain a set of four simultaneous equations. Show that
finally you get the same equation reproduced below for obtaining the energy of
the electron.

6) A certain hypothetical material with cubic symmetry is characterized by the E-


k plot as shown below. Which set of holes, band A or band B, will exhibit the
greater [100]-direction effective mass? Sketch the expected form of the valence
band constant-energy surfaces for the material. Assume the E-k is parabolic
(ellipsoid) in the vicinity of B maxima. Include the constant energy surfaces
associated with both the A and B Bands.

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