5 rules of a complete sentence

A sentence is a group of Words

1. A sentence must be in the right Order

2. A sentence must tell a Complete Thought and Make Sense

3. A sentence must start with a Capital Letter and has an End Mark (. ? !)

4. A sentence must have a Subject

5. A sentence must have a Predicate

If a sentence misses the subject or a predicate, it is not a complete

sentence, it is a Fragment

- The children are laughing at the funny clown. (Complete sentence)

- Hot in the summer. (Fragment)

Subjects and predicates

(Who does what)

Subject: Always at the beginning of the sentence.

It tells us who or what the sentence is talking about.

You can find the noun in the subject.

Predicate: Always at the end of a sentence.

It tells us what the subject is doing.

You can find the verb in the predicate.

- The baby sits quietly in the car.

Subject predicate
Noun verb
Who does what
 Types of sentences

• A statement is a sentence that tells something. It ends with

a period(.)
• A question is a sentence that asks something. It ends with a
question mark(?)

• A command is a sentence that tells someone to do something. It ends

with a period(.)
• An exclamation is a sentence that shows strong feeling. It ends with
an exclamation mark (!)

Simple and compound sentences

Simple sentence: A sentence that has one subject and one predicate.

I like to eat chocolate.

Compound sentence: A sentences that has two or more simple sentences,

joined together by joining words (and, or, but).

We always put a comma before the joining words.

I love Paris, and my brother loves Italy.

Common and proper nouns

Common noun: Any person, place, animal or thing.

Common nouns are not capitalized, only at the beginning of

the sentence.

A man walks down the street.

Proper noun: Specific names of persons, place, animal or things.

Proper nouns are always capitalized

Ahmed went to Alexandria last summer.

 Days of the week, months of the year and events are
capitalized

We are going to the club on Friday.

My birthday day is in November.

I bought my mom flowers on Mother’s Day.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations are shortened form of a word.

The first letter is capitalized and it ends with a period.

Street ___________St. Mister___________Mr.

Mistress_____________Mrs.

Road_______Rd. Doctor_________Dr.

Days of the week and months of the year:

First letter capital and it ends with a period

Days of the week Months of the year

Sunday _______ Sun. January________Jan. October _______Oct.

Monday ______ Mon. February_______Feb. November______Nov.

Tuesday ______Tues. March ________Mar. December ______Dec.

Wednesday _____Wed. April _________Apr.

Thursday ______Thurs. May, June, July

Friday _______Fri. August ________Aug.

Saturday ______ Sat. September _______ Sept.

States abbreviations are two capital letters and no period.

Illinois_______IL Washington ______ WA Unites States _____U.S.

Singular and plural nouns

Singular nouns: one person, place, animal or thing

Plural nouns: more than one person, place, animal, thing

Some nouns are special

Mouse -------mice tooth------teeth

Goose-----geese foot-------feet

Sheep-----sheep deer-----deer

Fish--------fish moose------moose

Man------men woman------women

Child-------children person-------people

Possessive nouns

When we want to show that something belongs to someone or something.

We add ('s) to a singular noun to make it _______ Singular possessive.

We add (') to a plural noun to make it __________ Plural possessive.

Boy: Singular____________ boy Plural ___________boys

Singular possessive ___________ boy’s plural possessive _____boys’
 Singular and plural pronouns

Pronouns are words that replace the nouns in a sentence.

Singular pronouns: pronouns that replace one person, place, thing.

I Me

You You

He, she, it Him, her, it

The boy likes math. __________ He likes math.

Nada is talking to the girl_________ She is talking to her.

Plural pronouns: pronouns that replace more than one person, place or
thing.

We Us

You You

They Them

Hana and Ahmed went to the club __________They went to the club.

I took the children to school __________ I took them to school.

Subject and object pronouns

Subject pronoun (doing the action) Object pronoun

(receiving the action)

I me

You you

He, she, it him, her, it

We us
 You you

They them

The boxes are heavy. We can’t carry them

Amy and Hassan are studying. They want to do well in our exam.

USE I AND ME correctly

Place I and me last when you talk about a group where you are included.

“I” is always placed at the first part of the sentence as “I” is a subject
pronoun.

Omar and I play soccer. My family and I eat dinner together.

“me” is always placed at the second part of the sentence as “me” is a

object pronoun.

Give the candy to Amira and me. Buy a ticket for my friends and me.

Pronoun Antecedent Agreement

Antecedent; The noun referred to( replaced by) by the pronoun.

The bag is small, it is heavy

(Antecedent) (Pronoun)

Agreement: The noun and pronoun must agree on

1.Singular or plural

2.Boy or girl

The girl is drawing, she has nice colors

(Antecedent) (Pronoun)
The antecedent and the pronoun are both singular and girl.

Adjectives

Adjectives: Words to describe a noun.

It can be a number, color, size, shape, feeling.

The big house. Two toys.

The white mouse. The round lollipop.

Some words can describe numbers: many, few, some, several.

I have four books__________ I have many books.

Adjectives that compare

-When we compare between two nouns we add (ER) and we always find
the word (than) after the adjective.

She is taller (than) her friend.

-When we compare between more than two nouns we add (EST) and we
always find the word (the) before the adjective.

Ahmed is the youngest in class

-When we have a noun that ends with (Y) we remove the (Y) and add (I)
before adding (er, est)

This dog is (the) happiest dog I have ever seen.

-We use (more) and (most) when comparing longer nouns

English is more exciting than science.

This flower is the most beautiful flower in the garden.

 Articles

(A, AN) are articles. They are used with unspecific singular nouns.

A used before a noun that starts with a consonant

A cat a dog a bag

An used before a noun that starts with a vowel

An umbrella an ant an owl

(The) is an article, it is used with singular and plural specific nouns

The cat the cats the umbrella the umbrellas